@misc{BonhageMykhailovaHirschetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Mykhailova, Larysa and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Fischer, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Donovan, Sally and Ouimet, William}, title = {Effects of historical charcoal burning on soil landscapes in West Connecticut - Quantifying pyrogenic and organic soil carbon content of Technosols by FTIR analysis}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabOuimetetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Soils on Historic Charcoal Hearths: Terminology and Chemical Properties}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {Effects of Historical Charcoal Burning on Soil Landscapes in West Connecticut, USA}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{DonovanSchneiderHirschetal., author = {Donovan, Sally and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Thermal conductivity of charcoal-richsoils-preliminary results from a study on relict charcoal hearth (RCH) sites from Germany and the USA}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, pages = {1}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabHirschSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Geoecological legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning - Research questions and approaches}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil moisture monitoring on land use legacy soils - a study on relict charcoal hearth sites in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabRaabSchopper, author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schopper, Franz}, title = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, editor = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg, Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung}, address = {Cottbus}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-4817}, pages = {193}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabRaabHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Aghte, Markus}, title = {Historische K{\"o}hlerei und ihre Hinterlassenschaft - Ein {\"U}berblick}, series = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, journal = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, editor = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg, Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung}, address = {Cottbus}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-4817}, pages = {1 -- 22}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Verbreitung und Eigenschaften von Meilerb{\"o}den in Brandenburg}, series = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, journal = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, editor = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus - Senftenberg, Fachgebiet Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung}, address = {Cottbus}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-4817}, pages = {23 -- 42}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageMykhailovaHirschetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Mykhailova, Larysa and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William}, title = {FTIR-based inquiry on carbon in forest soil substrate enriched by aged biochar, West Connecticut, USA}, series = {Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweiz und der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Abstract-Band 2019}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweiz und der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Abstract-Band 2019}, pages = {S. 198}, abstract = {Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are sites of former charcoal production that are an increasingly well documented anthropogenic feature in forests of the temperate climate zone. However, the type and extent of a possible legacy effect from RCHs on soil physical and chemical properties is still largely unknown. In the Litchfield Hills in west Connecticut, RCH sites are located mainly on slopes and therefore differ in their architecture from lowland sites found in Europe. One of the striking characteristics of a RCH site regardless of its architecture is the enrichment of the soil with charcoal in varying particle sizes. In this study, we use chemical digestion coupled with a PLSR-model to quantify organic carbon and pyrogenic carbon in RCH substrate by MIR-DRIFT measurements. Furthermore, we analyse the quality of carbon compounds by MIR-DRIFT measurements on multiple grain size fractions to assess the post-burn enrichment of soil organic matter. Preliminary results show a markedly increase in organic and pyrogenic carbon in RCH substrates in relation to the natural forest soil. Also, our first results suggest that the enrichment of organic carbon is favoured on RCHsites. However, the causality between the enrichment of soil organic matter and site features remains open. Experiments using chemical extraction techniques on our samples hint at an increase of labile organic compounds and/or microbial biomass. This legacy effect of RCHs is however evident and further studies need to focus on how to address them.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderDonovanHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Donovan, Sara and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Der Einfluss von Relikten der historischen K{\"o}hlerei auf Bodentemperatur und -w{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 350}, abstract = {Die Beimengung von Holzkohle in B{\"o}den kann deutlichen Einfluss auf die physikalischen Bodeneigenschaften haben. Solche Effekte treten nicht nur in gezielt mit Holzkohle („biochar") angereicherten Ackerb{\"o}den auf, sondern auch auf den Standorten historischer Holzkohlemeiler (HKM), die in vielen Waldgebieten in großer Zahl vorkommen. Die pr{\"a}gendste Eigenschaft solcher B{\"o}den auf HKM ist eine technogene, kohlereiche Substratschicht, die {\"u}ber dem nat{\"u}rlich entwickelten Bodenprofil abgelagert ist. In j{\"u}ngster Zeitwurden in mehreren Studien ein von den umliegenden Waldb{\"o}den abweichendes Vegetationswachstum und eine abweichende C-Dynamik auf HKM festgestellt. Welche Bodeneigenschaften der HKM solche Unterschiede bewirken, ist aber noch unklar. Ein m{\"o}glicher, bisher kaum untersuchter Einflussfaktor ist die Bodentemperatur. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss von Holzkohlebeimengungen auf die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit und das Bodentemperaturregime von HKM-B{\"o}den zu charakterisieren. Untersucht wurden HKM auf sandigem Substrat in der Lausitz (Brandenburg). An zwei Standorten wurden Profile auf HKM und benachbarten Waldb{\"o}den f{\"u}r ein Monitoring der Bodentemperatur {\"u}ber jeweils ein Jahr instrumentiert, die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit von HKM-Schicht, Ah-, fAh-und Bv-Horizont wurde im Labor bestimmt. In einem Laborexperiment wurde zus{\"a}tzlich die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit von k{\"u}nstlich hergestellten Proben aus sandigem Substrat und Holzkohlefragmenten in unterschiedlichen Mischungsverh{\"a}ltnissen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutlich verringerte W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit des kohlereichen Substrats. Damit verbunden zeigen sich im Monitoring geringere Schwankungen der Bodentemperatur auf den HKM in tiefen Bereichen des Profils, in den obersten Dezimetern wurden hingegen st{\"a}rkere Schwankungen der Bodentemperatur festgestellt. Insgesamt zeigt sich damit ein noch {\"u}ber die technogene Substratschicht hinaus wirksamer Einfluss der typischen Eigenschaften des kohlereichen HKM-Substrats auf die Bodentemperatur.}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Aged biochar enriched substrate increases SOM stocks of forest soils in the North German Lowland}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 502}, abstract = {Recentfindings of more than 4000 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) in the forest district Tauer (Brandenburg, Germany) raise the question to what extent soil properties are controlled by a legacy effect of historical charcoal burning. RCH sites are characterized bya substantial admixture of charcoal fragments of varying particle sizes constituting an anthropogenic addition of carbon to the natural forest soil. Ages of about 250 years proven by dendrochronological dating of larger charcoal pieces on RCHs allow for assessing long-term effects of biochar application on forest soils. In this study, we measured the geometry and SOM content of 20 RCH sites in a selected part of the forest district. The results are the basis for a projection of RCH SOM stocks on a 40 ha forest plot with 120 RCH sites. In the range of statistical uncertainties it is shown that RCHs add between 13 \% and 32 \% of SOM to the SOM stock of the natural forest soil in the studied plot. These substantial amounts of SOM are so far not recognized by any soil survey or forest soil inventories of SOM and SOC stocks. In light of an increasing amount of studies that detect RCH sites in forests of Europe and the USA in the range of tens-and even hundreds of thousands, the question has to be asked how to address this legacy effect in ongoing scientific discussions about soil carbon stocks, carbon sequestration and the long-term effects of biochar application into soils.}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageHirschRaabetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William}, title = {Stratigraphy and shape of relict charcoal hearths in Connecticut, USA}, series = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, journal = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, address = {Cottbus}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5363}, pages = {29}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna}, title = {Fingerprints from past charcoal burning - lessons learned and future perspective studying Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCH)}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2949}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The temperature and moisture regime of charcoal-enriched land use legacy soils}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2339}, language = {en} } @misc{UchinoRaabBonhageetal., author = {Uchino, Kazuki and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Wechler, Klaus-Peter and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Spatial heterogeneity of buried and recent soils in a drift sand area in North-Eastern Germany}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2354}, abstract = {In the North European Lowland, on the sandy deposits of the Weichselian glaciation, soils developed during periods of landscape stability are often conserved under windblown sand. However, small-scale changes of sediments and other soil forming factors can result in high spatial variation of soil properties in these landscapes; and relocation of soil material by geomorphic processes further increases the spatial heterogeneity of the soil landscape. These spatial variations in soil properties and conservation need to be considered in order to correctly decipher and interpret the buried soils as records of past environmental conditions. In the forefield of the open-cast mine Cottbus-Nord, archaeological excavations in a dune and drift sand area revealed widespread buried soils of different characteristics. The densely spaced excavation trenches give exceptionally good insights into the pedosphere, allow for reconstructing the distribution of fossil and recent soils in a high spatial resolution, and offer good opportunities to improve the understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of soil formation. Remains of postpleistocene hunter-gatherer campsites were documented in archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. We recorded the stratigraphy of soil profiles along more than 15 trenches within an area of about 20 ha, and additionally described the position of buried soils from GPR surveys and microdrone photogrammetry. In a recently opened, 455 m long trench, all characteristic soils and sediments of the study region could be observed and stratigraphically connected. Within this trench, four profiles were identified for further research. Each profile was classified and described according to WRB and German Guidelines for Soil Mapping; and was sampled and investigated through laboratory analyses including determination of organic matter, total carbon and nitrogen contents, soil colour identification, texture analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurement, metal content analysis using X-ray fluorescence analyzer and pH measurement. The compaction and cementation of soil horizons was assessed in situ with a pocket penetrometer. Results show a small-scale mosaic of soils developed on fluvio-aeolian, limnic and aeolian sediments, high spatial variations in pedogenesis due to varying groundwater influence and intensity of horizontal and vertical leachate transport, and high variations in the erosion or conservation of fossil soils. The soil and sediment stratigraphy reflects several phases of landscape development: i) the formation of a Late Pleistocene soil on fluvio-aeolian deposits, ii) a fossilization by aeolian sands, iii) a stability phase with intensive podsolization and peat formation, and iv) a land use-induced aeolian remobilization of the sands.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabKimBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Kim, Minhye and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Initial processes of soil formation on Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCHs) in the Tauer Forest (Brandenburg, Germany)}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-3563}, abstract = {In the Tauer Forest, a woodland area north of the city of Peitz (Brandenburg, Germany), extensive charcoal burning was carried out from the mid-16th century to the mid-19th century resulting in numerous Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCHs). The most prominent feature of the soils on RCHs is the anthropogenically modified 20-30 cm thick RCH substrate that buries the former forest soil. The RCH substrate is a quite heterogenous mixture of mineral and organic compounds which were modified through heat during charring. It is characterized by its black color resulting from charcoal fragments (from fine dust to decimetre size pieces), lower bulk density, and higher porosity. After their use, the charcoal production sites were abandoned and soon became overgrown. Soil formation could commence in this anthropogenically modified RCH substrate. During recently conducted field work on RCHs in the Tauer Forest we detected features of initial podzolisation (bleaching of quartz grains) within this RCH substrate. To further investigate initial processes of soil formation (acidification, podzolisation, accumulation of soil organic matter) on RCHs, two different RCH sites were selected in the Tauer Forest: one RCH site in the forest district Tannenwald and one RCH site in the forest district Kleinsee. The Tannenwald site (RCH no. 29958) is situated in the western part of the Tauer Forest. It is an inland dune area with a coniferous forest (Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.) plantation. The forest soils are Podzols and the soils on the RCHs are classified as Spolic Technosols. The dense undergrowth consists of mainly blueberry (Vaccinium L.). Dendrochronological ages (determination by K-U Heußner, DAI Berlin) of charcoal pieces proof, that the charcoal hearth was used after 1655. The Kleinsee site (RCH no. 29424) is situated in the eastern part of the Tauer Forest. The parent material is sand from glaciofluvial sediments of the Weichselian glaciation. The forest soils are Brunic Arenosols (Protospodic) and the soils on the RCHs are classified as Spolic Technosols (Arenic). The deciduous forest is dominated by sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). The undergrowth is only scarce with some ferns (sporadic), blueberry (Vaccinium L.), some shoots of rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and some moss. There is no dendrochronological age available from the RCH, but RCHs nearby were dated from the 18th to the 19th centuries. At both sites, three soil monoliths were sampled on the RCH platform and three monoliths from the natural forest soil as reference soils. The soil monoliths were sampled continuously in 3 cm vertical spacings. Following lab analyses were carried out: pH (CaCl2), pH (H2O), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), CECeff and total concentrations of selected elements. Analyses of pedogenic Fe are in progress. First results of these study will be presented and discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{AlJobayerBlossPorschetal., author = {Al Jobayer, Md Adif and Bloß, Katharina and Porsch, Christopher and Maaten, Ernst van der and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Drought sensitivity of Pinus sylvestris L. on century old charcoal rich Technosols in the North-German Lowland}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7978}, abstract = {Soils on relict charcoal hearths (RCHs), i.e. aged charcoal rich Technosols, feature documented legacy effects regarding their physical and chemical soil properties. These forest soils result from the pre-/early-industrial production of charcoal in upright standing hearths. Today, RCHs are found in forested areas as circular microrelief structures with average diameters of about 10 meters that contain technogenic soil horizons of about 20 cm thickness. RCH soils are most distinctly characterized by their large content of pyrogenic soil organic matter and consequently increased total carbon contents. The resulting changes in the soils' cation exchange capacity, soil acidity, total nitrogen contents and total element stocks are often significant. Furthermore, changes in soil physical properties like a lower bulk density and a higher porosity result in changed soil-water- and temperature regimes. Combined, these effects potentially result in unique soil microhabitats that are restricted to relatively small, clearly defined areas in many forest ecosystems. Recent studies on RCH soils increasingly focus on potential changes in microbiological and vegetational composition and abundances and report diverse effects. Here, we study the effects of century old charcoal rich Technosols on the drought sensitivity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on three RCH sites located in Lower Lusatia, Saxony (Germany). Through dendrochronologial analysis of increment cores and historical climate data, we study climate-growth relationships for trees on RCH soils and reference forest soils for two periods (AD 1963-1992 \& AD 1990-2019). Furthermore, we determine pointer years and components of resilience to quantify the trees' reaction to extreme weather conditions. This analysis was accompanied by soil sampling and analysis on the RCH sites and adjacent reference forest soils. Here, we present preliminary results and discuss them in the context of findings from other studies on RCH soils.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabBonhageVerschoofvanderVaartetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter and Malik, Ireneusz and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Chauhan, Jai Singh and Thekkethala, Jeenus Joby}, title = {Soils on mining relicts in Upper Silesia, Poland - first results from the Mala Panew River catchment and the UNESCO heritage site Tarnowskie G{\´o}ry}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-969}, abstract = {The mining region of Upper Silesia has a long tradition with international significance. In 2017, the historic silver mine in Tarnowsky Gory was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. With the mining of galena (PbS), the region developed into one of the most important industrial centers in Central Europe in the 16th century. In addition to the underground galleries, the historical mining has left thousands of mining shafts as small relief forms, which have not been systematically investigated so far. Partly the mining shafts are associated with Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCH), another small form which is a result of charcoal production. In the Mala Panew River valley, north of Tarnowsky Gory, several tens of thousands of these RCH are found, which could be mapped by LiDAR in recent years. More detailed pedological investigations, which would allow a systematic comparison with other known RCH sites, are missing so far. Within the framework of a Polish-German cooperation project, we started in 2021 to investigate the mining shafts and the RCH in Tarnowsky Gory and in the Mala Panew River valley from a pedological-sedimentological point of view. At the RCH sites on the Mala Panew River, we focused on the following questions: How was the soil stratigraphy changed by the RCH construction? What are main processes of soil development before and after RCH construction? What was the role of the pits surrounding the RCH? How do the sites differ from the RCHs at Tarnowsky Gory especially with respect to soil properties and soil genesis? In Tarnowsky Gory, where a RCH was excavated directly next to a mining shaft, the following questions were in focus: How did the mining activity change soil distribution and soil properties? What are main processes of soil development on the different parts? What is the origin of the pit infill? What is the origin of the shaft rim deposits? Our work program included the construction of excavator trenches across the mining remains, construction, description and sampling of soil profiles along the trenches, schematic drawing of the soil stratigraphy, and laboratory analyses for the determination of texture, Munsell color, pH (CaCl2, H20), CaCO3 content, Ctotal \& Ntotal and total elements by FPXRF. We present the first results of the ongoing investigations.}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageRaabRaabetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Ramezany, Shaghayegh and Ouimet, William}, title = {Pyrogenic carbon in temperate forests - long-lasting impact of historical charcoal production on soils and ecosystems}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8312}, abstract = {Pre- and early industrial charcoal production has left a striking legacy effect on today's soil landscapes in many forests of Central Europe and the North Eastern USA. Charcoaling in upright standing hearths (also called kilns) resulted in distinct circular micro relief structures, easily identifiable today in the field and on high resolution LiDAR-based digital elevation maps. Soils on these sites are characterized by one or multiple layers of decimetre thick charcoal rich substrate, which makes them Spolic Technosols according to the WRB soil classification. The focus of research on these sites increasingly deals with the difference of their soil physical and chemical properties in relation to unaffected forest soils and the potential implications for changes in vegetation and faunal growth. The controlling factor thereby is the soils large content of charcoal in various particle sizes, ranging from fine dust to large chunks. Studies have repeatedly shown the soils significant increase in total organic- and pyrogenic carbon content. The increase in total carbon stocks is thereby not only caused by pyrogenic carbon, but also by an apparently increased accumulation of non-pyrogenic organic matter. Here we present the latest findings regarding the carbon contents of centennially old charcoal rich technogenic substrates, sampled as part of multiple research projects in Brandenburg, Germany and the Litchfield hills in North-western Connecticut, USA. A focus will be the determination of highly aromatic carbon by the molecular marker Benzene-polycarboxylic acid (BPCA) and its prediction by FTIR-MIR chemometric methods. We discuss the results on forest soil carbon stocks on a site specific to a landscape and regional scale. Furthermore, the potential to use these sites to study the long term effects of charcoal admixture to soils by wildfires or biochar application will be discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderBonhageRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture in land-use legacy forest soils in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2182}, abstract = {Soil physical properties can show high heterogeneity in forest soils, implying a high spatial variability of soil moisture and plant water availability. Legacy effects of past land use, resulting in a small-scale mosaic of anthropogenically modified and unmodified soils in forest areas, further increase this spatial heterogeneity. The soils associated with relict charcoal hearths (RCH), most prominently characterized by a technogenic layer rich in charcoal fragments, are a widespread example for such land use legacy soils in forest areas. The objective of our study was to characterize the soil moisture regime of forest soils and RCH soils on sandy substrates in the northeastern German lowlands; and in particular to assess the long-term effect of the prolonged summer drought period in 2018 on spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture. We monitored matric potentials, soil water contents and soil temperature from June 2018 in forest soils in the Tauersche Forst (Brandenburg, Germany). Three soil profiles (one reference forest soil profile and two characteristic RCH soil profiles) were instrumented, sampled for laboratory analyses of bulk density, pore size distribution, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and persistence of water repellency; and root density distribution in the profiles was recorded. The soils in all profiles show low porosity and plant available water contents. On RCH soils, overall porosity is clearly higher compared with the reference soils, mainly related to larger volumes of coarse and fine pores. Soil moisture monitoring shows very high spatial and temporal variability of the recorded data after the prolonged dry period in 2018, with gradual rewetting over the winter periods and only short-term fluctuations of soil moisture in reaction to high-intensity precipitation events in the summer periods. The comparison of in-situ and laboratory-based water retention data shows strong hysteresis effects during the rewetting, with increasingly clear reactions of soil water contents to precipitation events over the years following the dry period, especially in the charcoal-rich substrates. The differences in soil moisture between the dry and the wetter periods were clearly higher in the RCH soils, which, compared with the reference soils, showed higher water contents under wet conditions and lower water contents under dry conditions. The results affirm that land use legacies can clearly increase the spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture in forest areas.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderRaabRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Sekhri, Simran and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Spatial distribution patterns and soil properties of former field systems in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, pages = {88}, abstract = {Former field systems (FFS) in sloped forest areas are often discernible by a characteristic morphology with flattened slope areas and intermediary ridges formed by tillage erosion and colluvial redeposition. Soils of such lynchet field systems feature modified stratigraphy and properties and constitute a memory of past land use. At the same time, the legacies of past agriculture affect recent forest ecosystems. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) allow to identify lynchets over large areas and open up new opportunities to study the FFS. Within our research on different land use legacy features in forest areas, we study FFS in Northeastern Bavaria (Germany) in a geopedological approach, combining large-scale mapping and spatial analysis with the description and analysis of soil properties for specific sites. Lynchet systems (and other remnants of pre-industrial FFS) in recent forests were mapped from LIDAR DEMs for an area of 2045 km2 (972 km2 forest area). The results show more than 100 km2 of FFS, mostly appearing as lynchet systems. Their spatial distribution patterns differ within the study area, mainly depending on parent material and landform. Soil stratigraphy and properties were studied for FFS and reference positions in six study sites, combining a characterization of principal soil profiles and an assessment of spatial soil property variations. The FFS soils are characterized by truncated profiles over most parts of the flattened slope areas and accumulation of colluvium upslope of lynchet risers. The depth of soil profile truncation and height of lynchet risers differ, mainly related to slope and erodibility of the initial soils. Stratigraphy of the lynchet soils indicates a gradually proceeding formation by tillage erosion. First results of soil property analyses show that carbon and nitrogen contents differ between FFS and reference soils and are more homogeneous within the FFS. Furthermore, physical properties of the FFS soils (bulk density, pore size distribution, hydraulic conductivity) are modified compared to unaffected forest soils through profile truncation and accumulation of colluvium. Overall, the results show that the legacy effects of past agriculture affect large fractions of recent forest areas, and can be of different quality depending on lithology of the soils' parent material and land use history.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderRaabRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Anthropogene Kleinreliefformen als Relikte fr{\"u}herer Landnutzung - Großfl{\"a}chige Kartierung aus digitalen Gel{\"a}ndemodellen}, series = {Pangeo / DEUQUA 2024 Abstracts}, journal = {Pangeo / DEUQUA 2024 Abstracts}, pages = {159 -- 159}, abstract = {Die direkten Auswirkungen menschlicher Landnutzung auf B{\"o}den und Sedimente betreffen h{\"a}ufig nur wenige Dezimeter Tiefe unter der Erdoberfl{\"a}che, erstrecken sich horizontal aber sehr weitr{\"a}umig. Indirekte anthropogene Einfl{\"u}sse auf geomorphologische und hydrologische Prozesse als ein Merkmal des Anthropoz{\"a}ns ergeben sich als kumulative Auswirkungen solcher wenig intensiven, aber großfl{\"a}chigen Eingriffe. Viele Landnutzungsformen hinterlassen charakteristische anthropogene Reliefver{\"a}nderungen und Kleinreliefformen, die in hochaufl{\"o}senden digitalen Gel{\"a}ndemodellen (DEMs) abgebildet sind. Die Auswertung von DEMs erm{\"o}glicht es damit, anthropogene Kleinreliefformen {\"u}ber große Areale zu erkennen und so (pr{\"a}-)historische Landnutzung zu lokalisieren und hinsichtlich ihrer fl{\"a}chenhaften Verbreitung und Verteilungsmuster zu beschreiben. W{\"a}hrend sich die technischen M{\"o}glichkeiten zur DEM-Auswertung v.a. durch KI-gest{\"u}tzte Methoden rapide weiterentwickeln, bleiben vielfach Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich der zeitlichen Klassifizierung und Repr{\"a}sentativit{\"a}t der erfassten Formen. Wir pr{\"a}sentieren Ergebnisse aus mehreren Fallstudien, in denen anthropogene Kleinreliefformen aus DEMs großfl{\"a}chig kartiert und erg{\"a}nzt durch bodenkundliche und sedimentologische Untersuchung morphogenetisch interpretiert wurden. Diese Studien konzentrieren sich auf Relikte der Holzkohleproduktion, des Bergbaus und der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung in Untersuchungsgebieten in Brandenburg, Nordbayern, Schlesien, Nordwestirland und dem Nordosten der USA. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen durchwegs eine große Verbreitung anthropogener Kleinreliefformen in rezenten Waldgebieten und damit einen erheblichen Einfluss fr{\"u}herer Landnutzung auf aktuelle Bodenlandschaften. W{\"a}hrend Relikte der historischen Holzkohleproduktion nur vereinzelt mit Bodenerosion in Verbindung stehen, zeigt sich f{\"u}r Kleinreliefformen aus Bergbau und Ackerbau h{\"a}ufiger ein Zusammenhang mit anthropogen beeinflusster Morphodynamik. Die Fallstudien zeigen auch Effekte der {\"U}berpr{\"a}gung und eine Tendenz zur Abbildung {\"u}berwiegend j{\"u}ngerer Landnutzungsrelikte in DEMs und unterstreichen damit, dass f{\"u}r ein Verst{\"a}ndnis von Mensch-Umwelt Interaktionen die DEM-gest{\"u}tzte Rekonstruktion der vergangenen Landnutzung mit Auswertung weiterer Geoarchive kombiniert werden muss.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderRaabRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Sekhri, Simran and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Spatial distribution patterns and soil properties of lynchet systems in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6090}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Former field systems (FFS) in recent forest areas of Central and Northern Europe are often discernible by their characteristic morphology with slightly flattened slope areas and intermediary ridges formed by tillage and water erosion. Soils of such lynchet systems feature distinctly modified stratigraphy and properties and thereby constitute a memory of past land use. At the same time, the legacies of past agriculture affect recent forest ecosystems. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) allow to identify lynchets over large areas and open up new opportunities to study the spatial distribution patterns and soils of FFS. Within our research on different land use legacy features in forest areas, we study FFS in Northeastern Bavaria (Germany) in a geopedological approach, combining large-scale mapping and spatial analysis with the description and analysis of soil properties for specific sites. Lynchet areas (and other remnants of pre-industrial FFS) in recent forests were mapped from LIDAR DEMs for an area of 2045 km2 (972 km2 forest area). The mapping results show more than 100 km2 of abandoned field systems within the study area, mostly appearing as lynchet systems. Their spatial distribution patterns differ within the study area, mainly depending on parent material and landform. In the limestone region of the Franconian Jura, FFS occur spatially dispersed, often as considerably small, irregularly shaped parcels, presumably reflecting proceeding abandonment of less productive and accessible fields with intensification of agriculture. In contrast, FFS in the Bohemian Massif in the eastern part of our study area were often found in compounds of many regularly shaped parcels, frequently associated with deserted settlement areas. Soil stratigraphy and properties were studied for FFS and reference positions (forest areas with no indications of former agricultural use) in six study sites, combining detailed characterization of principal soil profiles and an assessment of spatial variations of soil properties in a near-surface sampling approach. First results show that FFS soils are characterized by truncated profiles over most parts of the treads and accumulation of colluvium confined to relatively small areas upslope of lynchet risers. The depth of soil profile truncation and height of lynchet risers differ, mainly related to slope and erodibility of the initial soils. Stratigraphy of the lynchet soils indicates a gradually proceeding formation. Carbon and nitrogen contents were found to differ between FFS and reference soils and to be more homogeneous within the FFS. Carbon contents were mainly lower in the FFS, while both lower and higher nitrogen contents were observed for FFS soils, presumably related to different duration and intensity of agricultural use. Overall, the results show that the legacy effects of past agriculture affect large fractions of recent forest areas, and can be of different quality depending on lithology of the soils' parent material and land use history.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabBonhageSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter and Malik, Ireneusz and Chauhan, Jai Singh and Thekkethala, Jeenus Joby}, title = {Soil distribution and properties on mining relicts in Upper Silesia, Poland - first results from the Mala Panew River catchment and the UNESCO heritage site Tarnowskie G{\´o}ry}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna}, title = {Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) soils - properties and classification}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, pages = {88}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Drohan, Patrick J. and Wistuba, Małgorzata and Malik, Ireneusz and Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter}, title = {Small anthropogenic landforms from past land use - what have we (already) learned and what do we (still) want to know}, series = {DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.-06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen}, journal = {DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.-06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen}, pages = {S. 61}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Geomorphology of the Schwarze Elster Valley (Southwest Brandenburg, Germany) at the Bronze Age barrow cemetery Schweinert - Findings from the 2023 research campaign}, series = {DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.-06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen}, journal = {DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.-06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen}, pages = {S. 60}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschRaabDisteletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Distel, Henrik and Naeth, M. Anne and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Modelling Late Quaternary Soil Development Considering Slope Aspects in the Rumsey Area (Alberta, Canada)}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabHirsch, author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Towards an International Genetic Classification of Pleistocene Periglacial Slope Deposits (PPSDs)}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{DistelHirschRaabetal., author = {Distel, Henrik and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Effects of slope aspect on soil development in the Canadian prairies: a digital approach}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabDisteletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Distel, Henrik and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Dynamics of pedogenic carbonates and their relation to slope aspects in the Rumsey area (Alberta, Canada)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{DietrichHirschHeinrichetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Hirsch, Florian and Heinrich, Martina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Bodenverbesserer aus Bioabfall -Potenzial aufbereiteter G{\"a}rrestprodukte aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die C-und N-Freisetzung im Boden}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 434}, abstract = {Die starke Beanspruchung unserer B{\"o}den durch intensive Landnutzung f{\"u}hrt weltweit zur stetigen Degradation der organischen Substanz in B{\"o}den, was mit einem R{\"u}ckgang des Bodenlebens und der Bodenfruchtbarkeit einhergeht. Um die Bodenfunktionen zu sch{\"u}tzen und besonders die Produktivit{\"a}t von B{\"o}den langfristig zu gew{\"a}hrleisten, bedarf es der R{\"u}ckf{\"u}hrung von organischer Substanz. Neben klassischen Strategien (Kompost/Dung/G{\"u}lle-Eintr{\"a}ge) stellen auch organische Abf{\"a}lle der Lebensmittelproduktionund -verwertung aus Industrie und privaten Haushalten einen wertvollen Rohstoff dar, der zur Anreicherung oder Wiederaufbau von Bodenhumus genutzt werden kann. Im Rahmen des von der ILB gef{\"o}rderten EFRE-StaF-Projektes G{\"a}rprodukte aus Bioabf{\"a}llen f{\"u}r die Landwirtschaft als Element einer nachhaltigen Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft und Energiebereitstellung soll das Potenzial bewertet werden, das mittels Rollagglomeration hergestellte G{\"a}rrestpellets besitzen, um Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff in B{\"o}den anreichern zu k{\"o}nnen.Dar{\"u}ber hinaus soll die Technologie der Pelletherstellung optimiert werden, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der gezielten Zugabe von organischen und mineralischen Zuschlagsstoffen liegt. Untersucht werden G{\"a}rreste aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung (Pfropfenstromfermenter) mit einer nachgelagerten Kompostierung im Labor-Technikum unter Zugabe von Zuschlagsstoffen (Melasse, Holzkohle, Bentonit, etc.) bei der Pelletierung. Das Abbauverhalten der so hergestellten G{\"a}rrestpellets im Boden wird mit Hilfe eines S{\"a}ulenversuchs unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Bodenart, Ausbringtiefe, Ausbringmenge, Boden-pH, Bodenfeuchte, Perkolationsrate, Temperatur, etc. betrachtet. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Freisetzung von Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff sowohl im Eluat als auch in der Bodenluft. Bisherige Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die G{\"a}rreste durch Pelletierung deutlich abbaustabiler werden und der Abbau der G{\"a}rrestpellets durch die Zuschlagsstoffe gezielt beeinflusst werden kann. Des Weiteren besitzen die pelletierten G{\"a}rreste verbesserte Lager-, Transport-und Applikationseigenschaften, die besonders bei der {\"o}konomischen Bewertung des Produkts sich als positiv darstellen.}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschBonhageBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Genese rubefizierter B{\"o}den in Mitteleuropa -multifaktorieller S{\"a}ulenversuch und feldbodenkundliche Kartierung}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 438}, abstract = {Rubefizierte B{\"o}den wie die f{\"u}r Nordostdeutschland beschriebenen ‚Fuchserden' (WRB: Rhodic Brunic Arenosols oder Chromic Brunic Arenosols) sind nicht nur ein lokales Ph{\"a}nomen. Auch wenn die Genese der ‚Fuchserden' bisher nicht abschließend gekl{\"a}rt ist, so widerlegt deren Vorkommen auf post-LGM zeitlichen Sedimenten eine pr{\"a}-pleistoz{\"a}ne Bodenbildung. Des Weiteren zeigen die bisherigen Untersuchungen in Nordostdeutschland und Polen, dass Fuchserden nicht durch in-situ Verwitterung entstanden sind, sondern dassdie rubefizierten Horizonte durch eine allochthone Anreicherung von Eisen entstanden sind und somit das Relief ein wesentlicher bodenbildender Faktor ist. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus scheint die Textur f{\"u}r die laterale Verlagerung bzw. Anreicherung immanent f{\"u}r die Genese der Fuchserden zu sein, da rubefizierte Horizonte zumindest auf den untersuchten Standorten in Nordostdeutschland bisher ausschließlich auf sandigem Substrat anzutreffen sind. Um die f{\"u}r die Genese der Fuchserden relevanten physiogeographischen und pedochemischen Parameter zu identifizieren, soll mittels einer Kombination aus feldbodenkundlicher Kartierung und nachgestellten S{\"a}ulenversuchen im Labor die Bildung von Fuchserden unter kontrollierten Bedingungen untersucht werden. Hierf{\"u}r werden neben bekannten Profilen bisher nicht weiter beschriebene Standorte mit Fuchserden feldbodenkundlich aufgenommen, um eine gr{\"o}ßere Breite naturr{\"a}umlicher Daten bzw. verschiedener Entstehungsbedingungen zu erhalten. Varianten mit unterschiedlichen physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Ausgangssubstraten sowie Reliefpositionen bilden die Basis f{\"u}r einen mehrfaktoriellen S{\"a}ulenversuch, der unter naturnahen Bedingungen in der Klimakammer stattfindet. Derzeit laufende Vorversuche zeigen, dass eine Ausf{\"a}llung r{\"o}tlicher Eisenoxiden aus eisenhaltigen L{\"o}sungen im Kapillarbereich sandiger Substrate bereits innerhalb weniger Wochen stattfindet und die Entstehung von rubefizierten Horizonten in Fuchserden m{\"o}glicherweise durch die Anlieferung eisenhaltiger L{\"o}sungen limitiert ist.}, language = {de} } @misc{EltaherBonhageRaabetal., author = {Eltaher, Mahmoud and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Breuß, Michael}, title = {A modified Mask R-CNN approach for automated detection of archaeological sites on high resolution LiDAR-derived DEMs}, series = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, journal = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, publisher = {Cottbus}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5363}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-53633}, pages = {50}, language = {en} } @misc{KlosSutLohmannRaabetal., author = {Klos, Friederike and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Innovative Drone-based Hyperspectral Detection of Heavy Metals (Ni, Zn, and Cu) in Plants cultivated for Phytomining}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9370}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannKnoopRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effect of drying, composing and pelletizing of biowaste-based digestates on providing water soluble nutrients and stabilizing iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8013}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschMatvejevaDietrichetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Matvejeva, Agne and Dietrich, Nils and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Cultivation of industrial hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19138}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanRaabHirsch, author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {The presence of silty mantles in Northcentral Appalachian, USA soils and their relevance to pedology}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5661}, language = {en} } @misc{DietrichWilkinsonHirschetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Wilkinson, Daniel and Hirsch, Florian and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Geschke, Antonia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Microplastics and earthworms in soils: A case study on translocation, toxicity and fate}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7430}, language = {en} } @misc{SekhriRaabDrohan, author = {Sekhri, Simran and Raab, Thomas and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {A Model Approach Assessing The Soil Properties Of Raised Bed Landscapes}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-7137}, abstract = {Common anthropogenic surface features across Scotland and Ireland are raised beds, which are agronomic ridges and furrows created prior to the 20th century to improve agricultural yield. Creating a raised bed improves yield by providing to the root zone better soil drainage, suitable micro-climatic conditions, and enrichment of organic matter and nutrients. Raised beds are structurally identifiable and can be examined using remote sensing techniques such as LIDAR imagery or aerial photography to analyze different dimensions of raised bed units. We examined the geomorphic parameters (height, length, breadth, ridge shape, furrow depth, unit orientation and block size) of raised beds found in the Fancroft region of County Offlay, Ireland. We developed a model of raised bed structural components and the distribution and change in soil properties including soil drainage, texture, horizon differentiation, soil colour, nutrient distribution, organic matter movement and the carbon influx and outflow have been provided. Our study aims to elucidate the typical geomorphic properties of raised bed landscapes, their basic chemical and physical soil properties and the landform attributes that may influence soil properties. Overall, the conceptual basis of raised bed landscapes have been visualised and presented to formulate an ideal raised bed theoretical model. Such a comprehensive model can be further extended to learn more about ancient agricultural practices, heritage, a causal link between present day and historical farming practices.}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanBayuzickGuarinetal., author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Bayuzick, Samuel and Guarin, Daniel and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc}, title = {USA Appalachian relict charcoal hearths have complex landscape and pedologic patterns that are unique from surrounding forest ecosystems}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-10315}, abstract = {Understanding how present-day abrupt change may alter forest ecosystem services is becoming more important due to ever-growing anthropogenic stresses. Forest managers trying the adapt to anthropogenic stress can benefit from the study and quantification of past abrupt changes in forests, especially when the legacy of past disturbance is still evident. Across the United Kingdom, Europe, and recently the northeastern United States, the examination of historic forest change due to charcoal manufacturing for the firing of iron or lime furnaces is yielding new insights relative to landscape stability, anthropogenic vs natural soil genesis, and forest evolution. A landscape classification process was used in the Central Appalachians (Pennsylvania) to identify 6,758 RCHs near Greenwood Furnace (Greenwood Furnace State Park) and Pine Grove Furnace (Pine Grove Furnace State Park). Topographic wetness index (TWI), and SAGA wetness index (SWI) were created using ~1m LiDAR data for two study areas to quantify surface hydrology effects and were compared to field soil volumetric water content (VWC) measurements. Modeled TWI and SWI values were different for RCH areas when compared to surrounding non-hearth areas indicating that RCHs were acting as a moisture sink. We also found that RCH platforms have different TWI and SWI values than rim areas. Using field measured volumetric water content, we found that as distance from the center of the RCH increases, the drier the soil becomes. Geomorphic position did not affect wetness. Surface soil samples were collected at 51 RCHs in the Greenwood Furnace study area. Laboratory analyses revealed that RCH soils have higher C content than surrounding native soils. Furthermore, while the pH of RCH soils is like native soils, the acidity is greater in RCHs. RCH soils at Greenwood Furnace were found to have lower Mehlich 3 P concentrations and lower K potentially effecting plant growth. RCH soils were found to have higher Ca concentration when compared to native soils. To examine within RCH differences in soil chemistry and morphology more closely, 8 of the 51 RCHs were sampled intensely along a topographic gradient. Control pits were excavated directly upslope from the RCHs. The RCHs were sampled in 5 positions across the hearth from the upslope to down slope position (A upslope rim of the RCH; B halfway point between A and C; C RCH center; D halfway C and E; E downslope rim of the RCH). Soil profiles were described and sampled at each position. The soil samples were analyzed for trace and rare earth element content (Aqua Regia digestion), soil pH (water) and fertility (Mehlich 3 extraction). Results indicated that RCHs are potentially a unique location of refugia for forest flora and perhaps fauna due to the unique geochemistry with higher bases and C and some concentrated metals and a higher soil water content hypothesized to be due to an observed restrictive morphology. Future research should more closely investigate whether RCHs support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today's forest biodiversity.}, language = {en} } @misc{RamezanyBonhageRaab, author = {Ramezany, Shaghayegh and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Comparing prediction algorithms in FTIR-based chemometric analysis to predict soil variables within centuries-old charcoal rich Technosols}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-5507}, abstract = {As an alternative to the costly wet chemical analysis of soil, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms can be applied for the quantification of soil properties through prediction models. In this study, we evaluate the performances of the Random Forest (RF) algorithm and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), in the prediction of soil variables, including CEC, pH, total contents of C and N as wells as other elements (Al, Fe, Ca, Mn, Mg, K, and Na) based on FTIR-spectra of Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) soils and reference forest soils (Non-RCH). We investigate the effect of high quantities of charcoal in the soil on the prediction models. Preliminary results suggest that there is no significant difference in the results of prediction models for total N, C, and Fe contents, while the accuracy of PLSR in the prediction of pH, Mg, and Ca, and RF performance in prediction of pH and C decreased for RCH soils. Both algorithms demonstrate higher accuracies in the prediction of Al within the RCH soils. Prediction of CEC, Na, K, Mg (RF) within the RCH soils, Al (PLSR) for Non-RCH soils, and Mn and Ca (RF) for both soil types resulted in lower quality of predictions. It can be inferred from the results that the performance of FTIR-based prediction models can be affected by the presence of charcoal in soil due to the nature of spectral features reflecting the soil composition. The presence of charcoal in soil likely alters the absorption interference and peak overlaps, which can result in lower accuracy of the prediction models. In addition to the accuracy of the prediction models, we evaluate the reliability of the weighted wavenumbers (as important variables) in each prediction, which provides information about the correlation of spectral features and chemical properties. It can be studied through the Variable Importance Plot in RF and Variable Importance on Projection through PLSR (VIPs), which show high potential for studying soil composition and metal distribution in mineral and organic soil fractions despite the observed weaknesses in weighing wavenumbers in predictions. Therefore, we assess and compare the quality of information gained regarding soil chemical properties from the algorithms besides a sole quantification of soil parameters. Furthermore, we applied the developed prediction models on a large number (n > 600) of FTIR-spectra of RCH soils to investigate the practical application of the models and thereby compare spectral derived chemical properties of the studied Technosols and reference forest soils.}, language = {en} } @misc{MatvejevaSutLohmannDietrichetal., author = {Matvejeva, Agne and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Fiber hemp as a feasible crop for enhancing carbon sequestration and cultivation under water scarcity in sandy agricultural soils}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-2564}, abstract = {Extended dry periods and increasing soil degradation compel the conventional agriculture to shift towards the sustainable practices. Hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) accounts for crops that require low agricultural inputs and has a high potential to improve soil health hence fertility. The rapid hemp growth, high biomass production and remarkably expanded rooting zone have the vast potential in carbon (C) sequestration and nitrogen (N) fixation. Hemp fibers in the European Union (EU) are commonly used for pulp and paper industry and isolation materials. The study aims to (i) analyze hemp feasibility to grow and contribute to C sequestration under the water scarce conditions in initially nutrient-poor arable sandy soil with high and low canopy densities, and (ii) assess the use of hemp residues like shives and leaves as soil amendments for oat and corn crops in order to increase soil water holding capacity and serve as a long-term nutrient supply. Hemp, oat and corn crops were grown in a greenhouse experiment under LED illumination and wind ventilation for 17 h per day until the harvest. Hemp fibers were obtained through decortication. The biomass of all crops, hemp roots separated into fine and main, soil prior and after the experiment, and soil amendments were investigated for the total C and N content with an ELEMENTAR Vario Max Cube. Also, the elemental analysis for Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Na was performed using HNO3 and MP-AES analyses. Total dry root mass for oat and corn crops was measured. Additionally, the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. The results showed that water scarcity had hindered hemp height and biomass production. While under the water limited conditions, the low hemp canopy density had showed slightly advanced growth in comparison to the high canopy density. Furthermore, the results of oat and corn experiment indicated difference between the treatments, where the soil amendment from hemp leaves compared to hemp shives showed enhanced growth in both plant and root biomass}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannMatvejevaDietrichetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Matvejeva, Agne and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Cultivation of fiber hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting in a closed system}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23-27 May 2022}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-1681}, abstract = {Progressing degradation of agricultural soil demands a change to more sustainable cropping systems accounting for crops that can sustain the soil health. Hemp is known for the improvement of soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The objective of the research is to analyze the hemp plant capability to grow under nutrient poor soil conditions and dense canopy and to assess hemp's ability to uptake plant nutrients applied with/by soil amendments produced from biowaste. Additionally, the research aims to analyze how the hemp nutrition affects its morphogenesis, thus the fiber content. In the greenhouse set up, Cannabis Sativa L. was grown in sandy substrate, with limited water supply that corresponded to the common drought periods in Brandenburg (Germany) and with addition of soil amendments in form of pellets from organic waste (OW) digestives. The treatments included: 5 control pots, 10 pots with pellets (19 kg soil / 230 g pellets according to the allowed application of 13 t/ha) and 10 pots with 19 kg soil / 3 kg pellets. When needed, a universal liquid fertilizer was applied which contained water soluble minerals like N, P2O5 and K2O. After 92 days, the plants were harvested, dried and weighted. The root structure was examined visually. The stems were decorticated using BMS-FLAKSY® (Rossmanith GmbH) to analyze the fiber content. The Elementar vario MAX cube analyzer device was used to analyse C and N contents. The results showed that hemp could still flourish in water and nutrient limited environment. A deeper and denser rooting was observed in the treatments with pellets. It was observed that fine roots were encircled and attached to the pellets to access the nutrients stored there. The highest C:N ratio in soil and in leaves was found in treatments that contained the most pellets. The option to apply pellets produced from OW in larger quantities instead of a fertilizer application had a striking effect on hemp growth and biomass accumulation hence, increased dry matter amount and fiber yield.}, language = {en} } @misc{KaestnerSutLohmannGrimmetal., author = {K{\"a}stner, Friederike and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Grimm, Mark and Feilhauer, Hannes and K{\"u}ster, Theres and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Identification of potential toxic elements (PTE) in Technosols and in the hyperaccumulator plant Brassica juncea with imaging spectroscopy}, series = {12th EARSeL Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy}, journal = {12th EARSeL Workshop on Imaging Spectroscopy}, pages = {152}, abstract = {Vital, fertile soil is a limited resource and must be considered equal to air and water in its status as a protected good. In Europe, there are around 2.5 million potentially contaminated due to natural and anthropogenic activities. One third of these areas have been identified and 15\% of them have already been remediated. An efficient approach for remediation is phytoremediation, a cost-effective and ecosystem-friendly method compared to conventional methods. We showed that hyperaccumulator plants, which have a high tolerance to the accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTE), are suitable for phytoremediation methods. Imaging spectroscopy allowed us to monitor and optimize the process of accumulation. Our study was conducted in two steps: First we analysed the potential of multivariate procedures using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Random Forest Regression (RFR) to predict highly contaminated areas with an inhomogeneous distribution of PTE concentrations from image data. Therefore, we used contaminated soil samples analysed for heavy metal contents as training data. The fully-trained models assisted to monitor PTE contaminated areas during phytoremediation. In a second step, we investigated hyperaccumulator plants and their spectral fingerprints during PTE uptake to detect the highest possible amount of PTE the plant can tolerate. Soil samples were measured after different preparation steps ("oven-dried", "sieved", "ground", "Loss on Ignition (LOI)") with a HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e hyperspectral sensor under laboratory conditions. The spectral range of both sensors covers 450 nm to 2500 nm with a spectral sampling interval of 3.7 nm for the VNIR sensor and 6.25 nm for the SWIR sensor. The resulting spectral library was used for the PLSR and RFR analysis. Considering the optimal coefficient of determination (R2), PLSR showed an improving performance and accuracy with increasing preparation steps: R2_Cr: 0.52-0.78; R2_Cu: 0.36-0.73; R2_Ni: 0.19-0.42 and R2_Zn: 0.41-0.74. In comparison, RFR showed a weaker estimation performance, even when using higher sample preparation levels (R2_Cr:0.36-0.62; R2_Cu: 0.17-0.72; R2_Ni: 0.20-0.35 and R2_Zn: 0.26-0.67). The results indicate that PLSR provides a more robust estimation than the user-friendly RFR method. Additionally, the PTE estimation performance in strong heterogeneous soil samples can be improved by pre-treatment of soil samples in the laboratory. Second, we cultivated Brassica juncea in a greenhouse and applied the plants with different controlled zinc, nickel and copper concentration levels (low, medium, high). Measurements with a HySpex VNIR-SWIR hyperspectral sensor (408-2500 nm) and a point spectrometer PSR+ from Spectral Evolution (350-2500 nm) were conducted in-situ and in the laboratory. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on reflectance spectra to identify and visualize spectral changes with increasing PTE uptake. In addition, different indices were calculated, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Red-Edge Inflection Point (REIP). First results revealed changes at the chlorophyll feature between 500-600 nm and at the REIP position with increasing PTE concentration. Further spectral features and indices will be investigated to check hyperspectral responses of PTE concentration. With reflectance imaging we are already able to detect differences of the PTE accumulation within the hyperaccumulator plants.}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannGrimmHeinrichetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Grimm, Mark and Heinrich, Martina and Baig, Sawdha and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil nitrogen pool and its fractions in German apple orchards under organic vs conventional management}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu23-3208}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Agriculture is a massive production with intensive practices, like large variety of agro-chemicals, heavy machinery etc., that support food security. However, recently more and more attention is given to food safety in relation to human, environment and soil health. An alternative strategy is organic agriculture that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals and maintain the sustainable food production. But organic farming cannot completely support the worlds foods demand, so adaptation is needed to reach a sustainable productivity while protecting the environment. Soil nitrogen (N) pool consists of inorganic and organic fractions. Inorganic and a part of labile organic N is a primary nutrient source for plants and microbes. Different nitrogen fractions play various roles in soil ecosystems and can be strongly influenced by the site management. Soil nitrogen transformations are directly relatable to plant health, thus strongly influence healthy functioning of soil ecosystem. Knowledge about the soil nitrogen pools is necessary to assess the proper and sustainable fertilization approaches under various management practices. To evaluate various N fractions, fresh soil samples were sampled (20 cm depth, row and near tree) at 8 conventional and 8 organic apple farms (Germany: states of Brandenburg, Saxsony and Saxony-Anhalt), with various age, locations and management practices. Soil samples were analyzed using CNS, Kjeldhal digestion, spectrophotometer and chloroform fumigation. The aim of this study is to compare the total and labile (particulate organic, microbial biomass and water extractable organic) N fractions in soil samples considering various site management approaches, topography and climate.}, language = {de} } @misc{GrimmSutLohmannRaabetal., author = {Grimm, Mark and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas and Heinrich, Martina}, title = {Integrated analysis of Multifunctional Fruit production landscapes to promote ecosystem services and sustainable land-use under climate change (MultiFruit): Approaches and first results of soil sampling campaign}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12714}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Beginning in 2020 the research of the MultiFruit cluster seeks to optimize food production and the provision of ecosystem services in multifunctional landscapes. Joining agricultural production with the provision of ecosystem services and the preservation of biological diversity, the outcomes of this project aim to provide comprehensive findings to farmers, and the agricultural community as a whole, that are also applicable in the face of climate change. Active apple orchards located in greater Brandenburg, Germany of both organic and conventional management practices have been selected as the sites of research. The present state of organic apple orchards in Germany can best be described as organic "conventionalization"; high yielding orchards with little to no plant diversity, with the major differences being the substitution of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides with organic alternatives certified by the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (Bundesamt f{\"u}r Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit). The project implements an interdisciplinary approach, with researchers of ecology, economics, soil and microbial sciences. The ecological subproject is investigating how local management measures and the surrounding landscapes affect natural pest control by beneficial insects. The soil group are investigating the toxicological and soil health impacts of conventional and organic practices through analysis of both plant and soil material collected from the orchards. Microbial studies seek to provide information on the microorganisms that promote the growth, health, and performance of fruit trees. The economic studies aim to assess the costs and benefits of management measures and resulting pest control services for fruit growers and society as a whole. The overall expected outcome of this cluster is to maximize ecosystem services provided by the orchards while optimizing yield and maintaining soil and orchard health. Here we show the preliminary results of the 2021 field campaign related to the soil group. The processed plant and soil material was analyzed at our laboratory and total elemental concentration of all constituents was determined using Microwave assisted MP-AES for select metals and cations (Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, Mg, Ca, K). These results, in conjunction with measured soil properties (pH, EC, Scheibler carbonate measurement, Total N, Total C) aid in the effort to determine the effects of the various management practices on the soil health and the mobility and translocation of metals and cations within the plant tissues.}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannJonczakRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Jonczak, Jerzy and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Optimizing pyrolysis conditions of biochars derived from byproducts of forest and food industry for soil amendments}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, language = {en} } @misc{GrimmSutLohmannRaab, author = {Grimm, Mark and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Impacts of Farming Practices on Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and micronutrients in German Apple Orchards}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, pages = {78}, language = {en} } @misc{GerwinRepmannSchaafetal., author = {Gerwin, Werner and Repmann, Frank and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Bodenver{\"a}nderungen durch Waldbr{\"a}nde - Stoffvorr{\"a}te und Stoffverlagerungen}, series = {Jahrestagung der DBG 2022 "Grenzen {\"u}berwinden, Skalen {\"u}berschreiten" 5. - 8. September 2022 in Trier}, journal = {Jahrestagung der DBG 2022 "Grenzen {\"u}berwinden, Skalen {\"u}berschreiten" 5. - 8. September 2022 in Trier}, pages = {48}, abstract = {Die zur{\"u}ckliegenden trocken-heißen Sommer haben im S{\"u}den Brandenburgs zu zahlreichen Br{\"a}nden in den dominierenden Kiefernw{\"a}ldern gef{\"u}hrt, einige davon mit katastrophalen Ausmaßen. Dazu geh{\"o}ren die extremen Brandereignisse 2018 bei Treuenbrietzen sowie 2019 bei J{\"u}terbog und Lieberose, die zusammen weit {\"u}ber 1000 ha Waldfl{\"a}che zerst{\"o}rt und dabei auch Ver{\"a}nderungen der betroffenen Waldb{\"o}den verursacht haben. Das seit Mai 2020 von der FNR gef{\"o}rderte Verbundvorhaben Pyrophob befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen von Waldbr{\"a}nden im S{\"u}den Brandenburgs auf die Wald{\"o}kosysteme und mit waldbaulichen Maßnahmen, die mittelfristig zu einer Verringerung der Brandanf{\"a}lligkeit der W{\"a}lder beitragen sollen. Im Rahmen des auf eine f{\"u}nfj{\"a}hrige Laufzeit ausgelegten Verbundvorhabens finden bodenkundliche Untersuchungen auf zw{\"o}lf Versuchsfl{\"a}chen bei Treuenbrietzen und J{\"u}terbog statt. An beiden Standorten werden unverbrannte Referenzfl{\"a}chen mit einbezogen. Erg{\"a}nzend konnten bei Lieberose bereits 2019 nur kurz nach dem Brandgeschehen erste Bodenuntersuchungen durchgef{\"u}hrt werden. Die untersuchten Brandfl{\"a}chen bei J{\"u}terbog und Lieberose sind als Totalreservate ausgewiesen, auf denen auch nach dem Brand waldbauliche Maßnahmen vollst{\"a}ndig unterbleiben. Auf den Fl{\"a}chen bei Treuenbrietzen wurden verschiedene Behandlungsvarianten durchgef{\"u}hrt, zu denen auf einem Teil der Fl{\"a}chen die vollst{\"a}ndige Entfernung der abgestorbenen B{\"a}ume geh{\"o}rte, w{\"a}hrend auf anderen Teilfl{\"a}chen Totholz auf der Fl{\"a}che verblieb. Ziel der bodenkundlichen Arbeiten in Pyrophob ist zum einen eine Charakterisierung der direkten Auswirkungen des Brandes auf Humus und Mineralboden hinsichtlich des Stoffbestandes und bodenbiologischer Prozesse. Zum anderen wird der Stoffaustrag aus dem Oberboden erfasst. Der etwaige Einfluss der unterschiedlichen waldbaulichen Vorgehensweise auf die Bodenverh{\"a}ltnisse wird dabei als ein Indikator f{\"u}r die Auswahl geeigneter Maßnahmen ber{\"u}cksichtigt. In den verschiedenen Untersuchungsvarianten des Vorhabens wurden zu diesem Zweck Humus- und Mineralbodenprofile untersucht. Zudem wurden Mischproben aus dem Ober- und Unterboden entnommen und auf ihren Stoffhaushalt hin analysiert. Auf jeder Untersuchungsfl{\"a}che wurden je drei frei dr{\"a}nende Kleinlysimeter in 10 cm Bodentiefe installiert, um die zeitlichen Ver{\"a}nderungen der Sickerwasserzusammensetzung und die durch den Brand initiierten Stoffaustr{\"a}ge aus dem Oberboden zu quantifizieren. Erg{\"a}nzend finden Untersuchungen zu m{\"o}glichen Auswirkungen der Br{\"a}nde auf bodenbiologische Prozesse wie Streuabbau und Stickstoffmineralisation statt.}, language = {de} }