@inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Der Finowboden - ein lokaler Pal{\"a}oboden?}, series = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung de Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, booktitle = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung de Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, publisher = {DBG}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {1}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Degradation of soil amendments produced from municipal organic waste digestate during a two-year field study}, series = {25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Stockholm, 2017}, booktitle = {25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Stockholm, 2017}, isbn = {978-88-89407-17-2}, doi = {10.5071/25thEUBCE2017-4AV.2.14}, pages = {1720 -- 1723}, abstract = {The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW) are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Our research investigates the characteristics of differently treated amendments produced from MOW digestate. We want to know how long these amendments are present in the soil and which amendment type contributes most to nutrient provision after application. Results were obtained using four different MOW digestate amendments of one origin (loose, pelletized and agglomerated) during a 24-hours shaker-experiment and a bag-experiment on grassland, which was subsequently sampled over 21 months. Results show that short-term element leaching is higher from loose amendment and small agglomerates, probably caused by higher surface area und lower stability of these amendments. Biggest degradation effects can be seen 7 months after application to soil. However, all four amendments are still present after 21 months. Pelletized amendments are more degradation resistant than loose amendment, which may be advantageous regarding long-term effects e.g. on water holding capacity. In turn, loose material delivers a higher share of small organic particles to soil and may therefore have a higher contribution to humus development.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effect of drying, composting and subsequent impurity removal by sieving on the properties of digestates from municipal organic waste}, series = {Waste Management}, volume = {72}, journal = {Waste Management}, issn = {1879-2456}, doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.022}, pages = {168 -- 177}, abstract = {The application of organic soil amendments is a common measure to prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW) are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, no study has related amendment properties of MOW digestate of one origin to different treatment procedures. We therefore investigated the impact of drying, composting and sieving on final digestate properties and specifically nutrient availability and heavy metal and carbon elution. Samples were provided by a semi-industrial two-stage biogas plant with dry fermentation of MOW. Results confirm that in comparison to drying, composting of MOW digestates leads to a significant increase of K, P, Mg, Ca, Cd and Cr in the digestates. Sieving of composted digestates showed that heavy metals are not evenly distributed and that heavy metal concentration in the digestate increases with decreasing mesh sizes (highest concentrations in the fractions <1 mm). Although the element concentration is higher in composted batches, the water-extractability of nutrients, heavy metals and carbon is significantly lower from composted over dried digestates. A significant correlation was found between the dissolution of Zn, Ni, Ca and Mg and pH of eluate as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release (R > 0.7, p < 0.05). Results confirm that the extent of carbon elution depends on the degradation rate of digestates. DOC may therefore be a good measure to evaluate digestate stability and to decide on treatment measures.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnoopTietzeDornacketal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Tietze, Michael and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Fate of nutrients and heavy metals during two-stage digestion and aerobic post-treatment of municipal organic waste}, series = {Bioresource Technology}, volume = {251}, journal = {Bioresource Technology}, issn = {1873-2976}, doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.019}, pages = {238 -- 248}, abstract = {The biogas technology is a promising approach for the recovery of energy and fertilizer from municipal organic waste (MOW). However, only scarce information on the development of initial nutrient and heavy metal loads during processing is available. Therefore, this study investigates properties of source-separated MOW during treatment in a semi-industrial scale two-stage biogas plant and subsequent digestate composting including impurities removal. Data from 15 batch experiments was investigated by material and substance flow analysis. Results of this study have shown that about 40\% of nutrients contained in the MOW inflow are mineralized during anaerobic and subsequent aerobic treatment. A higher nutrient release was observed during the anaerobic treatment step. Additionally, impurities removal causes a significant reduction of final nutrient content. Heavy metal analysis confirmed a high heterogeneity of contamination levels. However, digestion and composting do not seem to significantly impact on total heavy metal loads in the substrate flow.}, language = {en} } @misc{HowardKnightGeareyetal., author = {Howard, Andy and Knight, David and Gearey, Ben and Kluiving, Sjoerd and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The Impacts of Climate and Environmental Change on the Historic Environment}, series = {The Historic Environment: Policy \& Practice}, volume = {8}, journal = {The Historic Environment: Policy \& Practice}, number = {2}, issn = {1756-7513}, doi = {10.1080/17567505.2017.1325158}, pages = {87 -- 88}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabDisteletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Distel, Henrik and Naeth, M. Anne and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Modelling Late Quaternary Soil Development Considering Slope Aspects in the Rumsey Area (Alberta, Canada)}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabHirsch, author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Towards an International Genetic Classification of Pleistocene Periglacial Slope Deposits (PPSDs)}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{Raab, author = {Raab, Thomas}, title = {Zur Bedeutung der historischen Montanwirtschaft f{\"u}r die Landschaftsentwicklung und Geoökologie des Vilstals in der Oberpfalz}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, volume = {12}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, number = {59}, issn = {1617-4461}, pages = {319 -- 336}, language = {de} } @misc{KapplerKaiserKuesteretal., author = {Kappler, Christoph and Kaiser, Knut and K{\"u}ster, Mathias and Nicolay, Alexander and F{\"u}lling, Alexander and Bens, Oliver and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Pleistocene and Holocene terrestrial geomorphodynamics and soil formation in northeastern Germany: a review of geochronological data}, series = {Physical geography}, volume = {40}, journal = {Physical geography}, number = {5}, issn = {1930-0557}, doi = {10.1080/02723646.2019.1573621}, pages = {405 -- 432}, abstract = {This study is based on 616 geochronological ages from aeolian and colluvial sediments as well as paleosols, representing the largest database of geochronological data from northeastern Germany available to date. Cumulative probability density functions for radiocarbon data and kernel density estimates for luminescence data were created covering the last 15 ka. The data analysis aimed at the identification of changes and their drivers in geomorphodynamics and soil formation. The ages representing aeolian activity cluster in the Late Glacial, the Early Holocene, and the Late Holocene, where the first two clusters are assumed to result mostly from climatic impact with only a minor share of human impact triggering the mobilization of aeolian sediments. The third cluster is considered to result mainly from human impact. The Late Glacial to Early Holocene activity phase is interrupted by a phase of surface stability around 11.5-12.7 ka, which is indicated by the occurrence of initial soil formations of Finow and Usselo types. Colluvial sedimentation predominantly occurred during the last 7 ka and clearly accelerated since the last 1000 a. According to the ages of specific paleosol types, related soilforming processes started already in the Late Glacial and were completed in the Holocene.}, language = {en} } @misc{DistelHirschRaabetal., author = {Distel, Henrik and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Effects of slope aspect on soil development in the Canadian prairies: a digital approach}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabDisteletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Distel, Henrik and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Dynamics of pedogenic carbonates and their relation to slope aspects in the Rumsey area (Alberta, Canada)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{SutLohmannKnoopRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effect of the post treatments for biowaste-based digestateson water solubility of nutrients and iron-cyanide (Fe-CN)complex mobility}, series = {Land Degradation \& Development}, volume = {30}, journal = {Land Degradation \& Development}, number = {13}, issn = {1099-145X}, doi = {10.1002/ldr.3336}, pages = {1545 -- 1553}, abstract = {With recent policy developments, an increase in organic waste utilization is expected. However, the use of organic amendments to reduce the mobility of iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes and simultaneously promote vegetation growth has not been studied before. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of (a) drying, (b) composting, and (c) pelletizing on the ability of digestates (biowastes from an anaerobic treatment of municipal organic waste) to provide easily available nutrients and stabilize Fe-CN complexes. Extraction with deionized water resulted in a considerably higher nutrient and carbon elution from air-dried and oven-dried digestates (50\% dry matter [DM] of total K, 11\% DM Mg, 7\% DM Ca, and 6\% DM C). Mixer-pelletized digestates stand out among the composted samples (42\% of total K, 3\% DM C, 5\% DM P, 1.5\% DM Mg, and 1\% DM Ca). The adsorption experiment showed the highest significant tot. CN conc. reduction using noncomposted, air-dried (100\%), and oven-dried (82\%) digestates. Significant correlations have been found for Mg, Ca, and dissolved organic carbon elution and slightly acidic pH as well as CN adsorption. The Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed Fe-CN complexation on inorganic (K₂Mn[Feᴵᴵ(CN)₆] and NH₄Fe[Feᴵᴵ(CN)₆]) and organic constituents indicating formation of nitriles. Air- and oven-dried digestates showed the most promising results in terms of nutrients' availability and ability to decrease Fe-CN complex mobility.}, language = {en} } @misc{DietrichHirschHeinrichetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Hirsch, Florian and Heinrich, Martina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Bodenverbesserer aus Bioabfall -Potenzial aufbereiteter G{\"a}rrestprodukte aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die C-und N-Freisetzung im Boden}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 434}, abstract = {Die starke Beanspruchung unserer B{\"o}den durch intensive Landnutzung f{\"u}hrt weltweit zur stetigen Degradation der organischen Substanz in B{\"o}den, was mit einem R{\"u}ckgang des Bodenlebens und der Bodenfruchtbarkeit einhergeht. Um die Bodenfunktionen zu sch{\"u}tzen und besonders die Produktivit{\"a}t von B{\"o}den langfristig zu gew{\"a}hrleisten, bedarf es der R{\"u}ckf{\"u}hrung von organischer Substanz. Neben klassischen Strategien (Kompost/Dung/G{\"u}lle-Eintr{\"a}ge) stellen auch organische Abf{\"a}lle der Lebensmittelproduktionund -verwertung aus Industrie und privaten Haushalten einen wertvollen Rohstoff dar, der zur Anreicherung oder Wiederaufbau von Bodenhumus genutzt werden kann. Im Rahmen des von der ILB gef{\"o}rderten EFRE-StaF-Projektes G{\"a}rprodukte aus Bioabf{\"a}llen f{\"u}r die Landwirtschaft als Element einer nachhaltigen Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft und Energiebereitstellung soll das Potenzial bewertet werden, das mittels Rollagglomeration hergestellte G{\"a}rrestpellets besitzen, um Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff in B{\"o}den anreichern zu k{\"o}nnen.Dar{\"u}ber hinaus soll die Technologie der Pelletherstellung optimiert werden, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der gezielten Zugabe von organischen und mineralischen Zuschlagsstoffen liegt. Untersucht werden G{\"a}rreste aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung (Pfropfenstromfermenter) mit einer nachgelagerten Kompostierung im Labor-Technikum unter Zugabe von Zuschlagsstoffen (Melasse, Holzkohle, Bentonit, etc.) bei der Pelletierung. Das Abbauverhalten der so hergestellten G{\"a}rrestpellets im Boden wird mit Hilfe eines S{\"a}ulenversuchs unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Bodenart, Ausbringtiefe, Ausbringmenge, Boden-pH, Bodenfeuchte, Perkolationsrate, Temperatur, etc. betrachtet. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Freisetzung von Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff sowohl im Eluat als auch in der Bodenluft. Bisherige Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die G{\"a}rreste durch Pelletierung deutlich abbaustabiler werden und der Abbau der G{\"a}rrestpellets durch die Zuschlagsstoffe gezielt beeinflusst werden kann. Des Weiteren besitzen die pelletierten G{\"a}rreste verbesserte Lager-, Transport-und Applikationseigenschaften, die besonders bei der {\"o}konomischen Bewertung des Produkts sich als positiv darstellen.}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschBonhageBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Genese rubefizierter B{\"o}den in Mitteleuropa -multifaktorieller S{\"a}ulenversuch und feldbodenkundliche Kartierung}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 438}, abstract = {Rubefizierte B{\"o}den wie die f{\"u}r Nordostdeutschland beschriebenen ‚Fuchserden' (WRB: Rhodic Brunic Arenosols oder Chromic Brunic Arenosols) sind nicht nur ein lokales Ph{\"a}nomen. Auch wenn die Genese der ‚Fuchserden' bisher nicht abschließend gekl{\"a}rt ist, so widerlegt deren Vorkommen auf post-LGM zeitlichen Sedimenten eine pr{\"a}-pleistoz{\"a}ne Bodenbildung. Des Weiteren zeigen die bisherigen Untersuchungen in Nordostdeutschland und Polen, dass Fuchserden nicht durch in-situ Verwitterung entstanden sind, sondern dassdie rubefizierten Horizonte durch eine allochthone Anreicherung von Eisen entstanden sind und somit das Relief ein wesentlicher bodenbildender Faktor ist. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus scheint die Textur f{\"u}r die laterale Verlagerung bzw. Anreicherung immanent f{\"u}r die Genese der Fuchserden zu sein, da rubefizierte Horizonte zumindest auf den untersuchten Standorten in Nordostdeutschland bisher ausschließlich auf sandigem Substrat anzutreffen sind. Um die f{\"u}r die Genese der Fuchserden relevanten physiogeographischen und pedochemischen Parameter zu identifizieren, soll mittels einer Kombination aus feldbodenkundlicher Kartierung und nachgestellten S{\"a}ulenversuchen im Labor die Bildung von Fuchserden unter kontrollierten Bedingungen untersucht werden. Hierf{\"u}r werden neben bekannten Profilen bisher nicht weiter beschriebene Standorte mit Fuchserden feldbodenkundlich aufgenommen, um eine gr{\"o}ßere Breite naturr{\"a}umlicher Daten bzw. verschiedener Entstehungsbedingungen zu erhalten. Varianten mit unterschiedlichen physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Ausgangssubstraten sowie Reliefpositionen bilden die Basis f{\"u}r einen mehrfaktoriellen S{\"a}ulenversuch, der unter naturnahen Bedingungen in der Klimakammer stattfindet. Derzeit laufende Vorversuche zeigen, dass eine Ausf{\"a}llung r{\"o}tlicher Eisenoxiden aus eisenhaltigen L{\"o}sungen im Kapillarbereich sandiger Substrate bereits innerhalb weniger Wochen stattfindet und die Entstehung von rubefizierten Horizonten in Fuchserden m{\"o}glicherweise durch die Anlieferung eisenhaltiger L{\"o}sungen limitiert ist.}, language = {de} } @misc{SutLohmannJonczakRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Jonczak, Jerzy and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Phytofiltration of chosen metals by aquarium liverwort (Monosoleum tenerum)}, series = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}, volume = {Vol. 188}, journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}, issn = {1090-2414}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109844}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Aquatic bryophytes are widely used as indicators of water pollution with various substances, including metals. We present a first study concerning the feasibility of Monosoleum tenerum to remove potentially toxic metals Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe from water. The novel approach to study the bioaccumulation under controlled conditions and in vitro grown aquarium liverworts was applied. The plants were exposed to 1, 10 and 100 ppm multi-metal solution for 7 days and subsequently the metal content was determined in plant material and media to calculate the bioaccumulation factor (BAF). The study revealed various accumulation behavior (metal and dose dependent), which followed the order of Cu > Zn > Mn > Ni > Fe for 1 ppm; Zn > Cu > Mn > Fe > Ni for 10 ppm and Cu > Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn for 100 ppm solution. However, with increasing Cu, Mn and Ni concentration in the solution, BAF decreased. For Zn the highest BAF value (136) was obtained for the 10 ppm solution. Fe bioaccumulation increased with the increasing solution concentration. After 7 week exposure, the results indicated highest accumulation of Cu (3,25 mg) followed by Fe (1,8 mg) in the plant tissue for the 100 ppm solution. Overall, the bryophyte M. tenerum demonstrate high potential for the removal of toxic metals from the multi-metal solution via accumulation in plant tissue. The BAF values were proper to indicate the use of M. tenerum for phytofiltration of waste waters affected by Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe.}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanRaabHirsch, author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Distribution of silty mantles in soils of the Northcentral Appalachians, USA}, series = {Catena}, volume = {194}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.104701}, pages = {15}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannJonczakParzychetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Jonczak, Jerzy and Parzych, Agnieszka and Šimansk{\´y}, Vladim{\´i}r and Poll{\´a}kov{\´a}, Nora and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Accumulation of airborne potentially toxic elements in Pinus sylvestris L. bark collected in three Central European medium-sized cities}, series = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}, volume = {200}, journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}, issn = {0147-6513}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110758}, pages = {11}, language = {en} } @misc{JonczakJankiewiczKondrasetal., author = {Jonczak, Jerzy and Jankiewicz, Ursula and Kondras, Marek and Kruczkowska, Bogusława and Oktaba, Lidia and Oktaba, Jarosław and Olejniczak, Izabella and Pawłowicz, Edyta and Poll{\´a}kov{\´a}, Nora and Raab, Thomas and Regulska, Edyta and Słowińska, Sandra and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena}, title = {The influence of birch trees (Betula spp.) on soil environment - A review}, series = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {477}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, issn = {0378-1127}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118486}, pages = {13}, language = {en} } @misc{EltaherBonhageRaabetal., author = {Eltaher, Mahmoud and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Breuß, Michael}, title = {A modified Mask R-CNN approach for automated detection of archaeological sites on high resolution LiDAR-derived DEMs}, series = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, journal = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, publisher = {Cottbus}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5363}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-53633}, pages = {50}, language = {en} } @misc{KlosSutLohmannRaabetal., author = {Klos, Friederike and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Innovative Drone-based Hyperspectral Detection of Heavy Metals (Ni, Zn, and Cu) in Plants cultivated for Phytomining}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9370}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannKnoopRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effect of drying, composing and pelletizing of biowaste-based digestates on providing water soluble nutrients and stabilizing iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8013}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschMatvejevaDietrichetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Matvejeva, Agne and Dietrich, Nils and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Cultivation of industrial hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19138}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanRaabHirsch, author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {The presence of silty mantles in Northcentral Appalachian, USA soils and their relevance to pedology}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5661}, language = {en} } @misc{DietrichWilkinsonHirschetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Wilkinson, Daniel and Hirsch, Florian and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Geschke, Antonia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Microplastics and earthworms in soils: A case study on translocation, toxicity and fate}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7430}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabBłaszkiewicz, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław}, title = {Evidence for an alternative concept of the Finow soil formation}, series = {Catena}, volume = {198}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0008-7769}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.105064}, pages = {14}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanBayuzickDiefenbachetal., author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Bayuzick, Samuel and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Northern Appalachian, USA relic charcoal hearths and their unique Ecological Fingerprint}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13618}, language = {en} } @misc{BayuzickDrohanRaabetal., author = {Bayuzick, Samuel and Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and McDill, Marc and Diefenbach, Duane}, title = {Relic charcoal hearths geomorphology and hydrology in mid-Appalachian region of Pennsylvania}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6243}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageBayuzickDrohanetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Bayuzick, Samuel and Drohan, Patrick J. and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Relict charcoal hearth landscape and soil profile characteristics surrounding a mid-19th century Appalachian iron furnace}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5691}, language = {de} } @misc{KaestnerSutLohmannRaabetal., author = {Kaestner, Friederike and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas and Feilhauer, Hannes and Chabrillat, Sabine}, title = {Remediation-related monitoring of heavy metal concentration of contaminated Technosol using hyperspectral measurements}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11479}, language = {en} } @misc{RamezanySutLohmannKlosetal., author = {Ramezany, Shaghayegh and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Klos, Friederike and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Using Modified Tessier Scheme to Metal Speciation in a Former Sewage Farm and interpretation of the sequential extraction by FTIR}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6482}, language = {de} } @misc{SutLohmannRamezanyKlosetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Ramezany, Shaghayegh and Klos, Friederike and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Spatial and vertical determination of chosen potentially toxic metals and soil properties on a former sewage farm near Berlin}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4220}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannRamezanyKaestneretal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Ramezany, Shaghayegh and K{\"a}stner, Friederike and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Feasibility of pXRF to evaluate chosen heavy metals in soil highly influenced by municipal waste disposal - a Former Sewage Farm Monitoring Study}, series = {Land Degradation \& Development}, volume = {33}, journal = {Land Degradation \& Development}, number = {3}, issn = {1099-145X}, doi = {10.1002/ldr.4147}, pages = {439 -- 451}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannRamezanyKaestneretal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Ramezany, Shaghayegh and K{\"a}stner, Friederike and Raab, Thomas and Heinrich, Martina and Grimm, Mark}, title = {Using modified Tessier sequential extraction to specify potentially toxic metals at a former sewage farm}, series = {Journal of Environmental Management}, volume = {304}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, issn = {1095-8630}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114229}, pages = {10}, language = {en} } @misc{KaestnerSutLohmannRamezanyetal., author = {K{\"a}stner, Friederike and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Ramezany, Shaghayegh and Raab, Thomas and Feilhauer, Hannes and Chabrillat, Sabine}, title = {Estimating heavy metal concentrations in Technosols with reflectance spectroscopy}, series = {Geoderma}, volume = {406}, journal = {Geoderma}, issn = {0016-7061}, doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115512}, language = {en} } @misc{SekhriRaabDrohan, author = {Sekhri, Simran and Raab, Thomas and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {A Model Approach Assessing The Soil Properties Of Raised Bed Landscapes}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7137}, abstract = {Common anthropogenic surface features across Scotland and Ireland are raised beds, which are agronomic ridges and furrows created prior to the 20th century to improve agricultural yield. Creating a raised bed improves yield by providing to the root zone better soil drainage, suitable micro-climatic conditions, and enrichment of organic matter and nutrients. Raised beds are structurally identifiable and can be examined using remote sensing techniques such as LIDAR imagery or aerial photography to analyze different dimensions of raised bed units. We examined the geomorphic parameters (height, length, breadth, ridge shape, furrow depth, unit orientation and block size) of raised beds found in the Fancroft region of County Offlay, Ireland. We developed a model of raised bed structural components and the distribution and change in soil properties including soil drainage, texture, horizon differentiation, soil colour, nutrient distribution, organic matter movement and the carbon influx and outflow have been provided. Our study aims to elucidate the typical geomorphic properties of raised bed landscapes, their basic chemical and physical soil properties and the landform attributes that may influence soil properties. Overall, the conceptual basis of raised bed landscapes have been visualised and presented to formulate an ideal raised bed theoretical model. Such a comprehensive model can be further extended to learn more about ancient agricultural practices, heritage, a causal link between present day and historical farming practices.}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanBayuzickGuarinetal., author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Bayuzick, Samuel and Guarin, Daniel and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc}, title = {USA Appalachian relict charcoal hearths have complex landscape and pedologic patterns that are unique from surrounding forest ecosystems}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-10315}, abstract = {Understanding how present-day abrupt change may alter forest ecosystem services is becoming more important due to ever-growing anthropogenic stresses. Forest managers trying the adapt to anthropogenic stress can benefit from the study and quantification of past abrupt changes in forests, especially when the legacy of past disturbance is still evident. Across the United Kingdom, Europe, and recently the northeastern United States, the examination of historic forest change due to charcoal manufacturing for the firing of iron or lime furnaces is yielding new insights relative to landscape stability, anthropogenic vs natural soil genesis, and forest evolution. A landscape classification process was used in the Central Appalachians (Pennsylvania) to identify 6,758 RCHs near Greenwood Furnace (Greenwood Furnace State Park) and Pine Grove Furnace (Pine Grove Furnace State Park). Topographic wetness index (TWI), and SAGA wetness index (SWI) were created using ~1m LiDAR data for two study areas to quantify surface hydrology effects and were compared to field soil volumetric water content (VWC) measurements. Modeled TWI and SWI values were different for RCH areas when compared to surrounding non-hearth areas indicating that RCHs were acting as a moisture sink. We also found that RCH platforms have different TWI and SWI values than rim areas. Using field measured volumetric water content, we found that as distance from the center of the RCH increases, the drier the soil becomes. Geomorphic position did not affect wetness. Surface soil samples were collected at 51 RCHs in the Greenwood Furnace study area. Laboratory analyses revealed that RCH soils have higher C content than surrounding native soils. Furthermore, while the pH of RCH soils is like native soils, the acidity is greater in RCHs. RCH soils at Greenwood Furnace were found to have lower Mehlich 3 P concentrations and lower K potentially effecting plant growth. RCH soils were found to have higher Ca concentration when compared to native soils. To examine within RCH differences in soil chemistry and morphology more closely, 8 of the 51 RCHs were sampled intensely along a topographic gradient. Control pits were excavated directly upslope from the RCHs. The RCHs were sampled in 5 positions across the hearth from the upslope to down slope position (A upslope rim of the RCH; B halfway point between A and C; C RCH center; D halfway C and E; E downslope rim of the RCH). Soil profiles were described and sampled at each position. The soil samples were analyzed for trace and rare earth element content (Aqua Regia digestion), soil pH (water) and fertility (Mehlich 3 extraction). Results indicated that RCHs are potentially a unique location of refugia for forest flora and perhaps fauna due to the unique geochemistry with higher bases and C and some concentrated metals and a higher soil water content hypothesized to be due to an observed restrictive morphology. Future research should more closely investigate whether RCHs support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today's forest biodiversity.}, language = {en} } @misc{RamezanyBonhageRaab, author = {Ramezany, Shaghayegh and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Comparing prediction algorithms in FTIR-based chemometric analysis to predict soil variables within centuries-old charcoal rich Technosols}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5507}, abstract = {As an alternative to the costly wet chemical analysis of soil, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can be applied for the quantification of soil properties through prediction models. In this study, we evaluate the performances of the Random Forest (RF) algorithm and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), in the prediction of soil variables, including CEC, pH, total contents of C and N as wells as other elements (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Mg, K, and Na) based on FTIR-spectra of Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) soils and reference forest soils (Non-RCH). We investigate the effect of high quantities of charcoal in the soil on the prediction models. Preliminary results suggest that there is no significant difference in the results of prediction models for total N, C, and Fe contents, while the accuracy of PLSR in the prediction of pH, Mg, and Ca, and RF performance in prediction of pH and C decreased for RCH soils. Both algorithms demonstrate higher accuracies in the prediction of Al within the RCH soils. Prediction of CEC, Na, K, Mg (RF) within the RCH soils, Al (PLSR) for Non-RCH soils, and Mn and Ca (RF) for both soil types resulted in lower quality of predictions. It can be inferred from the results that the performance of FTIR-based prediction models can be affected by the presence of charcoal in soil due to the nature of spectral features reflecting the soil composition. The presence of charcoal in soil likely alters the absorption interference and peak overlaps, which can result in lower accuracy of the prediction models. In addition to the accuracy of the prediction models, we evaluate the reliability of the weighted wavenumbers (as important variables) in each prediction, which provides information about the correlation of spectral features and chemical properties. It can be studied through the Variable Importance Plot in RF and Variable Importance on Projection through PLSR (VIPs), which show high potential for studying soil composition and metal distribution in mineral and organic soil fractions despite the observed weaknesses in weighing wavenumbers in predictions. Therefore, we assess and compare the quality of information gained regarding soil chemical properties from the algorithms besides a sole quantification of soil parameters. Furthermore, we applied the developed prediction models on a large number (n > 600) of FTIR-spectra of RCH soils to investigate the practical application of the models and thereby compare spectral derived chemical properties of the studied Technosols and reference forest soils.}, language = {en} } @misc{MatvejevaSutLohmannDietrichetal., author = {Matvejeva, Agne and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Fiber hemp as a feasible crop for enhancing carbon sequestration and cultivation under water scarcity in sandy agricultural soils}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2564}, abstract = {Extended dry periods and increasing soil degradation compel the conventional agriculture to shift towards the sustainable practices. Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) accounts for crops that require low agricultural inputs and has a high potential to improve soil health hence fertility. The rapid hemp growth, high biomass production and remarkably expanded rooting zone have the vast potential in carbon (C) sequestration and nitrogen (N) fixation. Hemp fibers in the European Union (EU) are commonly used for pulp and paper industry and isolation materials. The study aims to (i) analyze hemp feasibility to grow and contribute to C sequestration under the water scarce conditions in initially nutrient-poor arable sandy soil with high and low canopy densities, and (ii) assess the use of hemp residues like shives and leaves as soil amendments for oat and corn crops in order to increase soil water holding capacity and serve as a long-term nutrient supply. Hemp, oat and corn crops were grown in a greenhouse experiment under LED illumination and wind ventilation for 17 h per day until the harvest. Hemp fibers were obtained through decortication. The biomass of all crops, hemp roots separated into fine and main, soil prior and after the experiment, and soil amendments were investigated for the total C and N content with an ELEMENTAR Vario Max Cube. Also, the elemental analysis for Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Na was performed using HNO3 and MP-AES analyses. Total dry root mass for oat and corn crops was measured. Additionally, the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. The results showed that water scarcity had hindered hemp height and biomass production. While under the water limited conditions, the low hemp canopy density had showed slightly advanced growth in comparison to the high canopy density. Furthermore, the results of oat and corn experiment indicated difference between the treatments, where the soil amendment from hemp leaves compared to hemp shives showed enhanced growth in both plant and root biomass}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannMatvejevaDietrichetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Matvejeva, Agne and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Cultivation of fiber hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting in a closed system}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-1681}, abstract = {Progressing degradation of agricultural soil demands a change to more sustainable cropping systems accounting for crops that can sustain the soil health. Hemp is known for the improvement of soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The objective of the research is to analyze the hemp plant capability to grow under nutrient poor soil conditions and dense canopy and to assess hemp's ability to uptake plant nutrients applied with/by soil amendments produced from biowaste. Additionally, the research aims to analyze how the hemp nutrition affects its morphogenesis, thus the fiber content. In the greenhouse set up, Cannabis Sativa L. was grown in sandy substrate, with limited water supply that corresponded to the common drought periods in Brandenburg (Germany) and with addition of soil amendments in form of pellets from organic waste (OW) digestives. The treatments included: 5 control pots, 10 pots with pellets (19 kg soil / 230 g pellets according to the allowed application of 13 t/ha) and 10 pots with 19 kg soil / 3 kg pellets. When needed, a universal liquid fertilizer was applied which contained water soluble minerals like N, P2O5 and K2O. After 92 days, the plants were harvested, dried and weighted. The root structure was examined visually. The stems were decorticated using BMS-FLAKSY® (Rossmanith GmbH) to analyze the fiber content. The Elementar vario MAX cube analyzer device was used to analyse C and N contents. The results showed that hemp could still flourish in water and nutrient limited environment. A deeper and denser rooting was observed in the treatments with pellets. It was observed that fine roots were encircled and attached to the pellets to access the nutrients stored there. The highest C:N ratio in soil and in leaves was found in treatments that contained the most pellets. The option to apply pellets produced from OW in larger quantities instead of a fertilizer application had a striking effect on hemp growth and biomass accumulation hence, increased dry matter amount and fiber yield.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BorkFritzschKhamnuevaWendtetal., author = {Bork, Hans-Rudolf and Fritzsch, Dagmar and Khamnueva-Wendt, Svetlana and Meier, Dirk and Mentzer, Susan M. and Miller, Christopher E. and Raab, Thomas and R{\"o}pke, Astrid and Schumacher, Mara Lou and Stahlschmidt, Mareike C. and St{\"a}uble, Harald and Stolz, Christian and Wendt, Jann}, title = {K{\"u}nstliche Ablagerungen}, series = {Geoarch{\"a}ologie}, booktitle = {Geoarch{\"a}ologie}, editor = {Stolz, Christian and Miller, Christopher E.}, publisher = {Springer Spektrum}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-62774-7_10}, pages = {165 -- 206}, abstract = {Der fachgerechten Einordnung von Ablagerungen, die aktiv durch den Menschen erzeugt wurden, und der daraus resultierenden Formen kommt in der Geoarch{\"a}ologie eine Schl{\"u}sselrolle zu. Das Kapitel befasst sich zun{\"a}chst mit k{\"u}nstlichen Aufsch{\"u}ttungen in unterschiedlichen Teilen der Welt, wie H{\"u}geln unterschiedlicher Gr{\"o}ße, Bedeutung und Funktion, Wallburgen, Ringw{\"a}lle, Landwehren und Warften, weiterhin mit Siedlungsh{\"u}geln, sogenannten Tells, sowie mit speziellen Formen der Agrarlandschaft (Raine, Knicks u. a.). Weiterhin geht es um die in der Arch{\"a}ologie stets bedeutsamen Verf{\"u}llungen von Gr{\"a}ben, Gruben und anderen menschgemachten Hohlformen, sowie um Ablagerungen im unmittelbaren Siedlungsbereich und deren Einordnung. Der letzte Abschnitt widmet sich k{\"u}nstlichen Ablagerungen und Formen infolge von Bergbau, wie Halden und Pingen und der damit verbundenen Beeinflussung von B{\"o}den und Relief.}, language = {de} } @misc{BurasHirschSchneideretal., author = {Buras, Allan and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Scharnweber, Tobias and Maaten, Ernst van der and Cruz-Garc{\´i}a, Roberto and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin}, title = {Reduced above-ground growth and wood density but increased wood chemical concentrations of Scots pine on relict charcoal hearths}, series = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {717}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, issn = {1879-1026}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137189}, abstract = {Deciphering the drivers of tree growth is a central aim of dendroecology. In this context, soil conditions may play a crucial role, since they determine the availability of water and nutrients for trees. Yet, effects of systematically differing soil conditions on tree growth render a marginally studied topic. In this context, relict charcoal hearths (RCH) - a widespread legacy of anthropogenic charcoal production - render a valuable 'natural' experiment to study possible effects of artificially altered soil conditions on tree growth. We hypothesize, that the differing physico-chemical properties of RCH result in differing wood properties if compared to trees growing on unmodified soils. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed tree-growth, wood density, and wood elemental concentrations of Scots pine as well as physico-chemical soil properties. We applied a classic control-treatment design to compare RCH with unmodified soils. Our analyses identified significantly lower above-ground wood production but systematically higher wood elemental concentrations in RCH-trees compared to control trees. Since we could not identify treatment-specific growth patterns, we hypothesize the observed lower above-ground productivity of Scots pine to indicate an increased root-shoot ratio to compensate for a potentially lower plant water availability on RCH-sites. The observed higher wood elemental concentrations likely reflect higher soil elemental concentrations of Fe, Ca, K, and Mn in RCH soils. In conclusion, our study highlights diverse effects of RCH on tree growth and wood properties and strengthens the value of dendro-chemistry to use the tree-ring archive as proxy for soil conditions within a dendro-ecological context.}, language = {en} } @misc{KaestnerSutLohmannGrimmetal., author = {K{\"a}stner, Friederike and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Grimm, Mark and Feilhauer, Hannes and K{\"u}ster, Theres and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Identification of potential toxic elements (PTE) in Technosols and in the hyperaccumulator plant Brassica juncea with imaging spectroscopy}, series = {12th EARSeL Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy}, journal = {12th EARSeL Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy}, pages = {152}, abstract = {Vital, fertile soil is a limited resource and must be considered equal to air and water in its status as a protected good. In Europe, there are around 2.5 million potentially contaminated due to natural and anthropogenic activities. One third of these areas have been identified and 15\% of them have already been remediated. An efficient approach for remediation is phytoremediation, a cost-effective and ecosystem-friendly method compared to conventional methods. We showed that hyperaccumulator plants, which have a high tolerance to the accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTE), are suitable for phytoremediation methods. Imaging spectroscopy allowed us to monitor and optimize the process of accumulation. Our study was conducted in two steps: First we analysed the potential of multivariate procedures using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) to predict highly contaminated areas with an inhomogeneous distribution of PTE concentrations from image data. Therefore, we used contaminated soil samples analysed for heavy metal contents as training data. The fully-trained models assisted to monitor PTE contaminated areas during phytoremediation. In a second step, we investigated hyperaccumulator plants and their spectral fingerprints during PTE uptake to detect the highest possible amount of PTE the plant can tolerate. Soil samples were measured after different preparation steps ("oven-dried", "sieved", "ground", "Loss on Ignition (LOI)") with a HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e hyperspectral sensor under laboratory conditions. The spectral range of both sensors covers 450 nm to 2500 nm with a spectral sampling interval of 3.7 nm for the VNIR sensor and 6.25 nm for the SWIR sensor. The resulting spectral library was used for the PLSR and RFR analysis. Considering the optimal coefficient of determination (R2), PLSR showed an improving performance and accuracy with increasing preparation steps: R2_Cr: 0.52-0.78; R2_Cu: 0.36-0.73; R2_Ni: 0.19-0.42 and R2_Zn: 0.41-0.74. In comparison, RFR showed a weaker estimation performance, even when using higher sample preparation levels (R2_Cr:0.36-0.62; R2_Cu: 0.17-0.72; R2_Ni: 0.20-0.35 and R2_Zn: 0.26-0.67). The results indicate that PLSR provides a more robust estimation than the user-friendly RFR method. Additionally, the PTE estimation performance in strong heterogeneous soil samples can be improved by pre-treatment of soil samples in the laboratory. Second, we cultivated Brassica juncea in a greenhouse and applied the plants with different controlled zinc, nickel and copper concentration levels (low, medium, high). Measurements with a HySpex VNIR-SWIR hyperspectral sensor (408-2500 nm) and a point spectrometer PSR+ from Spectral Evolution (350-2500 nm) were conducted in-situ and in the laboratory. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on reflectance spectra to identify and visualize spectral changes with increasing PTE uptake. In addition, different indices were calculated, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Red-Edge Inflection Point (REIP). First results revealed changes at the chlorophyll feature between 500-600 nm and at the REIP position with increasing PTE concentration. Further spectral features and indices will be investigated to check hyperspectral responses of PTE concentration. With reflectance imaging we are already able to detect differences of the PTE accumulation within the hyperaccumulator plants.}, language = {en} } @misc{BayuzickGuarinBonhageetal., author = {Bayuzick, Samuel and Guarin, Daniel and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc and Raab, Thomas and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {Small anthropogenic landforms from past charcoal production control moisture dynamics and chemistry in northcentral Appalachian soils}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {415}, journal = {Geomorphology}, issn = {1872-695X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108379}, pages = {1 -- 11}, abstract = {Throughout the northeastern United States (U.S.) and Europe, relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are regularly being discovered in proximity to furnaces once used for the extraction of metal from ore or quick-lime production; charcoal produced in hearths was used as a furnace fuel. Given previous research has shown that topographic and subsurface disturbance can be great when a hearth is constructed, we hypothesize that hearth construction alters surface hydrology and soil chemistry in environments in and near hearths. We used a landscape classification process to identify 6758 hearths near furnaces at Greenwood and Pine Grove Furnace State Park, central and southcentral Pennsylvania, U.S. Two types of digital elevation model wetness indexes were used to quantify surface hydrology effects in and around hearths. Modeled wetness conditions were compared to field soil volumetric water content in RCHs near Greenwood Furnace State Park. Modeled wetness indexes indicate that RCH interiors are significantly wetter than RCH rim areas; RCHs are acting as a landscape moisture sink. Results also indicate that RCHs on slopes result in downslope drier conditions below RCHs. Field measured volumetric water content indicates that as distance from the center of the hearth increases, soil moisture significantly decreases. Geomorphic position was found to not be related to RCH wetness. Soil from RCHs, compared to nearby native soils, has significantly higher total C, a lower Mehlich 3 extractable acidity, higher Ca and P. No trend was evident with RCH soil chemistry and geomorphic position. The high frequency of RCH occurrence, in proximity to the furnace's RCHs supported, suggests that RCHs today could locally be an important niche for understory flora and fauna. Further research could explore how RCHs might be affecting surrounding plant populations and how within RCH patterns, especially on hillslopes, might represent a distinctly different scale of physical and chemical variability.}, language = {en} } @misc{BayuzickGuarinBenavidesetal., author = {Bayuzick, Samuel and Guarin, Daniel and Benavides, Jhony and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc and Raab, Thomas and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {422}, journal = {Geomorphology}, issn = {1872-695X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108525}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {Hearths used for 19th and 20th century charcoal manufacturing have been found to have unique plant communities or to produce unique growth characteristics for some species but not others. Given known differences in hearth morphology, within hearth physical and chemical differences may exist and result in unique ecologic niches. We examined soil stratigraphy across 8 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) and control soils on different landforms near a 19th century furnace complex (Greenwood Furnace, northcentral Appalachians USA). Soils were analyzed for particle size, total and trace elements, and fertility. Platform creation resulted in soils from upslope RCH positions mixed with subsurface materials on the downslope side to create a stabilized platform. The thin, uniform thickness of charcoal surface horizons (Ac) indicate that RCHs were not used more than once for charcoal manufacturing or that charcoal was always removed very efficiently. While rubification of soil or rock from high heat was seen in 6 of 8 sites sampled, it was not extensive across sampled areas of any one hearth, which indicate hearth use may not be frequent, hot enough, or spatially disparate. Soil fertility characteristics change within RCHs but also by landscape position. Downslope RCH positions are enriched in some parameters compared to control soils (total C, Mehlich 3 Mg, Ca, and Aquia Regia digestion Mn) and that enrichment often is from the surface downward. Downslope enrichment within RCH soils may have occurred from charcoal and released ions, slope erosion and accumulation, or transportation of constructed materials during RCH creation. Landscape position may accentuate or mute soil chemistry differences. Greenwood Furnace RCHs have unique patterns of chemistry, which could result in unique niches for flora and maybe fauna within RCH. Future research could more closely investigate whether hearths support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today's forest biodiversity.}, language = {en} } @misc{GrandasTaveraRaabHolguinTrujillo, author = {Grandas Tavera, Camila and Raab, Thomas and Holguin Trujillo, Laura}, title = {Valorization of biogas digestate as organic fertilizer for closing the loop on the economic viability to develop biogas projects in Colombia}, series = {Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy}, volume = {4}, journal = {Cleaner and Circular Bioeconomy}, doi = {10.1016/j.clcb.2022.100035}, abstract = {This study aims to find the best digestate valorization pathway in the Colombian context in order to foster biogas (BG) projects' economic viability and their sustainability. The GICON's BG power plant is intended to treat 19,710 t/y of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) from local wholesale markets in Cali, Colombia. Experimental feedstock and digestate characterization carried by Universidad ICESI and CIAT, integration of mass, energy, and nutrient balances of residues with the methodological approach based on structural analysis and expert's survey allowed further assessment of the BG project's economic viability on the proposed digestate valorization framework. Results suggested a significant profit by selling treated digestate through the vacuum evaporation (VE) technology. VE concentrated 27\% of nitrogen, 18\% of phosphorus, and 33\% potassium of the feedstock. Furthermore, it reduced the volume of water, facilitating product transportation and making the product commercially attractive. This alternative exhibited the highest revenue for the BG project, and its expenses were slightly higher than the ones calculated for raw and separated digestate. Also, a positive return of the investment and financially worthiness could be expected, making the project economically feasible. These results provide a useful tool to evaluate future events and serve as a reference to support the BG project's viability by integrating them with the BG project's financial model and adapt the required conditions for desirable technologies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{RossRaab, author = {Roß, Christina-Luise and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Auswirkungen auf biologische Bodeneigenschaften}, series = {Handbuch der Bodenkunde}, booktitle = {Handbuch der Bodenkunde}, editor = {Blume, Hans-Peter and Felix-Henningsen, Peter and Frede, Hans-Georg and Guggenberger, Georg and Horn, Rainer and Stahr, Karl}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-527-32129-2}, doi = {10.1002/9783527678495.hbbk2021008}, pages = {1 -- 19}, abstract = {Die Ausbringung von abbaubarem organischem Material wirkt sich in den meisten F{\"a}llen positiv auf die biologische Aktivit{\"a}t sowie die Vielfalt der mikrobiellen Arten (Bakterien und Eukaryoten) im Boden aus. Grunds{\"a}tzlich gilt dies auch f{\"u}r Bioabf{\"a}lle, allerdings lassen sich kaum generelle Aussagen treffen, da die Wirkung auf das Bodenleben zu stark von der Qualit{\"a}t des Abfalls abh{\"a}ngt. Einige Bioabfallarten, z. B. aus der Oliven{\"o}lgewinnung, k{\"o}nnen zudem ganz spezielle Probleme mit sich bringen, die eine Anwendung als D{\"u}ngeprodukt oder Bodenhilfsstoff erschweren oder vollst{\"a}ndig ausschließen. Insbesondere kommunale Abf{\"a}lle k{\"o}nnen außerdem Plastik enthalten, das durch Abrieb und Zerkleinerung zu Partikeln zerf{\"a}llt, die von Bodenorganismen unabsichtlich aufgenommen Zusammenfassung Die Ausbringung von abbaubarem organischem Material wirkt sich in den meisten F{\"a}llen positiv auf die biologische Aktivit{\"a}t sowie die Vielfalt der mikrobiellen Arten (Bakterien und Eukaryoten) im Boden aus. Grunds{\"a}tzlich gilt dies auch f{\"u}r Bioabf{\"a}lle, allerdings lassen sich kaum generelle Aussagen treffen, da die Wirkung auf das Bodenleben zu stark von der Qualit{\"a}t des Abfalls abh{\"a}ngt. Einige Bioabfallarten, z. B. aus der Oliven{\"o}lgewinnung, k{\"o}nnen zudem ganz spezielle Probleme mit sich bringen, die eine Anwendung als D{\"u}ngeprodukt oder Bodenhilfsstoff erschweren oder vollst{\"a}ndig ausschließen. Insbesondere kommunale Abf{\"a}lle k{\"o}nnen außerdem Plastik enthalten, das durch Abrieb und Zerkleinerung zu Partikeln zerf{\"a}llt, die von Bodenorganismen unabsichtlich aufgenommen werden k{\"o}nnen. Hinsichtlich Abundanz und Diversit{\"a}t der Mikroorganismen ist der N{\"a}hrstoffgehalt des Bioabfalls eine wesentliche Steuergr{\"o}ße. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei Stickstoff, Phosphor, Kalium und Kohlenstoff. Die Applikation organischer Reststoffe als D{\"u}nger kann auch einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur F{\"o}rderung von N{\"u}tzlingen und zur Bek{\"a}mpfung von sch{\"a}dlichen Makro- und Mikroorganismen leisten, da physikalische und chemische Bodeneigenschaften so ver{\"a}ndert werden, dass g{\"u}nstige Bedingungen f{\"u}r erw{\"u}nschte detritivore Gemeinschaften und sonstige N{\"u}tzlinge entstehen. Zum Teil werden die N{\"u}tzlinge sogar direkt mit dem organischen Material eingetragen, und Sch{\"a}dlinge k{\"o}nnen so durch Konkurrenz oder Pr{\"a}dation zur{\"u}ckgedr{\"a}ngt werden oder finden keine geeigneten Lebensbedingungen mehr vor. Krankheitserreger sind in organischen Abf{\"a}llen reichlich vorhanden, mittels Pasteurisierung (1 h bei 70 °C) werden die meisten Humanpathogene jedoch abget{\"o}tet. Damit wird ein direktes Gesundheitsrisiko nahezu ausgeschlossen und der zunehmenden Verbreitung von bakteriellen Antibiotikaresistenzgenen in der Umwelt entgegengewirkt.}, language = {de} } @misc{SutLohmannGrimmHeinrichetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Grimm, Mark and Heinrich, Martina and Baig, Sawdha and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil nitrogen pool and its fractions in German apple orchards under organic vs conventional management}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu23-3208}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Agriculture is a massive production with intensive practices, like large variety of agro-chemicals, heavy machinery etc., that support food security. However, recently more and more attention is given to food safety in relation to human, environment and soil health. An alternative strategy is organic agriculture that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and maintain the sustainable food production. But organic farming cannot completely support the worlds foods demand, so adaptation is needed to reach a sustainable productivity while protecting the environment. Soil nitrogen (N) pool consists of inorganic and organic fractions. Inorganic and a part of labile organic N is a primary nutrient source for plants and microbes. Different nitrogen fractions play various roles in soil ecosystems and can be strongly influenced by the site management. Soil nitrogen transformations are directly relatable to plant health, thus strongly influence healthy functioning of soil ecosystem. Knowledge about the soil nitrogen pools is necessary to assess the proper and sustainable fertilization approaches under various management practices. To evaluate various N fractions, fresh soil samples were sampled (20 cm depth, row and near tree) at 8 conventional and 8 organic apple farms (Germany: states of Brandenburg, Saxsony and Saxony-Anhalt), with various age, locations and management practices. Soil samples were analyzed using CNS, Kjeldhal digestion, spectrophotometer and chloroform fumigation. The aim of this study is to compare the total and labile (particulate organic, microbial biomass and water extractable organic) N fractions in soil samples considering various site management approaches, topography and climate.}, language = {de} } @misc{GrimmSutLohmannRaabetal., author = {Grimm, Mark and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas and Heinrich, Martina}, title = {Integrated analysis of Multifunctional Fruit production landscapes to promote ecosystem services and sustainable land-use under climate change (MultiFruit): Approaches and first results of soil sampling campaign}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12714}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Beginning in 2020 the research of the MultiFruit cluster seeks to optimize food production and the provision of ecosystem services in multifunctional landscapes. Joining agricultural production with the provision of ecosystem services and the preservation of biological diversity, the outcomes of this project aim to provide comprehensive findings to farmers, and the agricultural community as a whole, that are also applicable in the face of climate change. Active apple orchards located in greater Brandenburg, Germany of both organic and conventional management practices have been selected as the sites of research. The present state of organic apple orchards in Germany can best be described as organic "conventionalization"; high yielding orchards with little to no plant diversity, with the major differences being the substitution of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides with organic alternatives certified by the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (Bundesamt f{\"u}r Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit). The project implements an interdisciplinary approach, with researchers of ecology, economics, soil and microbial sciences. The ecological subproject is investigating how local management measures and the surrounding landscapes affect natural pest control by beneficial insects. The soil group are investigating the toxicological and soil health impacts of conventional and organic practices through analysis of both plant and soil material collected from the orchards. Microbial studies seek to provide information on the microorganisms that promote the growth, health, and performance of fruit trees. The economic studies aim to assess the costs and benefits of management measures and resulting pest control services for fruit growers and society as a whole. The overall expected outcome of this cluster is to maximize ecosystem services provided by the orchards while optimizing yield and maintaining soil and orchard health. Here we show the preliminary results of the 2021 field campaign related to the soil group. The processed plant and soil material was analyzed at our laboratory and total elemental concentration of all constituents was determined using Microwave assisted MP-AES for select metals and cations (Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, K). These results, in conjunction with measured soil properties (pH, EC, Scheibler carbonate measurement, Total N, Total C) aid in the effort to determine the effects of the various management practices on the soil health and the mobility and translocation of metals and cations within the plant tissues.}, language = {en} } @misc{VerschoofvanderVaartBonhageSchneideretal., author = {Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Ouimet, William and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Automated large-scale mapping and analysis of relict charcoal hearths in Connecticut (USA) using a Deep Learning YOLOv4 framework}, series = {Archaeological Prospection}, volume = {30}, journal = {Archaeological Prospection}, number = {3}, issn = {1099-0763}, doi = {10.1002/arp.1889}, pages = {251 -- 266}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannGrimmKaestneretal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Grimm, Mark and K{\"a}stner, Friederike and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Brassica juncea as a Feasible Hyperaccumulator of chosen potentially toxic metals under extreme environmental conditions}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research}, volume = {17}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research}, number = {3}, issn = {1735-6865}, doi = {10.1007/s41742-023-00528-8}, language = {de} } @misc{SutLohmannJonczakRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Jonczak, Jerzy and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Optimizing pyrolysis conditions of biochars derived from byproducts of forest and food industry for soil amendments}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, language = {en} }