@misc{HoxhaChevallierCiarchietal., author = {Hoxha, Isabelle and Chevallier, Sylvain and Ciarchi, Matteo and Glasauer, Stefan and Delorme, Arnaud and Amorim, Michel-Ange}, title = {Accounting for endogenous effects in decision-making with a non-linear diffusion decision model}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {13}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-32841-9}, abstract = {The Drift-Diffusion Model (DDM) is widely accepted for two-alternative forced-choice decision paradigms thanks to its simple formalism and close fit to behavioral and neurophysiological data. However, this formalism presents strong limitations in capturing inter-trial dynamics at the single- trial level and endogenous influences. We propose a novel model, the non-linear Drift-Diffusion Model (nl-DDM), that addresses these issues by allowing the existence of several trajectories to the decision boundary. We show that the non-linear model performs better than the drift-diffusion model for an equivalent complexity. To give better intuition on the meaning of nl-DDM parameters, we compare the DDM and the nl-DDM through correlation analysis. This paper provides evidence of the functioning of our model as an extension of the DDM. Moreover, we show that the nl-DDM captures time effects better than the DDM. Our model paves the way toward more accurately analyzing across-trial variability for perceptual decisions and accounts for peri-stimulus influences.}, language = {en} } @misc{KremmydaRettingerStruppetal., author = {Kremmyda, Olympia and Rettinger, Nicole and Strupp, Michael and B{\"u}ttner, Ulrich and Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {Teaching Video NeuroImages: Unilateral RIMLF lesion. Pathologic eye movement torsion indicates lesion side and site}, series = {Neurology}, volume = {100}, journal = {Neurology}, number = {16, Supplement 1}, issn = {0028-3878}, doi = {10.1212/WNL.0000000000207003}, pages = {S182 -- S183}, language = {en} } @misc{ChengChenGlasaueretal., author = {Cheng, Si and Chen, Siyi and Glasauer, Stefan and Keeser, Daniel and Shi, Zhuanghua}, title = {Neural mechanisms of sequential dependence in time perception: the impact of prior task and memory processing}, series = {Cerebral Cortex}, volume = {34(2024)}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, number = {1}, issn = {1460-2199}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhad453}, pages = {1 -- 14}, abstract = {Our perception and decision-making are susceptible to prior context. Such sequential dependence has been extensively studied in the visual domain, but less is known about its impact on time perception. Moreover, there are ongoing debates about whether these sequential biases occur at the perceptual stage or during subsequent post-perceptual processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated neural mechanisms underlying temporal sequential dependence and the role of action in time judgments across trials. Participants performed a timing task where they had to remember the duration of green coherent motion and were cued to either actively reproduce its duration or simply view it passively. We found that sequential biases in time perception were only evident when the preceding task involved active duration reproduction. Merely encoding a prior duration without reproduction failed to induce such biases. Neurally, we observed activation in networks associated with timing, such as striato-thalamo-cortical circuits, and performance monitoring networks, particularly when a "Response" trial was anticipated. Importantly, the hippocampus showed sensitivity to these sequential biases, and its activation negatively correlated with the individual's sequential bias following active reproduction trials. These findings highlight the significant role of memory networks in shaping time-related sequential biases at the post-perceptual stages.}, language = {en} } @misc{RegnathBiersackJaegeretal., author = {Regnath, Franziska and Biersack, Katharina and J{\"a}ger, Nina and Glasauer, Stefan and Lehnen, Nadine}, title = {Not a general, symptom-unspecific, transdiagnostic marker for functional symptoms: sensorimotor processing of head control is intact in chronic pain}, series = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, issn = {1664-2295}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2023.1294702}, abstract = {Introduction: Functional disorders are prevalent in all medical fields and pose a tremendous public health problem, with pain being one of the most common functional symptoms. Understanding the underlying, potentially unifying mechanism in functional (pain) disorders is instrumental in facilitating timely diagnosis, stigma reduction, and adequate treatment options. Neuroscientific models of perception suggest that functional symptoms arise due to dysregulated sensorimotor processing in the central nervous system, with brain-based predictions dominating the eventual percept. Experimental evidence for this transdiagnostic mechanism has been established in various functional symptoms. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether erroneous sensorimotor processing is an underlying transdiagnostic mechanism in chronic (functional) pain. Method: A total of 13 patients with chronic (functional) pain [three patients with chronic (functional) pain disorder, F45.40, ICD-10; 10 patients with chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors, F45.41, ICD-10]; and 15 healthy controls performed large combined eye-head gaze shifts toward visual targets, naturally and with increased head moment of inertia. We simultaneously measured participants' eye and head movements to assess head oscillations at the end of the gaze shift, which are an established indicator of (transdiagnostic) sensorimotor processing deficits of head control. Results: Using a Bayesian analysis protocol, we found that patients with chronic (functional) pain and control participants stabilized their heads equally well (Bayes Factor 01 = 3.7, Bayes Factor exclusion = 5.23; corresponding to substantial evidence) during all sessions of the experiment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with chronic (functional) pain do not show measurable symptom-unspecific sensorimotor processing deficits.}, language = {en} } @article{ShiAllenmarkTheisingeretal., author = {Shi, Zhuanghua and Allenmark, Fredrik and Theisinger, Laura A. and Pistorius, Rasmus L. and Glasauer, Stefan and M{\"u}ller, Hermann J. and Falter-Wagner, Christine M.}, title = {Predictive Processing in ASD: The Atypical Iterative Prior Updating Account}, series = {Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science}, volume = {5}, journal = {Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science}, number = {3}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {2667-1743}, doi = {10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100468}, pages = {9}, language = {en} } @book{JahrmannCoeckelberghGlasaueretal., author = {Jahrmann, Margarete and Coeckelbergh, Mark and Glasauer, Stefan and Wagensommerer, Thomas and Ruth, Charlotta and Aleksic, Zarko and Luif, Georg}, title = {Neuromatic play. Kopfgeld and other experiments}, editor = {Jahrmann, Margarete}, publisher = {Eigenverlag Experimental Game Cultures, Universit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Angewandte Kunst Wien}, address = {Wien}, isbn = {978-3-9505090-5-2}, doi = {10.57752/uaav_neuromatic-game-art_critical-play-with-neurointerfaces}, language = {en} } @misc{vonWerderAubeleRegnathetal., author = {von Werder, Dina and Aubele, Maria and Regnath, Franziska and Tebbe, Elisabeth and Mladenov, Dejan and von Rheinbaben, Victoria and Hahn, Elisabeth and Sch{\"a}fer, Daniel and Biersack, Katharina and Adorjan, Kristina and Stubbe, Hans C. and Bogaerts, Katleen and J{\"o}rres, Rudolf A. and Nowak, Dennis and Van den Bergh, Omer and Glasauer, Stefan and Lehnen, Nadine}, title = {Increased breathlessness in post-COVID syndrome despite normal breathing patterns in a rebreathing challenge}, series = {Scientific reports}, volume = {15}, journal = {Scientific reports}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {[London]}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-11728-x}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {Severe symptoms in the absence of measurable body pathology are a frequent hallmark of post-COVID syndrome. From a Bayesian Brain perspective, such symptoms can be explained by incorrect internal models that the brain uses to interpret sensory signals. In this pre-registered study, we investigate whether induced breathlessness perception during a controlled CO2rebreathing challenge is reflected by altered respiratory measures (physiology and breathing patterns), and propose different computational mechanisms that could explain our findings in a Bayesian Brain framework. We analysed data from 40 patients with post-COVID syndrome and 40 healthy participants. Results from lung function, neurological and neurocognitive examination of all participants were within normal limits on the day of the experiment. Using a Bayesian repeated-measures ANOVA, we found that patients' breathlessness was strongly increased (BF10,baseline =8.029, BF10,rebreathing =11636, BF10,recovery =43662) compared to controls. When excluding patients who hyperventilated (N = 8, 20\%) during the experiment from the analysis, differences in breathlessness remained (BF10,baseline =1.283, BF10,rebreathing =126.812, BF10,recovery =751.282). For physiology and breathing patterns, all evidence pointed towards no difference between the two groups (0.307  BF10 \< 0.704). In summary, we found intact breathing patterns and physiology but increased symptom perception in patients with post-COVID syndrome.}, language = {en} } @misc{BrandstetterJahrmannGlasauer, author = {Brandstetter, Thomas and Jahrmann, Margarete and Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {TREEgame design reflections and dispatches from treewhere}, series = {Conference Proceedings of DiGRA 2025 : Games at the Crossroads}, journal = {Conference Proceedings of DiGRA 2025 : Games at the Crossroads}, publisher = {Digitial Games Research Association DiGRA}, issn = {2342-9666}, doi = {10.26503/dl.v2025i2.2488}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {In this paper we describe and reflect the design process of a radically new approach in experimental game design, applying Ludic Method and The Psycholudic Approach in an idea of games for/with non-humans: The Tree Game prototype is an experimental board game that investigates new ways of addressing environmentalism, democracy and the relationship between society and nature. Our game features two radical mechanics: 1. A fundamental asymmetry in rules between the roles of "citizen" and "industrialist" and "lake" and "wood". While the first two play something akin to a typical Eurogame, the latter can't influence the game state, but instead play a drawing game that prioritizes creativity and expression. 2. Players' roles are switched randomly at irregular intervals. This means that each player will potentially play each role during the game. Our aim is to create a game that lets the players embody multi-perspectivity and radically different concepts of agency.}, language = {en} } @misc{ZangZhuAllenmarketal., author = {Zang, Xuelian and Zhu, Xiuna and Allenmark, Fredrik and Wu, Jiao and M{\"u}ller, Hermann J. and Glasauer, Stefan and Shi, Zhuanghua}, title = {Duration reproduction under memory pressure : modeling the roles of visual memory load in duration encoding and reproduction}, series = {bioRxiv}, journal = {bioRxiv}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, address = {Cold Spring Harbor}, doi = {10.1101/2022.02.10.479853}, pages = {1 -- 34}, abstract = {Duration estimates are often biased by the sampled statistical context, yielding the classical central-tendency effect, i.e., short durations are over- and long duration underestimated. Most studies of the central-tendency bias have primarily focused on the integration of the sensory measure and the prior information, without considering any cognitive limits. Here, we investigated the impact of cognitive (visual working-memory) load on duration estimation in the duration encoding and reproduction stages. In four experiments, observers had to perform a dual, attention-sharing task: reproducing a given duration (primary) and memorizing a variable set of color patches (secondary). We found an increase in memory load (i.e., set size) during the duration-encoding stage to increase the central-tendency bias, while shortening the reproduced duration in general; in contrast, increasing the load during the reproduction stage prolonged the reproduced duration, without influencing the central tendency. By integrating an attentional-sharing account into a hierarchical Bayesian model, we were able to predict both the general over- and underestimation and the central-tendency effects observed in all four experiments. The model suggests that memory pressure during the encoding stage increases the sensory noise, which elevates the central-tendency effect. In contrast, memory pressure during the reproduction stage only influences the monitoring of elapsed time, leading to a general duration over-reproduction without impacting the central tendency.}, language = {en} } @misc{GlasauerMedendorp, author = {Glasauer, Stefan and Medendorp, W. Pieter}, title = {Explaining attractive and repulsive biases in the subjective visual vertical}, series = {bioRxiv}, journal = {bioRxiv}, number = {2025.09.18.677071}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, address = {Cold Spring Harbor}, doi = {10.1101/2025.09.18.677071}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {Perception of gravity can be assessed by measuring the subjective visual vertical (SVV), the visually indicated spatial direction that appears earth-vertical to an observer. When the SVV is measured in darkness while the observer is roll-tilted, it shows substantial biases. At tilts larger than 45°, the bias is attractive, that is, the visual indicator appears vertical when rotated toward the observer. At smaller tilts, however, a repulsive bias is observed. The attractive bias has been explained within the Bayesian framework as the effect of a prior for upright posture. The repulsive bias has so far been considered anti-Bayesian, suboptimal, or as the result of uncompensated ocular counterroll. Here we show that both biases can be explained within a purely Bayesian model. More specifically, the repulsive bias at small roll-tilts is a consequence of the known tilt-dependent variability of the SVV, which is hypothesized to reflect different levels of sensory noise of the otolith organs. We thus provide a solution to a century-old question of why there is a repulsive bias in vertical perception.}, language = {en} } @misc{ShirzhiyanGlasauer, author = {Shirzhiyan, Zahra and Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {Neural correlates of perceptual biases in duration perception}, series = {bioRxiv}, journal = {bioRxiv}, editor = {Glasauer, Stefan}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, address = {Cold Spring Harbor}, doi = {10.1101/2025.09.13.675931}, pages = {1 -- 48}, abstract = {How we perceive a current event depends not only on its immediate context, but also on how our internal expectations are shaped by prior experience. In time perception, these expectations manifest as systematic biases, namely sequential dependence, where the current percept is influenced by the previous stimulus, and central tendency, the overestimation of short durations and underestimation of long ones. Both perceptual biases, corresponding to individual beliefs about stimulus generation, can vary substantially between participants. However, the neural correlates of these individual beliefs and their effects are unknown. Here, we investigate how these biases and their individual variations are reflected in neural responses in a duration reproduction task. Our EEG results show that in the frontocentral region, the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) while experiencing the current stimulus depends on the previous stimulus regardless of whether sequential dependence is high or low. In contrast, in the right parietal region, CNV significantly correlated with the amount of sequential dependence. Central tendency was associated with frontocentral CNV amplitude and post-stimulus P2 components. A Bayesian model of time perception reproduced the observed neural dynamics, suggesting that internal estimates and expectations of stimulus offset are reflected in EEG responses. Our results demonstrate that both forms of perceptual bias, sequential dependence and central tendency, are reflected in neural activity while experiencing the ongoing stimulus, suggesting that both biases directly affect the measurement of time.}, language = {en} } @misc{JahrmannBrandstetterGlasauer, author = {Jahrmann, Margarete and Brandstetter, Thomas and Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {ROBOPSY PL[AI] : using role-play to investigate how LLMs present collective memory}, series = {arXiv}, journal = {arXiv}, publisher = {arXiv}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2510.09874}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {The paper presents the first results of an artistic research project investigating how Large Language Models (LLMs) curate and present collective memory. In a public installation exhibited during two months in Vienna in 2025, visitors could interact with five different LLMs (ChatGPT with GPT 4o and GPT 4o mini, Mistral Large, DeepSeek-Chat, and a locally run Llama 3.1 model), which were instructed to act as narrators, implementing a role-playing game revolving around the murder of Austrian philosopher Moritz Schlick in 1936. Results of the investigation include protocols of LLM-user interactions during the game and qualitative conversations after the play experience to get insight into the players' reactions to the game. In a quantitative analysis 115 introductory texts for role-playing generated by the LLMs were examined by different methods of natural language processing, including semantic similarity and sentiment analysis. While the qualitative player feedback allowed to distinguish three distinct types of users, the quantitative text analysis showed significant differences between how the different LLMs presented the historical content. Our study thus adds to ongoing efforts to analyse LLM performance, but also suggests a way of how these efforts can be disseminated in a playful way to a general audience.}, language = {en} }