@misc{GerlingDrechslerKeuleretal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Keuler, Klaus and Leins, Johannes A. and Radtke, Kai and Schulz, Bj{\"o}rn and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Cost-effective conservation in the face of climate change: combining ecological-economic modelling and climate science for the cost-effective spatio-temporal allocation of conservation measures in agricultural landscapes}, series = {MPRA paper}, journal = {MPRA paper}, pages = {21}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingWaetzold, author = {Gerling, Charlotte and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {An economic evaluation framework for land-use-based conservation policy instruments in a changing climate}, series = {Conservation Biology}, volume = {35}, journal = {Conservation Biology}, number = {3}, issn = {1523-1739}, pages = {824 -- 833}, language = {de} } @misc{DrechslerGerlingKeuleretal., author = {Drechsler, Martin and Gerling, Charlotte and Keuler, Klaus and Leins, Johannes A. and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {A quantitative approach for the design of robust and cost-effective conservation policies under uncertain climate change: The case of grasshopper conservation in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany}, series = {Journal of Environmental Management}, volume = {296}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, issn = {1095-8630}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113201}, pages = {7}, language = {en} } @misc{DrechslerWaetzoldGrimm, author = {Drechsler, Martin and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Grimm, Volker}, title = {The hitchhiker's guide to generic ecological-economic modelling of land-use-based biodiversity conservation policies}, series = {Ecological Modelling}, volume = {465}, journal = {Ecological Modelling}, issn = {0304-3800}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109861}, pages = {22}, language = {en} } @misc{HeckerBirkhoferYangetal., author = {Hecker, Lutz Philip and Birkhofer, Klaus and Yang, Xueyan and Querhammer, Lisa and St{\"o}ckmann, Ina and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Insektenverluste durch den Einsatz von Konditionierern bei der Behandlung von M{\"a}hgut - {\"o}kologische und {\"o}konomische Aspekte}, series = {Natur und Landschaft. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege}, volume = {97}, journal = {Natur und Landschaft. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege}, number = {2}, issn = {0028-0615}, doi = {10.19217/NuL2022-02-03}, pages = {78 -- 84}, language = {de} } @techreport{KraehnertHottOsberghausetal., author = {Kr{\"a}hnert, Kati and Hott, Christian and Osberghaus, Daniel and Hecker, Lutz Philip and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Teklegiorgis Habtemariam, Lemlem and Fluhrer, Svenja}, title = {Versicherung von Klimarisiken - Zwischen privater Vorsorge und staatlicher Intervention : Hintergrundpapier zum 10. Forum Klima{\"o}konomie}, pages = {26}, language = {de} } @misc{HeckerWaetzoldYangetal., author = {Hecker, Lutz Philip and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Yang, Xueyan and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Squeeze it or leave it? An ecological-economic assessment of the impact of mower conditioners on arthropod populations in grassland}, series = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {26}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, number = {3}, issn = {1572-9753}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-022-00392-5}, pages = {463 -- 475}, abstract = {This study addresses the use of conditioners as a driver of arthropod loss in agricultural landscapes. Conditioners compress the freshly cut mowing material mechanically to destroy the evaporation-inhibiting wax layer of the grass material. This compression potentially increases the physical damage to several arthropod groups during the mowing process. We have combined an ecological field study on the impact of conditioners on arthropods at the plot level with an analysis of the economic rationale of applying conditioners in differently managed grasslands in the study region, in order to understand the impact of applying conditioners on the damage to arthropods at the landscape level. The use of conditioners in the mowing process significantly increased the overall percentage of damaged individuals by 18\% from 52\% without to 70\% with conditioner use. Aphids and plant lice, beetles, thrips and mites were most severely affected by additional damage. We also found that the use of conditioners takes place on substantially more than 20\% of all grasslands in the study region. Depending on the respective grassland area managed with conditioners in the future, grasslands could be losing an additional 4\% to 18\% of their overall arthropod numbers only due to the use of conditioners compared to a scenario without conditioners. As the damage due to the use of conditioners is presumably higher in extensively managed grasslands, and the profit of their use is higher in intensively managed grasslands, we suggest, as an implication for insect conservation, concentrating measures to disincentivise the use of conditioners on extensively managed grassland.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZimmermannHildmannKruberetal., author = {Zimmermann, Beate and Hildmann, Christian and Kruber, Sarah and Witt, Johanna Charlotte and Sturm, Astrid and Hecker, Lutz Philip and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Cost-effective measures for climate change adaptation in a drought-prone area in eastern Germany}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-4596}, language = {en} } @misc{SchoettkerWaetzold, author = {Sch{\"o}ttker, Oliver and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Climate Change and the Cost-Effective Governance Mode for Biodiversity Conservation}, series = {Environmental and Resource Economics}, journal = {Environmental and Resource Economics}, issn = {0924-6460}, doi = {10.1007/s10640-022-00684-z}, language = {en} } @techreport{ThonickeRahnerArnethetal., author = {Thonicke, Kirsten and Rahner, Eva and Arneth, Almut and Bartkowski, Bartosz and Bonn, Aletta and D{\"o}hler, Christian and Finger, Robert and Freitag, Jens and Grosch, Rita and Grossart, Hans-Peter and Gr{\"u}tzmacher, Kim and Hartman Scholz, Amber and H{\"a}user, Christoph and Hickler, Thomas and H{\"o}lker, Franz and J{\"a}hnig, Sonja C. and Jeschke, Jonathan and Kassen, Rees and Kastner, Thomas and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie and Krug, Cornelia and Lakner, Sebastian and Loft, Lasse and Matzdorf, Bettina and Meakins, Felicity and De Meester, Luc and Monaghan, Michael T. and M{\"u}ller, Daniel and Overmann, J{\"o}rg and Quaas, Martin and Radchuk, Viktoriia and Reyer, Christopher and Roos, Christian and Scholz, Imme and Schroer, Sibylle and Sioen, Giles Bruno and Sommer, Simone and Sommerwerk, Nike and Tockner, Klement and Turk, Zachary and Warner, Barbara and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Wende, Wolfgang and Veenstra, Tonjes and Voort, Hein van de}, title = {10 Must-Knows aus der Biodiversit{\"a}tsforschung}, publisher = {Potsdam-Institut f{\"u}r Klimafolgenforschung e.V. (PIK)}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6257476}, pages = {58}, language = {de} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerKeuleretal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Keuler, Klaus and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Time to consider the timing of conservation measures: designing cost-effective agri-environment schemes under climate change}, series = {MPRA paper}, journal = {MPRA paper}, pages = {38}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerKeuleretal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Keuler, Klaus and Leins, Johannes A. and Radtke, Kai and Schulz, Bj{\"o}rn and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Climate-ecological-economic modelling for the cost-effective spatiotemporal allocation of conservation measures in cultural landscapes facing climate change}, series = {Q Open}, volume = {2}, journal = {Q Open}, number = {1}, issn = {2633-9048}, doi = {10.1093/qopen/qoac004}, pages = {1 -- 20}, language = {en} } @misc{HeckerSturmQuerhammeretal., author = {Hecker, Lutz Philip and Sturm, Astrid and Querhammer, Lisa and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Cost Effectiveness of State-Dependent Versus State-Independent Agri-Environment Schemes for Biodiversity Conservation}, series = {SSRN eLibrary}, journal = {SSRN eLibrary}, issn = {1556-5068}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4291467}, pages = {1 -- 28}, language = {en} } @misc{HoeltingBusseBuelowetal., author = {H{\"o}lting, Lisanne and Busse, Maria and B{\"u}low, Stefanie and Engler, Jan O. and Hagemann, Nina and Joormann, Ineke and Kernecker, Maria Lee and Larondelle, Neele and Sturm, Astrid and Turkelboom, Francis and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Cord, Anna F.}, title = {Co-design: Working with farmers in Europe to halt the loss of biological diversity}, series = {Ecological Solutions and Evidence}, volume = {3}, journal = {Ecological Solutions and Evidence}, number = {3}, issn = {2688-8319}, doi = {10.1002/2688-8319.12169}, language = {en} } @misc{SturmWaetzoldQuerhammeretal., author = {Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Querhammer, Lisa and Westphal, Luise}, title = {A DSS based on ecological-economic modelling to facilitate the implementation of biodiversity offsets and agri-environment schemes in grasslands}, series = {42. GIL-Jahrestagung K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in der Agrar- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft}, journal = {42. GIL-Jahrestagung K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz in der Agrar- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik e.V.}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88579-711-1}, issn = {1617-5468}, pages = {283 -- 288}, language = {en} } @misc{Waetzold, author = {W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {{\"O}konomische Aspekte des proaktiven Feldhamsterschutzes}, series = {Feldhamster heute - morgen - {\"u}bermorgen}, journal = {Feldhamster heute - morgen - {\"u}bermorgen}, address = {Landschaftspflegeverband "Mittelth{\"u}ringen" e.V.}, pages = {75 -- 79}, language = {de} } @misc{SturmSchoettkerKadiretal., author = {Sturm, Astrid and Sch{\"o}ttker, Oliver and Kadir, Karmand and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {SMIBe - Concept of a software-based multilevel information system for authorities to support digitalization and evaluation of grazing-related AES}, series = {MPRA Paper}, journal = {MPRA Paper}, pages = {6}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingSturmWaetzoldetal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Keuler, Klaus and Radtke, Kai and Drechsler, Martin and Leins, Johannes A.}, title = {{\"O}konomie der Klimaanpassung zum Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt ; Postervorstellung : BfN Statuskonferenz "Biodiversit{\"a}t und Klimawandel - Synergien erforschen" in Berlin, 7.12.2023}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.16540.97923}, pages = {2}, language = {de} } @misc{HeckerSturmQuerhammeretal., author = {Hecker, Lutz Philip and Sturm, Astrid and Querhammer, Lisa and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Cost-effectiveness of state-dependent versus state-independent agri-environment schemes for biodiversity conservation}, series = {Ecological Economics}, volume = {217}, journal = {Ecological Economics}, issn = {0921-8009}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.108088}, language = {en} } @misc{SchoettkerSturmWaetzold, author = {Sch{\"o}ttker, Oliver and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Virtuelles Z{\"a}unen und {\"o}kologische Wirkungen von Weidebewirtschaftung: Prototyp einer App zur Information der {\"O}ffentlichkeit}, series = {Informatik in der Land-, Forst- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft : Fokus: Biodiversit{\"a}t f{\"o}rdern durch digitale Landwirtschaft: Welchen Beitrag leisten KI und Co?}, journal = {Informatik in der Land-, Forst- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft : Fokus: Biodiversit{\"a}t f{\"o}rdern durch digitale Landwirtschaft: Welchen Beitrag leisten KI und Co?}, editor = {Hoffmann, Christa and Stein, Anthony and Gallmann, Eva and D{\"o}rr, J{\"o}rg and Krupitzer, Christian and Floto, Helga}, address = {Stuttgart-Hohenheim}, isbn = {978-3-88579-738-8}, issn = {1617-5468}, pages = {401 -- 406}, language = {de} } @misc{SturmSchoettkerKadiretal., author = {Sturm, Astrid and Sch{\"o}ttker, Oliver and Kadir, Karmand and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {SMI : Softwarebasierte Mehrebenen-Informationssysteme zur Optimierung und Monitoring von {\"o}kologisch und agronomisch nachhaltigen Beweidungssystemen}, series = {Internationale Weidetagung : Weidehaltung auf Gunststandorten zukunftsf{\"a}hig gestalten 14. und 15.5.24 in Ravensburg : Tagungsband}, journal = {Internationale Weidetagung : Weidehaltung auf Gunststandorten zukunftsf{\"a}hig gestalten 14. und 15.5.24 in Ravensburg : Tagungsband}, pages = {71 -- 78}, language = {de} } @misc{SturmSchoettkerKadiretal., author = {Sturm, Astrid and Sch{\"o}ttker, Oliver and Kadir, Karmand and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Wann, wo und wie? Ein softwarebasiertes Mehrebenen-Informationssystem zur Optimierung von Beweidungssystemen}, series = {Informatik in der Land-, Forst- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft : Referate der 43. GIL-Jahrestagung 13.-14. Februar 2023 Osnabr{\"u}ck}, journal = {Informatik in der Land-, Forst- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft : Referate der 43. GIL-Jahrestagung 13.-14. Februar 2023 Osnabr{\"u}ck}, editor = {Hoffmann, Christa}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88579-724-1}, pages = {519 -- 524}, language = {de} } @misc{ManhiqueWaetzold, author = {Manhique, Henrique and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Effects of Institutional Setting on Value Estimates of Stated Preference Surveys in Developing Economies: A Discrete Choice Experiment on Conserving Biodiversity in The Cape Floristic Region}, series = {MPRA paper}, journal = {MPRA paper}, pages = {33}, language = {en} } @misc{BeckerFarjaGreenfeldetal., author = {Becker, Nir and Farja, Vanay and Greenfeld, Asael and Markova-Nenova, Nonka and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {A blueprint for addressing conflicts between ecotourism and farming from an economic perspective: The case of wintering crane conservation in the Hula Valley in Israel}, series = {Ecological Economics}, volume = {209}, journal = {Ecological Economics}, issn = {1873-6106}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.107824}, language = {en} } @misc{MarkovaNenovaWaetzoldSturm, author = {Markova-Nenova, Nonka and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Sturm, Astrid}, title = {Optimizing agri-environment schemes for cost-effectiveness, fairness or both?}, series = {Q Open : a journal of agricultural, climate, environmental, food, resource, and rural development economics}, volume = {3}, journal = {Q Open : a journal of agricultural, climate, environmental, food, resource, and rural development economics}, number = {1}, issn = {2633-9048}, doi = {10.1093/qopen/qoad005}, pages = {22}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerLeinsetal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Leins, Johannes A. and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Cost-Effective Policy Instruments for Biodiversity Conservation Under Climate Change - the Need for Flexibility}, series = {SSRN eLibrary}, journal = {SSRN eLibrary}, issn = {1556-5068}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4617809}, pages = {1 -- 60}, language = {en} } @misc{ConteHansenHortonetal., author = {Conte, Marc N. and Hansen, Kristiana and Horton, Kyle and Ritten, Chian Jones and Palm-Forster, Leah H. and Shogren, Jason F. and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Wyckoff, Teal and Albers, Heidi J.}, title = {A framework for evaluating mechanisms to support seasonal migratory species}, series = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy}, volume = {17}, journal = {Review of Environmental Economics and Policy}, number = {1}, issn = {1750-6816}, doi = {10.1086/724032}, pages = {132 -- 151}, language = {en} } @misc{MarkovaNenovaEnglerCordetal., author = {Markova-Nenova, Nonka and Engler, Jan O. and Cord, Anna F. and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Will passive acoustic monitoring make result-based payments more attractive? A cost comparison with human observation for farmland bird monitoring}, series = {Conservation Science and Practice}, volume = {5}, journal = {Conservation Science and Practice}, number = {9}, issn = {2578-4854}, doi = {10.1111/csp2.13003}, language = {en} } @misc{HaoWaetzoldSturm, author = {Hao, Zhengzheng and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Sturm, Astrid}, title = {A Spatially Explicit Hydro-Economic Modeling Procedure to Design Cost-Effective Agri-Environment Schemes for Mitigating Water Pollution from Cropland}, series = {Water Economics and Policy}, volume = {9}, journal = {Water Economics and Policy}, number = {3}, issn = {2382-624X}, doi = {10.1142/S2382624X23400118}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerKeuleretal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Keuler, Klaus and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Time to consider the timing of conservation measures: Designing cost-effective agri-environment schemes under climate change}, series = {Agricultural and Resource Economics Review}, volume = {52}, journal = {Agricultural and Resource Economics Review}, number = {2}, issn = {2372-2614}, doi = {10.1017/age.2023.4}, pages = {231 -- 249}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerKeuleretal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Keuler, Klaus and Leins, Johannes and Schulz, Bj{\"o}rn and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Effektivit{\"a}t und Kosteneffizienz von Artenschutzmaßnahmen unter Klimawandel - das Beispiel der Sumpfschrecke (Stethophyma grossum) in Schleswig-Holstein}, series = {Natur und Landschaft}, volume = {100. Jahrgang 2025}, journal = {Natur und Landschaft}, number = {1}, isbn = {0028-0615-202501}, pages = {2 -- 8}, language = {de} } @misc{HagemannGerlingHoeltingetal., author = {Hagemann, Nina and Gerling, Charlotte and H{\"o}lting, Lisanne and Kernecker, Maria and Markova-Nenova, Nonka N. and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Wendler, Julian and Cord, Anna F.}, title = {Improving result-based schemes for nature conservation in agricultural landscapes - challenges and best practices from selected European countries}, series = {Regional Environmental Change}, volume = {25 (2025)}, journal = {Regional Environmental Change}, publisher = {Springer}, doi = {10.1007/s10113-024-02324-2}, pages = {1 -- 15}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingWaetzold, author = {Gerling, Charlotte and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Citizens Support Expansion of Ground-Mounted Photovoltaics for Climate Mitigation, But Local Benefits for Biodiversity and People Matter}, publisher = {SSRN}, doi = {10.2139/ssrn.5068966}, language = {en} } @misc{LutzPhilipFrankAstrid, author = {Lutz Philip, Hecker and Frank, W{\"a}tzold and Astrid, Sturm}, title = {Keep cool in a changing climate : an integrated modelling procedure for costeffective mitigation of rising temperatures in rural landscapes}, series = {Climate Change : An Interdisciplinary, International Journal Devoted to the Description, Causes and Implications of Climatic Change}, volume = {178}, journal = {Climate Change : An Interdisciplinary, International Journal Devoted to the Description, Causes and Implications of Climatic Change}, number = {101}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, issn = {1573-1480}, doi = {10.1007/s10584-025-03929-0}, pages = {1 -- 22}, abstract = {Rising temperatures may negatively impact rural landscapes in temperate climates due to reduced yields in agriculture and forestry, an increased risk of biodiversity loss, changes in the local climate and a decrease in recreational value. One promising way to mitigate increasing land surface temperatures (LST) in rural landscapes is to implement land-use and land-cover changes as adaptation measures that retain precipitation in soils, water bodies, and groundwater to allow vegetation to evaporate more water to reduce LST in summer. We develop an integrated modelling procedure to identify cost-effective spatially differentiated adaptation measures in agriculture and forestry to mitigate LST increases. We define cost-effective adaptation in a landscape as maximizing LST mitigation for given costs. The procedure combines the results of a model that predicts the spatially differentiated effects of adaptation measures on LST with the results of an economic model that estimates the respective spatially differentiated costs in an optimisation algorithm. We demonstrate how the procedure works by applying it to the Elbe-Elster-county in Germany. We find that a substantial share of results can only be explained by considering spatially differentiated costs and mitigation impacts and not average values showing the importance of taking into account costs and impacts of measures in a spatially differentiated manner. We also compare results from our integrated modelling procedure with a (purely natural science) approach that selects those adaptation measures first which perform best in terms of LST mitigation and find that our approach leads to a better heat mitigation effect by a factor of 3.5 - 4.8.}, language = {en} } @misc{ManhiqueWaetzold, author = {Manhique, Henrique and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Who should control the provider of ecosystem services in buyer-driven governance? : a choice experiment on orchards in Germany}, series = {Ecosystem services}, volume = {74}, journal = {Ecosystem services}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2212-0416}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2025.101749}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Buyer-driven governance arrangements have emerged as a promising innovative approach to mitigate the degradation of ecosystem services (ES) in agricultural landscapes. In such arrangements, ES buyers, such as consumers, support ES provision by remunerating farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices through market-based mechanisms, such as price premiums for (certified) sustainably produced products. In this context, effective compliance enforcement is essential, as it assures ES buyers that the services are delivered in accordance with agreed guidelines. Consequently, the level of trust ES buyers place in the organisation responsible for enforcing compliance is critical. We applied a discrete choice experiment to investigate ES buyers' preferences for the organisation responsible for compliance enforcement for sustainably produced agricultural products. The survey used conventionally managed apple orchards in Germany as a case study and focused on the implementation of ES measures (flower strips, hedgerows, flower strips plus hedgerows, and mechanical weed control instead of chemical control) to support regulating (biological pest control and pollination), cultural (enhancement of landscape aesthetics), and provisioning ES (production of marketable fruits). To elicit preferences regarding compliance enforcement, the survey included four organisations: a state agency, a farmers' association, a conservation NGO, and a representative body - composed of relevant societal actors collectively responsible for implementing compliance enforcement. The survey included a representative sample of 901 ES buyers (apple consumers) drawn from the German population. We find that most ES buyers trust conservation NGO, representative body, and farmers' association, while less than half trust state agency; furthermore, ES buyers are willing to pay a substantially higher premium when a trusted organisation is enforcing compliance. Regarding ES measures, we find that ES buyers are willing to pay price premiums for all measures supporting ES provision, with higher premiums for mechanical weed control and the combination flower strips plus hedgerows.}, language = {en} } @misc{MenaresBarrazaMarkovaNenovaSturmetal., author = {Menares-Barraza, Esteban and Markova-Nenova, Nonka and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Cost-effective conservation of multiple goals in grasslands : synergies and trade-offs}, series = {Biological conservation}, volume = {311}, journal = {Biological conservation}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0006-3207}, doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111401}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {Permanent grasslands in Europe are essential for biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services, but are increasingly threatened by land-use intensification. In the past, grassland conservation has mainly focused on "traditional" conservation goals such as species richness and endangered species, but has rarely considered alternative goals that address trophic interactions, ecosystem services, or ecosystem resilience. Using data from the research platform Biodiversity Exploratories, we adapted an existing optimization procedure to optimize single and joint conservation goals for butterfly and plant communities in grasslands in two regions in Germany. For all grassland sites, we assessed the costs associated with each management measure and the ecological state measured by multiple attributes. For each region, we ran three optimizations: one ecological (budget-unconstrained), and two cost-effectiveness optimizations with a low and a medium budget (budget-constrained). We compared selected grassland management measures, their costs, and ecological effects for different goals between optimizations and between different goals within the same optimization. Cost-effectiveness optimization can achieve high levels of conservation goals with low budgets, reaching up to 80\% of the maximum achievable in the ecological optimizations while requiring only 30\% of the budget. Trade-offs with other goals were inevitable but were minimized by jointly optimizing over multiple goals. Optimization results and trade-offs varied between regions, highlighting the need to design and implement region-specific management measures. Our study shows that promoting multiple conservation goals simultaneously across taxonomic boundaries is an ecologically and economically viable option.}, language = {en} } @misc{ManhiqueAddisonHermanusvanGinkelBekkeretal., author = {Manhique, Henrique and Addison, Pia and Hermanus van Ginkel Bekker, Gerard Francois and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Cost-effective fruit fly (Tephritidae) management measures to facilitate export of South Africa's deciduous fruit : area-wide or field-by-field?}, series = {Research square}, journal = {Research square}, publisher = {Research Square}, address = {Durham, NC}, issn = {2693-5015}, doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-7300626/v1}, pages = {1 -- 28}, abstract = {Fruit flies (Tephritidae) are major pests worldwide, contributing to significant damage of fruit and vegetable crops, as well as causing quarantine issues with export produce. This paper analyses the cost-effectiveness of two approaches to manage economically-significant fruit fly pest of deciduous fruits in South Africa, namely, area-wide (AW) and field-by-field (FF) integrated pest management (IPM), to facilitate South African deciduous fruit exports to the EU market. Cost-effectiveness addresses the following question: which pest management approach is able to achieve the goal of exporting fruits to the EU in terms of pest control at lower costs? We develop a costing framework to compare the costs of the two pest management approaches and apply it to production areas implementing AW-IPM and FF-IPM in the Western Cape province, South Africa. Our results indicate that given the existing situation in South Africa, the costs of AW-IPM are substantially lower than the costs of FF-IPM.}, language = {en} } @misc{ManhiqueWaetzold, author = {Manhique, Henrique and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Cost-benefit analysis of implementing flower strips and hedgerows in agricultural landscapes : a case study of conventional and organic apple orchards in eastern Germany}, series = {Research square}, journal = {Research square}, publisher = {Research Square}, address = {Durham, NC}, doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-7516753/v1}, pages = {1 -- 21}, abstract = {The simplification of agricultural landscapes has led to losses of biodiversity and the degradation of key ecosystem services, including pollination and natural pest control. Landscape features such as flower strips and hedgerows have been proposed to address these challenges, yet little research has addressed their economic viability. This study employs cost-benefit analysis over a 20-year period in apple orchards under conventional and organic integrated pest management systems in Eastern Germany as a case study to evaluate private and social benefits (including pollination, natural pest control, biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, and avoided human health costs) - and costs (for installation, management, and foregone agricultural land-use) of implementing flower strips and hedgerows. The results show that private net benefits for farmers are mostly negative, indicating limited incentives for adoption. In contrast, social net benefits are consistently positive in all scenarios. We conclude that mechanisms such as agri-environmental schemes and trustworthy labelling schemes are important to promote implementation thus bridging the gap between private and social interests.}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerLeinsetal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Leins, Johannes A. and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Cost-effective instruments for biodiversity conservation under climate change - the need for flexibility}, series = {Ecological economics}, volume = {227}, journal = {Ecological economics}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0921-8009}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108414}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {Climate change is one of the main threats for biodiversity. As it affects the ecological and economic system, conservation costs and impacts may change in a heterogeneous manner. This implies that cost-effective conservation sites and measures may no longer be so in the future. We investigate spatial flexibility (to adapt the location of conservation sites) and management flexibility (to adapt the conservation measures on those sites) as novel criteria for analysing the cost-effectiveness of policy instruments to conserve biodiversity under climate change. We develop a generic climate-ecological-economic modelling approach that captures the role of spatial and management flexibility to assess the cost-effectiveness of policy instruments. We apply the modelling approach to the conservation of an indicator species in agricultural grasslands in a case study area in Northern Germany, and compare the cost-effectiveness of the policy instruments of land purchase (low spatial flexibility, high management flexibility) and long-term individual conservation contracts (medium spatial and management flexibility) considering a period from 2020 to 2079. We find that both spatial and management flexibility matter in the case study and discuss their broader relevance for conservation in a changing climate.}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerKadiretal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Kadir, Karmand and Kahlau, Bojan and Leins, Johannes and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {ClimeHop : an interactive app for teaching cost-effective biodiversity conservation under climate change}, series = {The journal of economic education}, volume = {56}, journal = {The journal of economic education}, number = {2}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis}, address = {Abingdon, Oxon}, issn = {2152-4068}, doi = {10.1080/00220485.2025.2461066}, pages = {202 -- 203}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferWaetzoldRemelgadoetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Remelgado, Ruben and Addison, Pia and Aigbedion-Atalor, Pascal and Cord, Anna F. and Ekesi, Sunday and Mutamiswa, Reyard and Rwomushana, Ivan}, title = {A framework for multidimensional management of invasive alien insect pests in sub-Saharan Africa}, series = {Journal of applied entomology}, journal = {Journal of applied entomology}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0931-2048}, doi = {10.1111/jen.70060}, pages = {1 -- 10}, abstract = {Invasive alien insect pests pose a significant threat to achieving sustainable food systems in sub-Saharan Africa, where reliance on synthetic pesticides has led to unsustainable practices due to high costs and health and environmental risks. This article presents a multidimensional framework for managing invasive alien insect pests in sub-Saharan Africa, specifically directed at researchers, policymakers, non-governmental organisations and other institutions responsible for invasive pest management as well as extension services for farmers. Invasive pests, such as the Oriental fruit fly and the fall armyworm, and a highly damaging native species for comparison are central to the framework. The framework considers the environmental, socio-economic, and regulatory dimensions of pest management decisions. It reviews different control strategies used against invasive alien pests, highlighting their limitations and environmental impacts. By considering farmer characteristics, institutional support, market demands, and regulatory policies, the article emphasises the need for integrated pest management approaches. The aim is to contribute to the development of sustainable, effective pest management strategies that will ensure long-term agricultural productivity and food security in sub-Saharan Africa.}, language = {en} } @misc{NusirAlAssafGerlingetal., author = {Nusir, Mai and Al-Assaf, Amani and Gerling, Charlotte and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {'It's our water now' : why informal institutions and tribalism matter in the success of water user associations in Jordan Valley}, series = {International journal of water resources development}, journal = {International journal of water resources development}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1360-0648}, doi = {10.1080/07900627.2026.2643206}, pages = {1 -- 21}, abstract = {Jordan, among the world's most water-scarce countries, faces severe irrigation challenges in Jordan Valley (JV), its primary agricultural hub. We examine the successful establishment of Water Users Associations (WUA) in JV, focusing on how unwritten social norms, values, and social networks - known as informal institutions - affected and shaped this process. Employing qualitative methods and a customized institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework, we analyse how historical experiences and tribalism influenced institutional change. We find that integrating tribal values, such as collective responsibility, into the WUA implementation process played a pivotal role in their successful establishment.}, language = {en} }