@misc{BasserehFleurietMustarietal., author = {Bassereh, Hassan and Fleuriet, J{\´e}rome and Mustari, Michael J. and Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {Linear regression versus information-theoretic approach; efficiencies and deficiencies}, series = {Bernstein Conference 2020, September, 29 - October, 1, 2020}, journal = {Bernstein Conference 2020, September, 29 - October, 1, 2020}, doi = {10.12751/nncn.bc2020.0023}, pages = {1}, language = {en} } @misc{LutfiGlasauerSpittler, author = {Lutfi, Helana and Glasauer, Stefan and Spittler, Thomas}, title = {The healthcare benefits and impact of artificial intelligence applications on behaviour of healthcare users: a structured review of primary literature}, series = {Journal of the International Society for Telemedicine and EHealth}, volume = {8}, journal = {Journal of the International Society for Telemedicine and EHealth}, issn = {2308-0310}, doi = {10.29086/JISfTeH.8.e10}, pages = {1 -- 5}, abstract = {Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most considered topics of the current time. AI has the power to bring revolutionary improvements to the world of technology not only in the field of computer science but also in other fields like medical sciences. Objectives: This paper assumes the adoption of appropriate AI engineering principals in previous studies, and focusses on providing a structured review of the impact of AI on human society and the individual human being as a technology user. Additionally, it opens a window on how the future will look like in terms of AI and personalised medicine. Methods: The paper employed a qualitative research approach and data were collected through a structured literature review. Twenty-three peer reviewed papers were identified and analysed in relation to their relevance to the study. Results: Previous studies show a positive impact on users' behaviour is expected in supporting their healthcare needs especially in decision-making, personalised treatment and future diseases prediction, and that integrating users in studying AI impact is essential to test possible implications of the technology. Conclusion: Results indicate that without a clear understanding of why patients need AI, or how AI can support individuals with their healthcare needs, it is difficult to visualise the kinds of AI applications that have a meaningful and sustainable impact the daily lives of individuals. Therefore, there is an emerging need to understand the impact of AI technology on users' behaviour to maximise the potential benefits of AI technology.}, language = {en} } @misc{GlasauerHausmannMacNeilage, author = {Glasauer, Stefan and Hausmann, Peter and MacNeilage, Paul R.}, title = {Statistics of natural head motion suggest different head motion priors for rest and movement}, series = {Bernstein Conference 2018}, journal = {Bernstein Conference 2018}, doi = {10.12751/nncn.bc2018.0132}, language = {en} } @misc{GlasauerSalmasiStemmler, author = {Glasauer, Stefan and Salmasi, Mehrdad and Stemmler, Martin}, title = {The synergy between neurotransmitter spillover and asynchronous release in information transmission}, series = {Bernstein Conference 2018}, journal = {Bernstein Conference 2018}, doi = {10.12751/nncn.bc2018.0209}, language = {en} } @misc{BasserehRattayGlasauer, author = {Bassereh, Hassan and Rattay, Frank and Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {A mathematical framework for vesicle release from a retinal bipolar cell}, series = {Bernstein Conference}, journal = {Bernstein Conference}, doi = {10.12751/nncn.bc2019.0209}, language = {en} } @misc{Glasauer, author = {Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {Sensorimotor control of smooth pursuit}, series = {Neuroscience 2018 Home}, journal = {Neuroscience 2018 Home}, abstract = {Interaction with the visual world critically depends on when and how we move our eyes. Eye movements, in turn, alter our experience of the world by selecting objects to foveate and tracking objects over time. The interaction between vision and eye movements continues indefinitely, one process modulating the strength and timing of the other. Despite this tight linkage, vision is often studied outside the context of eye movements, during stable fixation. Likewise, eye movements are often studied with sparse visual stimuli and under ideal viewing conditions. A more accurate understanding of vision requires studying perception in the context of eye movements. Different types of eye movements reveal different aspects of how the brain works. The continuous nature of tracking smooth pursuit eye movements, combined with its ubiquitous presence in natural vision, makes it an excellent system in which to analyze perception at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. For example, how does vision change during the transition from fixation to pursuit, and when does the brain allocate resources to account for these changes? In contrast, the ballistic nature of saccades requires analysis divided into discrete epochs, including well before the saccade during the planning stage, during saccade execution, and after the movement. At the neuronal level, how do heterogeneous populations of visual- and saccade-related cells come to represent a single saccade vector during these different epochs? What are the effects on visual perception when saccades and pursuit interact? This symposium will reveal how research incorporating both types of eye movements and visual perception can provide a more ecologically valid account of visual-motor integration and the intervening cognitive processes. This symposium will review innovative approaches and recent advances in understanding the interplay of eye movements and vision. We will take a multifaceted approach to understanding the effects of both exploratory (saccades) and tracking (smooth pursuit) eye movements on vision by using a range of methodologies and animal models (data-driven modeling, clinical populations, and simultaneous recordings of neuronal populations; humans, macaques, and marmosets). This symposium will appeal to vision scientists interested in selective attention, motion processing, neuronal modeling, motor control, neural circuits, and related topics. Our collective goal is to uncover the dynamics of visual perception and the candidate neuronal mechanisms that support eye movements.}, language = {en} } @misc{SalmasiGlasauerStemmler, author = {Salmasi, Mehrdad and Glasauer, Stefan and Stemmler, Martin}, title = {Neurotransmitter spillover redresses the information loss caused by synaptic depression}, series = {Lisboa 2019, Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 28 feb - 3 mar}, journal = {Lisboa 2019, Conference Lisbon, Portugal, 28 feb - 3 mar}, pages = {154}, language = {en} } @misc{KostorzFlanaginGlasauer, author = {Kostorz, Kathrin and Flanagin, Virginia and Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {Instructor-observer synchronization of BOLD activity mediated by instructive origami videos}, series = {Neuroscience 2018}, journal = {Neuroscience 2018}, language = {en} } @misc{GlasauerShi, author = {Glasauer, Stefan and Shi, Z.}, title = {150 years of Vierordt's law: The role of experimental protocol}, series = {CA: Society for Neuroscience, 2018}, journal = {CA: Society for Neuroscience, 2018}, address = {San Diego}, language = {en} } @misc{GlasauerShi, author = {Glasauer, Stefan and Shi, Zhuanghua}, title = {The origin of Vierordt's law: The experimental protocol matters}, series = {PsyCH Journal}, volume = {10}, journal = {PsyCH Journal}, number = {5}, issn = {2046-0260}, doi = {10.1002/pchj.464}, pages = {732 -- 741}, abstract = {In 1868, Karl Vierordt discovered one type of errors in time perception—an overestimation of short duration and underestimation of long durations, known as Vierordt's law. Here we reviewed the original study in its historical context and asked whether Vierordt's law is a result of an unnatural experimental randomization protocol. Using iterative Bayesian updating, we simulated the original results with high accuracy. Importantly, the model also predicted that a slowly changing random-walk sequence produces less central tendency than a random sequence with the same durations. This was validated by a duration reproduction experiment from two sequences (random and random walk) with the same sampled distribution. The results showed that trial-wise variation influenced the magnitude of Vierordt's law. We concluded that Vierordt's law is caused by an unnatural yet widely used experimental protocol.}, language = {en} } @misc{GlasauerShi, author = {Glasauer, Stefan and Shi, Zhuanghua}, title = {Differences in beliefs about stimulus generation explain individual perceptual biases}, series = {Bernstein Conference 2021, September 21 - 23, 2021}, volume = {2021}, journal = {Bernstein Conference 2021, September 21 - 23, 2021}, doi = {10.12751/nncn.bc2021.p052}, language = {en} } @misc{KostorzFlanaginGlasauer, author = {Kostorz, Kathrin and Flanagin, Virginia and Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {Intersubject synchrony of viewers during naturalistic observational learning of a complex bimanual task}, series = {Neuroimage: Reports}, volume = {2}, journal = {Neuroimage: Reports}, number = {2}, issn = {2666-9560}, doi = {10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100084}, pages = {18}, abstract = {Watching an instructional video has become a common way to learn a new task. However, we have but a sparse understanding of the neural processes involved during observational learning in naturalistic settings. Recently developed data driven methods for analyzing brain activity provide an opportunity for further investigation. Here, we evaluate intersubject synchrony during fMRI to understand common brain processes during naturalistic observational learning. Participants solitarily watched an instructional video and learned how to fold a paper figure. Three learning runs were sufficient to successfully solve the task. To assess interbrain synchrony, we extended previous principal component (PCA)-based methods to an intersubject principal component analysis (PCA), which offers multiple measures for additional insights into the nature of the synchrony. Using the different metrics of this method, we show a robust synchronous involvement of the action observation execution network (AOEN) in observational learning, between subjects as well as within subjects, regardless of the task or video content. Importantly, additional areas such as the cerebellum, primary motor cortex, control, and sensory integration areas also showed robust synchrony in observational learning. Complimentary to this robust general synchrony, individual regions of the AOEN exhibited task-related differences. Synchrony decreased during the learning process, likely reflecting task state and individual learning strategies. To test the stimulus as a possible source of synchrony, we quantified the temporal structure as the optic flow of the instructional video. Optic flow was strongly related to common activation of the somatomotor areas of the AOEN well beyond visual areas, but could not completely explain synchrony. Thus, although visual motion provides a proxy for meaningful hand actions, our results suggest that intersubject synchrony reflects common cognitive processing during observa- tional learning beyond sensory input.}, language = {en} } @misc{GlasauerShi, author = {Glasauer, Stefan and Shi, Zhuanghua}, title = {Individual beliefs about temporal continuity explain variation of perceptual biases}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {12}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-14939-8}, abstract = {Perception of magnitudes such as duration or distance is often found to be systematically biased. The biases, which result from incorporating prior knowledge in the perceptual process, can vary considerably between individuals. The variations are commonly attributed to differences in sensory precision and reliance on priors. However, another factor not considered so far is the implicit belief about how successive sensory stimuli are generated: independently from each other or with certain temporal continuity. The main types of explanatory models proposed so far—static or iterative—mirror this distinction but cannot adequately explain individual biases. Here we propose a new unifying model that explains individual variation as combination of sensory precision and beliefs about temporal continuity and predicts the experimentally found changes in biases when altering temporal continuity. Thus, according to the model, individual differences in perception depend on beliefs about how stimuli are generated in the world.}, language = {en} } @misc{GlasauerStraka, author = {Glasauer, Stefan and Straka, Hans}, title = {Low Gain Values of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Can Optimize Retinal Image Slip}, series = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {13}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, issn = {1664-2295}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2022.897293}, abstract = {The angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) stabilizes retinal images by counter-rotating the eyes during head rotations. Perfect compensatory movements would thus rotate the eyes exactly opposite to the head, that is, eyes vs. head would exhibit a unity gain. However, in many species, but also in elderly humans or patients with a history of vestibular damage, the aVOR is far from compensatory with gains that are in part considerably lower than unity. The reason for this apparent suboptimality is unknown. Here, we propose that low VOR gain values reflect an optimal adaptation to sensory and motor signal variability. According to this hypothesis, gaze stabilization mechanisms that aim at minimizing the overall retinal image slip must consider the effects of (1) sensory and motor noise and (2) dynamic constraints of peripheral and central nervous processing. We demonstrate that a computational model for optimizing retinal image slip in the presence of such constraints of signal processing in fact predicts gain values smaller than unity. We further show specifically for tadpoles of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis with particularly low gain values that previously reported VOR gains quantitatively correspond to the observed variability of eye movements and thus constitute an optimal adaptation mechanism. We thus hypothesize that lower VOR gain values in elderly human subjects or recovered patients with a history of vestibular damage may be the sign of an optimization given higher noise levels rather than a direct consequence of the damage, such as an inability of executing fast compensatory eye movements.}, language = {en} } @misc{GlasauerStraka, author = {Glasauer, Stefan and Straka, Hans}, title = {Ear pins down evolution of thermoregulation}, series = {Nature}, journal = {Nature}, number = {607}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-022-01943-1}, pages = {661 -- 662}, abstract = {An analysis of fossil specimens of the inner ear helps to refine the timeframe of a key transition in vertebrate evolution — when our mammal-like ancestors began to regulate and maintain a high body temperature.}, language = {en} } @misc{KremmydaRettingerStruppetal., author = {Kremmyda, Olympia and Rettinger, Nicole and Strupp, Michael and B{\"u}ttner, Ulrich and Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {Teaching Video NeuroImages: Unilateral RIMLF lesion. Pathologic eye movement torsion indicates lesion side and site}, series = {Neurology}, volume = {100}, journal = {Neurology}, number = {16, Supplement 1}, issn = {0028-3878}, doi = {10.1212/WNL.0000000000207003}, pages = {S182 -- S183}, language = {en} } @misc{ChengChenGlasaueretal., author = {Cheng, Si and Chen, Siyi and Glasauer, Stefan and Keeser, Daniel and Shi, Zhuanghua}, title = {Neural mechanisms of sequential dependence in time perception: the impact of prior task and memory processing}, series = {Cerebral Cortex}, volume = {34(2024)}, journal = {Cerebral Cortex}, number = {1}, issn = {1460-2199}, doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhad453}, pages = {1 -- 14}, abstract = {Our perception and decision-making are susceptible to prior context. Such sequential dependence has been extensively studied in the visual domain, but less is known about its impact on time perception. Moreover, there are ongoing debates about whether these sequential biases occur at the perceptual stage or during subsequent post-perceptual processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated neural mechanisms underlying temporal sequential dependence and the role of action in time judgments across trials. Participants performed a timing task where they had to remember the duration of green coherent motion and were cued to either actively reproduce its duration or simply view it passively. We found that sequential biases in time perception were only evident when the preceding task involved active duration reproduction. Merely encoding a prior duration without reproduction failed to induce such biases. Neurally, we observed activation in networks associated with timing, such as striato-thalamo-cortical circuits, and performance monitoring networks, particularly when a "Response" trial was anticipated. Importantly, the hippocampus showed sensitivity to these sequential biases, and its activation negatively correlated with the individual's sequential bias following active reproduction trials. These findings highlight the significant role of memory networks in shaping time-related sequential biases at the post-perceptual stages.}, language = {en} } @misc{RegnathBiersackJaegeretal., author = {Regnath, Franziska and Biersack, Katharina and J{\"a}ger, Nina and Glasauer, Stefan and Lehnen, Nadine}, title = {Not a general, symptom-unspecific, transdiagnostic marker for functional symptoms: sensorimotor processing of head control is intact in chronic pain}, series = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, issn = {1664-2295}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2023.1294702}, abstract = {Introduction: Functional disorders are prevalent in all medical fields and pose a tremendous public health problem, with pain being one of the most common functional symptoms. Understanding the underlying, potentially unifying mechanism in functional (pain) disorders is instrumental in facilitating timely diagnosis, stigma reduction, and adequate treatment options. Neuroscientific models of perception suggest that functional symptoms arise due to dysregulated sensorimotor processing in the central nervous system, with brain-based predictions dominating the eventual percept. Experimental evidence for this transdiagnostic mechanism has been established in various functional symptoms. The goal of the current study was to investigate whether erroneous sensorimotor processing is an underlying transdiagnostic mechanism in chronic (functional) pain. Method: A total of 13 patients with chronic (functional) pain [three patients with chronic (functional) pain disorder, F45.40, ICD-10; 10 patients with chronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors, F45.41, ICD-10]; and 15 healthy controls performed large combined eye-head gaze shifts toward visual targets, naturally and with increased head moment of inertia. We simultaneously measured participants' eye and head movements to assess head oscillations at the end of the gaze shift, which are an established indicator of (transdiagnostic) sensorimotor processing deficits of head control. Results: Using a Bayesian analysis protocol, we found that patients with chronic (functional) pain and control participants stabilized their heads equally well (Bayes Factor 01 = 3.7, Bayes Factor exclusion = 5.23; corresponding to substantial evidence) during all sessions of the experiment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with chronic (functional) pain do not show measurable symptom-unspecific sensorimotor processing deficits.}, language = {en} } @misc{ShirzhiyanGlasauer, author = {Shirzhiyan, Zahra and Glasauer, Stefan}, title = {Late CNV-P2 amplitude as neural index of time interval perception}, series = {Bernstein Conference 2021, September 21 - 23, 2021}, volume = {2021}, journal = {Bernstein Conference 2021, September 21 - 23, 2021}, doi = {10.12751/nncn.bc2021.p153}, language = {de} } @misc{GlasauerStraka, author = {Glasauer, Stefan and Straka, Hans}, title = {Optimality of the vestibulo-ocular reflex}, series = {Abstracts NWG Meeting G{\"o}ttingen 2021}, volume = {2021}, journal = {Abstracts NWG Meeting G{\"o}ttingen 2021}, language = {en} }