@misc{BonhageMykhailovaHirschetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Mykhailova, Larysa and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Fischer, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Donovan, Sally and Ouimet, William}, title = {Effects of historical charcoal burning on soil landscapes in West Connecticut - Quantifying pyrogenic and organic soil carbon content of Technosols by FTIR analysis}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageRaabSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Fischer, Thomas and Ramezany, Shaghayegh and Ouimet, William and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal-rich Technosols}, series = {European Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {73}, journal = {European Journal of Soil Science}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1111/ejss.13293}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {Charcoal-rich Technosols on century-old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long-term influence of biochar amendment and the post-wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north-western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy-based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75\% and 1862\% increase in TOC and BPCA-derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self-humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA-derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non-pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now.}, language = {en} } @incollection{RaabBruetzkeChristopheletal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Br{\"u}tzke, W. and Christophel, Dominik and V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Reconstruction of the fire history in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting (Bavaria, Germany) in relation to settlement and environmental history}, series = {Human Interactions with the Geosphere: The Geoarchaeological Perspective, Geological Society, London}, booktitle = {Human Interactions with the Geosphere: The Geoarchaeological Perspective, Geological Society, London}, editor = {Wilson, Lucy}, publisher = {Geological Soc.}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-86239-325-7}, doi = {10.1144/SP352.11}, pages = {137 -- 161}, abstract = {Palaeoenvironmental investigations were carried out in the Siedlungskammer (prehistoric settlement area) Burgweinting (Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany) to reveal past settlement conditions and human impact on the environment. Two sequences were obtained from the Islinger M{\"u}hlbach Fen, in close proximity to the archaeological excavation site in Burgweinting, which documents an almost continuous settlement history since the Neolithic Period. The analyses of the sequences comprise stratigraphic, geochemical and microscopic charcoal analyses. For chronological information, radiocarbon dating was conducted on a total of 10 samples. Thus, the first long-term fire record was reconstructed for the investigation area, and the results were correlated, based on radiocarbon dating, with the available environmental information and settlement history in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting. The fire record reveals an almost continuous, but alternating fire history. Furthermore, it shows that fire played an important role in the Siedlungskammer Burgweinting and that most probably as early as the Mesolithic hunterer-gatherers deliberately used fire.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneiderNicolayetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Nicolay, Alexander and Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Quaternary landscape development at the margin of the Pomeranian phase (MIS 2) near Lake Wygonin (Northern Poland)}, series = {Catena}, volume = {124}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2014.08.018}, pages = {28 -- 44}, abstract = {In Central Europe, Late Quaternary landscapes experienced multiple phases of geomorphologic activity. In this study,we used a combined geomorphological, pedological, sedimentological and palynological approach to characterize landscape development after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) near Lake Wygonin in Northern Poland. The pedostratigraphical findings from soil pits and drillings were extrapolated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). During the Pomeranian phase, glacial and fluvioglacial processes dominated the landscape near Lake Wygonin. At the end of the glacial period, periglacial processes became relevant and caused the formation of ventifacts and coversands containing coated sand grains. At approximately 15,290-14,800 cal yr BP, a small pond formed in a kettle hole (profile BWI2). The lacustrine sediments lack eolian sand components and therefore indicate the decline of eolian processes during that time. The increase of Juniperus and rock-rose (Helianthemum) in the pollen diagram is a prominent marker of the Younger Dryas. At the end of the Younger Dryas, a partial reshaping of the landscape is indicated by abundant charcoal fragments in disturbed lake sediments. No geomorphologic activity since the beginning of the Holocene is documented in the terrestrial and wetland archives. The anthropogenic impact is reflected in the pollen diagram by the occurrence of rye pollen grains (Secale cereale) and translocated soil sediments dated to 1560-1410 cal yr BP, proving agricultural use of the immediate vicinity. With the onset of land use, gully incision and the accumulation of colluvial fans reshaped the landscape locally. Since 540-460 cal yr BP, further gully incision in the steep forest tracks has been associated with the intensification of forestry. Outside of the gully catchments, the weakly podzolized Rubic Brunic Arenosols show no features of Holocene soil erosion.}, language = {en} } @misc{NicolayRaabRaabetal., author = {Nicolay, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and R{\"o}sler, Horst and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard and Murray, Andrew S.}, title = {Evidence of (pre-) historic to modern landscape and land use history near J{\"a}nschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany)}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Suppl.}, volume = {58}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Suppl.}, number = {2}, issn = {1864-1687}, doi = {10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00162}, pages = {7 -- 31}, abstract = {In the apron of the active lignite opencast pit J{\"a}nschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany), three archaeological survey trenches were investigated in an area where aeolian sand deposits are widespread. The investigated sediment sequences contain evidence of aeolian morphodynamics, soil formation and agricultural land use. To study the age and the causes of sand drifting and surface stabilization, standard soil physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating (14C) were carried out. Two main sedimentological units were identified: Unit 1 consists of glacio-fluvial and Late Glacial aeolian sands representing the parent material for the native Podsol- Braunerde, while Unit 2 represents the Late Holocene aeolian deposits. Four periods of Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian activity and three phases of geomorphological stability have been identified: (i) Aeolian sedimentation during the Late Glacial, (ii) Mesolithic reactivation of aeolian processes, (iii) soil formation until Late Roman Iron Age settlers intensified the agricultural land use, (iv) intensive drift sand formation during the High Middle Ages due to agricultural expansion, (v) stabilization of the drift sands and weak soil formation, (vi) reactivation of aeolian processes due to the increasing wood consumption and charcoal production from the early 17th until the mid-19th century, (vii) surface stabilization and formation of Regosols since the mid-19th century due to afforestation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and Takla, Melanie and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Pre-Industrial Charcoal Kilns in the Northern European Lowland - Hidden Land Use Structures Detected by LIDAR}, series = {2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014)}, booktitle = {2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014)}, publisher = {Geological Society of America}, address = {Boulder, Colo.}, pages = {S. 96}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschFritschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Fritsch, Simone and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Hydraulische Eigenschaften von B{\"o}den an historischen Holzkohlemeilerpl{\"a}tzen in Brandenburg}, series = {Unsere B{\"o}den - unser Leben, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 2. - 10. September 2015, M{\"u}nchen}, booktitle = {Unsere B{\"o}den - unser Leben, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 2. - 10. September 2015, M{\"u}nchen}, publisher = {Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschNicolaySchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil development in Wygonin (Poland)}, series = {Tagungsband und Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie Jahrestagung 2013, 2. - 4.5.2013 BTU Cottbus}, booktitle = {Tagungsband und Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie Jahrestagung 2013, 2. - 4.5.2013 BTU Cottbus}, publisher = {Brandenburg Univ. of Technology}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {S. 50}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschNicolaySchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Sp{\"a}tquart{\"a}re Landschaftsentwicklung seit der Pommerschen Phase in Wygonin (Nordpolen)}, series = {Jahrestagung des AK Geomorphologie in Kiel 2014}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des AK Geomorphologie in Kiel 2014}, editor = {Bork, Hans-Rudolf and Dreibrodt, Stefan and Duttmann, Rainer and Unkel, Ingmar}, publisher = {Christian-Albrechts-Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Kiel}, pages = {S. 66}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TaklaRaabRaabetal., author = {Takla, Melanie and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and R{\"o}sler, Horst and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, title = {Modeling the past - a GIS-based study for the reconstruction of past land use and human impact on the environment}, series = {2010 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver Colorado, USA 2010, 31 October - 3 November}, booktitle = {2010 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver Colorado, USA 2010, 31 October - 3 November}, publisher = {Geological Society of America}, address = {Boulder, Colo.}, pages = {S. 579}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NicolayRaabRaabetal., author = {Nicolay, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and R{\"o}sler, Horst and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, title = {Holocene landscape reconstruction and land use changes in Lower Lusatia (Southern Brandenburg, East Germany) - pedological and geomorphological approaches}, series = {2010 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver Colorado, USA 2010, 31 October - 3 November}, booktitle = {2010 GSA Annual Meeting in Denver Colorado, USA 2010, 31 October - 3 November}, publisher = {Geological Society of America}, address = {Boulder, Colo.}, pages = {S. 419}, abstract = {Modern lignite mining in southern Brandenburg (East Germany) causes the destruction of entire landscapes. To date, research concentrated on the reclamation of areas affected by mining-related activities, but the significance of prehistoric and historic cultures on land use changes is disregarded. Recently, a joint research project was launched for interdisciplinary long-term palaeoenvironmental research and to study anthropogenic landscape change in southern Brandenburg. The project partners are geoscientists from the Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus and archaeologists from the Brandenburgisches Landesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Museum (BLDAM), within the scope of this project pedological and geomorphological investigations are carried out to reconstruct Holocene landscape and land use change in the apron of the opencast pit J{\"a}nschwalde (Lower Lusatia), c. 100 southeast of Berlin and c. 15 km northeast of Cottbus. By law large-scale surveys and excavations have to be carried out in the forefield to document all archaeological findings. In combination with the excellent outcrop situation the archaeological investigation offers ideal conditions to study the soil geomorphology on a landscape scale. Fieldwork includes topographical surveying by differential GPS. Soils and sediments are described along cross-sections (up to 140 m long, up to 2 m deep). Field-portable XRF analyzes (FPXRF) is used for a quick characterization of total element concentrations of the substrates. Standard analytical methods (e.g., soil texture, contents of pedogenic oxides) are carried out in the laboratory. To obtain chronological information, radiocarbon and OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) dating are applied on suitable material. Evidence of different land use and land use change in the study area is abundant. For example, at several cross-sections agricultural soil horizons are covered with up to 150 cm thick eolian sands, proving that deforestation and agricultural use induced eolian soil erosion. In addition, remnants of charcoal piles buried under up to 150 cm thick eolian sands indicate remobilization of Quaternary sands as a consequence of clearing for charcoal production. The ongoing investigations will concentrate on fieldwork. Preliminary results are presented.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschNicolaySchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Quaternary soil genesis and geomorphodynamics in Northern Poland}, series = {2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume \& Excursion guide}, booktitle = {2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume \& Excursion guide}, publisher = {Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-13047}, pages = {S. 43}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BłaszkiewiczBrademannBraueretal., author = {Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Brademann, Brian and Brauer, Achim and Brykała, Dariusz and Deg{\´o}rski, Marek and Froehlich, Wojciech and Gierszewski, Piotr and Hirsch, Florian and Kaczmarek, Halina and Kordowski, Jarosław and Kramkowski, Mateusz and Krzymińska, Jarmila and Lamparski, Piotr and Lutyńska, Monika and Mirosław-Grabowska, Joanna and Nicolay, Alexander and Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Noryśkiewicz, Bożena and Obremska, Milena and Ott, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Schwab, Markus}, title = {Introduction to ICLEA fieldtrips - Stara Kiszewa 2013}, series = {2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume \& Excursion guide}, booktitle = {2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume \& Excursion guide}, publisher = {Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-13047}, pages = {53 -- 67}, language = {en} } @incollection{RaabRaab, author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Impacts of Early Land Use and Mining on River Landscapes}, series = {World Heritage and Cultural Diversity}, booktitle = {World Heritage and Cultural Diversity}, editor = {Offenh{\"a}ußer, Dieter and Zimmerli, Walther Ch. and Albert, Marie-Theres}, publisher = {German Commission for UNESCO}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-940785-20-6}, pages = {252 -- 259}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoenischRoeslerSchopperetal., author = {B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Schopper, Franz and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Pre-industrial charcoal production in southern Brandenburg - A landscape laboratory for studies on the fate of terrestrial organic carbon}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2010, held Vienna, Austria, 02 - 07 May 2010}, booktitle = {EGU General Assembly 2010, held Vienna, Austria, 02 - 07 May 2010}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Landnutzungsgeschichte und historische Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz - Neue Befunde und aktuelle Forschung}, series = {Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie, T{\"u}bingen, 4. Mai bis 7. Mai 2016}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie, T{\"u}bingen, 4. Mai bis 7. Mai 2016}, abstract = {Seit 2010 untersucht eine interdisziplin{\"a}re Forschergruppe der BTU, des BLDAM und des LBGR die Landnutzungsgeschichte sowie die nat{\"u}rliche und anthropogen induzierte Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz, Brandenburg. Systematische arch{\"a}ologische Grabungen des BLDAM im Vorfeld der laufenden Tagebaue sind eine wichtige Grundlage f{\"u}r geopedologische Untersuchungen. Die Arbeiten hatten zun{\"a}chst ihren r{\"a}umlichen Schwerpunkt in den Braunkohletagebauen nord{\"o}stlich von Cottbus (Tgb. Cottbus Nord, Tgb. J{\"a}nschwalde) und wurden dann ausgedehnt auf weitere Forstfl{\"a}chen n{\"o}rdlich von Peitz. Wir geben einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre, pr{\"a}sentieren aktuelle Ergebnisse und zeigen zuk{\"u}nftige Forschungsfelder auf. Im Tagebau J{\"a}nschwalde sind zwischenzeitlich mehr als 1000 Relikte von Holzkohlmeilern (HKM) als Zeugen einer intensiven historischen Holznutzung arch{\"a}ologisch dokumentiert. Mit Stand Januar 2016 liegen Dendroalter von 64 HKM vor. Die Alter schwanken zwischen dem ausgehenden 16. Jahrhundert und der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts, was in etwa dem Betriebszeitraum des H{\"u}ttenwerks in Peitz entspricht. Die Mehrzahl der Meiler datiert auf den Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts. Weitere Hinterlassenschaften der historischen Landnutzung sind u.a. W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker und begrabene Ackerb{\"o}den. Fossile B{\"o}den und ehemalige Landoberfl{\"a}chen sind stellenweise mit {\"a}olischen Sedimenten {\"u}berdeckt. 14C- und OSL-Datierungen an diesen B{\"o}den und Sedimenten lassen auf eine Intensivierung der {\"a}olischen Aktivit{\"a}t zur slawischen Zeit und im Deutschen Mittelalter schließen. Einige Relikte von HKM sind mit Sand {\"u}berweht worden, und an einer Stelle konnte das Alter dieser {\"a}olischen Sedimentation mittels Dendrodatierung des begrabenen Meilers auf1850 oder j{\"u}nger bestimmt werden. Allerdings stellt dies die Ausnahme dar. Der weitaus gr{\"o}ßere Teil der HKM-Relikte liegt direkt an der Oberfl{\"a}che und ist nicht begraben, was auf eine sehr geringe Winderosion in der Neuzeit schließen l{\"a}sst. Seit 2015 konnte im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts „R{\"a}umliche und zeitliche Dimension der historischen K{\"o}hlerei im Tauerschen Forst (Niederlausitz, Brandenburg). Ein Beitrag zur Kulturlandschaftsentwicklung des Norddeutschen Tieflands" (Az RA 1129/3-1; RA 931/6-1) ein weiteres Gebiet mit hoher HKM-Dichte untersucht werden. Erste Auswertungen der LiDAR-Daten ergeben eine Anzahl von 4449 ehemaligen Meilerstandorten im Tauerschen Forst. 26 Meilerstellen sind beprobt, die Dendroalter hierzu sind in Bearbeitung. Ebenfalls in j{\"u}ngerer Zeit fanden Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von HKM-Relikten f{\"u}r das gesamte Land Brandenburg statt. Mit Hilfe eines bin{\"a}ren Modells wurden Gebiete mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit von HKM-Standorten detektiert. Im Rahmen des im November 2016 beginnenden DFG-Projekts „Die historische K{\"o}hlerei in Brandenburg - Analyse der r{\"a}umlichen Dimension und der Effekte auf bodenhydraulische Eigenschaften" (SCHN 1349/1-1) sollen nun neben der Verbreitung der historischen K{\"o}hlerei auch bodenrelevante Auswirkungen beschrieben und bewertet werden.}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchneiderRaabRoesleretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Takla, Melanie and Hirsch, Florian and Ritschl, Bosse and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Geophysikalische Prospektion und Mikrodrohnenbefliegungen zur Dokumentation von Meilerpl{\"a}tzen in der J{\"a}nschwalder Heide}, series = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlerevier 2013/2014}, booktitle = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlerevier 2013/2014}, editor = {Schopper, Franz and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, publisher = {Brandenburgisches LAndesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Landesmuseum}, address = {Zossen OT W{\"u}nsdorf}, isbn = {978-3-910011-79-3}, pages = {145 -- 154}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabTaklaetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Integrative Application of Traditional and Cutting-Edge Techniques to Reconstruct Holocene Earth Surface Processes and Landscape Dynamics - A Case Study from the Northern German Lowland}, series = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, booktitle = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, pages = {135 -- 136}, abstract = {This study outlines the opportunities to reconstruct Holocene landscape dynamics in active opencast lignite mines in southern Brandenburg (Germany). Studies on extensive outcrops that address geomorphology, pedology and archaeology provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes. Our approach uses a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques to characterize small-scale landforms (high-resolution DEMs by micro-drone and LiDAR), to analyze soils and substrate properties in the field (GPR, ERT, geomagnetics, Field Portable XRF and XRD) and to provide chronological information (OSL, 14C, tree-ring dating). This approach is combined with a GIS for data integration. We present the most recent results and review important findings from the last several years. Studies conducted in the opencast mines focus on soil development and Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and as well as past land use and the legacy of agriculture and woodland use. Our results regarding the human-induced geomorphodynamics are similar to those in other regions in Central Europe, but we also observe regional differences caused by the local setting, e.g., intensification of soil erosion coinciding with the expansion of farming of cultivated lands in the Slavic Middle Ages. By analyzing LiDAR data the largest area of historical charcoal production in the Northern European Lowland (NEL) has been revealed. We are clearly only beginning to understand the massive dimensions of charcoal production in the region and the impact on late Holocene geomorphodynamics. The usage of new high-resolution imagery is essential to identify small-scale anthropogenic landforms hidden in the landscape. Future work will consist of developing and improving our integrative approach. However, comprehensive ground truth data provided by the archaeological prospections in the open-cast mines are an excellent basis for GIS-based analyses of high-resolution ALS data and geomorphological research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderTaklaRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Mapping historic charcoal production fields from excavation to landscape scale}, series = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, booktitle = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, pages = {168}, abstract = {In the forefield of the open-cast mine J{\"a}nschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany), archaeological excavations have revealed one of the largest charcoal production fields described so far. As remains of the historic charcoal kilns, small mounds of sediment rich in charcoal fragments and ash cover the soil surface. We applied a combination of methods for mapping such kiln relicts across a range of scales, in order to analyze the spatial distribution of kiln sites and to improve the understanding of historic forest use systems. In archaeological excavations in the mine forefield, the geometry of kiln relicts could be studied in high detail. We used a microdrone to record high-resolution photographs of excavation sites for the documentation of kiln site ground plans and other traces of historic land use. Based on airborne laser scanning elevation models, kiln site mapping was extended to areas beyond the mine forefield. Manual digitization from shaded relief maps was used for mapping kiln sites in further woodland areas surrounding an historic ironwork north of Cottbus. An automated mapping approach based on template matching was developed to detect charcoal production fields on a larger scale, and was applied for an area of about 1000 km2up to now. In archaeological excavations, about 900 kiln sites have been documented on an approximately 17 km2 large area. Excavation documentations and aerial photographs show variations in the kiln site ground plans. By manual digitization from Shaded Relief Maps, more than 5000 kiln sites with diameters up to 29 m were detected in the 32 km2 area of the royal forest J{\"a}nschwalder Heide north of Cottbus. First results of mapping for larger areas indicate similar densities, but smaller diameters of kiln sites in other charcoal production fields; and show that charcoal production is a so far underestimated component of the land use history in many areas in the Northern European Lowlands.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Mapping the legacies of historic charcoal production}, series = {American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting San Franisco, USA, 2014}, booktitle = {American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting San Franisco, USA, 2014}, abstract = {The historic production of charcoal is an important component of the late Holocene fire history for many landscapes. Charcoal production can have numerous effects on ecosystems, e.g., through changes in forest area and structure, or through the effects of pyrolysis, charcoal and ash addition to soils. To assess such effects, it is necessary to understand the spatial extent and patterns of historic charcoal production, which has so far hardly been approached for the Northern European Lowlands. In the forefield of the open-cast mine J{\"a}nschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany), archaeological excavations have revealed one of the largest charcoal production fields described so far. For this area, we applied and evaluated different methods for mapping the spatial distribution of charcoal kiln remains. We present methods and results of our work in this exceptionally well-described charcoal production field and of additional studies on kiln site distribution in regions of the Northern European Lowlands. The large-scale excavations in the mine forefield provide exact information on kiln site geometry. Using airborne laser scanning elevation models, the mapping of kiln sites could be extended to areas beyond the mine forefield. To detect kiln sites for larger areas, an automated GIS based mapping routine, based on a combination of morphometric parameters, was developed and evaluated. By manual digitization from Shaded Relief Maps, more than 5000 kiln sites in an area of 32 km2 were detected in the J{\"a}nschwalde mine forefield, with 1355 kiln sites that are wider than 12 m. These relatively large kiln sites could be mapped with detection rates that are close to those of manual digitization using the automated routine. First results for different study areas indicate that charcoal production is a so far underestimated component of the land use history in many parts of the Northern European Lowlands.}, language = {en} } @incollection{NicolayRaabRaab, author = {Nicolay, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Die B{\"o}den im Tagebauvorfeld J{\"a}nschwalde - Ergebnisse bodenkundlich-geomorphologischer Untersuchungen}, series = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2011/2012}, booktitle = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2011/2012}, publisher = {Brandenburgisches Landesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Landesmuseum}, address = {W{\"u}nsdorf}, isbn = {978-3-910011-85-4}, pages = {249 -- 256}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschMaatenTheunissenMaatenetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Maaten, Ernst van der and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil physics and chemistry at a medieval ridge and furrow site in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The usage of non-reversible ploughs, mainly during the Middle Ages and until historic times, led to the formation of ridge and furrow systems. Due to improvements of agricultural techniques, these historic agricultural sites were often abandoned and are now marginal land. The parallel ridges and furrows are usually, if not destroyed by later conventional ploughing, preserved in present-day forests. In northeastern Germany ridge and furrow systems are normally several decameters long and up to ten meters wide. The height difference between ridge top and furrow bottom is up to 50 centimeters and is expected to cause significant contrasts of soil properties and vegetation. Furthermore, due to the abandonment of sites with ridges and furrows, soils on these sites are unique archives for studies on fertilization, soil carbon dynamics and soil development. Therefore, we are characterizing soil physics (bulk density, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, texture) and soil chemistry (soil acidity, carbon and nitrogen content) on a type location of historic ridges and furrows about 100 km northwest of Berlin.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaabOuimetetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Soils on historic charcoal hearths - chemical properties and terminology}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-4009-1.pdf}, abstract = {Charcoal hearths are a unique archive for the long term interaction between biochar, soil development and plant growth. Charcoal as raw material was crucial for the production of iron in iron works and hence numerous charcoal hearths can be found in the forests near historic iron works in Europe as well as the Eastern United States. Charcoal hearths are round to elliptical forms often around 10 m in diameter, and consisting of a several decimeter thick layer containing charcoal fragments, ash, and burnt soil. We studied the soil chemistry of 24 charcoal hearths and compared them to the surrounding 'natural' soils in Litchfield County, Connecticut. The thickness of the organic rich horizons on the charcoal hearths and their carbon content is remarkably higher than in the surrounding topsoils. The wide distribution of charcoal hearths, their usually high quantity, and their occurrence in different ecosystems underlines their importance for further pedological research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabHirschVassermanetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Vasserman, Oleksandr and Raab, Alexandra and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Influence of relief and vegetation on soil properties in a disturbed chernozem soil landscape}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In central and southeastern Alberta, chernozems dominate the soil landscape and are divided into several groups that follow the climate gradient from Northwest to Southeast: Dark Grey Chernozems, Black Chernozems, Dark Brown Chernozems; Brown Chernozems. Principles controlling development and distribution of these chernozem subtypes along the ecotone transect are quite well known. However, intensive land use over the last century has affected soils that originally have formed under natural conditions during the Holocene in more than 10,000 years. There is a lack of knowledge regarding soil development in these landscapes on the decadal to centennial time scale. Within this time frame the most important factor of soil formation may be relief, although this has not been properly studied. This study aims to compare soil properties in a typical chernozem landscape where soils have been highly disturbed and parent materials have been re-arranged by surface coal mining.We hypothesize that within 50 years, soils develop with significant differences based on vegetation type and slope aspect. Our study site is the former Diplomat Mine near Forestburg, Alberta where spoils form a small scale ridge and graben topography. The south facing slopes of the piles are covered by grassland, whereas on the north exposition has trees and shrubs. Samples were taken from six sites with differences in topography and vegetation type. Diplomate T1 is at the top of the ridge with grassland, Diplomate S1 is on the southern slope with grassland, Diplomate N1 is on the northern slope with trees, and Diplomate N2 is on the northern slope with shrubs. For comparison we took samples from two sites without slope aspect. One site was an undisturbed grassland (Diplomate Z1) and the other sites were reclaimed piles (Diplomate R1). At each site, five soil profiles were examined and volumetrically sampled (250 cm3 steel ring) in steps of five centimeters to a depth of 30 centimeters. We present first results of basic physical and chemical soil parameters (bulk density, water content, pH, Cstock, N-stock).}, language = {en} }