@misc{FernandesdosSantosBrandaleroRechJunioretal., author = {Fernandes dos Santos, Fernando and Brandalero, Marcelo and Rech Junior, Rubens Luiz and H{\"u}bner, Michael and Rech, Paolo and Sullivan, Michael and Martins Basso, Pedro and Carro, Luigi}, title = {Reduced Precision DWC: an Efficient Hardening Strategy for Mixed-Precision Architectures}, series = {IEEE Transactions on Computers}, volume = {71(2022)}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers}, number = {3}, issn = {0018-9340}, doi = {10.1109/TC.2021.3058872}, pages = {573 -- 586}, abstract = {Duplication with Comparison (DWC) is an effective software-level solution to improve the reliability of computing devices. However, it introduces significant performance and energy consumption overheads that could render the protected application unsuitable for high-performance computing or real-time safety-critical applications. Modern computing architectures offer the possibility to execute operations in various precisions, and recent NVIDIA GPUs even feature dedicated functional units for computing with programmable accuracy. In this work, we propose Reduced-Precision Duplication with Comparison (RP-DWC) as a means to leverage the available mixed-precision hardware resources to implement software-level fault detection with reduced overheads. We discuss the benefits and challenges associated with RP-DWC and show that the intrinsic difference between the mixed-precision copies allows for the detection of most, but not all, errors. However, as the undetected faults are the ones that fall into the difference between precisions, they are the ones that produce a much smaller impact in the application output. We investigate, through fault injection and beam experiment campaigns, using three microbenchmarks and two real applications on Volta GPUs, RP-DWC impact into fault detection, performance, and energy consumption. We show that RP-DWC achieves an excellent coverage (up to 86\%) with minimal overheads (0.1\% time and 24\% energy consumption overhead).}, language = {en} } @misc{WhaleSpiegelaereTrypsteenetal., author = {Whale, Alexandra S. and Spiegelaere, Ward De and Trypsteen, W. and Nour, Afif Abdel and Bae, Young-Kyung and Benes, Vladimir and Cleveland, Megan and Devonshire, Alison S. and Dong, Lianhua and Drandi, Daniela and Foy, Carole A. and Garson, Jeremy A. and He, Hua-Jun and Hellemans, Jan and Kubista, Mikael and Lievens, Antoon and Makrigiogos, Mike G. and M{\"u}ller, Reinhold D. and Nolan, Tania and O'Sullivan, Denise M. and Pfaffl, Michael W. and R{\"o}diger, Stefan and Romsos, Erica L. and Shipley, Gregory L. and Taly, Valerie and Untergasser, Andreas and Wittwer, Carl T. and Bustin, Stephen A. and Vandesompele, Jo and Huggett, Jim F.}, title = {The Digital MIQE Guidelines Update: Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Digital PCR Experiments for 2020}, series = {Clinical Chemistry}, volume = {66}, journal = {Clinical Chemistry}, number = {8}, issn = {0009-9147}, doi = {10.1093/clinchem/hvaa125}, pages = {1012 -- 1029}, language = {en} }