@misc{GypserHerppichFischeretal., author = {Gypser, Stella and Herppich, Werner B. and Fischer, Thomas and Lange, Philipp and Veste, Maik}, title = {Photosynthetic characteristics and their spatial variance on biological soil crusts covering initial soils of post-mining sites in Lower Lusatia, NE Germany}, series = {Flora}, volume = {Vol. 220}, journal = {Flora}, issn = {0367-2530}, doi = {10.1016/j.flora.2016.02.012}, pages = {103 -- 116}, abstract = {Following surface disturbance, quaternary sands are the basic substrate for soil development in the Lusatian reclamation area. These substrates mostly contain few organic matter and, hence, are nutrient poor. Accumulation of soil carbon is an important factor for ecosystem development, where biological soil crusts initially influence soil processes and promote ecosystem succession. The compositional structures of biological soil crusts at various developmental stages and their photosynthetic properties were investigated on two former open-cast lignite sites, currently under reclamation, an artificial sand dune in Welzow S{\"u}d, and a forest plantation in Schlabendorf S{\"u}d (Brandenburg, Germany). As development of biological soil crusts progressed, their contents of organic carbon and total chlorophyll increased. The ratio of these parameters, however, varied with the relative contribution of lichens and mosses in particular. Also maximum photochemical efficiency, net photosynthesis and respiration increased with crustal development. An additional evaluation of NDVI and chlorophyll fluorescence images showed that especially moss-dominated biocrusts had higher photosynthetic capacity compared to green algae-dominated biocrusts or soil lichens, so the photosynthetic capacity showed to be highly species-specific. The ratio of gross photosynthesis to respiration indicated a higher ecological efficiency of biocrusts dominated by green algae than of lichen-dominated biocrusts. The occurrence of soil lichens reduced net CO2 fixation and increased CO2 release due to the enhanced mycobiontic respiration. During crustal succession, the rise of photosynthesis-related parameters is not necessarily linear as a result of the highly heterogenic distribution of the different crustal organisms between biocrusts of similar developmental stages as well as between those growing at the two study sites. Therefore, the evaluation of relevant ecophysiological parameters highlighted that not all biocrust-forming organisms similarly contribute to the ecophysiological behavior of biological soil crusts. Nevertheless, the occurrence of the biological soil crusts promoted soil formation and accumulation of soil carbon in initial soils.}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteBoehmetal., author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Vignudelli, Marco and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Spatial and temporal variation of drought impact on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) water status and growth}, series = {iForest Biogeosciences and Forestry}, volume = {8}, journal = {iForest Biogeosciences and Forestry}, issn = {1971-7458}, doi = {10.3832/ifor1299-008}, pages = {743 -- 747}, abstract = {Stimulated by the rising demand for bioenergy, forestry practices for energy production are of increasing importance worldwide. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a suitable tree species for biomass production in shortrotation plantations in East Germany, especially on marginal land where insufficient water and nutrients are a limiting factor for tree growth. Our study aims to clarify the spatial and temporal variability of the black locust growth through the analysis of the plant water status, and to evaluate the effect of adverse edaphic conditions on growth performances, amplified by periods of summer drought. The study was carried out at two sites presenting comparable climatic but different edaphic conditions: (i) fertile agricultural soil; and (ii) heterogeneous unstructured soil from a reclaimed post-mining area. During the vegetation period, the growth rate decreased in both sites following the plant water status in terms of pre-dawn leaf water potential. Particularly in the post-mining area, due to the adverse edaphic conditions, below the critical pre-dawn water potential value of -0.5 MPa, the stem growth was drastically reduced during a period of summer drought. However, the trees could cope with the extreme soil and weather conditions in the post-mining site without perishing.}, language = {en} } @misc{MirckZalesny, author = {Mirck, Jaconette and Zalesny, Ronald S., Jr.}, title = {Mini-Review of Knowldege Gaps in Salt Tolerance of Plants Applied to Willows and Poplars}, series = {International Journal of Phytoremediation}, volume = {17}, journal = {International Journal of Phytoremediation}, number = {7}, issn = {1549-7879}, doi = {10.1080/15226514.2014.950414}, pages = {640 -- 650}, abstract = {Salt tolerance of agricultural crops has been studied since the 1940, but knowledge regarding salt tolerance of woody crops is still in its initial phase. Salt tolerance of agricultural crops has been expressed as the yield decrease due to a certain salt concentration within the root zone as compared to a non-saline control. The most well-known plant response curve to salinity has been a piece-wise linear regression relating crop yield to root zone salinity. This method used the hypothesis that crops tolerate salt up to a threshold after which their yield decreases approximately linearly. Critique to this method included its lack of sensitivity to dynamic factors such as weather conditions. As a result, other classification indices have been developed, but none is as well accepted as the threshold-slope model. In addition to a mini-review of the key salt tolerance studies, our objective was to classify salt tolerance levels of poplars and willows. Initial classification showed that salt tolerance of these genera ranged from sensitive to moderately tolerant.}, language = {en} } @misc{GypserVesteFischeretal., author = {Gypser, Stella and Veste, Maik and Fischer, Thomas and Lange, Philipp}, title = {Formation of soil lichen crusts at reclaimed post-mining sites, Lower Lusatia, North-east Germany}, series = {Graphis Scripta}, volume = {27}, journal = {Graphis Scripta}, number = {1-2}, issn = {0901-7593}, pages = {3 -- 14}, abstract = {Biological soil crusts were investigated at reclaimed post-mining sites near Welzow and Schlabendorf in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany). Various development stages from initial biological soil crusts built up by green algae, to more developed soil crusts with mosses, as well as moss-soil lichen crusts, were classified. The spatial-temporal dynamics during the development resulted in a moss-lichens cover with discrete patches of pioneer organisms like green algae in between. At the study sites, 13 species of terricolous lichens were identified. The formation of the biological soil crust is important for the accumulation of soil organic matter in the first millimeters of the topsoil of these pioneer ecosystems. A correlation between cryptogamic biomass and soil carbon content were found.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchaafBensFischeretal., author = {Schaaf, Wolfgang and Bens, Oliver and Fischer, Anton and Gerke, Horst H. and Gerwin, Werner and Gr{\"u}newald, Uwe and Holl{\"a}nder, Hartmut M. and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid and Mutz, Michael and Schloter, Michael and Schulin, Rainer and Veste, Maik and Winter, Susanne and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Patterns and processes of initial terrestrial-ecosystem development}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {174}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {2}, issn = {1522-2624}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.201000158}, pages = {229 -- 239}, abstract = {Ecosystems are characterized as complex systems with abiotic and biotic processes interacting between the various components that have evolved over long-term periods. Most ecosystem studies so far have been carried out in mature systems. Only limited knowledge exists on the very initial phase of ecosystem development. Concepts on the development of ecosystems are often based on assumptions and extrapolations with respect to structure-process interactions in the initial stage. To characterize the effect of this initial phase on structure and functioning of ecosystems in later stages, it is necessary to disentangle the close interaction of spatial and temporal patterns of ecosystem structural assemblages with processes of ecosystem development. The study of initial, less complex systems could help to better identify and characterize coupled patterns and processes. This paper gives an overview of concepts for the initial development of different ecosystem compartments and identifies open questions and research gaps. The artificial catchment site "Chicken Creek" is introduced as a new research approach to investigate these patterns and processes of initial ecosystem development under defined boundary conditions. This approach allows to integrate the relevant processes with related pattern and structure development over temporal and spatial scales and to derive thresholds and stages in state and functioning of ecosystems at the catchment level.}, language = {en} } @misc{GerwinSchaafBiemeltetal., author = {Gerwin, Werner and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Biemelt, Detlef and Fischer, Anton and Winter, Susanne and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {The artificial catchment "Chicken Creek" (Lusatia, Germany) - A landscape laboratory for interdisciplinary studies of initial ecosystem development}, series = {Ecological Engineering}, volume = {35}, journal = {Ecological Engineering}, number = {12}, issn = {0925-8574}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.09.003}, pages = {1786 -- 1796}, language = {en} } @misc{MazurSchoenheinzBiemeltetal., author = {Mazur, Kai and Schoenheinz, Dagmar and Biemelt, Detlef and Schaaf, D. and Gr{\"u}newald, Uwe}, title = {Observation of hydrological processes and structures in the artificial Chicken Creek catchment}, series = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth}, volume = {36}, journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth}, number = {1-4}, issn = {1873-5193}, pages = {74 -- 86}, language = {en} } @misc{HuettlGerwinKoegelKnabneretal., author = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Gerwin, Werner and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid and Schulin, Rainer and Hinz, Christoph and Subke, Jens-Arne}, title = {Ecosystems in transition: interactions and feedbacks with an amphasis on the initial development}, series = {Biogeosciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {Biogeosciences}, doi = {doi:10.5194/bg-11-195-2014}, pages = {195 -- 200}, abstract = {In this Special Issue of Biogeosciences on "Ecosystems in transition: Interactions and feedbacks with an emphasis on the initial development", we bring together research on ecosystems undergoing state transitions, including artificially created and naturally formed sites, most of them in an initial stage of development. State transitions of an ecosystem may occur either when a formerly stable system state is disturbed or when a developing system gradually achieves new functions during succession. This special issue presents a collection of observational and experimental studies that focus on processes occurring during state transitions in the development of ecosystems and provide insights into the feedback mechanisms controlling them. These state transitions are studied at multiple scales, ranging from the pore scale to the catchment scale. The contributions collected in this issue can be divided into two main groups: (i) studies dealing with state transition occurring in initial ecosystems without active human interference, and (ii) studies dealing with active restoration of ecosystems after severe disturbances.}, language = {en} } @misc{BoellmannElmerWoelleckeetal., author = {B{\"o}llmann, J{\"o}rg and Elmer, Michael and W{\"o}llecke, Jens and Raidl, Stefan and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Defensive strategies of soil fungi to prevent grazing by Folsomia candida (Collembola)}, series = {Pedobiologia}, volume = {53}, journal = {Pedobiologia}, number = {2}, issn = {1873-1511}, pages = {107 -- 114}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannRepmannRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Repmann, Frank and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Stability of Prussian Blue in Soils of a Former Manufactured Gas Plant Site}, series = {Soil and Sediment Contamination}, volume = {23}, journal = {Soil and Sediment Contamination}, number = {5}, issn = {1549-7887}, doi = {10.1080/15320383.2014.839626}, pages = {504 -- 522}, abstract = {Soil contamination with iron-cyanide complexes is a common problem at former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. Dissolution of the cyanide, from Prussian Blue (ferric ferrocyanide), creates an environmental hazard, whereas the risk of groundwater contamination depends on the stability of dissolved iron-cyanide complexes. Lack of a standard leaching method to determine the water-soluble (plant-available) cyanide fraction generates potential limitations for implementing remediation strategies like phytoremediation. Applicability of neutral solution extraction to determine the water-soluble cyanide fraction and the stability of Prussian Blue in surface and near-surface soils of an MGP site in Cottbus, undersaturated and unsaturated water conditions, was studied in column leaching and batch extraction experiments. MGP soils used in the long-term tests varied according to the pH (5.0-7.7) and the total cyanide content (40-1718 mg kg-1). Column leaching, after four months of percolation, still yielded effluent concentrations exceeding the German drinking water limit (> 50 μg L-1) and the solubility of Prussian Blue reported in the literature (< 1 mg L-1) from both alkaline and acidic soils. Long-term (1344 h) extraction of MGP soils with distilled water was sufficient to dissolve 97\% of the total cyanide from the slightly alkaline soils and up to 78\% from the acidic soils. Both experiments revealed that dissolution of ferric ferrocyanide under circum-neutral pH and oxic water conditions is a function of time, where the released amount is dependent on the soil pH and total cyanide content. Unexpectedly high and continuous solubility of Prussian Blue, both in acidic and slightly alkaline MGP soils, implies the need to introduce an additional cyanide fraction ("readily soluble fraction") to improve and specify cyanide leaching methods. Long-term extraction of cyanide-contaminated soil in neutral solution seems to be a promising approach to evaluate the potential hazard of groundwater pollution at the MGP sites.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SutLohmannBoldtBurischRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) on degradation of iron-cyanide complexes}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoldtBurischNaethSchneideretal., author = {Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Naeth, M. Anne and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Root growth, mycorrhization and physiological effects of plants growing on oil tailing sands}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SutLohmannRepmannRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Repmann, Frank and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Vertical movement of iron-cyanide complexes in soils of a former Manufactured Gas Plant site}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Schaaf, author = {Schaaf, Wolfgang}, title = {An ecosystem approach to evaluate restoration measures in the lignite mining district of Lusatia/Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MantovaniVesteFreese, author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Biomass production in agro-­-systems: Is black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) the right choice?}, series = {Gf{\"O} 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany}, booktitle = {Gf{\"O} 43rd Annual Meeting, Building bridges in ecology, linking systems, scales and disciplines, September 9 to 13, 2013, Potsdam, Germany}, editor = {Jeltsch, Florian and Joshi, Jasmin}, pages = {28 -- 29}, abstract = {Currently, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is an important tree species in Central and Eastern Europe for the production of biomass in short-rotation plantations. Being a ruderal species and relatively drought tolerant compared to other broad leaf trees, its use in agroforestry systems will increase. That is particularly true for marginal landscapes characterized by adverse edaphic conditions, where the soil water availability is limited and in summer drought can occur. Several studies have been carried out on the subject of the black locust primary production; however there are still open questions associated with its water consumption and the biomass production, in relation to the soil water availability. In order to investigate the soil-plant-atmosphere system interactions, in our studies the links between the growth rate, water use efficiency and the ecophysiological response have been examined in a two year lysimeter experiment. The two years old black locust plants were selected from a recultivated post-mining area (Welzow S{\"u}d, Lusatia, Brandenburg) and established in a 100 L wicked lysimeter, installed under a light transmissive roof to avoid uncontrolled water input. During the first vegetation period, the trees were maintained constantly under three different soil moisture regimes (well-watered, moderate, drought), in relation to the hydrostatic state of the lysimeters. For the second vegetation period instead, the plants were subjected to two different irrigation cycles (long term drought stress, short term drought stress), in relation of the drought stress and recovering time duration. The results were satisfactory. At whole plant level the water use efficiency, the growth rate under different soil moisture conditions and the morphological adaptation to drought condition were assessed. In addition, at leaf level we elucidated the relation between the soil moisture together with the atmospheric evaporative demand and the ecophysiological performance in terms of H2O and CO2 rate variation. From the results emerged that the black locust cultivar may have a positive or negative effect on the ecosystem function, depending on the water availability of the areas in object. The tree can tolerate periods of drought by reducing its transpiration rate, yet it is not to be considered a water saving trees species in a well watered condition.}, language = {en} } @misc{VesteBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Veste, Maik and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Biologische Stickstoff-Fixierung der Robinie}, series = {AFZ - der Wald}, journal = {AFZ - der Wald}, number = {2}, pages = {40 -- 42}, abstract = {Als Pionierbaumart besiedelt die Robinie (Robinia pseudoacacia) schnell offene Fl{\"a}chen und gilt im Vergleich zu anderen mitteleurop{\"a}ischen Baumarten als relativ gut angepasst an trockene Standorte mit lockeren B{\"o}den. Sie geh{\"o}rt zu den wenigen Baumarten Mitteleuropas, die zur biologischen Stickstoff-Fixierung (BNF) bef{\"a}higt sind. In dieser Studie soll der j{\"a}hrliche Eintrag von Stickstoff (N) aus der biologischen N-Fixierung der Robinie in Kurzumtriebsplantagen und Agroforstsystemen abgesch{\"a}tzt werden.}, language = {de} } @incollection{HuettlFluehlerGerkeetal., author = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Fl{\"u}hler, Hannes and Gerke, Horst H. and Maurer, Thomas and Schneider, Anna}, title = {Project C5 - Development of a structure and process model}, series = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, booktitle = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, editor = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid and Schulin, Rainer and Gerwin, Werner}, publisher = {BTU, Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB)}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {101 -- 110}, language = {en} } @incollection{HuettlSchulinSchneideretal., author = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Schulin, Rainer and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Felderer, Bernd}, title = {Project B1 - Spatio-temporary development of root growth, decay and exudation in the initial phase of the ecosystem genesis}, series = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, booktitle = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, editor = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid and Schulin, Rainer and Gerwin, Werner}, publisher = {BTU, Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB)}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {45 -- 49}, language = {en} } @incollection{KoegelKnabnerBensHuettletal., author = {K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid and Bens, Oliver and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Fischer, Thomas and D{\"u}mig, Alexander and Spr{\"o}te, Roland}, title = {Project A3 - Initial stages of humus development}, series = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, booktitle = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, editor = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid and Schulin, Rainer and Gerwin, Werner}, publisher = {BTU Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB)}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {25 -- 35}, language = {en} } @incollection{HuettlKoegelKnabnerSchulinetal., author = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid and Schulin, Rainer and Gerwin, Werner}, title = {Introduction}, series = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, booktitle = {Structures and processes of the initial ecosystem development phase in an artificial water catchment (Final report CRC/TR 38)}, editor = {H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and K{\"o}gel-Knabner, Ingrid and Schulin, Rainer and Gerwin, Werner}, publisher = {BTU, Forschungszentrum Landschaftsentwicklung und Bergbaulandschaften (FZLB)}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {1 -- 10}, language = {en} }