@misc{BurasHirschSchneideretal., author = {Buras, Allan and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Scharnweber, Tobias and Maaten, Ernst van der and Cruz-Garc{\´i}a, Roberto and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin}, title = {Reduced above-ground growth and wood density but increased wood chemical concentrations of Scots pine on relict charcoal hearths}, series = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {717}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, issn = {1879-1026}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137189}, abstract = {Deciphering the drivers of tree growth is a central aim of dendroecology. In this context, soil conditions may play a crucial role, since they determine the availability of water and nutrients for trees. Yet, effects of systematically differing soil conditions on tree growth render a marginally studied topic. In this context, relict charcoal hearths (RCH) - a widespread legacy of anthropogenic charcoal production - render a valuable 'natural' experiment to study possible effects of artificially altered soil conditions on tree growth. We hypothesize, that the differing physico-chemical properties of RCH result in differing wood properties if compared to trees growing on unmodified soils. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed tree-growth, wood density, and wood elemental concentrations of Scots pine as well as physico-chemical soil properties. We applied a classic control-treatment design to compare RCH with unmodified soils. Our analyses identified significantly lower above-ground wood production but systematically higher wood elemental concentrations in RCH-trees compared to control trees. Since we could not identify treatment-specific growth patterns, we hypothesize the observed lower above-ground productivity of Scots pine to indicate an increased root-shoot ratio to compensate for a potentially lower plant water availability on RCH-sites. The observed higher wood elemental concentrations likely reflect higher soil elemental concentrations of Fe, Ca, K, and Mn in RCH soils. In conclusion, our study highlights diverse effects of RCH on tree growth and wood properties and strengthens the value of dendro-chemistry to use the tree-ring archive as proxy for soil conditions within a dendro-ecological context.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Birkhofer, Klaus and Drohan, Patrick J. and Wilmking, Martin and Kreyling, J{\"u}rgen and Malik, Ireneusz and Wistuba, Małgorzata and Maaten, Ernst van der and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Urich, Tim}, title = {Do small landforms have large effects? A review on the legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {413}, journal = {Geomorphology}, issn = {0169-555X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108332}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are small, anthropogenic landforms resulting from past charcoal burning and reaching significant land coverage in pre-industrial mining areas. We review three coupled legacies linked by RCH development: (i) a landscape-scale geomorphic effect, (ii) a unique soil fingerprint, and (iii) an evolving novel ecosystem. The history and technique of charcoal production are described to clarify legacy effects. Applying a recently presented morpho-genetic catalogue is useful for classified mapping of RCH findings. The RCH numbers and calculated RCH densities per study region vary greatly and impose uncertainties due to insufficient methods causing over- or underestimations. Areas with high RCH densities between 50 and 500 RCH/km2 seem reasonable. Machine learning-based remote sensing techniques are promising approaches with which to better assess the full scale of charcoal burning legacies. RCH soil properties feature dark charcoal-rich technogenic substrate layers classified as Auh horizons according to the World Reference Base with significantly increased C contents. These Auh horizons can also exhibit specific physical and chemical properties, such as relatively low bulk density, high porosity, high plant available water content, low thermal conductivity and differences in cation exchange capacity or nutrient status. However, relevant studies are rare, and thus, the effects may differ by study region. Regarding vegetation, there seem to be four main effects: changes in forest structure, species composition, recruitment pattern and productivity. The number of studies on this issue is, however, also very limited. Even fewer studies have examined the soil fauna in RCHs; thus, the reported effects cannot be used to draw general conclusions. Notably, RCH research has made considerable progress in the last five years, especially in the Light Detection and Ranging-based mapping of these small landforms and identification of RCH-specific soil properties, but ecological legacies are not well understood; thus, more interdisciplinary and integrative studies are needed.}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageRaabSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Fischer, Thomas and Ramezany, Shaghayegh and Ouimet, William and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal-rich Technosols}, series = {European Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {73}, journal = {European Journal of Soil Science}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1111/ejss.13293}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {Charcoal-rich Technosols on century-old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long-term influence of biochar amendment and the post-wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north-western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy-based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75\% and 1862\% increase in TOC and BPCA-derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self-humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA-derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non-pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderRaabRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Sekhri, Simran and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Spatial distribution patterns and soil properties of former field systems in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, pages = {88}, abstract = {Former field systems (FFS) in sloped forest areas are often discernible by a characteristic morphology with flattened slope areas and intermediary ridges formed by tillage erosion and colluvial redeposition. Soils of such lynchet field systems feature modified stratigraphy and properties and constitute a memory of past land use. At the same time, the legacies of past agriculture affect recent forest ecosystems. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) allow to identify lynchets over large areas and open up new opportunities to study the FFS. Within our research on different land use legacy features in forest areas, we study FFS in Northeastern Bavaria (Germany) in a geopedological approach, combining large-scale mapping and spatial analysis with the description and analysis of soil properties for specific sites. Lynchet systems (and other remnants of pre-industrial FFS) in recent forests were mapped from LIDAR DEMs for an area of 2045 km2 (972 km2 forest area). The results show more than 100 km2 of FFS, mostly appearing as lynchet systems. Their spatial distribution patterns differ within the study area, mainly depending on parent material and landform. Soil stratigraphy and properties were studied for FFS and reference positions in six study sites, combining a characterization of principal soil profiles and an assessment of spatial soil property variations. The FFS soils are characterized by truncated profiles over most parts of the flattened slope areas and accumulation of colluvium upslope of lynchet risers. The depth of soil profile truncation and height of lynchet risers differ, mainly related to slope and erodibility of the initial soils. Stratigraphy of the lynchet soils indicates a gradually proceeding formation by tillage erosion. First results of soil property analyses show that carbon and nitrogen contents differ between FFS and reference soils and are more homogeneous within the FFS. Furthermore, physical properties of the FFS soils (bulk density, pore size distribution, hydraulic conductivity) are modified compared to unaffected forest soils through profile truncation and accumulation of colluvium. Overall, the results show that the legacy effects of past agriculture affect large fractions of recent forest areas, and can be of different quality depending on lithology of the soils' parent material and land use history.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabDrohanRaabetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {A novel view in geopedology : how small landforms from past land use affect the pedosphere}, series = {Centennial Celebration and Congress of the International Union of Soil Sciences}, journal = {Centennial Celebration and Congress of the International Union of Soil Sciences}, publisher = {Florenz}, pages = {1}, abstract = {LiDAR-based high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) can now provide a centimetre-accurate image of the Earth's surface. Soil science is still in the early stages of realising how fundamentally this new technology will change our understanding of the formation, properties and functions of the pedosphere and in particular the uppermost part of it, which usually represents A horizons. With the help of high-resolution DEMs, it is possible to identify and classify small topographic features that were previously not considered in soil mapping. Therefore, precise landform analyses will be crucial in assessing variations in soil horizonation and soil stratigraphy and will provide the framework for a new perspective in Geopedology that truly integrates Geomorphology and Pedology from pedon to soil landscapes. In the digital domain, this geopedological approach is growing rapidly by using artificial intelligence (AI) to automatically identify small landforms and visualise the heterogeneity of diverse pedological information. We present the results of the study of different types of relict anthropogenic landforms (RALs) and highlight their characteristics and differences compared to natural, undisturbed soils. The origins of these relict features can vary greatly, as can their distribution, morphology and age. The analysis of high-resolution relief models in Europe and the USA shows that morphological features can be found, particularly in forest that were created in pre-industrial times. Settlement structures (e.g. stone walls, burial sites) or linear relief forms created by soil cultivation (e.g. field terraces, furrow systems) are common. Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCHs), which originate from historic charcoal burning, are usually small circular platforms surrounded by pits or ditches, but can still cover a considerable part of the area. A relatively complex geomorphology can be observed in historic mining areas, which may include different landform types such as mine shafts and spoil heaps, resulting in a very heterogeneous pedological mosaic. To summarise, all studies reveal a high variation of soil properties controlled by small relief structures. Pedology should take this more into account in the future and improve knowledge of the impact of RALs on the pedosphere and other components of ecosystems.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderRaabRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Legacies of past land use : mapping anthropogenic landforms in forest areas of eastern Bavaria, Germany}, series = {Geoarchaeology}, volume = {40 (2025)}, journal = {Geoarchaeology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {0883-6353}, doi = {10.1002/gea.22032}, pages = {1 -- 18}, abstract = {Reconstructing (pre-)historic land use distribution is essential for understanding past human societies and their impacts on the environment. Various land use forms result in distinct alterations of surface morphology, which are often well preserved but rarely described within forest areas. The interpretation of LiDAR Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) can greatly enhance our insight into the geoarchaeological records of woodlands. This study examines the legacies of past land use in forested areas of Upper Palatinate, Germany, utilizing LiDAR DEMs to map anthropogenic relief features. We comprehensively mapped land use legacy landforms (LULLs) that occur with considerable frequency in the study area, that is, former agricultural field systems, road remnants, abandoned ponds, relict charcoal hearths, mining legacies, and indicators of anthropogenically induced soil erosion. Results reveal that 17\% of the forested area is affected by LULLs, with the largest areas covered by former field systems, roads, and ponds. Characteristic LULL associations reflect past agricultural and charcoal production landscapes. While erosion indicators often coincide with field systems and roads, natural factors mainly influence their distribution. Comparison with historical maps suggests pre-19th-century abandonment of most LULLs and good preservation of anthropogenic relief modifications. Our results underscore the enduring impact of past land use on present woodland ecosystems and emphasize the importance of considering forest areas in the analysis of past human-landscape interactions.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderRaabRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Anthropogene Kleinreliefformen als Relikte fr{\"u}herer Landnutzung - Großfl{\"a}chige Kartierung aus digitalen Gel{\"a}ndemodellen}, series = {Pangeo / DEUQUA 2024 Abstracts}, journal = {Pangeo / DEUQUA 2024 Abstracts}, pages = {159 -- 159}, abstract = {Die direkten Auswirkungen menschlicher Landnutzung auf B{\"o}den und Sedimente betreffen h{\"a}ufig nur wenige Dezimeter Tiefe unter der Erdoberfl{\"a}che, erstrecken sich horizontal aber sehr weitr{\"a}umig. Indirekte anthropogene Einfl{\"u}sse auf geomorphologische und hydrologische Prozesse als ein Merkmal des Anthropoz{\"a}ns ergeben sich als kumulative Auswirkungen solcher wenig intensiven, aber großfl{\"a}chigen Eingriffe. Viele Landnutzungsformen hinterlassen charakteristische anthropogene Reliefver{\"a}nderungen und Kleinreliefformen, die in hochaufl{\"o}senden digitalen Gel{\"a}ndemodellen (DEMs) abgebildet sind. Die Auswertung von DEMs erm{\"o}glicht es damit, anthropogene Kleinreliefformen {\"u}ber große Areale zu erkennen und so (pr{\"a}-)historische Landnutzung zu lokalisieren und hinsichtlich ihrer fl{\"a}chenhaften Verbreitung und Verteilungsmuster zu beschreiben. W{\"a}hrend sich die technischen M{\"o}glichkeiten zur DEM-Auswertung v.a. durch KI-gest{\"u}tzte Methoden rapide weiterentwickeln, bleiben vielfach Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich der zeitlichen Klassifizierung und Repr{\"a}sentativit{\"a}t der erfassten Formen. Wir pr{\"a}sentieren Ergebnisse aus mehreren Fallstudien, in denen anthropogene Kleinreliefformen aus DEMs großfl{\"a}chig kartiert und erg{\"a}nzt durch bodenkundliche und sedimentologische Untersuchung morphogenetisch interpretiert wurden. Diese Studien konzentrieren sich auf Relikte der Holzkohleproduktion, des Bergbaus und der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung in Untersuchungsgebieten in Brandenburg, Nordbayern, Schlesien, Nordwestirland und dem Nordosten der USA. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen durchwegs eine große Verbreitung anthropogener Kleinreliefformen in rezenten Waldgebieten und damit einen erheblichen Einfluss fr{\"u}herer Landnutzung auf aktuelle Bodenlandschaften. W{\"a}hrend Relikte der historischen Holzkohleproduktion nur vereinzelt mit Bodenerosion in Verbindung stehen, zeigt sich f{\"u}r Kleinreliefformen aus Bergbau und Ackerbau h{\"a}ufiger ein Zusammenhang mit anthropogen beeinflusster Morphodynamik. Die Fallstudien zeigen auch Effekte der {\"U}berpr{\"a}gung und eine Tendenz zur Abbildung {\"u}berwiegend j{\"u}ngerer Landnutzungsrelikte in DEMs und unterstreichen damit, dass f{\"u}r ein Verst{\"a}ndnis von Mensch-Umwelt Interaktionen die DEM-gest{\"u}tzte Rekonstruktion der vergangenen Landnutzung mit Auswertung weiterer Geoarchive kombiniert werden muss.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderRaabRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Sekhri, Simran and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Spatial distribution patterns and soil properties of lynchet systems in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24-28 Apr 2023}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6090}, pages = {2}, abstract = {Former field systems (FFS) in recent forest areas of Central and Northern Europe are often discernible by their characteristic morphology with slightly flattened slope areas and intermediary ridges formed by tillage and water erosion. Soils of such lynchet systems feature distinctly modified stratigraphy and properties and thereby constitute a memory of past land use. At the same time, the legacies of past agriculture affect recent forest ecosystems. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) allow to identify lynchets over large areas and open up new opportunities to study the spatial distribution patterns and soils of FFS. Within our research on different land use legacy features in forest areas, we study FFS in Northeastern Bavaria (Germany) in a geopedological approach, combining large-scale mapping and spatial analysis with the description and analysis of soil properties for specific sites. Lynchet areas (and other remnants of pre-industrial FFS) in recent forests were mapped from LIDAR DEMs for an area of 2045 km2 (972 km2 forest area). The mapping results show more than 100 km2 of abandoned field systems within the study area, mostly appearing as lynchet systems. Their spatial distribution patterns differ within the study area, mainly depending on parent material and landform. In the limestone region of the Franconian Jura, FFS occur spatially dispersed, often as considerably small, irregularly shaped parcels, presumably reflecting proceeding abandonment of less productive and accessible fields with intensification of agriculture. In contrast, FFS in the Bohemian Massif in the eastern part of our study area were often found in compounds of many regularly shaped parcels, frequently associated with deserted settlement areas. Soil stratigraphy and properties were studied for FFS and reference positions (forest areas with no indications of former agricultural use) in six study sites, combining detailed characterization of principal soil profiles and an assessment of spatial variations of soil properties in a near-surface sampling approach. First results show that FFS soils are characterized by truncated profiles over most parts of the treads and accumulation of colluvium confined to relatively small areas upslope of lynchet risers. The depth of soil profile truncation and height of lynchet risers differ, mainly related to slope and erodibility of the initial soils. Stratigraphy of the lynchet soils indicates a gradually proceeding formation. Carbon and nitrogen contents were found to differ between FFS and reference soils and to be more homogeneous within the FFS. Carbon contents were mainly lower in the FFS, while both lower and higher nitrogen contents were observed for FFS soils, presumably related to different duration and intensity of agricultural use. Overall, the results show that the legacy effects of past agriculture affect large fractions of recent forest areas, and can be of different quality depending on lithology of the soils' parent material and land use history.}, language = {en} } @misc{HuberDreberHuberetal., author = {Huber, Christoph and Dreber, Anna and Huber, J{\"u}rgen and Johannesson, Magnus and Kirchler, Michael and Weitzel, Utz and Abell{\´a}n, Miguel and Adayeva, Xeniya and Ay, Fehime Ceren and Barron, Kai and Berry, Zachariah and B{\"o}nte, Werner and Br{\"u}tt, Katharina and Bulutay, Muhammed and Campos-Mercade, Pol and Cardella, Eric and Claassen, Maria Almudena and Cornelissen, Gert and Dawson, Ian G. J. and Delnoij, Joyce and Demiral, Elif E. and Dimant, Eugen and Doerflinger, Johannes Theodor and Dold, Malte and Emery, C{\´e}cile and Fiala, Lenka and Fiedler, Susann and Freddi, Eleonora and Fries, Tilman and Gasiorowska, Agata and Glogowsky, Ulrich and Gorny, Paul Matthias and Gretton, Jeremy David and Grohmann, Antonia and Hafenbr{\"a}dl, Sebastian and Handgraaf, Michel and Hanoch, Yaniv and Hart, Einav and Hennig, Max and Hudja, Stanton and H{\"u}tter, Mandy and Hyndman, Kyle and Ioannidis, Konstantinos and Isler, Ozan and Jeworrek, Sabrina and Jolles, Daniel and Juanchich, Marie and Raghabendra, Pratap K.C. and Khadjavi, Menusch and Kugler, Tamar and Li, Shuwen and Lucas, Brian and Mak, Vincent and Mechtel, Mario and Merkle, Christoph and Meyers, Ethan Andrew and Mollerstrom, Johanna and Nesterov, Alexander and Neyse, Levent and Nieken, Petra and Nussberger, Anne-Marie and Palumbo, Helena and Peters, Kim and Pirrone, Angelo and Qin, Xiangdong and Rahal, Rima Maria and Rau, Holger and Rincke, Johannes and Ronzani, Piero and Roth, Yefim and Saral, Ali Seyhun and Schmitz, Jan and Schneider, Florian and Schram, Arthur and Schudy, Simeon and Schweitzer, Maurice E. and Schwieren, Christiane and Scopelliti, Irene and Sirota, Miroslav and Sonnemans, Joep and Soraperra, Ivan and Spantig, Lisa and Steimanis, Ivo and Steinmetz, Janina and Suetens, Sigrid and Theodoropoulou, Andriana and Urbig, Diemo and Vorlaufer, Tobias and Waibel, Joschka and Woods, Daniel and Yakobi, Ofir and Yilmaz, Onurcan and Zaleskiewicz, Tomasz and Zeisberger, Stefan and Holzmeister, Felix}, title = {Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs}, series = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, volume = {120}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences}, number = {23}, issn = {0027-8424}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2215572120}, abstract = {Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity—variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity—estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs—indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneiderMaatenTheunissenetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Maaten, Ernst van der and R{\"a}biger, Christin and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil properties and tree growth at medieval ridge and furrow sites in Brandenburg, northeastern Germany}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {186}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {4}, issn = {1436-8730}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.202200345}, pages = {417 -- 427}, abstract = {Background Ridge and furrow (RIFU) systems and associated soils are a widespread legacy of medieval agriculture, are archives of historical land use, and might affect recent ecosystems. Open questions about RIFU formation and potential legacy effects still exist, especially related to physical soil properties. Aims Our aims were (1) to characterize the soil properties of RIFU soils and (2) to compare the drought sensitivity and the growth resistance in extremely dry years of trees growing on ridges and furrows, respectively. Methods We studied soil physical (bulk density, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, and texture) and chemical (soil pH, soil organic matter, and nitrogen content) properties and the climate sensitivity of tree growth on RIFU systems for three study sites in Prignitz, Germany. Results RIFU systems showed a high spatial heterogeneity of soil stratigraphy due to ridge construction and increased accumulation of soil moisture and organic matter in furrows due to post-abandonment pedogenesis. Slight spatial differences in soil physical properties were found, with increased air capacity in ridge soils and higher available water contents in furrow soils. No differences in drought sensitivity were observed for trees growing on ridges and furrows, except for a wet site, where trees in furrows showed a higher sensitivity. Resistance in dry years tended to be similar or increase from furrows to ridges. Conclusions The results reflect a spatial differentiation of stratigraphy and post-abandonment pedogenesis on abandoned RIFU systems and suggest an adaption to different moisture conditions through RIFU construction. Differences in drought sensitivity of tree growth with relative land surface could only be detected for one of the three sites, where trees were found to be less drought sensitive on ridges.}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageRaabSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William and V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg and Ramezany, Shaghayegh}, title = {From site to state - Quantifying multi-scale legacy effects of historic landforms from charcoal production on soils in Connecticut, USA}, series = {Catena}, volume = {232}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2023.107426}, language = {en} } @misc{VerschoofvanderVaartBonhageSchneideretal., author = {Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Ouimet, William and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Automated large-scale mapping and analysis of relict charcoal hearths in Connecticut (USA) using a Deep Learning YOLOv4 framework}, series = {Archaeological Prospection}, volume = {30}, journal = {Archaeological Prospection}, number = {3}, issn = {1099-0763}, doi = {10.1002/arp.1889}, pages = {251 -- 266}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabBonhageSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter and Malik, Ireneusz and Chauhan, Jai Singh and Thekkethala, Jeenus Joby}, title = {Soil distribution and properties on mining relicts in Upper Silesia, Poland - first results from the Mala Panew River catchment and the UNESCO heritage site Tarnowskie G{\´o}ry}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna}, title = {Relict Charcoal Hearth (RCH) soils - properties and classification}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Einladung und Programm Halle (Saale), 2.-8. September 2023}, pages = {88}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Drohan, Patrick J. and Wistuba, Małgorzata and Malik, Ireneusz and Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter}, title = {Small anthropogenic landforms from past land use - what have we (already) learned and what do we (still) want to know}, series = {DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.-06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen}, journal = {DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.-06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen}, pages = {S. 61}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Geomorphology of the Schwarze Elster Valley (Southwest Brandenburg, Germany) at the Bronze Age barrow cemetery Schweinert - Findings from the 2023 research campaign}, series = {DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.-06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen}, journal = {DGGM Meeting 2023 Conference proceedings 04.-06.10.2023, RWTH Aachen}, pages = {S. 60}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageRaabDrohanetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Drohan, Patrick and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {An initial geopedological survey and description of historic raised beds in north-western Ireland}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {481}, journal = {Geomorphology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, issn = {1872-695X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109778}, pages = {1 -- 12}, abstract = {Raised Bed (RB) field structures in northwestern Ireland are historical relics of widespread agriculture before and during the Great Famine in the mid-19th century. Their primary purpose was to improve drainage on shallow, waterlogged soils for cultivation of crops. Today, the undulating surface morphology created by the ridges and furrows remains visible in many locations, raising questions about how many of these historic fields actually still exist, whether they are mappable, and if their soils have undergone persistent anthropogenic changes. In this study, we analyse three different RB sites located in varying topographical positions and on different parent materials. High-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are created using UAV-based photogrammetry to analyse the surface morphology and model surface flow accumulation and wetness. Soils are analysed using trenches and surface samples taken from ridges and furrows. Our results indicate that satellite or aerial imagery alone is insufficient for reliably detecting RB sites, as the height difference between ridges and furrows is too subtle. Ridge spacing and furrow depth are best observed using high-resolution DEMs (<50 cm cell size). The modelled surface hydrology suggests that the drainage function of RB sites remains, with furrows retaining more moisture than ridges. This can have significant implications for microhabitat structures within RB fields, potentially influencing faunal species composition and abundance. Furthermore, we find significant differences in specific elemental concentrations between soils on ridges and soils on furrows, as well as differences in grain size distributions. These findings indicate a wide range of potential legacy effects present in RB fields that merit further investigation.}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageRaabRaabetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Malik, Ireneusz and Wistuba, Malgorzata and Verschoof-van der Vaart, Wouter}, title = {Land use legacy landforms at the UNESCO Heritage Site Tarnowskie G{\´o}ry, Upper Silesia, Poland : stratigraphy, soils and age}, series = {Geoarchaeology}, volume = {40}, journal = {Geoarchaeology}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1520-6548}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.22028}, pages = {1 -- 8}, abstract = {Metallurgy in Upper Silesia (Poland) has a long tradition of international significance, which was emphasized in 2017 when the historic silver mine in Tarnowskie G{\´o}ry was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The area consists of various anthropogenic landforms, the stratigraphy of which has hardly been studied so far. In this study, we describe five main morphological units: Unit I (RCH) and Unit II (RCH pit), resulting from charcoal production; Unit III (shaft) and Unit IV (shaft heap), resulting from mining; and Unit V (reference forest soil). The first four units are a variation of a Technosol with inherently different properties from the reference forest soil. Unit I exhibits typical properties of a relict charcoal hearth (RCH), whereas Unit II resembles a pit. Unit III consists of a mostly infilled mining shaft remain (MSR), characterized by relocated subsoil. Unit IV consists of material from the adjacent Unit III that has been dumped directly aside. The studied RCH was used no earlier than during the second half of the 17th century, probably between 1725 and 1813. The studied MSR was used most likely between the 3rd and 5th centuries, which is much older than described so far. Together, the units reflect the characteristic heterogeneity of soils in shaft mining and RCH areas.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderTaklaRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Towards an inventory of historic charcoal production fields in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderGerkeMaureretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Gerke, Horst H. and Maurer, Thomas and Seifert, Stefan and Nenov, Rossen and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Evaluation of remotely-sensed DEMs and modification based on plausibility rules and initial sediment budgets of an artificially-created catchment}, series = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, volume = {37}, journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms}, number = {7}, issn = {1096-9837}, pages = {708 -- 725}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabKruemmelbeinSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Schneider, Anna and Gerwin, Werner and Maurer, Thomas and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Initial Ecosystem Processes as Key Factors of Landscape Development - A Review}, series = {Physical Geography}, volume = {33}, journal = {Physical Geography}, number = {4}, issn = {1930-0557}, pages = {305 -- 343}, language = {en} }