@misc{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Uncertainty in the hypothesis on an unrealized planning of the Berne Minster}, series = {Digital Art History - Methods, Practices, Epistemologies : Book Of Abstracts \& Conference Programme}, journal = {Digital Art History - Methods, Practices, Epistemologies : Book Of Abstracts \& Conference Programme}, editor = {Sekelj, Sanja}, publisher = {Institute of Art History}, address = {Zagreb}, isbn = {978-953-7875-93-0}, pages = {58 -- 62}, language = {en} } @misc{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Die digitale Visualisierung von Architektur}, series = {Blickpunkt Arch{\"a}ologie}, journal = {Blickpunkt Arch{\"a}ologie}, number = {2}, issn = {2364-4796}, pages = {91 -- 98}, abstract = {Der Beitrag widmet sich der digitalen Visualisierung von arch{\"a}ologischen Baubefunden und den damit verbundenen grundlegenden M{\"o}glichkeiten und Problemen. Was kann die digitale Visualisierung von Architektur im Kontext der 3D-Digitalisierung in der Arch{\"a}ologie leisten? Die Frage ist vor allem deshalb nicht leicht zu beantworten, weil viele Begriffe nicht eindeutig verwendet werden und vor allem in dieser Konstellation unterschiedlichste Assoziationen ausl{\"o}sen. Es geht schließlich nicht um Arch{\"a}ologie oder Architektur als Ganzes, sondern eben um die Schnittstelle im Kontext der allumfassenden Digitalisierung.}, language = {de} } @misc{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {The Building Phases of Cologne Cathedral and its Predecessors (with a Special on Inner Choir 1856)}, series = {Dimensions reflected 2020}, journal = {Dimensions reflected 2020}, editor = {Obradović, Marija}, publisher = {Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade}, address = {Belgrad}, isbn = {978-86-6060-049-5}, pages = {21 -- 21}, abstract = {The two films show the current research results on the building phases of Cologne Cathedrals and its predecessors. From a water basin in a Roman garden, several churches have been built for about two thousand years, until the Gothic choir was started in mid-13th century. Completed at the end of the 19th century, the cathedral was given a new access structure ten years ago, which serves as an entrance to the tower ascent as well as to the archaeological zone, and in which the film about the construction phases is since exhibited. It was only in the middle of the 19th century that the wall that had closed off the Gothic choir to the west since the 14th century was removed. From this period numerous images of the interior have been preserved, but none of them show the central interior. The 150th anniversary of the cathedral chorus provided the opportunity to recapture this. Both visualizations translate scientific hypotheses. They have only been supplemented in those places where it was necessary to complete the architectural impression. As a result, the buildings appear abstract and only in the imaginative power of the observer do they become architecture again.}, language = {en} } @misc{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Europe's Architectural Identity. A visualisation method of ideas}, series = {Notes on Europe. The dogmatic sleep}, journal = {Notes on Europe. The dogmatic sleep}, editor = {Neves, Eduarda and Lima, Luis and Rodrigues, Nuno Faleiro}, publisher = {Peninsular Papelaria \& Atres Gr{\´a}ficas}, address = {Porto}, isbn = {978-972-8784-88-1}, pages = {28 -- 28}, language = {en} } @misc{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Visualising Hypotheses as the Method Used to Approach Achaeological Research Questions}, series = {International Conference Digital Art History. Methods, Practices, Epistemologies II, Zagreb}, journal = {International Conference Digital Art History. Methods, Practices, Epistemologies II, Zagreb}, editor = {Horvatinćič, Sanja}, publisher = {Institute of Art History}, address = {Zagreb}, isbn = {978-953-7875-68-8}, pages = {16 -- 16}, language = {en} } @misc{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Graphic Instruments for Visualizing Hypotheses}, series = {Technoheritage 2019, IV International Congress, Book of Abstracts}, journal = {Technoheritage 2019, IV International Congress, Book of Abstracts}, address = {Seville}, isbn = {978-84-09-08757-0}, pages = {79 -- 79}, abstract = {Within the last decade we have developed a new digital graphic instrument for knowledge mediation and knowledge development of archaeological hypotheses concerning architectural topoi. The key feature of archaeological hypotheses is the varying degree of certainty ranging from undoubtful findings over most probably deductions to vague yet scientifically based assumptions. Mediations, towards the scientific community, as well as towards the public is usually based on scientific, written text accompanied by imagery that - on its turn - tends to be perceived even preferentially.}, language = {en} } @misc{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {The consecution of uncertain knowledge, hypotheses and the design of abstraction}, series = {International Conference on Cultural Heritage and New Technologies, Vienna, 2015}, journal = {International Conference on Cultural Heritage and New Technologies, Vienna, 2015}, editor = {B{\"o}rner, Wolfgang and Uhlirz, Susanne}, publisher = {Museen der Stadt Wien - Stadtarch{\"a}ologie}, address = {Wien}, isbn = {978-3-200-04698-6}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {The paper describes the necessity of architectural design in the process of creating abstract geometry as representation of archaeological hypoth eses in opposition to pretended reconstructions. Methodology: How were the objectives reached? Which methods were used? Knowledge in archaeology, building or art history is generally of largely different certainty including contradictions and multivalencies, which unambiguou sly excludes true reconstructions in the sense that the reconstruction equals its origin. Instead there is a number of hypotheses that approximate the historic state. The visualisation of hypotheses with a special regard on uncertain knowledge, i. e. respecting and explicitely showing this uncertainty, is a counter position towards pretended reconstructions. Results: What are the results of the work? A number of projects e.g. in cooperation with the German Archaeological Institute DAI, the State's Museums in Berlin SMB (e.g. the first scientific 3D model of Pergamon and the Palatine palace in Rom, both presented in the Pergamon Museum Berlin), the Museum for Islamic Art Berlin (e. g. the Sasanian metropole Ktesiphon), funded by the German Research Foundation DFG and as part of the DFG Excellence Cluster TOPOI (mainly hosted by the universities FU Berlin and HU Berlin) that successfully visually mediated the state of science and its scientific characteristics among the scientists as well as to the public. Innovations: What is new and significant about your ideas, methods, and results? The visualisation of hypotheses has a higher scientific impact incorporating uncertain knowledge as in evitable characteristic of science. One way of visually expressing different possible states in one image is the use of abstract geometry. This implies a highly qualified handling of abstract geometry (model making) and imagery architectural photography) being a creative act of design with effect on the inner-scientific and public perception of the historic topic. So qualified architectural design makes the difference.}, language = {en} } @book{LengyelLocherHenrichetal., author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Locher, Hubert and Henrich, Florian and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Architecture Transformed - The Digital Image in Architecture 1980-2020}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user Verlag GmbH}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {978-3-0356-2448-9}, pages = {160}, abstract = {Das digitale Bild in der Architektur Das Buch untersucht die zentrale Rolle des digitalen Bildes in der Architektur {\"u}ber vier Jahrzehnte - im Prozess der Digitalisierung von Wissen in Theorie und Praxis - sowie seinen Einfluss auf das architektonische Entwerfen und Visualisieren: Der Wandel vom analogen zum digitalen Zeitalter wird anhand von 51 Entwurfsvisualisierungen analysiert, von der Handzeichnung {\"u}ber die Fotomontage bis zum Computerrendering, um die medienspezifische Pr{\"a}gung der Architektur durch digitale Methoden zu verdeutlichen. Architecture Transformed ist Resultat einer Kooperation des Deutschen Dokumentationszentrums f{\"u}r Kunstgeschichte - Bildarchiv Foto Marburg mit dem Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Architektur und Visualisierung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg als Teil des DFG-Schwerpunktprogramms „Das digitale Bild".}, language = {en} } @misc{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {A Political Narrative in the Relationship between Artwork and Recipient}, series = {Izkustvovedski Četenija = Art Readings}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Izkustvovedski Četenija = Art Readings}, number = {1}, issn = {1313-2342}, pages = {71 -- 86}, abstract = {Sometimes a single work of art can tell a whole story. The Ludovisi group presented here originally stood on a long sculptural plinth on the terrace of the Athena sanctuary in the ancient metropolis of Pergamon. Viewed from its back, one sees a Gaul with raised sword and his defeated opponent to the left. This impression remains until the moment when the front of the warrior can be seen. There, in fact, the sword is being used to commit suicide in order to escape slavery; the dying woman is apparently his wife. This way art becomes a repository of collective memory.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Zum Erscheinungsbild der Visualisierungen des Berner M{\"u}nsters}, series = {Das Berner M{\"u}nster : das erste Jahrhundert: von der Grundsteinlegung bis zur Chorvollendung und Reformation (1421-1517/1528)}, booktitle = {Das Berner M{\"u}nster : das erste Jahrhundert: von der Grundsteinlegung bis zur Chorvollendung und Reformation (1421-1517/1528)}, editor = {Nicolai, Bernd and Schweizer, J{\"u}rg}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Schnell \& Steiner}, address = {Regensburg}, isbn = {978-3-7954-3428-1}, pages = {218 -- 230}, language = {de} } @misc{GlaserLengyelToulouseetal., author = {Glaser, Manuela and Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine and Schwan, Stephan}, title = {How Do We Deal with Uncertain Information? Effects of Verbal and Visual Expressions of Uncertainty on Learning}, series = {Educational Psychology Review}, volume = {34}, journal = {Educational Psychology Review}, number = {2}, issn = {1040-726X}, doi = {10.1007/s10648-022-09659-4}, pages = {1097 -- 1131}, abstract = {AbstractBased on the knowledge generation model for visual analytics including uncertainty propagation and human trust building (Sacha et al. 2016), the cognitive theory of multimedia learning (Mayer, 2014), the multimedia principle (Butcher, 2014), and previous studies on the effects of different uncertainty visualization styles, an integrated theoretical approach is proposed to examine the influence of different degrees of information uncertainty and different uncertainty visualization styles on processing pictures of two archeological reconstructions with accompanying audio explanations presented in a multimedia learning environment. A 4 × 3 design with condition (without uncertainty visualization vs. stop light colors vs. geometric contrast vs. both uncertainty visualizations) as the between-subjects factor and uncertainty value (uncertain vs. medium vs. certain) as the within-subject factor was used. The results showed that appearance of certain content, its uncertainty values, and their verbal scientific justifications were remembered better than uncertain ones. Furthermore, stop light colors enhanced the memory of uncertainty values compared to no uncertainty visualization and were better understood, discriminated, and transferred than geometric contrast. Geometric contrast decreased the memory of the appearance of uncertain architectural elements compared to no uncertainty visualization and was better than stop light colors regarding the memory of the appearance of certain architectural elements. The study integrates and extends existing theories by showing that certain contents are processed with higher priority than uncertain contents and that the multimedia effect is also valid for metainformation such as the uncertainties of contents. Finally, recommendations for designing learning material including uncertainty visualizations are given.}, language = {en} } @misc{GlaserLengyelToulouseetal., author = {Glaser, Manuela and Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine and Schwan, Stephan}, title = {Designing Computer Based Archaeological 3D-Reconstructions: How Camera Zoom Influences Attention}, series = {Eurographics Workshop on Intelligent Cinematography and Editing}, journal = {Eurographics Workshop on Intelligent Cinematography and Editing}, isbn = {978-3-905674-79-8}, issn = {2411-9733}, doi = {10.2312/wiced.20151070}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Previous empirical literature [Sal94; WB00] indicates that there is an attention guiding effect of zooms. In order to substantiate this conclusion, an eye-tracking study was conducted to examine the influence of camera zoom on attention processes of the recipients.}, language = {en} } @misc{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Die Lehre der digitalen Visualisierung am Beispiel der Architektur}, series = {DHd 2016 : Modellierung, Vernetzung, Visualisierung : die Digital Humanitis als f{\"a}cher{\"u}bergreifendes Forschungsparadigma : Konferenzabstracts : Universit{\"a}t Leipzig 7. bis 12. M{\"a}rz 2016}, journal = {DHd 2016 : Modellierung, Vernetzung, Visualisierung : die Digital Humanitis als f{\"a}cher{\"u}bergreifendes Forschungsparadigma : Konferenzabstracts : Universit{\"a}t Leipzig 7. bis 12. M{\"a}rz 2016}, publisher = {nisaba verlag}, address = {Duisburg}, isbn = {978-3-941379-05-3}, pages = {183 -- 186}, language = {de} } @misc{LengyelToulouseGlaseretal., author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine and Glaser, Manuela and Schwan, Stephan}, title = {Designing computer-based learning contents: influence of digital zoom on attention}, series = {Educational Technology Research and Development}, volume = {65}, journal = {Educational Technology Research and Development}, number = {5}, issn = {1042-1629}, doi = {10.1007/s11423-016-9495-9}, pages = {1135 -- 1151}, abstract = {In the present study, we investigated the role of digital zoom as a tool for directing attention while looking at visual learning material. In particular, we analyzed whether minimal digital zoom functions similarly to a rhetorical device by cueing mental zooming of attention accordingly. Participants were presented either static film clips, film clips with minimal zoom-ins, or film clips with minimal zoom-outs while eye movements were recorded. We hypothesized that minimal zoom-ins should lead to more gaze coherence, to longer dwell times as an indicator of more elaborative processing, and to fewer transitions as an indicator of less mental integration. Zoom-outs, on the other hand, were expected to have opposite effects. Results showed that zoom-ins increase gaze coherence and dwell times on the center parts of the depictions while decreasing transitions of pictorial elements from the center and the context areas. In contrast, patterns of results from zoom-outs and static presentations were similar to a large degree, indicating that zoom-ins and zoom-outs do not operate in a complementary fashion. Theoretical and practical implications of the present results are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {How to Communicate Complex Spatial Itineraries: A balancing act between diagram and simulation}, series = {Electronic Workshops in Computing}, booktitle = {Electronic Workshops in Computing}, publisher = {BCS Learning \& Development}, issn = {1477-9358}, doi = {10.14236/ewic/EVA2022.17}, pages = {75 -- 80}, abstract = {This paper shows our method of visually conveying the intricate pathway system of the unique amphitheatre in Durr{\"e}s, Albania, in a way that allows visitors to experience the spatial implications for the ancient world. In the firm conviction as architects that architecture can best be understood when it is experienced, but that a destroyed building can no longer be witnessed, we have elaborated a method that does justice to this circumstance. In the communication of archaeological knowledge, the combination of find drawing, schematic illustration and descriptive text is often relied upon. Recently, perspective computer-generated drawings have entered the picture. What remains unresolved, is the perception of space as a process. Technology has not yet reached the point where a virtual world that deceives all the senses could simulate actual spatial perception. And so here, as in perspective composition, it is necessary to compensate for the actual perception of space by means of targeted image guidance by the film camera in such a way that a plausible impression of space is created. In addition to the composition criteria of point of view and angle of view, from which the focal length then arises, as well as the tilt-shift lenses for the compensation of the sense of balance, that is, that the recognition of the vertical is reproduced exactly in the image, and finally image framing, dynamic criteria are added. These are first and foremost the speed of movement, which has a considerable influence on the perception of the dimension, above all the length of the path travelled, but also the speed of rotation during changes of direction and, and here it becomes particularly demanding, the rotation as well as its speed before, during and after changes of direction, since the gaze does not run tangentially to the direction of movement, but anticipates changes of direction of the path, similar to directional headlamps in certain cars. In the end, the viewer receives a lasting impression that comes as close as possible to the archaeological hypothesis, but at the same time creates a spatial impression from an architectural point of view.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {On the Visualisation of Archaeological Hypotheses}, series = {Innovation in der Bauwirtschaft : Wesersandstein vom 16. bis 19. Jahrhundert = Innovation in the Building Industry : Weser Sandstone from the 16th to the 19th Century Architektur und Digital Humanities Architecture and Digital Humanities}, booktitle = {Innovation in der Bauwirtschaft : Wesersandstein vom 16. bis 19. Jahrhundert = Innovation in the Building Industry : Weser Sandstone from the 16th to the 19th Century Architektur und Digital Humanities Architecture and Digital Humanities}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, isbn = {9783110538915}, doi = {10.1515/9783110538915-030}, pages = {616 -- 648}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Visual Mediation of Unique Construction and Access Principles of the Amphitheatre of Durr{\"e}s}, series = {Electronic Workshops in Computing}, booktitle = {Electronic Workshops in Computing}, publisher = {BCS Learning \& Development}, issn = {1477-9358}, doi = {10.14236/ewic/EVA2021.8}, pages = {6}, language = {en} } @incollection{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Europe's Architectural Identity - a visualisation method of ideas}, series = {Notes on Europe : the dogmatic sleep}, booktitle = {Notes on Europe : the dogmatic sleep}, editor = {Neves, Eduarda and Lima, Luis and Faleiro Rodrigues, Nuno Ricardo}, publisher = {CEAA/ESAP-CESAP}, address = {Porto}, isbn = {978-972-8784-96-6}, doi = {10.48618/CEAA-2020-CZD5-ZY27}, pages = {126 -- 137}, abstract = {Europe is also architecture. When Jacques Derrida counts philosophy, democracy and the Enlightenment, architecture is an essential gap. There is a number of artistic expressions, but amongst them architecture, as the space that we live in, plays an exposed role. Architecture is a criterion, a tradition that truly belongs to Europe. A debate on the architectural artistic representation of Europe from the past to the future will consolidate a place for Europe in the world. And this place does not, at least not in the principal sense, yield to the imperialist tradition. On the contrary, Europe's architecture consists mainly of civilian or clerical buildings. Built architecture though is subject to its deterioration, while the intellectual achievement of architectural projecting and design are what will be left of Europe's history. Architectural ideas are almost timeless as they always negotiate ourselves in our environment. But ideas are rarely acknowledged as deserved. In most cases, architecture that does not meet today's needs is considered as part of building archaeology. But there is much more in historic architecture, a wealth of inspirations. Architecture has always been more than buildings. This artistic surplus needs to be exposed, to be presented as a timeless intellectual achievement that goes far beyond its original historical intention. For this we have developed a method that visualizes architectonic ideas. The presentation aims to demonstrate and illustrate this method by several projects developed by the authors in cooperation with archaeological research institutions like Cologne Cathedral and its Predecessors (by order of and exhibited in Cologne Cathedral), The Metropolis of Pergamon (within the German Research Fund Excellence Cluster TOPOI, actually exhibited in Leipzig as part of Sharing Heritage, the European Cultural Heritage Year 2018), The Palatine Palaces (by order of the German Archaeological Institute, both latter exhibited in the Pergamon Museum Berlin).}, language = {en} } @misc{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Gestaltete Abstraktion als Vermittlung glaubw{\"u}rdiger Authentizit{\"a}t}, series = {EVA Berlin 2019 : elektronische Medien\&Kunst, Kultur und Historie : Konferenzband : 26. Berliner Veranstaltung der internationalen EVA-Serie Electronic media and visual arts : 7.-8. November 2019, Kunstgewerbemuseum am Kulturforum Potsdamer Platz, Berlin}, journal = {EVA Berlin 2019 : elektronische Medien\&Kunst, Kultur und Historie : Konferenzband : 26. Berliner Veranstaltung der internationalen EVA-Serie Electronic media and visual arts : 7.-8. November 2019, Kunstgewerbemuseum am Kulturforum Potsdamer Platz, Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-948466-21-3}, doi = {10.11588/arthistoricum.645}, pages = {152 -- 154}, language = {de} } @incollection{LengyelToulouse, author = {Lengyel, Dominik and Toulouse, Catherine}, title = {Architectonic Design for Technological Devices}, series = {Art and Science Applied: Experience and Vision / Уметност и наука у примени: искуство и визија}, booktitle = {Art and Science Applied: Experience and Vision / Уметност и наука у примени: искуство и визија}, publisher = {Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade}, address = {Belgrad}, isbn = {978-86-80245-45-4}, doi = {10.18485/smartart.2022.2.ch15}, pages = {277 -- 294}, language = {en} }