@misc{ReissMakarovaSpalleketal., author = {Reiss, Katharina and Makarova, Nataliya and Spallek, Jacob and Zeeb, Hajo and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Identifizierung und Rekrutierung von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund f{\"u}r epidemiologische Studien in Deutschland}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {75}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {6}, issn = {1439-4421}, doi = {10.1055/s-0032-1321768}, pages = {e49 -- e58}, language = {de} } @misc{DeSantisMuellmannPanetal., author = {De Santis, Karina Karolina and M{\"u}llmann, Saskia and Pan, Chen-Chia and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Digital technology use for physical activity promotion: Results of a nationwide survey in Germany}, series = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, journal = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.22062.48967}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background. Digital technologies can contribute to healthy behaviour. We aimed to investigate a digital technology use for physical activity (PA) promotion using a nationwide survey. Methods. Our cross-sectional survey was conducted using a panel sample of 1020 adult internet users living in Germany (age: 18-92 years, 47\% female). Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted using a self-developed questionnaire in November 2022. Survey data were analysed using relative frequencies and bivariate logistic regression. Findings. Among all participants, 626/1020 reported internet use in health context and 278/626 (44\%) reported digital technology use for PA promotion. Most of the 278 users for PA promotion reported that such technologies are easy to use (92\%) and use them at least once a week (91\%). The reasons for using digital technologies were to measure own PA (74\%) or to find exercise ideas (57\%). Most participants reported using mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, 77\%, or activity trackers, 58\%) and rated device feedback as helpful (69\%). Among sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education, household income), health status and eHealth literacy, younger age was the only significant predictor (OR=.98, 95\% CI: .97-.99) of digital technology use for PA promotion. Discussion. Despite their availability, the prevalence of digital technology use for PA promotion is still low among adult internet users in Germany. Such technologies are likely to support PA behaviour change because users rate them as easy to use, their feedback as helpful and use them frequently. Health interventions are necessary to encourage digital technology use for PA promotion among adults in Germany.}, language = {en} } @misc{MuellmannDeSantisPanetal., author = {M{\"u}llmann, Saskia and De Santis, Karina Karolina and Pan, Chen-Chia and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Attitudes towards digital technology use in health context according to a nationwide survey in Germany}, series = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, journal = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.24579.07200}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background Digitalization has led to a proliferation of digital health technologies and online health information. We aimed to assess the attitudes towards digital technology use in health context using a nationwide survey. Methods A cross-sectional nationwide survey of a panel sample of adult internet users living in Germany was conducted in November 2022. Participants completed computer-assisted telephone interviews using a self-developed, 30-item questionnaire. Survey data were analysed using frequencies and univariate multiple regression analysis. Findings Among 1,020 participants (18-92 years, 56±16 years, 47\% female), 62\% completed up to tertiary education and 42\% reported the household income of up to 3500 Euro/month. The minority of participants reported that they trust health websites when recommended by friends and family (39\%), that their social network relies on the internet for health information (35\%), that they consider the internet as the immediate source of health information (39\%) and that they are interested in digital health technologies (40\%). Most participants (71\%) reported that they prefer to receive health information in person or on paper. The preference for such sources of health information was associated with lower eHealth literacy (β= -.12, p<.001), worse health status (β= -.08, p=.026) and female gender (β= -.08, p=.033). Discussion The trust in the internet as the source of health information and the interest in digital health technologies were low among internet users in Germany. Interventions should strengthen eHealth literacy to empower adults to find, understand and assess reliable health information on the Internet.}, language = {en} } @misc{ScholaskeAdamSpalleketal., author = {Scholaske, Laura and Adam, Emma K. and Spallek, Jacob and Entringer, Sonja}, title = {Maternal BMI and inflammation during pregnancy: a bi- or unidirectional association?}, series = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity}, volume = {106}, journal = {Brain, Behavior, and Immunity}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.049}, pages = {12}, abstract = {Methods: 140 pregnant women participated in a multi-site prospective cohort study in, Germany with two study visits during pregnancy (T1: 24.44 ± 2.34, T2: 32.92 ± 1.72 weeks of gestation). Maternal BMI was derived from body length and current weight and was residualized for gestational week at assessment. Pro-inflammatory markers CRP and IL-6 were analyzed from venous blood samples and combined into a repeatedly measured composite inflammation score. Results: In a path model, T1-BMI significantly predicted T2-inflammation (b=0.53, SE=0.02, p <.001), and T1-inflammation predicted T2-BMI (b=0.46, SE=0.42, p <.001), suggesting a bidirectional relationship between BMI and inflammation. However, further adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI diminished the association between T1-inflammation and T2-BMI (b=0.004, SE=0.22, p =.922), whereas the relationship between T1-BMI and T2-inflammation remained significant (b=0.20, SE=0.01, p =.004). Thus, adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI underlined a unidirectional relationship. Conclusions: Based on these results, reducing overweight may be a relevant target for interventions to reduce inflammation and the risk of subsequent adverse outcomes.}, language = {en} } @misc{LueckmannHoebelRoicketal., author = {Lueckmann, Sara Lena and Hoebel, Jens and Roick, Julia and Markert, Jenny and Spallek, Jacob and Knesebeck, Olaf von dem and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Socioeconomic inequalities in primary-care and specialist physician visits: a systematic review}, series = {International journal for equity in health}, volume = {20}, journal = {International journal for equity in health}, issn = {1475-9276}, doi = {10.1186/s12939-020-01375-1}, pages = {19}, abstract = {Background Utilization of primary-care and specialist physicians seems to be associated differently with socioeconomic status (SES). This review aims to summarize and compare the evidence on socioeconomic inequalities in consulting primary-care or specialist physicians in the general adult population in high-income countries. Methods We carried out a systematic search across the most relevant databases (Web of Science, Medline) and included all studies, published since 2004, reporting associations between SES and utilization of primary-care and/or specialist physicians. In total, 57 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Results Many studies found socioeconomic inequalities in physician utilization, but inequalities were more pronounced in visiting specialists than primary-care physicians. The results of the studies varied strongly according to the operationalization of utilization, namely whether a physician was visited (probability) or how often a physician was visited (frequency). For probabilities of visiting primary-care physicians predominantly no association with SES was found, but frequencies of visits were higher in the most disadvantaged. The most disadvantaged often had lower probabilities of visiting specialists, but in many studies no link was found between the number of visits and SES. Conclusion This systematic review emphasizes that inequalities to the detriment of the most deprived is primarily a problem in the probability of visiting specialist physicians. Healthcare policy should focus first off on effective access to specialist physicians in order to tackle inequalities in healthcare.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchillingSpallekMauletal., author = {Schilling, Laura and Spallek, Jacob and Maul, Holger and Schneider, Sven}, title = {Study on E-Cigarettes and Pregnancy (STEP) - Results of a Mixed Methods Study on Risk Perceptionof E-Cigarette Use During Pregnancy}, series = {Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde}, volume = {81}, journal = {Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde}, number = {02}, issn = {0016‑5751}, doi = {10.1055/a-1308-2376}, pages = {214 -- 223}, abstract = {Introduction E-cigarette use during pregnancy is a risk factor for maternal and fetal health. Early studies on animals showed that in utero exposure to e-cigarettes can have negative health outcomes for the fetus. There has been only limited research into the risk perceptions of e-cigarette use during pregnancy. This study was conducted to comprehensively characterize the constructs of risk perceptions with regard to e-cigarette use during pregnancy using an Integrated Health Belief Model (IHBM). Methods Our STudy on E-cigarettes and Pregnancy (STEP)used a mixed methods approach, with the study divided intoan initial qualitative part and a quantitative part. A netno-graphic approach was used for the first part, which consistedof the analysis of 1552 posts from 25 German-language on-line discussion threads on e-cigarette use during pregnancy. Using these qualitative results, a quantitative questionnaire was developed to explore risk perception constructs about e‑cigarette use during pregnancy. This questionnaire was subsequently administered to pregnant women (n = 575) in onehospital in Hamburg, Germany. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was used to examine differences in risk perception ac-cording to participantsʼ tobacco and e-cigarette user status before and during pregnancy. While the study design, methods and sample have been extensively described in our recently published study protocol in the January 2020 issue of Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde, this paper is devoted to apresentation of the results of our mixed methods study. Results Themes related to perceived threats identified in the qualitative study part were nicotine-related health risks and po-tential health risks of additional ingredients. Perceived benefits were possibility and facilitation of smoking cessationand a pre-sumed potential to reduce harm. The subsequent quantitative part showed that nearly all participants (99.3\%) perceivede‑cigarettes which contained nicotine as constituting a threat to the health of the unborn child. The most commonly perceived barrier was health-related (96.6\%), while the most commonly perceived benefit was a reduction in the amount of tobacco cigarettes consumed (31.8\%). We found that partic-ularly perceived benefits varied depending on the partici-pantʼs tobacco and e-cigarette user status. Conclusion When considering future prevention strategies, the potential health risks and disputed effectiveness of e-cigarettes as a tool for smoking cessation need to be taken intoaccount and critically discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{MianiBatramZantvoortWandschneideretal., author = {Miani, C{\´e}line and Batram-Zantvoort, Stephanie and Wandschneider, Lisa and Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Potential of Standard Perinatal Data for Measuring Violation of Birth Integrity}, series = {Frontiers in global women's health}, journal = {Frontiers in global women's health}, number = {1}, issn = {2673-5059}, doi = {10.3389/fgwh.2020.581244}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Background: Measuring the phenomenon of violation of birth integrity (vBI) (e.g., obstetric violence) relies in part on the availability and content of maternity care providers' data. The population coverage and linkage possibilities that these data provide make for a yet untapped potential. Although vBI is a complex phenomenon best measured with dedicated instruments, we argue that maternity care providers' data could contribute to enhance our knowledge of the manifestations and frequency of vBI, and allow for analyses across different sub-groups of the population. Looking into the German standardized perinatal data, we investigate which variables are relevant to vBI-related research, and how complete their reporting is. Methods: First, we analyse state-of-the-art frameworks and recommendations, and, for each vBI-related domain, we search for and list corresponding variables in the perinatal data which could contribute to a better understanding of vBI issues. Second, we use an example and analyse the content of perinatal data obtained between 2013 and 2016 in the context of the BaBi birth cohort study set in Bielefeld, Germany. We use descriptive statistics to assess the completeness of the data. Results: The vBI-related variables can be classified in three main categories: discrimination based on specific patient socio-demographic attributes (e.g., height and weight to calculate BMI before pregnancy, foreign origin), indication for medical interventions (i.e., medicalization-related variables: indication for cesarean sections and induction), and supportive care, in particular the mobilization dimension (e.g., continuous fetal heartbeat monitoring). The data analyses included 876 births, of which 601 were vaginal birth. We found poor reporting on demographic variables in terms of completeness. Medicalization and mobilization variables are better documented, although limited in scope. Conclusions: Putting more emphasis on the completeness of standardized data could increase their potential for vBI-related research. Perinatal data alone are insufficient to assess vBI, but a broader, theory-informed discussion of indicators to be included in standardized datasets would contribute to capturing the different aspects of integrity violation in a more systematic way and expand the evidence-base on different types of vBI.}, language = {en} } @incollection{RazumReeskeSpallek, author = {Razum, Oliver and Reeske, Anna and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Schwangerschaft, Geburt und erstes Lebensjahr in der Migration: gesundheitliche Herausforderungen}, series = {Schwangerschaft, Geburt und fr{\"u}he Kindheit in der Migration}, booktitle = {Schwangerschaft, Geburt und fr{\"u}he Kindheit in der Migration}, editor = {David, Matthias and Borde, Theda}, publisher = {Mabuse-Verlag}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, isbn = {979-3-940529-91-6}, pages = {57 -- 72}, abstract = {Dieser Artikel besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit den, durch mangelnde Akkulturation oder geringe Integration bedingte, Risikofaktoren f{\"u}r Gesundheitsprobleme w{\"a}hrend der Schwangerschaft, in der Perinatalzeit und im ersten Lebensjahr.}, language = {de} } @incollection{SpallekZeeb, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Bedarf und Inanspruchnahme psychiatrischer Versorgung durch Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland}, series = {Handbuch transkulturelle Psychiatrie}, booktitle = {Handbuch transkulturelle Psychiatrie}, editor = {Hegemann, Thomas and Salman, Ramazan}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Psychiatrie-Verlag}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88414-467-1}, pages = {58 -- 68}, abstract = {Obwohl die Migration ein offensichtlich psychisch stark belastender Vorgang ist, gibt es zu dem Bedarf und der Inanspruchnahme psychiatrischer Versorgung durch Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland wenig erforschtes Wissen. Dieser Artikel zeigt ein Modell auf, wie diese Belastung wirkt, wo Hindernisse und wo noch Bedarf in der Forschung f{\"u}r dieses Thema liegen.}, language = {de} } @book{Spallek, author = {Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Migrantengesundheit - Die Sicht der Life-Course-Epidemiologie am Beispiel von Krebs bei t{\"u}rkischen Zuwanderern}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim und Basel}, isbn = {978-3-7799-1983-4}, pages = {105}, abstract = {Die Gesundheit von Zuwanderern und von der nicht eingewanderten Bev{\"o}lkerung unterscheidet sich zum Teil erheblich. M{\"o}gliche Ursachen daf{\"u}r k{\"o}nnen w{\"a}hrend des ganzen Lebenslaufs der Zuwanderer aufgetreten sein. Dieses Buch besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit dieser Lebenslaufperspektive anhand der empirischen Ergebnisse von zwei epidemiologischen Untersuchungen zu Krebsrisiken von t{\"u}rkischen Zuwanderern in Deutschland.}, language = {de} }