@misc{BoenteUrbigLombardoetal., author = {B{\"o}nte, Werner and Urbig, Diemo and Lombardo, Sandro and Procher, Vivien D.}, title = {If you cant´t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen: Perceived inten-sity of competition and entreprenurial entry}, series = {G-Forum Konferenz 2019: 23. Interdisziplin{\"a}re Jahreskonferenz zu Entrepreneurship, Innovation und Mittelstand „Die Chancen von KMU in einer globalisierten Welt"}, volume = {23}, journal = {G-Forum Konferenz 2019: 23. Interdisziplin{\"a}re Jahreskonferenz zu Entrepreneurship, Innovation und Mittelstand „Die Chancen von KMU in einer globalisierten Welt"}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Previous research examining the link between individuals' preferences for competition and occupational choice has not taken explicitly into account how the level of competition in various occupations is perceived by individuals. In contrast, we argue that individuals' perception of intensity of competition is of key importance for linking theoretically and empirically individual competitiveness to occupational choice, particularly entrepreneurial entry. Using two datasets, one obtained from a student sample and the other from a general population sample, we provide empirical evidence that the relationship between individual competitiveness and occupational choice is moderated by perceived intensity of competition. Moreover, entrepreneurship is, on average, perceived as more competitively intense than paid employment in both samples implying that individuals shying away from competition and at the same time perceive particularly entrepreneurship as competitively intense are more likely to select into paid employment than into entrepreneurship.}, language = {en} } @misc{KleinUrbig, author = {Klein, Sarah and Urbig, Diemo}, title = {Should I stay or should I go? Die Rolle von Hoffnung in Jobwechseldynamiken}, series = {Krisen meistern, Ressourcen aufbauen, Nachhaltigkeit st{\"a}rken. Abstracts zur 26. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r angewandte Wirtschaftspsychologie (GWPs)}, journal = {Krisen meistern, Ressourcen aufbauen, Nachhaltigkeit st{\"a}rken. Abstracts zur 26. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft f{\"u}r angewandte Wirtschaftspsychologie (GWPs)}, editor = {Sachse, Katharina and Kurzenh{\"a}user-Carstens, Stephanie}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich/Westfalen}, isbn = {978-3-95853-834-4}, pages = {S. 33}, abstract = {Theoretischer Hintergrund: Hoffnung wirkt als motivationaler Mechanismus auf Handlungsintentionen in Krisensituationen und Situationen unter Unsicherheit (Krafft \& Walker, 2018). Obwohl sich Hoffnung in den vergangenen Jahren als wichtige psychologische Ressource f{\"u}r pers{\"o}nliche Leistung und Zielerreichung in der Forschung etabliert hat, gibt es wenige Studien zum Einfluss auf berufsbezogene Entscheidungen. Diese zeigen jedoch Beziehungen zu wichtigen berufsbezogenen Variablen wie Jobzufriedenheit und Jobwechselabsicht (Reichard et al., 2013). Fragestellung/Hypothesen: {\"U}ber bekannte Effekte hinaus untersucht diese Studie den Einfluss von dispositioneller Hoffnung auf Jobwechseldynamiken. Wir betrachten Hoffnung als kontextunspezifischen, mehrdimensionalen Faktor, bestehend aus internaler selbstbezogener Hoffnung (Snyder, 2002) und ex ternaler Hoffnung auf einflussreiche Dritte sowie Zufall oder Schicksal (Bernardo, 2010). Wir hypothetisieren, dass insbesondere internale Hoffnung Jobwechselprozesse beeinflusst und den negativen Zusammenhang von Jobzufriedenheit und Jobwechselabsicht verst{\"a}rkend moderiert. Methodik/Ergebnisse: Die Hypothesen werden mittels Regressionsanalysen an einer Stichprobe von N=826 Berufst{\"a}tigen gepr{\"u}ft. Internale Hoffnung korreliert negativ mit aktuellen Jobwechselabsichten, unter Kontrolle f{\"u}r Jobzufriedenheit wird dieser Zusammenhang positiv. Wir best{\"a}tigen den verst{\"a}rkenden Effekt internaler Hoffnung auf den negativen Zusammenhang von Jobzufriedenheit und Jobwechselabsicht. Die Effekte sind robust, wenn f{\"u}r dispositionellen Optimismus als Alternativerkl{\"a}rung kontrolliert wird. Internale Hoffnung ist zudem positiv mit fr{\"u}heren Jobwechseln sowie aktueller Jobzufriedenheit assoziiert. Diskussion/Implikationen: Unsere Studie leistet einen Beitrag zur Hoffnungsforschung im betrieblichen Kontext und belegt den Einfluss von Hoffnung auf Jobwechselprozesse. Eine divergente Wirkung von Hoffnung wird durch die Verst{\"a}rkung von Jobwechselabsichten unter Jobunzufriedenheit gezeigt, bei gleichzeitiger Assoziation mit Jobzufriedenheit. Hoffnung sollte als personalpsychologischer Wirkmechanismus st{\"a}rker in den Mittelpunkt innerbetrieblicher Maßnahmen ger{\"u}ckt werden, um diesen gezielt im Personalmanagement einzusetzen.}, language = {en} } @misc{HermannsUrbigBlocketal., author = {Hermanns, Thomas and Urbig, Diemo and Block, J{\"o}rn and Muehlfeld, Katrin}, title = {Economic adjustment strategies of self-employed individuals during essential crises: The case of complementary paid jobs}, series = {39th EGOS Colloquium. Organizing for the good life: Between legacy and imagination, University of Cagliari July 6-8, 2023, Cagliari, Italy}, journal = {39th EGOS Colloquium. Organizing for the good life: Between legacy and imagination, University of Cagliari July 6-8, 2023, Cagliari, Italy}, abstract = {Research on entrepreneurs combining their own start-ups with wage work—often referred to as hybrid or part-time entrepreneurship—has primarily focused on employees (temporarily) retaining their wage jobs while (gradually) transitioning into entrepreneurship. During crises, however, entrepreneurs seeking to ensure survival of their existing ventures may strive to supplement self-employment with entry into wage jobs. Specifically, we hypothesize that such crisis-coping may facilitate venture survival through two separate pathways, an income-portfolio-driven one and one geared towards business model testing. The latter effect is contingent upon the degree of uncertainty regarding the business model change. We test these hypotheses empirically against the backdrop of the Covid-19 crisis using a sample of more than 10.000 German self-employed individuals. The results largely support our hypotheses and overall offer interesting implications for both future research as well as policymakers seeking to support small businesses during crisis periods.}, language = {en} } @misc{ReifGegenhuberUrbigetal., author = {Reif, Karina and Gegenhuber, Thomas Karl and Urbig, Diemo and B{\"u}rger, Robin}, title = {A Lost Cause? A Process Perspective on How Outsiders Overcome Stigmatization}, series = {Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings}, volume = {2022}, journal = {Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings}, number = {1}, publisher = {Academy of Management}, issn = {0065-0668}, doi = {10.5465/AMBPP.2022.14592abstract}, abstract = {While we have a great deal of scholarship on legitimacy, our understanding of how stigmatized actors seek to (re-)gain legitimacy remains quite limited. We seek to enhance our understanding of such processes through a qualitative, in-depth case study of a radical soccer fan community that, when faced an identity-threatening event, launched a crowdfunding campaign that ultimately succeeded in enhancing their legitimacy for their cause and enabling them to have a voice in a central strategic decision on the redesign of their club's soccer stadium. We leverage this case to develop a model on how stigmatized groups might be able to enhance their legitimacy in the eyes of certain audiences. We show that first, the crowdfunding campaign created a digital and temporal space allowing them to disassociate stigmatized and associate legitimate elements (i.e. artifact-based affiliation). Second, we theorize how various association tactics were drawn upon over time, facilitating an interrelated set of dynamics between what we label manual and forced association. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our study for future research on legitimation processes related to stigmatized groups.}, language = {en} } @misc{WilliamsWoodMitchelletal., author = {Williams, David W. and Wood, Matthew S. and Mitchell, J. Robert and Urbig, Diemo}, title = {Applying experimental methods to advance entrepreneurship research: On the need for and publication of experiments}, series = {Journal of Business Venturing}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of Business Venturing}, number = {2}, issn = {0883-9026}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.12.003}, pages = {215 -- 223}, abstract = {Applying experimental methods to advance entrepreneurship research: On the need for and publication of experiments}, language = {en} } @misc{SchossUrbigBretteletal., author = {Schoss, Stephanie and Urbig, Diemo and Brettel, Malte and Mauer, Ren{\´e}}, title = {Deep-level diversity in entrepreneurial teams and the mediating role of conflicts on teamefficacy and satisfaction}, series = {International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal}, volume = {18}, journal = {International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal}, number = {3}, issn = {1555-1938}, doi = {10.1007/s11365-020-00654-1}, pages = {1173 -- 1203}, abstract = {Team start-ups have substantial advantages over solo start-ups, but teams often do not live up to their potential due to conflicts creating unfavorable team dynamics. Based on an experiment with 665 individuals in 133 randomly composed teams participating in a new-venture simulation, we found team members' deep-level characteristics that trigger motivations to act, i.e., achievement motivation and leadership orientations, to be particularly important sources of task conflicts. We found that diversity in leadership orientation reduces conflicts because not all team members can lead at the same time. Unlike hypothesized, we found that diversity in achievement motivation also reduces conflicts, for which, ex-post, we explore potential reasons. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the mediating task and relationship conflicts differently affect team outcomes due to their different nature of task-relatedness: while task conflicts affect task-related team efficacy and may escalate into relationship conflicts, relationship conflicts directly affect team satisfaction, but not team efficacy. Further emphasizing the importance of a motivational basis of conflicts, we found that individuals' general self-efficacy, a more belief-related construct, affects team outcomes only through team efficacy, but not via conflicts.}, language = {en} } @misc{UrbigBoenteProcheretal., author = {Urbig, Diemo and B{\"o}nte, Werner and Procher, Vivien D. and Lombardo, Sandro}, title = {Entrepreneurs embrace competition: evidence from a lab-in-the-field study}, series = {Small Business Economics}, volume = {55}, journal = {Small Business Economics}, issn = {0921-898X}, doi = {10.1007/s11187-019-00141-0}, pages = {193 -- 214}, abstract = {Referring to Isreal M. Kirzner (1973) and Schumpeter (1934), who emphasized the competitive nature of entrepreneurship, this study investigates whether potential and revealed entrepreneurs are more likely to seek competition than non-entrepreneurs. We provide a conceptual framework that links entrepreneurship to three facets of individual competitiveness drawn from economic, entrepreneurship, and psychological research: a desire to win, striving for personal development, and an enjoyment of competition. Following economic research linking competitive behavior in experiments to career choices, we conduct a lab-in-the-field study and demonstrate that entrepreneurs are more likely to enter competitions than non-entrepreneurs. Accounting for individual desires to win and mastery-related achievement motivations, our results indicate that entrepreneurs tend to enter competition for the sake of competition itself rather than for the prospect of winning it or personal development. Our results suggest that enjoyment of competition might be an additional factor driving entrepreneurs' market entry decisions beyond well-known factors like overconfidence and risk-taking.}, language = {en} } @misc{GargalianouUrbigWitteloostuijn, author = {Gargalianou, Vasiliki and Urbig, Diemo and Witteloostuijn, Arjen van}, title = {Cooperating or competing in three languages: Cultural accommodation or alienation?}, series = {Cross-Cultural \& Strategic Management}, volume = {24}, journal = {Cross-Cultural \& Strategic Management}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1108/CCSM-01-2016-0008}, pages = {167 -- 191}, abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of using foreign languages on cooperative behavior in a prisoner's dilemma setting. The cultural accommodation hypothesis suggests that people are less cooperative in English, associated with the Anglophone cultural cluster, than in French, which is - as is Belgium - associated with the more cooperative Latin European cultural cluster. Design/methodology/approach: Choices are framed as pricing strategies in the context of duopolistic competition. In total, 422 Flemish-Belgium participants with English and French as foreign and Dutch as their native language played in one of three language treatments. Findings: While the authors observe differences between the native and both foreign languages, which are moderated by gender, the authors do not find any difference in effects between the two foreign languages that are associated with different cultures. Extending cultural accommodation arguments, the data suggests an effect specific to the use of the two selected foreign languages. Originality/value The authors contribute to this literature by reporting an experimental test of cultural accommodation and alienation effects related to two foreign languages. The authors explore novel arguments, related to cognitive psychology and gender effects.}, language = {en} } @misc{UrbigMuehlfeldProcheretal., author = {Urbig, Diemo and M{\"u}hlfeld, Katrin and Procher, Vivien D. and Witteloostuijn, Arjen van}, title = {Strategic decision-making in a global context: The comprehension effect of foreign language use on cooperation}, series = {Management International Review}, volume = {60}, journal = {Management International Review}, issn = {0938-8249}, doi = {10.1007/s11575-020-00412-z}, pages = {351 -- 385}, abstract = {With increasing globalization comes an increasing number of people communicating in foreign languages when making strategic decisions. We develop a theoretical model in which comprehension constitutes an essential mediator for the effects of using a foreign language on cooperation in global business contexts. To resolve conceptual ambiguities, we separate information processing leading to comprehension from decision-making employing the previously comprehended information. For the first step, we demonstrate how using a foreign language can, depending on individuals' foreign language proficiencies, trigger both lower and higher comprehension. Variation in comprehension is, as a second step and independent of its cause, negatively associated with individuals' tendencies to cooperate. Our experimental results support our theorizing. This study provides new micro-foundations for strategic decision-making and discusses unreliable cooperation as a potentially destructive managerial group dynamic within foreign language contexts.}, language = {en} } @misc{BoenteProcherUrbigetal., author = {B{\"o}nte, Werner and Procher, Vivien D. and Urbig, Diemo and Voracek, Martin}, title = {Digit Ratio (2D:4D) predicts self-reported measures of general competitiveness, but not behavior in economic experiments}, series = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience}, issn = {1662-5153}, doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00238}, abstract = {The ratio of index finger length to ring finger length (2D:4D) is considered to be a putative biomarker of prenatal androgen exposure (PAE), with previous research suggesting that 2D:4D is associated with human behaviors, especially sex-typical behaviors. This study empirically examines the relationship between 2D:4D and individual competitiveness, a behavioral trait that is found to be sexually dimorphic. We employ two related, but distinct, measures of competitiveness, namely behavioral measures obtained from economic experiments and psychometric self-reported measures. Our analyses are based on two independent data sets obtained from surveys and economic experiments with 461 visitors of a shopping mall (Study I) and 617 university students (Study II). The correlation between behavior in the economic experiment and digit ratios of both hands is not statistically significant in either study. In contrast, we find a negative and statistically significant relationship between psychometric self-reported measures of competitiveness and right hand digit ratios (R2D:4D) in both studies. This relationship is especially strong for younger people. Hence, this study provides some robust empirical evidence for a negative association between R2D:4D and self-reported competitiveness. We discuss potential reasons why digit ratio may relate differently to behaviors in specific economics experiments and to self-reported general competitiveness.}, language = {en} }