@misc{HoffmannTschornMichalskietal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Tschorn, Mira and Michalski, Niels and Hoebel, Jens and F{\"o}rstner, Bernd R. and Rapp, Michael A. and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Association of regional socioeconomic deprivation and rurality with global developmental delay in early childhood: Data from mandatory school entry examinations in Germany}, series = {Health \& Place}, volume = {75}, journal = {Health \& Place}, issn = {1353-8292}, doi = {10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102794}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Background From birth to young adulthood, health and development of young people are strongly linked to their living situation, including their family's socioeconomic position (SEP) and living environment. The impact of regional characteristics on development in early childhood beyond family SEP has been rarely investigated. This study aimed to identify regional predictors of global developmental delay at school entry taking family SEP into consideration. Method We used representative, population-based data from mandatory school entry examinations of the German federal state of Brandenburg in 2018/2019 with n=22,801 preschool children. By applying binary multilevel models, we hierarchically analyzed the effect of regional deprivation defined by the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD) and rurality operationalized as inverted population density of the children's school district on global developmental delay (GDD) while adjusting for family SEP (low, medium and high). Results Family SEP was significantly and strongly linked to GDD. Children with the highest family SEP showed a lower odds for GDD compared to a medium SEP (female: OR=4.26, male: OR=3.46) and low SEP (female: OR=16.58, male: OR=12.79). Furthermore, we discovered a smaller, but additional and independent effect of regional socioeconomic deprivation on GDD, with a higher odds for children from a more deprived school district (female: OR=1.35, male: OR=1.20). However, rurality did not show a significant link to GDD in preschool children beyond family SEP and regional deprivation. Conclusion Family SEP and regional deprivation are risk factors for child development and of particular interest to promote health of children in early childhood and over the life course.}, language = {en} } @misc{TschornSchulzeFoerstneretal., author = {Tschorn, Mira and Schulze, Susanne and F{\"o}rstner, Bernd R. and Holmberg, Christine and Spallek, Jacob and Heinz, Andreas and Rapp, Michael A.}, title = {Predictors and prevalence of hazardous alcohol use in middle-late to late adulthood in Europe}, series = {Aging \& Mental Health}, volume = {27 (2023)}, journal = {Aging \& Mental Health}, number = {5}, issn = {1364-6915}, doi = {10.1080/13607863.2022.2076208}, pages = {1001 -- 1010}, abstract = {Objectives: Even low to moderate levels of alcohol consumption can have detrimental health consequences, especially in older adults (OA). Although many studies report an increase in the proportion of drinkers among OA, there are regional variations. Therefore, we examined alcohol consumption and the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use (HAU) among men and women aged 50+ years in four European regions and investigated predictors of HAU. Methods: We analyzed data of N = 35,042 participants of the European SHARE study. We investigated differences in alcohol consumption (units last week) according to gender, age and EU-region using ANOVAs. Furthermore, logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of income, education, marital status, history of a low-quality parent-child relationship and smoking on HAU, also stratified for gender and EU-region. HAU was operationalized as binge drinking or risky drinking (<12.5 units of 10 ml alcohol/week). Results: Overall, past week alcohol consumption was 5.0 units (±7.8), prevalence of HAU was 25.4\% within our sample of European adults aged 50+ years. Male gender, younger age and living in Western Europe were linked to both higher alcohol consumption and higher risks of HAU. Income, education, smoking, a low-quality parent-child relationship, living in Northern and especially Eastern Europe were positively associated with HAU. Stratified analyses revealed differences by region and gender. Conclusions: HAU was highly prevalent within this European sample of OA. Alcohol consumption and determinants of HAU differed between EU-regions, hinting to a necessity of risk-stratified population-level strategies to prevent HAU and subsequent alcohol use disorders.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoffmannTschornMichalskietal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Tschorn, Mira and Michalski, Niels and Hoebel, Jens and F{\"o}rstner, Bernd R. and Rapp, Michael A. and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Regionale sozio{\"o}konomische Deprivation, Ruralit{\"a}t und kindliche Entwicklung: Analyse von Daten der Schuleingangsuntersuchung des Bundeslandes Brandenburgs}, series = {17. JAHRESTAGUNG DER DGEpi ABSTRACT BOOK}, journal = {17. JAHRESTAGUNG DER DGEpi ABSTRACT BOOK}, abstract = {Einleitung Die gesundheitliche Entwicklung von Kindern wird neben der sozio{\"o}konomischen Position (SEP) der Familie auch von Merkmalen der Lebensumgebung gepr{\"a}gt. Ruralit{\"a}t oder regionale sozio{\"o}konomische Deprivation werden als m{\"o}gliche unabh{\"a}ngige Einflussgr{\"o}ßen postuliert, ohne dass bisher ausreichende empirische Ergebnisse vorliegen. In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, ob regionale sozio{\"o}konomische Deprivation und Ruralit{\"a}t unabh{\"a}ngig von famili{\"a}rer SEP mit der Entwicklung von Kindern assoziiert sind. Methoden Daten des Sozialp{\"a}diatrischen Entwicklungsscreenings im Rahmen der Einschulungsuntersuchungen aus dem Jahr 2018/2019 in Brandenburg (n=22.801 Kinder) wurden verkn{\"u}pft mit Daten zur regionalen Bev{\"o}lkerungsdichte (Ruralit{\"a}t) sowie mit dem German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (regionale Deprivation). Mittels gemischter Modelle wurde der Zusammenhang einer Allgemeinen Entwicklungsverz{\"o}gerung (AEV) mit Ruralit{\"a}t und mit regionaler Deprivation analysiert (OR=Odds Ratio (95\% Konfidenzintervall)), wobei f{\"u}r famili{\"a}re SEP (hoch, mittel, niedrig) adjustiert und nach Geschlecht (M=M{\"a}dchen, J=Jungen) stratifiziert wurde. Ergebnisse Kinder mit hoher famili{\"a}rer SEP zeigten geringere Chancen einer AEV als Kinder mit mittlerer famili{\"a}rer SEP (ORM=4,26(3,14-5,79); ORJ=3,46(2,83-4,22)) und niedriger famili{\"a}rer SEP (ORM=16,58(11,90-23,09); ORJ=12,79(10,13-16,16)). Gr{\"o}ßere regionale Deprivation war unabh{\"a}ngig von famili{\"a}rer SEP und Ruralit{\"a}t mit AEV assoziiert (ORM=1,35(1,13-1,62); ORJ=1,20(1,05-1,39)). Neben famili{\"a}rer SEP und regionaler Deprivation zeigte Ruralit{\"a}t keine Assoziation mit AEV. Schlussfolgerung Neben der famili{\"a}ren SEP wirkt sich die regionale sozio{\"o}konomische Deprivation auf Entwicklungsverz{\"o}gerungen von Kindern aus. Sozialepidemiologie und Public Health sollten daher neben den individuellen sozio{\"o}konomischen Voraussetzungen auch die regionalen sozio{\"o}konomischen Bedingungen als Determinante der gesundheitlichen Entwicklung {\"u}ber den Lebenslauf ber{\"u}cksichtigen.}, language = {de} } @misc{HoffmannTschornMichalskietal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Tschorn, Mira and Michalski, Niels and Hoebel, Jens and F{\"o}rstner, Bernd R. and Rapp, Michael A. and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Do regional characteristics predict developmental delay? Analyses of German school entry examination}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {32}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement_3}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.342}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Background Children's health and development are strongly linked to their living situation, including their family's socioeconomic position (SEP) and living region. However, research on the impact of the living region on children's development beyond family SEP is scarce. This study evaluated whether rurality and regional socioeconomic deprivation (DEP) are associated with children's development independently of family SEP. Methods The study used population-based data of 5-6.5 years old children (n = 22,801) from mandatory school entry examinations (SEE) in the German federal state of Brandenburg, which were examined in 2018/2019. The SEE data have been linked with data on i. rurality that was defined by an inverted population density and ii. regional DEP that were provided by the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation. By binary multilevel models, the predictive values of rurality and regional DEP for global developmental delay (GDD) were evaluated, while adjusting for family SEP. Results Children with high family SEP showed reduced odds for GDD compared to medium family SEP (female: OR = 4.26, CI95=3.14-5.79, male: OR = 3.46, CI95=2.83-4.22) and low family SEP (female: OR = 16.58, CI95=11.90-23.09, male: OR = 12.79, CI95=10.13-16.16). Regional DEP additionally predicted GDD, with higher odds for children from more deprived regions (female: OR = 1.35, CI95=1.13-1.62, male: OR = 1.20, CI95=1.05-1.39). Rurality did not predict GDD beyond family SEP and regional DEP. Conclusions In addition to family SEP, the regional DEP has an effect on children's developmental delay. Hence, Public Health should take into account regional socioeconomic conditions as determinant of health over the life course in addition to family SEP.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoffmannTschornSpallek, author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Tschorn, Mira and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Soziale Ungleichheiten in der fr{\"u}hkindlichen Sprachentwicklung w{\"a}hrend der COVID-19-Pandemie im Bundesland Brandenburg}, series = {German Medical Science}, journal = {German Medical Science}, doi = {10.3205/24gmds603}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0183-24gmds6030}, abstract = {Einleitung: Die Entwicklung von Kindern unter sechs Jahren h{\"a}ngt nicht nur von ihren individuellen Eigenschaften ab, sondern auch von den sozialen Umst{\"a}nden, in denen sie leben [1]. Es besteht ein Forschungsbedarf zu m{\"o}glichen Ver{\"a}nderungen der fr{\"u}hkindlichen Sprachentwicklung aufgrund sozialer Ungleichheiten w{\"a}hrend der COVID-19 Pandemie. Diese Studie [2] beschreibt die Pr{\"a}valenz der Verz{\"o}gerung in der Sprachentwicklung von Kindern bei der Einschulung und deren Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit a) der sozio{\"o}konomischen Position der Familie (SEP), b) der Muttersprache und c) der Jahre des Kindergartenbesuchs vor und w{\"a}hrend der Pandemie. Methoden: Verwendet wurden Daten der Schuleingangsuntersuchung im Land Brandenburg aus drei aufeinanderfolgenden Kohorten 5-7-j{\"a}hriger Kinder (2018|19: n=19.299; 2019|20: n=19.916; 2020|21: n=19.698). Der {\"o}ffentliche Gesundheitsdienst erfasst routinem{\"a}ßig die Sprachentwicklung mit validierten Instrumenten des 'Sozialp{\"a}diatrischen Entwicklungsscreenings f{\"u}r Schuleingangsuntersuchungen' [3]. Deskriptive bivariate und multivariate Querschnittsanalysen [OR, 95\%CI] untersuchten die Sprachentwicklungsverz{\"o}gerung [SE ja|nein] mit SEP [niedrig|mittel|hoch], deutscher Muttersprache [ja|nein] und den Jahren des Kindergartenbesuchs [<4|≥4]. Die Analysen wurden stratifiziert nach SEP wiederholt. Ergebnisse: Die SE Pr{\"a}valenz sank {\"u}ber die Jahre insgesamt (21,1\%2018|19; 19.2\%2019|20; 18,8\%2020|21) sowie bei Kindern mit hoher SEP (14,3\%2018|19; 13,0\%2020|21) und mit deutscher Muttersprache (20,2\%2018|19; 17,8\%2020|21). Bei Kindern mit niedrigem SEP stieg die SE Pr{\"a}valenz {\"u}ber die Jahre (42,4\%2018|19; 43,4\%2020|21) und bei Kindern mit nicht-deutscher Muttersprache blieb sie konstant (36,0\%2018|19, 35,5\%2020|21). Die Chancen f{\"u}r eine SE unterscheiden sich dementsprechend nach SEP (2018|19: ORniedrig|hoch=4,41;3,93-4,94; 2020|21: ORniedrig|hoch=5,12;4,54-5,77) und Muttersprache (2018|19: ORnicht-deutsch|deutsch=2,22;1,86-2,66; 2020|21: ORnicht-deutsch|deutsch=2,54;2,19-2,95). Die Jahre des Kindergartenbesuchs trugen nicht zu Unterschieden in der SE Pr{\"a}valenz bei. Schlussfolgerung: Soziale Ungleichheiten bei der SE Pr{\"a}valenz aufgrund der SEP und der Muttersprache nahmen w{\"a}hrend der Pandemie leicht zu. F{\"u}r Familien mit sozio{\"o}konomischen Nachteilen sind Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren f{\"u}r SE der Kinder w{\"a}hrend der Pandemie unklar. Weitere Forschung sollte in L{\"a}ngsschnittbeobachtungen die Auswirkungen der COVID-19 Pandemie auf die fr{\"u}he Kindheit vertiefend betrachten. Literatur 1. Hoff E, Ribot KM. Language Development: Influence of Socio-Economic Status. In: Wright JD, editor. International encyclopedia of the social \& behavioral sciences. Second edition. Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York, Oxford, Paris, San Diego, San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo: Elsevier; 2015. p. 324-8. 2. Hoffmann S, Tschorn M, Spallek J. Social inequalities in early childhood language development during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study with data from three consecutive school entry surveys in Germany. Int J Equity Health. 2024;23(1):2. 3. Daseking M, Oldenhage M, Petermann F, Waldmann HC. Die Validit{\"a}t der Sprachskala des SOPESS unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Erstsprache [Social Pediatric Screening of Developmental Status for School Entry (SOPESS): Validity in the Domain of Speech and Language]. Gesundheitswesen 2009;71(10):663-8.}, language = {de} } @misc{TschornArntzHoffmannetal., author = {Tschorn, Mira and Arntz, Fabian and Hoffmann, Stephanie and W{\"o}lke, Maxi and Cohrdes, Caroline and Spallek, Jacob and Rapp, Michael}, title = {Regionale sozio{\"o}konomische Deprivation und Gesundheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen}, series = {53rd DGPs Congress / 15th {\"O}GP Conference, September 16 - 19, 2024, Wien/Vienna, Abstract-Band}, journal = {53rd DGPs Congress / 15th {\"O}GP Conference, September 16 - 19, 2024, Wien/Vienna, Abstract-Band}, address = {Wien}, pages = {1493 -- 1494}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Von Geburt an sind die Gesundheit und die psychomotorische Entwicklung eng mit der famili{\"a}ren sozio{\"o}konomischen Lebenssituation verbunden. Wir stellen Ergebnisse aus unseren Studien vor, in denen wir den Zusammenhang sozio{\"o}konomischer Deprivation mit verschiedenen Outcomes aus dem Bereich Entwicklung und psychische Gesundheit untersuchen. Methoden: Anhand linearer gemischter Modelle und Mehrebenenmodelle wird untersucht, ob ein zus{\"a}tzlicher Zusammenhang regionaler sozio{\"o}konomischer Deprivation auf die Outcomes Einschulalter, globale Entwicklungsverz{\"o}gerung und psychische Gesundheit {\"u}ber den Effekt individueller sozio{\"o}konomischer Faktoren hinaus besteht. Die vorgestellten Analysen beziehen sich auf die EMOTIKON Studie (171.916 Drittkl{\"a}ssler aus 533 Schulen in 11 Kohorten aus Brandenburg von 2011 bis 2019), Daten der Schuleingangsuntersuchung im Bundesland Brandenburg (Vollerhebung des Vorschuljahrgangs 2018/2019, N=22.801) sowie die KiGGS Kohorte (bev{\"o}lkerungsrepr{\"a}sentative Stichprobe am Robert Koch-Institut, N=17.641 Kinder von 0-17 Jahre zur Baseline in 2003-2006). Regionale Deprivation wird mittels des German Index of socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD, Robert Koch-Institut) operationalisiert. F{\"u}r einzelne Analysen wird zudem der Einfluss der drei GISD Subfaktoren Einkommen, Bildung und Beruf auf die untersuchten Faktoren berichtet. Globale Entwicklungsverz{\"o}gerung wurde standardisiert mittels des SOPESS (Sozialp{\"a}diatrisches Entwicklungsscreening f{\"u}r Einschulungsuntersuchungen) im Rahmen der Schuleingangsuntersuchungen erhoben, psychische Auff{\"a}lligkeiten wurden in der KiGGS Studie anhand des Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die regionale Deprivation am Wohn- bzw. Schulort der Kinder einen Einfluss auf das Einschulalter und die globale Entwicklungsverz{\"o}gerung hat und dass dieser Einfluss {\"u}ber den Effekt der individuell famili{\"a}ren sozio{\"o}konomischen Bedingungen hinaus besteht. Außerdem werden erste Ergebnisse der Analysen der KiGGS Kohorte vorgestellt.}, language = {de} } @misc{HoffmannTschornSpallek, author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Tschorn, Mira and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Did social inequalities in child development change during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany?}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {34}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement 3}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckae144.079}, abstract = {Background Early childhood development (aged <6 years) is dependent on the social conditions in which children live and strongly affect their life course trajectory. This study describes changes in social inequalities in language development during the COVID-19 pandemic based on data from the legally prescribed school entry examination in the German federal state of Brandenburg. The aim is to inform public health interventions for individuals at risk of long-term health inequalities. Methods Secondary data from three cohorts of 5-7-year-olds were used [n = 19,2992018|19; n = 19,9162019|20; n = 19,6982020|21]. Language development was assessed as delayed compared to peers [LD yes/no], measured by public health services using validated instruments. Descriptive bivariate and multivariate analyses [OR, 95\%CI] examined language delay [\%] with social inequalities defined by (1) an index composed of parents' reported education and occupation [SEP low|high], (2) 'German native language' [yes|no] and (3) 'years of kindergarten attendance' [<4|≥4]. Results Overall, the proportion of LD decreased over the years (21.1\%2018|19; 19.2\%2019|20; 18.8\%2020|21), both among children from families with high SEP (14.3\%2018|19; 13.0\%2020|21) and from German-speaking families (20.2\%2018|19; 17.8\%2020|21). LD rates among children increased with low SEP (42.4\%2018|19; 43.4\%2020|21) and remained constant with a non-German native language (36.0\%2018|19; 35.5\%2020|21). The probability for LD differed only for SEP (2018|19: ORlow|high=4.4, 3.93-4.94; 2020|21: ORlow|high=5.12, 4.54-5.77) and for native language (2018|19: ORnon-German|German=2.22, 1.86-2.66; 2020|21: ORnon-German|German=2.54, 2.19-2.95). Conclusions Social inequalities in language development based on SEP and native language increased slightly during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Research should examine the effects of the pandemic on early development as well as protective and risk factors on a longitudinal basis.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoffmannTschornSpallek, author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Tschorn, Mira and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Social inequalities in early childhood language development during the COVID-19 pandemic : a descriptive study with data from three consecutive school entry surveys in Germany}, series = {International Journal for Equity in Health}, volume = {23}, journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health}, number = {2}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1475-9276}, doi = {10.1186/s12939-023-02079-y}, pages = {1 -- 13}, abstract = {Background Social health inequalities are still of great public health importance in modern societies. The COVID-19 pandemic may have affected social inequalities in people's health due to containment measures. As these measures particularly affected children, they might have been particularly vulnerable to increased social inequalities. The aim of the study was to describe health inequalities during the pandemic based on language delay (LD) in children in order to inform public health interventions for a population at risk of long-term health and education inequalities. Methods Data of 5-7 year old children from three consecutive school entry surveys in the German federal state of Brandenburg were used, including data compulsorily collected before the pandemic (2018/2019: n = 19,299), at the beginning of the pandemic (2019/2020: n = 19,916) and during the pandemic (2020/2021: n = 19,698). Bivariate and multivariate binary regression analyses [OR, 95\% CI] cross-sectionally examined the relationship between the prevalence of LD [yes/no] and social inequalities, operationalized by family socioeconomic position [SEP low/middle/high], migration background [native-German language/non-native German language] and length of kindergarten attendance [< 4 years/ ≥ 4 years]. Factors contributing to inequality in LD were examined by socioeconomic stratification. Results Cross-sectionally, LD prevalence has decreased overall (2018/2019: 21.1\%, 2019/2020: 19.2\%, 2020/2021: 18.8\%), and among children from both high SEP and native German-speaking families. As LD prevalence increased among children from families with low SEP and remained stable among non-native German speakers, social inequalities in LD prevalence increased slightly during the pandemic i) by low SEP (2018/2019: OR = 4.41, 3.93-4.94; 2020/2021: OR = 5.12, 4.54-5.77) and ii) by non-German native language (2018/2019: OR = 2.22, 1.86-2.66; 2020/2021: OR = 2.54, 2.19-2.95). During the pandemic, both migration background and kindergarten attendance determined LD prevalence in the high and middle SEP strata. However, the measured factors did not contribute to LD prevalence in children from families with low SEP. Conclusion Social inequalities in LD increased due to opposing trends in prevalence comparing low and high SEP families. To promote health equity across the life course, early childhood should be of interest for tailored public health actions (e.g. through targeted interventions for kindergarten groups). Further analytical studies should investigate determinants (e.g., parental investment).}, language = {en} }