@inproceedings{RohrbeckFischerWehneretal., author = {Rohrbeck, Magdalena and Fischer, Christian B. and Wehner, Stefan and Richter, Matthias and Schmeißer, Dieter}, title = {Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings on Industrial Polyethylene Surfaces}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Reihe 6, Bd. 47}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Reihe 6, Bd. 47}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft}, address = {Bad Honnef}, issn = {0420-0195}, abstract = {Synthetic materials are used in a wide variety of fields. Depending on the intended application the plastic material must meet specific requirements. Since the material always interacts with its environment, particular attention is required regarding the surface. Possible damage of the plastic material and further risks could be caused by the adhesion of bacteria, biofilm formation and encrustations. Therefore, bacteria-repellent coatings and surface-modified materials that allow for an effective removal of adhered bacteria are of extremely high interest for many applications. In this study Polyethylene (PE) is chosen as simplest model for relevant plastic materials. Surface modification of PE samples is accomplished by plasma-deposited diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings to achieve increased abrasion strength and bacterial resistance. Two types of nanometer-scaled DLC films with different layer thicknesses are compared by multiscale microscopic analysis. Further spectroscopic measurements with synchrotron radiation are performed. These results will provide an enhanced understanding of layer formation at the interface between the basic plastic material and the DLC coating and will possibly lead to optimal parameters for the surface coating to achieve improved product characteristics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RichterLindemannRoemeretal., author = {Richter, Christian and Lindemann, Jens and R{\"o}mer, Ronald and Wolff, Matthias}, title = {Das Labor f{\"u}r kognitive Systeme an der BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg}, series = {Tagungsband, 26. Konferenz Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung, 25.-27.03.2015, Eichst{\"a}tt}, booktitle = {Tagungsband, 26. Konferenz Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung, 25.-27.03.2015, Eichst{\"a}tt}, editor = {Wirsching, G{\"u}nther}, publisher = {TUDpress}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-95908-000-2}, pages = {240 -- 247}, language = {de} } @misc{SchmeisserHaeberleRichteretal., author = {Schmeißer, Dieter and Haeberle, J{\"o}rg and Richter, Matthias and Brazda, Petr}, title = {Spin State and Satellite Structures of ε-Fe₂O₃ as determined by Resonant Photoelectron Spectroscopy}, series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B}, volume = {2015}, journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B}, number = {364}, issn = {0168-583X}, doi = {10.1016/j.nimb.2015.08.062}, pages = {127 -- 131}, abstract = {We use resonant photoelectron spectroscopy at the Fe2p and the O1s absorption edges to report on spectroscopic investigation of Fe-oxides nanoparticles. We discuss the spectroscopic details like multiple Auger decays, satellite emission in the X-ray absorption process and the core level data. We explain these data by a novel mechanism in which the resonant excitation between Fe3d and Fe4s states are involved. This mechanism is observed when the photo-excited electron becomes polarized by the electron-hole pairs existing in the conduction and valence bands.}, language = {en} } @misc{DasRichterTallaridaetal., author = {Das, Chittaranjan and Richter, Matthias and Tallarida, Massimo and Schmeißer, Dieter}, title = {Electronic properties of atomic layer deposited films, anatase and rutile TiO2 studied by resonant photoemission spectroscopy}, series = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics}, volume = {49}, journal = {Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics}, number = {27}, issn = {0022-3727}, doi = {10.1088/0022-3727/49/27/275304}, pages = {275304-1 -- 275304-17}, abstract = {The TiO2 films are prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) method using titanium isopropoxide precursors at 250 °C and analyzed using resonant photoemission spectroscopy (resPES). We report on the Ti2p and O1s core levels, on the valence band (VB) spectra and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data, and on the resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (resPES) profiles at the O1s and the Ti3p absorption edges. We determine the elemental abundance, the position of the VB maxima, the partial density of states (PDOS) in the VB and in the conduction band (CB) and collect these data in a band scheme. In addition, we analyze the band-gap states as well as the intrinsic states due to polarons and charge-transfer excitations. These states are found to cause multiple Auger decay processes upon resonant excitation. We identify several of these processes and determine their relative contribution to the Auger signal quantitatively. As our resPES data allow a quantitative analysis of these defect states, we determine the relative abundance of the PDOS in the VB and in CB and also the charge neutrality level. The anatase and rutile polymorphs of TiO2 are analyzed in the same way as the TiO2 ALD layer. The electronic properties of the TiO2ALD layer are compared with the anatase and rutile polymorphs of TiO2. In our comparative study, we find that ALD has its own characteristic electronic structure that is distinct from that of anatase and rutile. However, many details of the electronic structure are comparable and we benefit from our spectroscopic data and our careful analysis to find these differences. These can be attributed to a stronger hybridization of the O2p and Ti3d4s states for the ALD films when compared to the anatase and rutile polymorphs.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RichterLichtermanHuetal., author = {Richter, Matthias and Lichterman, Michael F. and Hu, Shu and Crumlin, Ethan J. and Axnanda, Stephanus and Favaro, Marco and Drisdell, Walter S. and Hussain, Zahid and Brunschwig, Bruce S. and Liu, Zhi and Lewis, Nathan S. and Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Experimental Approach for Determining Semiconductor/liquid Junction Energetics by Operando Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft}, address = {Bad Honnef}, pages = {S. 409}, abstract = {The performance of a photoelectrochemical solar cell depends strongly on the electrochemical nature of the semiconductor/electrolyte junction [1]. Operando Ambient Pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of semiconductor/liquid junctions provides quantitative understanding of the energy bands in these photoelectrochemical solar cells [2, 3, 4]. We demonstrate how OAP-XPS may be used to determine these relationships for semiconductor/liquid systems. The data can be analyzed to determine the energy relationship between the electronic energy bands in the semiconductor electrode and the redox levels in the solution. The major conditions for semiconductor-electrolyte contacts including accumulation, depletion, and Fermi-level pinning are observed, and the so-called flat-band energy can be determined. [1] Science 344 (2014) 1005; [2] Sci Rep 5 (2015) 9788; [3] Ener Sci 8 (2015) 2409; [4] J Electrochem Soc 162 (2016) H1}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LichtermanRichterHuetal., author = {Lichterman, Michael F. and Richter, Matthias and Hu, Shu and Crumlin, Ethan J. and Axnanda, Stephanus and Favaro, Marco and Drisdell, Walter S. and Hussain, Zahid and Brunschwig, Bruce S. and Liu, Zhi and Lewis, Nathan S. and Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Probing the TiO2/Liquid Interface of a Photoelectrochemical Cell by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft}, address = {Bad Honnef}, pages = {S. 414}, abstract = {Amorphous TiO2 coatings can stabilize semiconductor photoanodes such as Si, GaAs, and GaP that are otherwise unstable in aqueous media [1]. Using tender X-rays with their substantially increased inelastic mean free scattering length of photoelectrons and using the classical three-electrode potentiostatic arrangement allows one to follow of the influence of the applied potentials on the semiconductor electrode energetics such as band bending and band edge shifts directly [2, 3]. The observed shifts in binding energy with respect to the applied potential have directly revealed rectifying junction behavior on semiconducting samples. Accumulation, depletion and Fermi level pinning were observed. Additionally, the non-linear response of the core level binding energies to changes in the applied electrode potential has revealed the influence of defect-derived electronic states on the Galvani potential across the complete cell. [1] Science 344 (2014) 1005; [2] Sci Rep 5 (2015) 9788; [3] Ener \& Env Sci 8 (2015) 2409}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HaeberleRichterSchmeisseretal., author = {Haeberle, J{\"o}rg and Richter, Matthias and Schmeißer, Dieter and Galazka, Zbigniew and Janowitz, Christoph}, title = {Resonant Photoemission at the O1s threshold to characterize In2O3 single crystals}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft}, address = {Bad Honnef}, abstract = {We report on spectroscopic investigations on In2O3 single crystals. We focus on the detailed analysis of the O1s resonance profile by resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (resPES). From these we analyze the electronic structure and assign the O2p- and In5sp state to build the valence band and the conduction band in different contributions, respectively. This is deduced from constant final state spectra on the O-KLL-Auger along the O K-edge and In M4,5-edge and a comparison to the corresponding X-ray absorption spectroscopy data. We also identify several types of defects. A broad band of oxygen derived defects is identified in the valence band and extends throughout the gap. Small polarons are attributed to cause an anti-resonance in the constant initial states around the O1s threshold. In addition, an Auger decay separated by the O-KLL is present at O-K resonance and indicates the existence of localized charge transfer states which involves In5sp states. Finally, we are able to distinguish two different oxygen species from the resPES data. One corresponds to theintrinsic In2O3 structure and the other is a non-corresponding species.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RichterSchmeisser, author = {Richter, Matthias and Schmeißer, Dieter}, title = {The Co2p spin and oxidation state in Co-PI catalysts}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft}, address = {Bad Honnef}, abstract = {The electronic structure of cobalt based catalysts used for photocatalytic water splitting in solar cells is analyzed using synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalyst films are prepared by electrochemical deposition. We employ a X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study to analyze the Co2p and O1s core levels, absorption edges and valence bands. We discuss our resonant data in terms of the partial density of states of the valence and conduction band. We find a difference in the Co oxidation state as a function of film thickness (deposited charge). From the relative amount of Co, O, K and P we favor the molecular cobaltate cluster-like structure as the structural motif of the Co-PI catalyst. Further, at resonant PES at the Co2p edge we find the Co2p partial DOS to exhibit no sharp features next to the VBM, instead there is a broad emission at around 6eV below EFerrmi. The former are found in LiCoO2 and other Co-oxide systems with a Co3+ ground state. We attribute such sharp features to the low spin (LS) configuration of Co3+ and deduce that in the Co catalysts there is no evidence for the corresponding LS contributions. Our data prove the Co2+ ground state and demonstrate that it is exclusively in the Co3d7 high spin state in the pristine catalyst films.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RichterLichtermanHuetal., author = {Richter, Matthias and Lichterman, Michael F. and Hu, Shu and Crumlin, Ethan J. and Axnanda, Stephanus and Favaro, Marco and Drisdell, Walter S. and Hussain, Zahid and Brunschwig, Bruce S. and Liu, Zhi and Lewis, Nathan S. and Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim}, title = {An Electrochemical, resonant Photoemission and Ambient Pressure-X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Investigation of Si/TiO2/Ni/Electrolyte Interfaces}, series = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, booktitle = {Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft}, publisher = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft}, address = {Bad Honnef}, pages = {S. 414}, abstract = {Photoelectrochemical cells based on semiconductor-liquid interfaces provide a method of converting solar energy to electricity or fuels. Recently, we have demonstrated operational systems that involved stabilized semiconductor-liquid junctions [1]. The electrical and spectroscopic properties of the TiO2/Ni protection layer system have been investigated in contact with electrolyte solutions [2, 3, 4]. From the response of the photoelectron binding energies to variations in applied potential the energetics of the solid/electrolyte interface are elucidated. The degree of conductivity depended on the chemical state of the Ni on the TiO2 surface. The combinations of these techniques provide a powerful tool for the investigation of hybrid electrode/solution contacts. [1] Science 344 (2014) 1005; [2] Sci Rep 5 (2015) 9788; [3] Ener \& Env Sci 8 (2015) 2409; [4] J Electrochem Soc 162 (2016) H1}, language = {en} } @incollection{BilzSudeckBuckschetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Sudeck, Gorden and Bucksch, Jens and Klocke, Andreas and Kolip, Petra and Melzer, Wolfgang and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Der vierte deutsche Jugendgesundheitssurvey „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children"}, series = {Schule und Gesundheit : Ergebnisse des WHO-Jugendgesundheitssurveys "Health behaviour in school-aged children"}, booktitle = {Schule und Gesundheit : Ergebnisse des WHO-Jugendgesundheitssurveys "Health behaviour in school-aged children"}, editor = {Bilz, Ludwig and Sudeck, Gorden and Bucksch, Jens and Klocke, Andreas and Kolip, Petra and Melzer, Wolfgang and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Richter, Matthias}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-1991-9}, pages = {7 -- 15}, language = {de} } @incollection{BuckschFinneGohresetal., author = {Bucksch, Jens and Finne, Emily and Gohres, Hannah and Bilz, Ludwig and Moor, Irene and Richter, Matthias and Kolip, Petra}, title = {Die Methodik des HBSC-Surveys 2013/14}, series = {Schule und Gesundheit : Ergebnisse des WHO-Jugendgesundheitssurveys "Health behaviour in school-aged children"}, booktitle = {Schule und Gesundheit : Ergebnisse des WHO-Jugendgesundheitssurveys "Health behaviour in school-aged children"}, editor = {Bilz, Ludwig and Sudeck, Gorden and Bucksch, Jens and Klocke, Andreas and Kolip, Petra and Melzer, Wolfgang and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Richter, Matthias}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-1991-9}, pages = {35 -- 46}, language = {de} } @misc{MoorSpallekRichter, author = {Moor, Irene and Spallek, Jacob and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Explaining socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health - A systematic review of the relative contribution of material, psychological and behavioural factors}, series = {Journal of Epidemiology \& Community Health}, volume = {71}, journal = {Journal of Epidemiology \& Community Health}, number = {6}, issn = {1470-2738}, doi = {10.1136/jech-2016-207589}, language = {en} } @misc{MoorLampertRathmannetal., author = {Moor, Irene and Lampert, Thomas and Rathmann, Katharina and Kuntz, Benjamin and Kolip, Petra and Spallek, Jacob and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Explaining educational inequalities in adolescent life satisfaction: Do health behaviour and gender matter}, series = {International Journal of Public Health}, volume = {59}, journal = {International Journal of Public Health}, number = {2}, issn = {1661-8564}, pages = {309 -- 317}, language = {en} } @misc{MoorRathmannStronksetal., author = {Moor, Irene and Rathmann, Katharina and Stronks, Karien and Levin, Kate and Spallek, Jacob and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Psychosocial and behavioural factors in the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health. A multilevel analysis in 28 European and North American countries}, series = {Journal of epidemiology and community health}, volume = {68}, journal = {Journal of epidemiology and community health}, number = {10}, issn = {1470-2738}, doi = {10.1136/jech-2014-203933}, pages = {912 -- 921}, language = {en} } @misc{LampertRichterSchreiberetal., author = {Lampert, Thomas and Richter, Matthias and Schreiber, Sven and Spallek, Jacob and Dragano, Nico}, title = {Soziale Ungleichheit und Gesundheit. Stand und Perspektiven der sozialepidemiologischen Forschung in Deutschland}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {59}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, number = {2}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-015-2275-6}, pages = {153 -- 165}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TschoepeDuckhornBluethgenetal., author = {Tsch{\"o}pe, Constanze and Duckhorn, Frank and Bl{\"u}thgen, Peter and Richter, Christian and Papsdorf, Gunther and Wolff, Matthias}, title = {Miniaturisiertes System zur intelligenten Signalverarbeitung}, series = {DGZFP-Jahrestagung 2017, Zerst{\"o}rungsfreie Materialpr{\"u}fung, Koblenz, 22.-24.05.2017, Kurzfassungen der Vortr{\"a}ge und Posterbeitr{\"a}ge}, booktitle = {DGZFP-Jahrestagung 2017, Zerst{\"o}rungsfreie Materialpr{\"u}fung, Koblenz, 22.-24.05.2017, Kurzfassungen der Vortr{\"a}ge und Posterbeitr{\"a}ge}, publisher = {DGZIP}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {S. 192}, language = {de} } @incollection{HenkelKotRichteretal., author = {Henkel, Karsten and Kot, Małgorzata and Richter, Matthias and Tallarida, Massimo and Schmeißer, Dieter}, title = {An (In Situ)² Approach: ALD and resPES Applied to Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and TiO₂ Ultrathin Films}, series = {Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Vol. 3.1}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Vol. 3.1}, editor = {Wandelt, Klaus}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-12-809739-7}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.13852-1}, pages = {18 -- 26}, abstract = {Oxide surface coatings are of importance in tailoring interface properties with respect to surface passivation, adjustment of surface potentials, or providing active centers for surface reactions. In this contribution, we report about surface coatings prepared by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. ALD is known for its conformal growth of ultrathin, dense films which exhibit a low concentration of pinholes.}, language = {en} } @misc{BrinkertRichterAkayetal., author = {Brinkert, Katharina and Richter, Matthias and Akay, {\"O}mer and Liedtke, Janine and Giersig, Michael and Fountaine, Katherine T. and Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Efficient Solar Hydrogen Generation in Microgravity Environment}, series = {Nature Communications}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {9}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-04844-y}, abstract = {Long-term space missions require extra-terrestrial production of storable, renewable energy. Hydrogen is ascribed a crucial role for transportation, electrical power and oxygen generation. We demonstrate in a series of drop tower experiments that efficient direct hydrogen production can be realized photoelectrochemically in microgravity environment, providing an alternative route to existing life support technologies for space travel. The photoelectrochemical cell consists of an integrated catalyst-functionalized semiconductor system that generates hydrogen with current densities >15 mA/cm2 in the absence of buoyancy. Conditions are described adverting the resulting formation of ion transport blocking froth layers on the photoelectrodes. The current limiting factors were overcome by controlling the micro- and nanotopography of the Rh electrocatalyst using shadow nanosphere lithography. The behaviour of the applied system in terrestrial and microgravity environment is simulated using a kinetic transport model. Differences observed for varied catalyst topography are elucidated, enabling future photoelectrode designs for use in reduced gravity environments.}, language = {en} } @misc{RathmannBilzHurrelmannetal., author = {Rathmann, Katharina and Bilz, Ludwig and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Kiess, Wieland and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Is being a "small fish in a big pond" bad for students´ psychosomatic health? A multilevel study on the role of class-level school performance}, series = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {18}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-018-5977-5}, pages = {13}, abstract = {Background. Features of schools and classes are closely related to students´ health and wellbeing. However, class composition (e.g. in terms of school performance) has rarely been examined in relation to students´ health and wellbeing. This study focuses on the so called Big-Fish-Little-Pond-Effect (BFLPE), by investigating whether the level of high-performing students in classroom is negatively associated with psychosomatic complaints of students who perceive themselves as poor performers. Methods. Data were derived from the German sample of the WHO-Collaborative "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)" study 2013/2014. The sample included 5226 11-, 13- and 15-year-old students. Individual perceived school performance (PSP) was included (very good/good vs. average/below average PSP) at the individual student-level. At the class-level, school performance in class was generated by aggregating the share (in percentage) of students who report a very good/good PSP to the class-level, indicating the percentage of students with good/very good PSP in classroom. Using multilevel regression models, the association between class-level school performance (in percentage of students with very good/good PSP) and individual psychosomatic complaints were analyzed, stratified by students´ individual PSP. Results. Students who report average/below average PSP showed higher likelihoods of psychosomatic complaints (Odds Ratio: 1.75; 95\% Confidence Interval: 1.52-2.03) compared to counterparts with very good/good PSP. The aggregated class-level PSP was not significantly associated with psychosomatic complaints. However, in line with the BFLPE, results further revealed that students with average/below average PSP, who attend classes with a higher percentage of students who report very good/good PSP, had higher likelihoods of psychosomatic complaints (Odds Ratio: 1.91; 95\% Confidence Interval: 1.01-4.01) compared to classmates with very good/good PSP. Conclusions. This study revealed that class composition in terms of PSP was differentially associated with students´ psychosomatic complaints, depending on their individual PSP. Findings highlight the vulnerability of students with poor PSP placed in classes with a higher percentage of students with good PSP. Results of this study therefore indicate a need for initiatives for low performing students from teachers and school staff in class.}, language = {en} } @misc{BrinkertRichterAkayetal., author = {Brinkert, Katharina and Richter, Matthias and Akay, {\"O}mer and Giersig, Michael and Fountaine, Katherine T. and Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Advancing semiconductor-electrocatalyst systems: application of surface transformation films and nanosphere lithography}, series = {Faraday Discussions}, volume = {208}, journal = {Faraday Discussions}, issn = {1359-6640}, doi = {10.1039/C8FD00003D}, pages = {523 -- 535}, abstract = {Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells offer the possibility of carbon-neutral solar fuel production through artificial photosynthesis. The pursued design involves technologically advanced III-V semiconductor absorbers coupled via an interfacial film to an electrocatalyst layer. These systems have been prepared by in situ surface transformations in electrochemical environments. High activity nanostructured electrocatalysts are required for an efficiently operating cell, optimized in their optical and electrical properties. We demonstrate that shadow nanosphere lithography (SNL) is an auspicious tool to systematically create three-dimensional electrocatalyst nanostructures on the semiconductor photoelectrode through controlling their morphology and optical properties. First results are demonstrated by means of the photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen on p-type InP photocathodes where hitherto applied photoelectrodeposition and SNL-deposited Rh electrocatalysts are compared based on their J-V and spectroscopic behavior. We show that smaller polystyrene particle masks achieve higher defect nanostructures of rhodium on the photoelectrode which leads to a higher catalytic activity and larger short circuit currents. Structural analyses including HRSEM and the analysis of the photoelectrode surface composition by using photoelectron spectroscopy support and complement the photoelectrochemical observations. The optical performance is further compared to theoretical models of the nanostructured photoelectrodes on light scattering and propagation.}, language = {en} } @misc{RathmannHerkeBilzetal., author = {Rathmann, Katharina and Herke, Max and Bilz, Ludwig and Rimpel{\"a}, Arja and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Class-level school performance and life satisfaction: Differential sensitivity for low- and high-performing school-aged children}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {15}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {12}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph15122750}, pages = {17}, abstract = {This study investigates whether class-level school performance affects students' life satisfaction and if there are differential effects for high- and low-performing students. Data were derived from the National Educational Panel Study, including n = 5196 students (49.6\% girls), nested in 478 classes and 250 secondary schools. School performance in class was measured by aggregating individual grade point average in Mathematics and German. The study could not reveal the "big-fish-little-pond"-effect regarding students' life satisfaction but found differential effects for high- vs. low performing students. There was no significant association for low-performing students attending classes with higher class-level performance However, low-performing students revealed the lowest life satisfaction. High-performing students placed in classes with higher average performance reported lower life satisfaction compared to high-performing students in classes with lower average performance. This study provides evidence for the impact of the learning environment in class on school-aged children's life satisfaction, by highlighting the differential sensitivity of high-performing students when placed in classes with higher or lower average performance.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchroederHoebelRoicketal., author = {Schr{\"o}der, Sara Lena and Hoebel, Jens and Roick, Julia and Markert, Jenny and Spallek, Jacob and Knesebeck, Olaf von dem and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Inequalities in the utilisation of primary and specialist physicians in Europe - a systematic review}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {29}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {4}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.377}, abstract = {Background: The evidence on inequalities in health clearly shows that people with lower socioeconomic status (SES) have poorer health and higher mortality. Nevertheless, generalized evidence for inequalities in healthcare is lacking. So far, the international literature was only summarised with regard to inequalities in the utilisation of disease-specific treatment. Therefore, our aim was to synthetize the literature on socioeconomic inequalities in the utilisation of primary and specialist physicians in the general population. Methods: This systematic review searched Medline und Web of Science from 2004 to 2018. Articles that reported quantitative data on the association of SES with utilisation of primary or specialist physicians in Europe were included. Title and abstract screening were performed by two independent researchers and 50 full texts are currently sifted whether they fulfil the inclusion criteria. Results: The studies analysed utilisation of physicians in terms of probability or frequency. The initial check of the studies indicates that socioeconomic inequalities in the utilisation of physicians differ between primary and specialist care. Specialist physicians were found to be visited with a higher probability and more often by the least disadvantaged in most studies. Inequalities in the utilisation of primary physicians revealed to be more diverse with a weak pattern of equally distributed probability of GP visits and more frequent utilisation by the disadvantaged. Conclusions: The preliminary results indicate that pro-rich utilisation seems to be more pronounced in visiting specialists compared to primary health care. Aiming to reduce inequalities in healthcare, public health actions might primarily focus on reaching a needs-based consultation of specialist physicians.}, language = {en} }