@misc{KuehhornBeirowSchrapeetal., author = {K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Beirow, Bernd and Schrape, Sven and Golze, Mark and Kn{\"o}pke, Martin}, title = {Simulation fluidged{\"a}mpfter Strukturschwingungen mittels partitionierter Fluid-Struktur-Kopplung}, series = {Forum der Forschung}, volume = {9}, journal = {Forum der Forschung}, number = {18}, issn = {0947-6989}, pages = {79 -- 86}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schrape, author = {Schrape, Sven}, title = {Zur Simulation von Fluid-Struktur-Wechselwirkungen schwingender Verdichtergitter mittels kommerzieller Software}, publisher = {Shaker}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {978-3-8440-1541-6}, pages = {X, 151}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Ziel, dem Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik entsprechende uni- und bidirektional gekoppelte Berechnungsmethoden unter Verwendung einer partitionierten Kopplung kommerzieller FE- und CFD-Programme am Lehrstuhl Strukturmechanik und Fahrzeugschwingungen der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t Cottbus zu etablieren. Dazu erfolgt bez{\"u}glich der Kopplungsverfahren eine {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Funktionalit{\"a}t am akademischen Beispiel einer querangestr{\"o}mten, elastischen Platte. Vor dem Hintergrund der intensiven Forschung des Lehrstuhls auf dem Gebiet der Strukturdynamik integraler Verdichterlaufr{\"a}der (Blisks) schließt sich die Validierung des eingesetzten Str{\"o}mungsl{\"o}sers hinsichtlich einer transsonischen, instation{\"a}ren Verdichterstr{\"o}mung innerhalb schwingender Schaufelgitter an. Letztlich wird das grundlegende aeroelastische Verhalten eines realen Hochdruckverdichterlaufrades anhand eines unverstimmten, zweidimensionalen Modells analysiert. Ein Vergleich der Methoden zur Berechnung aeroelastischer Parameter ist Bestandteil der Untersuchungen. Basierend auf bidirektional gekoppelten Ergebnissen wird abschließend eine Verifizierung von abgeleiteten {\"a}quivalenten aerodynamischen Elementen innerhalb eines mechanischen, unverstimmten Ersatzmodells vorgestellt.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GierschFigaschewskyHoenischetal., author = {Giersch, Thomas and Figaschewsky, Felix and H{\"o}nisch, Peter and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Schrape, Sven}, title = {Numerical Analysis and Validation of the Rotor Blade Vibration Response Induced by High Pressure Compressor Deep Surge}, series = {ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume 7B: Structures and Dynamics D{\"u}sseldorf, Germany, June 16-20, 2014, Paper GT2014-26295}, booktitle = {ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume 7B: Structures and Dynamics D{\"u}sseldorf, Germany, June 16-20, 2014, Paper GT2014-26295}, publisher = {ASME}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-0-7918-4577-6}, doi = {10.1115/GT2014-26295}, pages = {12}, abstract = {The following paper presents a numerical analysis of a deep surge cycle of a 4.5 stage research compressor. The resulting unsteady loads are used to determine the response of two particular rotor blade rows that are then compared to strain gauge data from measurements. Within a deep surge cycle the compressor experiences a rapid change of the flow field from forward to reversed flow. This rapid breakdown is linked to a new mean blade load. Hence, the rapid change in blade loads are able to excite fundamental blade modes similar to an impulse load. The resulting vibration magnitudes might reach critical levels. This paper demonstrates two different approaches to evaluate the unsteady flow during a surge cycle. The first uses a three dimensional, time accurate finite volume solver for viscid compressible flows to calculate the transient surge cycle of the compressor. The compressor itself is represented by a multi-blade-row sector model. The second approach makes use of the same solver and compressor domain to determine steady state characteristics of the HPC in forward, stalled and reversed flow. Based on these characteristics an one dimensional finite volume solver for inviscid compressible flows was developed to determine the transient compressor behavior. The one dimensional solver represents the compressor by source terms that are linked to the previously determined steady state characteristics. Copyright © 2014 by Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd \& Co KG}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MaywaldKuehhornSchrape, author = {Maywald, Thomas and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Schrape, Sven}, title = {Experimental Validation of a Model Update Procedure Focusing on Small Geometric Deviations}, series = {ECCOMAS VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, Crete, Greece, June 5-10, 2016}, booktitle = {ECCOMAS VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, Crete, Greece, June 5-10, 2016}, abstract = {This contribution presents a model update procedure and its experimental validation using the example of a blade integrated disk rotor. This so called blisk is discretized using the finite element method. It is well known that numerical blisk models based on the ideal tuned design show major differences in structural dynamic behavior compared to the real rotor. In this context a modification of the mechanical simulation model should lead to a better accordance of numerical results and the real blisk characteristics. The described model update procedure utilizes data of an optical 3D measurement system. Using this data enables to identify geometric deviations between the ideal design and its real counterpart. Within the update procedure the originally tuned finite element mesh is modified in order to match the measured geometry of the real part. This is done by defining several morph regions. The outer surface nodes of these morph regions change their position along the surface normal vector until they meet the defined deviation constraint. Based on eigenvalue calculations employing free boundary conditions the sensitivity of structural dynamic behavior is shown with respect to small geometric changes. Finally computed eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the updated simulation model are compared with vibration measurement data. A laser Doppler vibrometer is used to detect the vibration responses of the impact excited structure. All experiments are carried out under technical vacuum conditions in order to minimize ambient air damping. In the context of an experimental modal analysis this low damping condition helps to identify more natural frequencies of the investigated structure. This leads to a much more efficient model validation.}, language = {en} } @misc{BackhausMaywaldSchrapeetal., author = {Backhaus, Thomas and Maywald, Thomas and Schrape, Sven and Voigt, Matthias and Mailach, Roland}, title = {A Parametrization Describing Blisk Airfoil Variations Referring to Modal Analysis}, series = {ASME Turbo Expo 2017, GT2017-64243, June 26-30, 2017, Charlotte, NC, USA, Volume 7A}, journal = {ASME Turbo Expo 2017, GT2017-64243, June 26-30, 2017, Charlotte, NC, USA, Volume 7A}, publisher = {ASME}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-0-7918-5092-3}, doi = {10.1115/GT2017-64243}, abstract = {This paper will present a way to capture the geometric blade by blade variations of a milled from solid blisk as well as the manufacturing scatter. Within this idea it is an essential task to digitize the relevant airfoil surface as good as possible to create a valid surface mesh as the base of the upcoming evaluation tasks. Since those huge surface meshes are not easy to handle and are even worse in getting quantified and easy interpretable results, it should be aimed for an easily accessible way of presenting the geometric variation. The presented idea uses a section based airfoil parametrization that is based on an extended NACA-airfoil structure to ensure the capturing of all occurring characteristic geometry variations. This Paper will show how this adapted parametrization method is suitable to outline all the geometric blade by blade variation and even more, refer those airfoil design parameters to modal analysis results such as the natural frequencies of the main mode shapes. This way, the dependencies between the modal and airfoil parameters will be proven.}, language = {en} } @misc{MaywaldBackhausSchrapeetal., author = {Maywald, Thomas and Backhaus, Thomas and Schrape, Sven and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold}, title = {Geometric Model Update of Blisks and its Experimental Validation for a Wide Frequency Range}, series = {ASME Turbo Expo 2017, GT2017-63446, June 26-30, 2017, Charlotte, NC, USA, Volume 7A}, journal = {ASME Turbo Expo 2017, GT2017-63446, June 26-30, 2017, Charlotte, NC, USA, Volume 7A}, publisher = {ASME}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-0-7918-5092-3}, doi = {10.1115/GT2017-63446}, pages = {9}, abstract = {The contribution discusses a model update procedure and its experimental validation in the context of blisk mistuning. Object of investigation is an industrial test blisk of an axial compressor which is milled from solid using a state of the art 5-axis milling machine. First, the blisk geometry is digitized by a blue light fringe projector. Digitization is largely automated using an industrial robot cell in order to guarantee high repeatability of the measurement results. Additionally, frequency mistuning patterns are identified based on vibration measurements. Here, the system excitation is realized by a modal impact hammer. The blade response is detected using a laser scanning vibrometer. Furthermore, all blades except the currently excited one are detuned with additional masses. Applying these masses allows to identify a blade dominated natural frequency for each blade and every mode of interest. Finally, these blade dominated frequencies are summarized to mode specific mistuning patterns. The key part of the contribution presents a model update approach which is focused on small geometric deviations between real engine parts and idealized simulation models. Within this update procedure the nodal coordinates of an initially tuned finite element blisk model were modified in order to match the geometry of the real part measured by blue light fringe projection. All essential pre- and post-processing steps of the mesh morphing procedure are described and illustrated. It could be proven that locally remaining geometric deviations between updated finite element model and the optical measurement results are below 5 μm. For the purpose of validation blade dominated natural frequencies of the updated finite element blisk model are calculated for each sector up to a frequency of 17 kHz. Finally, the numerically predicted mistuning patterns are compared against the experimentally identified counterparts. At this point a very good agreement between experimentally identified and numerically predicted mistuning patterns can be proven across several mode families. Even mistuning patterns of higher modes at about 17 kHz are well predicted by the geometrically mistuned finite element model. Within the last section of the paper, possible uncertainties of the presented model update procedure are analyzed. As a part of the study the digitization of the investigated blisk has been repeated for ten times. These measurement results serve as input for the model update procedure described before. In the context of this investigation ten independent geometrical mistuned simulation models are created and the corresponding mistuning patterns are calculated. Copyright © 2017 by Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd \& Co KG}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FigaschewskyKuehhornBeirowetal., author = {Figaschewsky, Felix and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Beirow, Bernd and Giersch, Thomas and Schrape, Sven}, title = {Analysis of Mistuned Forced Response in an Axial High Pressure Compressor Rig With Focus on Tyler-Sofrin Modes}, series = {ISABE 2017, ISABE-2017-22614, Manchester, September 3.-8., 2017}, booktitle = {ISABE 2017, ISABE-2017-22614, Manchester, September 3.-8., 2017}, publisher = {ISABE}, pages = {21}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BeirowKuehhornFigaschewskyetal., author = {Beirow, Bernd and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Figaschewsky, Felix and H{\"o}nisch, Peter and Giersch, Thomas and Schrape, Sven}, title = {Model Update and Validation of a Mistuned High Pressure Compressor Blisk}, series = {Proceedings of ISABE 2017, ISABE-2017-22568, Manchester, September 3.-8., 2017}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ISABE 2017, ISABE-2017-22568, Manchester, September 3.-8., 2017}, publisher = {ISABE}, pages = {14}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HanschkeKuehhornSchrapeetal., author = {Hanschke, Benjamin and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Schrape, Sven and Giersch, Thomas}, title = {Consequences of Borescope Blending Repairs on Modern HPC Blisk Aeroelasticity}, series = {Proceedings of ISROMAC 2017, Maui, Hawaii, December 16-21, 2017}, booktitle = {Proceedings of ISROMAC 2017, Maui, Hawaii, December 16-21, 2017}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Objective of this paper is to analyse the consequences of borescope blending repairs on the aeroelastic behaviour of a modern HPC blisk. To investigate the blending consequences in terms of aerodynamic damping and forcing changes, an exemplary blending of a rotor blade is modelled. Steady state flow parameters like total pressure ratio, polytropic efficiency and the loss coefficient are compared. Furthermore, aerodynamic damping is computed utilising the AIC approach for both geometries. Results are confirmed by SPF simulations for specific nodal diameters of interest. Finally, an unidirectional forced response analysis for the nominal and the blended rotor is conducted to determine the aerodynamic force exciting the blade motion. Fourier transformation of the forcing signal yields to the frequency content as well as the forcing amplitudes. As a result of the present analysis, the amplification of expected blade vibration amplitude is computed.}, language = {en} } @misc{BeirowKuehhornFigaschewskyetal., author = {Beirow, Bernd and K{\"u}hhorn, Arnold and Figaschewsky, Felix and H{\"o}nisch, Peter and Giersch, Thomas and Schrape, Sven}, title = {Model update and validation of a mistuned high-pressure compressor blisk}, series = {The Aeronautical Journal}, volume = {123}, journal = {The Aeronautical Journal}, number = {1260}, issn = {2059-6464}, doi = {10.1017/aer.2018.149}, pages = {230 -- 247}, abstract = {In order to prepare an advanced 4-stage high-pressure compressor rig test campaign, details regarding both accomplishment and analysis of preliminary experiments are provided in this paper. The superior objective of the research project is to contribute to a reliable but simultaneously less conservative design of future high pressure blade integrated disks (blisk). It is planned to achieve trend-setting advances based on a close combination of both numerical and experimental analyses. The analyses are focused on the second rotor of this research compressor, which is the only one being manufactured as blisk. The comprehensive test program is addressing both surge and forced response analyses e.g. caused by low engine order excitation. Among others the interaction of aeroelastics and blade mistuning is demanding attention in this regard. That is why structural models are needed, allowing for an accurate forced response prediction close to reality. Furthermore, these models are required to support the assessment of blade tip timing (BTT) data gathered in the rig tests and strain gauge (s/g) data as well. To gain the maximum information regarding the correlation between BTT data, s/g-data and pressure gauge data, every blade of the second stage rotor (28 blades) is applied with s/g. However, it is well known that s/g on blades can contribute additional mistuning that had to be considered upon updating structural models. Due to the relevance of mistuning, efforts are made for its accurate experimental determination. Blade-by-blade impact tests according to a patented approach are used for this purpose. From the research point of view, it is most interesting to determine both the effect s/g-instrumentation and assembling the compressor stages on blade frequency mistuning. That is why experimental mistuning tests carried out immediately after manufacturing the blisk are repeated twice, namely, after s/g instrumentation and after assembling. To complete the pre-test program, the pure mechanical damping and modal damping ratios dependent on the ambient pressure are experimentally determined inside a pressure vessel. Subsequently the mistuning data gained before is used for updating subset of nominal system mode (SNM) models. Aerodynamic influence coefficients (AICs) are implemented to take aeroelastic interaction into account for forced response analyses. Within a comparison of different models, it is shown for the fundamental flap mode (1F) that the s/g instrumentation significantly affects the forced response, whereas the impact of assembling the compressor plays a minor role.}, language = {en} }