@misc{DrechslerSmithSturmetal., author = {Drechsler, Martin and Smith, Henrik G. and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Cost-effectiveness of conservation payment schemes for species with different range sizes}, series = {Conservation Biology}, volume = {30}, journal = {Conservation Biology}, number = {4}, issn = {1523-1739}, doi = {10.1111/cobi.12708}, pages = {894 -- 899}, language = {en} } @misc{EkroosOedmanAnderssonetal., author = {Ekroos, Johan and {\"O}dman, Anja M. and Andersson, Georg K. S. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Herbertsson, Lina and Klatt, Bj{\"o}rn B. and Olsson, Ola and Persson, Anna S. and Prentice, Honor C. and Rundl{\"o}f, Maj and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Sparing land for biodiversity at multiple spatial scales}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2015.00145}, pages = {145}, language = {en} } @misc{HansonPalmuBirkhoferetal., author = {Hanson, Helena I. and Palmu, Erkki and Birkhofer, Klaus and Smith, Henrik G. and Hedlund, Katarina}, title = {Agricultural land use determines the trait composition of ground beetle communities}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {11}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {1}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0146329}, pages = {e0146329}, language = {en} } @misc{RundloefSmithBirkhofer, author = {Rundl{\"o}f, Maj and Smith, Henrik G. and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Effects of organic farming on biodiversity}, series = {eLS - Wiley Online Library}, journal = {eLS - Wiley Online Library}, doi = {10.1002/9780470015902.a0026342}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {Changes in farming practices over the past century have had negative influence on farmland biodiversity. Organic farming excludes most agrochemicals, such as inorganic fertilisers and synthetic pesticides, and can be an alternative to conventional farming. A recent meta-analysis indicates that there is on average 30\% higher species richness on organically managed farmland compared to conventionally managed farmland. There are, however, large variation between organism groups, with a positive influence on plants and pollinators and possibly predators and birds, but less influence on and insufficient knowledge for other groups. Using more formal experimental design, focusing on understudied organism groups and aspects of biodiversity, such as genetic and ecosystem diversity, and evaluating effects on rare species would advance our knowledge. The yield reduction under organic farming, resulting in more land needed to produce the same amount, could offset some of the biodiversity benefits of organic farming.}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferArvidssonEhlersetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Arvidsson, Fredrik and Ehlers, D. and Mader, Viktoria and Bengtsson, Janne and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Landscape complexity and organic farming independently affect the biological control of hemipteran pests and yields in spring barley}, series = {Landscape Ecology}, volume = {31}, journal = {Landscape Ecology}, number = {3}, issn = {0921-2973}, doi = {10.1007/s10980-015-0263-8}, pages = {567 -- 579}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferSmithRundloef, author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Smith, Henrik G. and Rundl{\"o}f, Maj}, title = {Environmental Impacts of Organic Farming}, series = {eLS - Wiley Online Library}, journal = {eLS - Wiley Online Library}, doi = {10.1002/9780470015902.a0026341}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {Organic agriculture is a production system that aims at sustaining healthy soils, ecosystems and people by prohibiting the application of synthetic pesticides and fertilisers in crop production and by emphasising animal welfare in livestock breeding. This article shows that organic agriculture is characterised by higher soil quality and reduced nutrient or pesticide leaching compared to nonorganic agriculture, but that positive effects on biological control services or emission of greenhouse gases are less evident. Yield gaps between organic and nonorganic agriculture are on average 20\%, but vary between crops and regions. Given the environmental risks that are associated with intensive, nonorganic agriculture, farming practices should be modified to decrease risks. Organic agriculture can be a more environmentally friendly alternative, but individual farming practices need improvement to meet the demands of a growing human population. Further growth of the organic farming sector will contribute to reduce the negative environmental impact of agriculture.}, language = {en} }