@inproceedings{DietrichKnoopKruemmelbeinetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Einfluss der Ausbringung von aufbereiteten G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung auf bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften}, series = {DBG Jahrestagung 2015, M{\"u}nchen, 7.-11. September 2015}, booktitle = {DBG Jahrestagung 2015, M{\"u}nchen, 7.-11. September 2015}, pages = {1}, abstract = {In Deutschland fallen j{\"a}hrlich ca. 13 Mio t Bioabfall an. Im Zuge der Novellierung des EEG 2014 erfolgte eine Aufhebung aller Sonderverg{\"u}tungen. Da zuk{\"u}nftig keine erh{\"o}hten, einsatzstoffbezogenen Verg{\"u}tungen (z. B. f{\"u}r Mais, Zuckerr{\"u}ben und Getreide) mehr vorgesehen sind, wird sich der Ausbau der Biomasse auf den Einsatz von Reststoffen (z. B. G{\"u}lle und Abfallstoffe) konzentrieren . Aus diesem Grund ist mit einer verst{\"a}rkten Zunahme von G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus Bioabf{\"a}llen zu rechnen. Im Rahmen des vom BMBF gef{\"o}rderten VeNGA-Projektes Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und N{\"a}hrstoffnutzung der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Abfallverg{\"a}rung, erfolgt die genaue Charakterisierung unterschiedlicher G{\"a}rrestprodukte und Aufbereitungsverfahren hinsichtlich ihrer bodenphysikalischen Wirkung und ihrer Effekte auf Wachstum und Entwicklung von landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen. In dem Projekt werden G{\"a}rprodukte aus zwei Laboranlagen und einer Technikumsanlage mittels vier Verfahren aufbereitet und in Gef{\"a}ßversuchen und einem dreij{\"a}hrigen Feldversuch hinsichtlich ihrer langfristigen boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung untersucht. Die unterschiedliche Aufbereitung der G{\"a}rreste erfolgt nach der Kompostierung aus demselben Material, in Form von Rollpellets, Presspellets, zerfasertem Kompost und einer Referenzvariante aus gesiebtem Kompost. Bei den unter kontrollierten Bedingungen im Gew{\"a}chshaus durchgef{\"u}hrten viermonatigen Gef{\"a}ßversuchen wurden die G{\"a}rprodukte unter Sommerweizen und im Feldversuch unter Hirse, Senf und Gr{\"u}nroggen getestet. Erste Ergebnisse nach dem ersten Versuchsjahr zeigen sowohl f{\"u}r die Gef{\"a}ßversuche als auch im Freilandversuch einen positiven Effekt f{\"u}r die Rollpellets auf den Biomasseertrag im Vergleich zu den anderen Aufbereitungsvarianten. Aufgrund des gleichen Ausgangsmaterials der verschiedenen Varianten deutet der Mehrertrag bei der Applikation der Rollpellets auf eine positive bodenphysikalische Wirkung und verbesserte Porenverh{\"a}ltnissen, die mit einer Steigerung des Wasserhalteverm{\"o}gens einhergeht, hin. Des Weiteren besitzen die Rollpellets im Vergleich zu den anderen getesteten Varianten gute Lager-, Transport- und Applikationseigenschaften. Auch konnte in Rhizotronenversuch gezeigt werden, dass die verschieden G{\"a}rrestprodukte unterschiedliche Einfl{\"u}sse auf das Wurzelwachstum von Sommerweizen besitzen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Aufbereitung von Bioabfall-G{\"a}rresten zur Nutzung als Bodenverbesserer}, series = {Tagungsband, 10. Biogastagung - Anaerobe Biologische Abfallbehandlung, 29.-30. Semtember 2015, Dresden}, booktitle = {Tagungsband, 10. Biogastagung - Anaerobe Biologische Abfallbehandlung, 29.-30. Semtember 2015, Dresden}, publisher = {Forum f{\"u}r Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e.V.}, address = {Pirna}, pages = {177 -- 186}, abstract = {Mit der Implementierung des Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetzes (KrWG) im Jahr 2012 hat sich die Bundesregierung gesetzlich auf eine getrennte Erfassung von Bioabf{\"a}llen in privaten Haushalten ab Januar 2015 festgelegt. Bioabf{\"a}lle werden in Deutschland bereits in {\"u}ber 100 Biogasanlagen eingesetzt und k{\"o}nnten in Zukunft verst{\"a}rkt als G{\"a}rsubstrat genutzt werden. Die nach der Verg{\"a}rung verbleibenden organischen R{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Fl{\"a}chen r{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. Im Rahmen des VeNGA-Projektes (Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und N{\"a}hrstoffnutzung sowie der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Abfallverg{\"a}rung) am Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Firma Grossmann Ingenieur Consult Dresden (GICON) und dem Institut f{\"u}r Stadt{\"o}kologische Projekte Berlin (IASP) sollen Aufbereitungsm{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r R{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung untersucht werden. Im Fokus steht dabei der Einfluss der Substratbehandlung w{\"a}hrend des Biogas- und Aufbereitungsprozesses auf die Eigenschaften der entstehenden D{\"u}ngeprodukte. Die Untersuchungen werden sowohl im Labor als auch im Technikum durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Charakterisierung der festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung hat gezeigt, dass diese ein {\"a}hnliches N{\"a}hrstoffpotential wie Gr{\"u}nd{\"u}nger oder Frischkompost besitzen. Durch den organischen Abbau w{\"a}hrend der Verg{\"a}rung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von N{\"a}hrstoffen und Schwermetallen in der festen Phase. Der Stickstoff liegt zu durchschnittlich 25 \% in Form von pflanzenverf{\"u}gbarem Ammoni-um vor. W{\"a}hrend der Aufbereitung ist jedoch eine Teiltrocknung der G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde unumg{\"a}nglich, was zun{\"a}chst zum Stickstoffverlust f{\"u}hrt. Es ist also von einer geringen Stickstoffverf{\"u}gbarkeit in den festen G{\"a}rprodukten auszugehen. Der Einsatz der aufbereiteten G{\"a}rprodukte in Topfexperimenten und im Feldversuch hat gezeigt, dass die Ausbringung in Kombination mit Minerald{\"u}ngung zu einem erh{\"o}hten Biomasseertrag f{\"u}hrt. Dies l{\"a}sst eine positive Wirkung der G{\"a}rprodukte auf die Bodeneigenschaften schlussfolgern. Feste G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde k{\"o}nnen bei Erf{\"u}llung der Kriterien nach BioAbfV als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Eine Aufbereitung ist hierf{\"u}r in den meisten F{\"a}llen notwendig. Dies gilt insbesondere f{\"u}r Substrate, die vor der Verg{\"a}rung keiner St{\"o}rstoffabscheidung unterzogen werden. Das zweistufige Fest-Fl{\"u}ssig-Verfahren, welches f{\"u}r die Untersuchungen angewendet wird, hat den Vorteil besonders unanf{\"a}llig gegen{\"u}ber St{\"o}rstoffen zu sein. Der St{\"o}rstoffgehalt im G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckstand ist dadurch vergleichsweise h{\"o}her als bei anderen Verfahren, was einen gr{\"o}ßeren Aufbereitungsaufwand nach sich zieht.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaabSchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Wechler, Klaus-Peter}, title = {Late Holocene eolian fossilization of Podzols in Northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The North European lowland has been formed by glacial and periglacial processes in the Late Pleistocene. Multiple reshaping since the Late Glacial considerably changed the landscape up to and including especially historic times. Sediment sequences and (fossilized) soils can improve our understanding of Late Quaternary landscape development, but mapping of buried soils and surfaces is often limited to single outcrops. Ongoing archaeological rescue excavations in the pre-field of the open-cast mine Cottbus-Nord (northeastern Germany) with dense excavation trenches in an about 10 ha dune and drift sand area reveal multilayered sediment sequences with fossilized soils and sediments from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene. Archaeological findings ranging from Mesolithic flint stones to an about 200 year old ceramics in eolian sediments covering plow horizons and wheel tracks suggest that eolian relocation of sandy material was intensive about 200 years ago. Still unpublished OSL dating underline the intense eolian activity. Recent studies showed that between the 15Th to the 19Th century an iron smelter 5 km to the west of our study site was supplied with charcoal, which was produced in a forest 5 km east to our study site. Our current findings about Late Holocene eolian activity raise the question if this eolian reshaping of the landscape is connected with the operation of the iron smelter either directly by transport or bog iron ore winning or indirectly by population pressure caused by the prospering iron smelter. Our ongoing research indicates, that already for historic land-use off-site effects causing further landscape changes have to be considered.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabHirschOuimetetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David}, title = {Soil stratigraphy of charcoal kiln remains (CKR) in the Litchfield Hills, CT, USA}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Charcoal kiln relicts (CKRs) are small anthropogenic landforms that are often found in historic mining areas. CKRs have not been a big research topic yet but mainly were studied as by-products of archaeological excavations. In the last years newly available and very accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) based on high-resolution Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data have been used to identify these archaeological remains. In addition, findings of several thousands CKRs in the North German Lowland have increased the awareness that historical charcoal production may significantly contribute to Late Holocene landscape change. Besides the archaeological aspect of CKRs, potential impacts of charcoal burning on the ecology of modern soil landscapes and ecosystem processes must be considered. A relatively high density of CKRs is found in the Litchfield Hills nearby the town of West Cornwall, Litchfield County, CT, USA. The CKRs are especially well preserved on slopes of the tributary valleys of the Housatonic River and form little, circular ramparts with diameters normally less than ten meters. First, rough field surveys in Litchfield County in spring 2015 have suggested differences between soils inside and outside the CKR. Soils on the CKR seem to have relatively deep humus-rich and charcoal containing topsoils whereas the topsoils outside the CKR appear typically thinner and less rich in humus. More thorough investigations have been started in autumn 2015 to prove the hypothesis that properties, distribution and development of soils are controlled by archaeological remains of historical charcoal burning. We present preliminary results from our field studies conducted in October 2015. The stratigraphy and the extent of the 26 CKRs were studied using a sedimentological-pedological approach by coring and trenching. Our results indicate that in Litchfield County the CKRs were used twice and in quick succession. Before the second reuse, the rim of the platform was stabilized with boulders. The black topsoils on the CKRs contain residual charcoal and the topsoils are thicker compared to the soil sequences outside of the CKRs.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Missing evidence for the LGM-asynchronity in the Central Spanish Pyrenees in geomorphological, sedimentological and pedological archives}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {According to the state of knowledge, the glacial advances in the Eastern Pyrenees were synchronous with the global LGM during the Late Pleistocene (MIS 2), but the glacial advances in the Central Spanish Pyrenees at MIS 3 were asynchron with the global LGM. Whereas in the Eastern Pyrenees the glacial advances are dated in several well agreeing studies by surface exposure dating of boulders from lateral or terminal moraines, the asynchronity of the Central Spanish Pyrenees was postulated mainly by OSL dating on glacial and fluvial sediments and on radiocarbon dating of pollen from lacustrine deposits. The time difference of about 15 ka raises the question if this is a result of (local) climate factors or owed to failures caused by using several dating techniques on different archives. Anyway, if this time lag is correct, post-LGM formation of soils and sediments from the Late Pleistocene should be different between the Eastern Pyrenees and the Central Spanish Pyrenees. We therefore applied a combined approach of geomorphological, sedimentological and pedological investigations to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley of the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Our study reveals that in both valleys the Pre-Holocene geomorphodynamics on the lateglacial deposits show clear analogies with findings from Pleistocene periglacial landscapes in Central Europe. For MIS 4 and early MIS 3 periglacial processes are proven by loess deposition and formation of solifluction sediments. The glacial sediments, which were dated in earlier studies into mid MIS 3 and counted so far as prove for the asynchronous LGM of the Central Spanish Pyrenees, are covered by periglacial deposits of lateglacial age (14 ka to 11 ka). Surprisingly neither the glacial sediments have pedogenic features that indicate lateglacial soil development, nor do the periglacial deposits show indications for lateglacial soil erosion. Therefore we conclude that soil formation began after the sedimentation of the periglacial deposits, either implying a striking timeframe of more than 15 ka with a stable landscape without any pedogenesis, or the untenability of the MIS 3 age of the glacial sediments. Because we can clearly differentiate further phases of geomorphodynamics during the Holocene with truncated soil profiles and the correlate sediments of soil erosion next to undisturbed soils in periglacial sediments with a lateglacial age, we challenge the thesis of an asynchronous LGM in the Central Spanish Pyrenees and advocate a synchronous LGM in the Gallego- and Aragon valley analog to the Eastern Pyrenees.}, language = {en} } @misc{KruemmelbeinRaab, author = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Development of soil physical parameters in agricultural reclamation after brown coal mining within the first four years}, series = {Soil and Tillage Research}, volume = {125}, journal = {Soil and Tillage Research}, issn = {0167-1987}, doi = {10.1016/j.still.2012.06.013}, pages = {109 -- 115}, abstract = {In Lusatia, Eastern Germany, the largest German brown coal (lignite) mining area is located. We study agricultural reclamation of open cast brown coal mining areas over the reclamation period of seven years which is in Germany by law the fixed time after which the agricultural areas are resold to farmers and agricultural cooperatives. This paper shows the development of selected soil physical parameters within the first three and four years of reclamation in dependence of organic fertilization, soil tillage and crop rotation. The sandy substrate which is used to reconstruct the post mining landscape is of Saaleian origin, free of recent organic matter and characterized by a homogeneous fabric. During excavation, deposition on stockpiles and levelling, the substrate becomes partly severely compacted due to extensive mechanical stresses. The extent of induced stresses depends on the contact area pressure and on the number of wheel passes of the levelling machinery during these processes. In this context we investigated the effect of different organic soil additives in combination with different crop rotations on the development of soil structure. The experimental area was reconstructed in 2006 and 2007. Directly after site construction, undisturbed soil samples were taken to characterize the initial mechanical and hydraulic properties of the substrate. Three and four years later again undisturbed samples on selected sub plots were taken. In 2010 samples from plots where Alfalfa had been cultivated for three years were collected. The Alfalfa plots were wheeled only twice per year, once for fertilization and once to cut and chaff the biomass. In 2011 samples from plots with annual ploughing and seedbed preparation were taken to show the effects of different crops and tillage intensities in combination with varying soil organic fertilizers on soil structure development. Furthermore, we evaluated the persistence of the loosening effect of subsoiling in dependence on the reclamation practice. First results of our on-going experimental study indicate that initial soil physical properties are very variable on the sub plots. After three and four years, no loosening effect of deep loosening was found anymore. The comparison of the minimum tilled plots (Alfalfa) with the plots of medium tillage intensity showed that with decreasing soil tillage intensity the functionality of the pore system (saturated hydraulic conductivity, air permeability) is improved.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VoelkelRaab, author = {V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effects of uranium mining on the landscape ecology in Eastern Thuringia - Mining dumps and floodplains as sinks and sources of mining related substances}, series = {GeoDarmstadt2010 : Geowissenschaften sichern Zukunft, Frankfurt am Main \& Darmstadt, 10. Oktober - 13. Oktober 2010}, booktitle = {GeoDarmstadt2010 : Geowissenschaften sichern Zukunft, Frankfurt am Main \& Darmstadt, 10. Oktober - 13. Oktober 2010}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Geowissenschaften}, address = {Hannover}, issn = {978-3-510-49219-0}, pages = {573 -- 574}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KruemmelbeinRaabBensetal., author = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and Bens, Oliver and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Soil compaction on an agricultural post-mining recultivation site in Eastern Germany}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 - 07 May 2010}, booktitle = {EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 - 07 May 2010}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Chronology of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragonese Pyrenees}, series = {Quaternary International}, volume = {279-280}, journal = {Quaternary International}, doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.371}, pages = {S. 202}, abstract = {The Spanish Pyrenees are a type region for Quaternary glaciations. Although the history of glacial research dates back until the first fieldtrips of Charpentier in 1841 and Penck in 1883, the maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciers and the exact chronology is still discussed. Whereas some authors suggest a last glacial maximum (LGM) synchronous to the European Alps, there are also several authors preferring a much earlier Pyrenean LGM. The differing ages for the LGM research using absolute chronological methods reveal the need for a clear stratigraphical and sedimentological approach prior to chronological sampling on Quaternary sediments. Within the scope of the research project post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain) funded by the DFG (Az RA 931/3-1) Quaternary sediments are differentiated by a combination of multiple field and laboratory methods. This identification of the sediments, combined with the stratigraphic approach forms the basis for the dating of the sediment facies and therefore the prevailing climate conditions at the time of the sedimentation. The studies are mainly conducted in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley, which are both situated in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain). We use optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date the uppermost unit of the periglacial slope deposits which typically cover glacial sediments in most parts of the study area. There is clear evidence that the glacial and periglacial sediments are partly eroded due to human impact. First OSL and 14C dating reveal relatively young ages for this phase of soil erosion and redepostion on the slopes (approximately 300 a BP).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaabSchuhart, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Schuhart, Stefan}, title = {Quaternary deposits and soil formation in the Arag{\´o}n Pyrenees (Spain) - First results from sedimentological studies}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 - 07 May 2010}, booktitle = {EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 - 07 May 2010}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Aufbereitung von festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung zu Bodenhilfsstoffen}, series = {Tagungsband, 6. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft, am 10. und 11. M{\"a}rz 2016 in Berlin}, booktitle = {Tagungsband, 6. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft, am 10. und 11. M{\"a}rz 2016 in Berlin}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Abfallwirtschaft e.V.}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-00-052365-6}, abstract = {Mit der Novellierung des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) im Jahr 2014 und der fl{\"a}chendeckenden Einf{\"u}hrung der getrennten Erfassung der Bioabf{\"a}lle seit 2015 (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz 2012) wurden deutliche Anreize f{\"u}r die Verwendung von organischen Reststoffen zur Biogaserzeugung gesetzt. Ein verst{\"a}rkter Einsatz von Bioabf{\"a}llen als G{\"a}rsubstrat ist zu erwarten. Die festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Fl{\"a}chen r{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit dient der Untersuchung von Aufbereitungsm{\"o}glichkeiten der festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung und soll insbesondere die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Verg{\"a}rung, Aufbereitung und anschließender Bodenwirkung klarstellen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Conditioning of residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment}, series = {24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 6-9 June 2016, Book of abstracts}, booktitle = {24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 6-9 June 2016, Book of abstracts}, address = {Amsterdam}, pages = {S. 37}, abstract = {The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic waste digestion as composting of organic waste materials is still common. Before digestion residues can be applied to soils they need to be conditioned as they have a high impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials) and need to meet the requirements of German regulation on biowaste (Bioabfallverordnung). Our research is investigating on conditioning methods for solid residues of municipal organic waste digestion with regard to the potential effect of products on soil structure, soil water regime and nutrient supply. Investigations have been made with different digestion residues from lab scale, semi-industrial and industrial scale biogas plants. Conditioning methods have been tested using our in-lab treatment facilities consisting of a drying, composting, sieving and pelletizing unit. Preliminary results show that drying and pelletizing measures influence hydrophobicity of digestion residues. As water repellency directly affects water flow and soil moisture this is a determining parameter regarding the amendment performance of conditioned products.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DietrichKnoopRaabetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia}, title = {Influence of soil amendments made from digestate on soil physics and the growth of spring wheat}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April - 22 May 2016}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April - 22 May 2016}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Every year 13 million tons of organic wastes accumulate in Germany. These wastes are a potential alternative for the production of energy in biogas plants, especially because the financial subventions for the cultivation of renewable resources for energy production were omitted in 2014. The production of energy from biomass and organic wastes in biogas plants results in the accumulation of digestate and therefore causes the need for a sustainable strategy of the utilization of these residues. Within the scope of the BMBF-funded project 'VeNGA - Investigations for recovery and nutrient use as well as soil and plant-related effects of digestate from waste fermentation' the application of processed digestate as soil amendments is examined. Therefore we tested four different mechanical treatment processes (rolled pellets, pressed pellets, shredded compost and sieved compost) to produce soil amendments from digestate with regard to their impact on soil physics, soil chemistry and the interactions between plants and soil. Pot experiments with soil amendments were performed in the greenhouse experiment with spring wheat and in field trials with millet, mustard and forage rye. After the first year of the experiment, preliminary results indicate a positive effect of the sieved compost and the rolled pellets on biomass yield of spring wheat as compared to the other variations. First results from the Investigation on soil physics show that rolled pellets have a positive effect on the soil properties by influencing size and distribution of pores resulting in an increased water holding capacity. Further ongoing enhancements of the physical and chemical properties of the soil amendments indicate promising results regarding the ecological effects by increased root growth of spring wheat.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Conditioning of solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment}, series = {Venice 2016, 6th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste 2016, Venice, Italy, 14-17 November 2016}, booktitle = {Venice 2016, 6th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste 2016, Venice, Italy, 14-17 November 2016}, publisher = {CISA Publisher}, address = {Padova}, isbn = {978-88-6265-007-6}, abstract = {To prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility the application of organic soil amendments is a common measure. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of organic household waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic household waste digestion and the effects of conditioning measures on substrate quality and amendment performance in soil. Before digestion residues can be applied to agricultural soils in Germany, they need to meet the requirements of Biowaste Ordinance (BioAbfV). Conditioning mainly focuses on reducing impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials), securing hygiene of residues, reducing water content and developing tradable products. We studied the effect of drying, composting, sieving and pelletisation on final product characteristics. Investigations have been examined with solid digestates, composted digestates and pelletized digestates originating from the same organic waste input. Samples were retrieved from a semi-industrial biogas plant of the company GICON (Gemany) and a composting plant of the company Becker Umweltdienste (Germany). Investigations show that characteristics of organic household waste undergo a clear change during anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of the digestate. The final composted product will mainly contribute to long-term development of soil fertiliy. The improvement of waste quality is the most important measure to ensure the provision of high-quality soil amendments. Investigations on the impact of digestate products on soil-water-regime however did not show a clear advantage of pelletized products over loose material.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KapplerKaiserKuesteretal., author = {Kappler, Christoph and Kaiser, Knut and K{\"u}ster, Mathias and F{\"u}lling, Alexander and Bens, Oliver and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Evaluating the timing of late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil formation: a review of geochronological data from northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April - 22 May 2016}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April - 22 May 2016}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchwabBrauerBłaszkiewiczetal., author = {Schwab, Markus and Brauer, Achim and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Blume, Theresa and Itzerott, Sibylle and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin}, title = {ICLEA - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April - 22 May 2016}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April - 22 May 2016}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschBauriegelBonhageetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Occurrence, micromorphology, and soil chemistry of Fuchserden (Rhodic Arenosols) on sandy deposits in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In the sandy deposits from the Late Pleistocene in the Northern European lowlands, the local appearance of red subsoils emerges the question of their formation and palaeoenvironmental significance. According to the WRB this soil is classified as Rhodic Arenosols, but in the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping this soil is still unconsidered because the age and genesis is unclear. Due to the intense red subsoil, the working title of this soil is 'Fuchserde'. Whereas rubefication is a characteristic feature of soils in regions with warm and dry summers like in the Mediterranean, the occurrence of red subsoil horizons containing hematite in soils in northeastern Germany is not an indicator for tropic or Mediterranean climate conditions. Already the appearance of Fuchserden on sandy deposits from the last glaciation objects earlier theories that consider these soils as a relictic soil formation from the last interglacial or even the Palaeogene or Neogene. To characterize the genesis of the Fuchserden, we focused on four different study sites in northeastern Germany. We present our findings from soil micromorphology and the identification of the iron(hydr)oxides by FTIR. Our results give new insights on the development of the Fuchserden and the importance of lateral input of iron for their genesis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchwabBrauerBłaszkiewiczetal., author = {Schwab, Markus and Brauer, Achim and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Blume, Theresa and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin}, title = {ICLEA - The Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analyses}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Since 2012, the partner of the virtual institute ICLEA from Germany and Poland view on past changes as natural experiments as a guidebook for better anticipation of future changes and their impacts. Since the natural evolution became increasingly superimposed by human impacts since the Neolithic we include an in-depth discussion of impacts of climate and environment change on societies and vice versa. Understanding causes and effects of present-day climate change on landscapes and the human habitat faces two main challenges, (I) too short time series of instrumental observation that do not cover the full range of variability since mechanisms of climate change and landscape evolution work on different time scales, which often not susceptible to human perception, and, (II) distinct regional differences due to the location with respect to oceanic/continental climatic influences, the geological underground, and the history and intensity of anthropogenic land-use. Both challenges are central for the ICLEA research strategy and demand a high degree of interdisciplinary. In particular, the need to link observations and measurements of ongoing changes with information from the past taken from natural archives requires joint work of scientists with very different time perspectives. On the one hand, scientists that work at geological time scales of thousands and more years and, on the other hand, those observing and investigating recent processes at short time scales. Five complementary work packages (WP) are established according to the key research aspects: WP 1 focused on monitoring mainly hydrology and soil moisture as well as meteorological parameters. WP 2 is linking present day and future monitoring data with the most recent past through analyzing satellite images. This WP will further provide larger spatial scales. WP 3-5 are focused on different natural archives to obtain a broad variety of high quality proxy data. Tree rings provide sub-seasonal data for the last centuries up to few millennia, varved lake sediments cover the entire research time interval at seasonal to decadal resolution and palaeosoils and geomorphological features also cover the entire period but not continuously and with lower resolution. Complementary information, like climate, tree ecophysiological and limnological data etc., are provided by cooperation with associated partners. In these five WP the partner focusing their research capacities and expertise in ICLEA. We offers young researchers an interdisciplinary and structured education and promote their early independence through coaching and mentoring. Postdoctoral rotation positions promote dissemination of information and expertise between disciplines. ICLEA results are published in about 80 peer reviewed scientific articles and available for the scientific community. The long-term mission of the Virtual Institute is to provide a substantiated data basis for sustained environmental maintenance based on a profound process understanding at all relevant time scales. Aim is to explore processes of climate and landscape evolution in an historical cultural landscape extending from northeastern Germany into northwestern Poland. The northern-central European lowlands is facilitated as a natural laboratory providing an ideal case for utilizing a systematic and holistic approach. Further information about ICLEA: www.iclea.de}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SutLohmannRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to quantify iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes in soil}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Contaminated sites create a significant risk to human health, by poisoning drinking water, soil, air and as a consequence food. Continuous release of persistent iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes from various industrial sources poses a high hazard to the environment and indicates the necessity to analyze considerable amount of samples. At the present time quantitative determination of Fe-CN concentration in soil usually requires a time consuming two step process: digestion of the sample (e.g., micro distillation system) and its analytical detection performed, e.g., by automated spectrophotometrical flow injection analysis (FIA). In order to determine the feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to quantify the Fe-CN complexes in soil matrix, 42 soil samples were collected (8 to 12.520 mg kg-1CN) indicating single symmetrical CN band in the range 2092 - 2084 cm-1. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration-validation model revealed IR response to CNtot exceeding 1268 mg kg-1 (limit of detection, LOD). Subsequently, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) was performed on soil samples containing low CNtot (<900 mg kg-1), which improved the sensitivity of the model by reducing the LOD to 154 mg kg-1. Finally, the LOO-CV conducted on the samples with CNtot >900 mg kg-1 resulted in LOD equal to 3494 mg kg-1. Our results indicate that spectroscopic data in combination with PLS statistics can efficiently be used to predict Fe-CN concentrations in soil. We conclude that the protocol applied in this study can strongly reduce the time and costs essential for the spatial and vertical screening of the site affected by complexed Fe-CN.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DietrichKnoopRaab, author = {Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effect of differently pelletized digestate on the plant growth of spring wheat}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In Germany, biowaste is used in more than 100 biogas plants and has increasing potential as a fermentation substrate. To optimise waste cycle management organic digestates should be redistributed and innovative products for soil amendment of agricultural areas could be developed. The BMBF-funded VeNGA project seeks to find answers on how to improve the properties of soil amendments produced from fermentation residues. Here, we report findings from our study that focuses on plant growth and soil development. Within a three-month rhizotron experiment, the influence of differently prepared fermentation residues on the root development of summer wheat was investigated. The four variants of the prepared digestate (rolled pellet, pressed pellet, shredded, loose) were tested under constant conditions in the greenhouse on two soils with different textures (sandy and loamy-sand). All fermentation residues originated from the same batch and were composted before the preparation to ensure adequate hygienisation. Depending on preparation type and soil substrate significant differences in root growth and root development have been observed. Plant growth was most intense in the rhizotron experiment with the loose digestate, indicating high nutrient availability due to the large surface area of the organic matter. Plant growth in the substrate with the rolled and pressed pellets was less pronounced, indicating a more persistent stability of the pellets. In rhizotrons applied with rolled and pressed pellets root growth into the mineral fabric was significantly lower in sandy substrate than in the loamy-sand. However, in the sandy substrate root growth within the rolled pellets was more intense than in the substrate with the pressed pellets. Obviously, the different production techniques of the pellets seem to have an influence on the rooting of the pellets and facilitate the long term stability of soil organic carbon. Furthermore, the comparison of the two different textures indicate, that sandy substrates benefit more from the positive effects of soil amendments on increased water retention than loamy substrates.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschDietrichKnoopetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Micromorphology of pelletized soil conditioners}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Soil conditioners produced by anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of organic household waste, bear the potential to improve unproductive farmland together with a reduced input risk of unwanted pollutants into the soils. Within the VeNGA project (http://www.biogas-network.de/venga), soil conditioners from anaerobically digested organic household waste are tested for their potential to increase plant growth in glasshouse and field experiments. Because the production techniques of these soil conditioners may influence their physical and chemical behaviour in the soil, two different techniques for pelletizing the soil conditioners where applied. We present findings from a pot experiment with cereal that has been sampled after two months for micromorphological analyses.We visualize the decomposition and the physical behaviour of the soil conditioners. Pellets produced in an agglomeration mixer result in dense balls, that are only slightly decomposed after the trial. But the soil conditioners created under pressure in a screw extruder are rich in voids and have the potential of retaining more soil water.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The Finow soil - a stratigraphic marker or just a pedologic horizon?}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Palaeosoils indicate periods of landscape stability, and therefore warmer periods during the cold climate conditions of the Late Pleistocene, when pedogenic processes can shape the surface. Therefore, in Late Pleistocene glacial and periglacial deposits, palaeosoils are widely used as chronostratigraphic markers. However, in contrast to limnic archives the records in terrestrial sediments are often discontinuous or ambiguous. The so called Finow soil is commonly found as 5 to 15 cm thick and fossilized horizon, characterized by brunification and the illuviation of clay in the sandy deposits of Northern Central Europe. We present a micromorpological approach together with OSL ages, that contradicts the stratigraphic potential of the Finow soil and also questions the suitability of soil horizons formed by clay illuviation as stratigraphic markers.}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Quick detection and quantification of iron-cyanide complexes using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy}, series = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {227}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, issn = {0269-7491}, doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.052}, pages = {64 -- 72}, abstract = {The continuous release of persistent iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes from various industrial sources poses a high hazard to the environment and indicates the necessity to analyze a considerable amount of samples. Conventional flow injection analysis (FIA) is a time and cost consuming method for cyanide (CN) determination. Thus, a rapid and economic alternative needs to be developed to quantify the Fe-CN complexes. 52 soil samples were collected at a former Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) site in order to determine the feasibility of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Soil analysis revealed CN concentrations in a range from 8 to 14.809 mg kg⁻¹, where 97\% was in the solid form (Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃), which is characterized by a single symmetrical CN band in the range 2092-2084 cm-1. The partial least squares (PLS) calibration-validation model revealed IR response to CNtot which exceeds 2306 mg kg⁻¹(limit of detection, LOD). Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV) was performed on soil samples, which contained low CNtot (<900 mg kg⁻¹). This improved the sensitivity of the model by reducing the LOD to 154 mg kg⁻¹. Finally, the LOO-CV conducted on the samples with CNtot > 900 mg kg⁻¹ resulted in LOD equal to 3751 mg kg⁻¹. It was found that FTIR spectroscopy provides the information concerning different CN species in the soil samples. Additionally, it is suitable for quantifying Fe-CN species in matrixes with CNtot > 154 mg kg⁻¹. Thus, FTIR spectroscopy, in combination with the statistical approach applied here seems to be a feasible and quick method for screening of contaminated sites.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Nutrient and heavy metal accumulation in municipal organic waste from separate collection during anaerobic digestion in a two-stage laboratory biogas plant}, series = {Bioresource Technology}, volume = {239}, journal = {Bioresource Technology}, issn = {1873-2976}, doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.026}, pages = {437 -- 446}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannBoldtBurischPohleetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Pohle, Ina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Advancing performance of green technologies for remediation and reclamation of degraded urban soils}, publisher = {United Nations University, Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-944863-18-4}, pages = {S. 61}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Trocknen oder Kompostieren? Auswirkung auf die D{\"u}ngeeigenschaften von G{\"a}rresten aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung}, series = {Tagungsband 7. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft am 16. und 17. M{\"a}rz 2017 an der RWTH Aachen}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 7. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft am 16. und 17. M{\"a}rz 2017 an der RWTH Aachen}, editor = {Bockreis, Anke}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Innsbruck University Press}, address = {Innsbruck}, isbn = {978-3-903122-78-9}, pages = {131 -- 135}, abstract = {Mit der Einf{\"u}hrung der fl{\"a}chendeckenden Getrenntsammlung von Bioabf{\"a}llen und im Zuge der F{\"o}rderpolitikentwicklung unter dem EEG wird ein verst{\"a}rkter Einsatz von Bioabf{\"a}llen in Biogasanlagen erwartet. Die G{\"a}rreste sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Neben inhaltlichen Anforderungen schreibt die BioAbfV eine Hygienisierung der G{\"a}rreste vor. Dies kann im Anschluss an die Verg{\"a}rung durch Trocknung oder Kompostierung realisiert werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit Frage wie sich das gew{\"a}hlte Hygienisierungsverfahren auf die D{\"u}ngeeigenschaften der G{\"a}rreste auswirkt. F{\"u}r die Untersuchung wurden 3 G{\"a}rrestchargen aus einer 2-stufigen Biogasanlage (GICON-Biogastechnikum Cottbus) getrocknet (BTU Labor) und kompostiert (Kompostwerk Becker Umweltdienste). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die getrockneten G{\"a}rreste einen h{\"o}heren Anteil an sehr schnell verf{\"u}gbaren, eluierbaren N{\"a}hrstoffen und Schwermetallen aufweisen. Der Nmin-Gehalt des getrockneten G{\"a}rrestes ist ebenfalls h{\"o}her. Durch die Kompostierung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von Elementen im G{\"a}rrest. Diese weisen aber eine geringere Eluierbarkeit auf. Der Anteil an pflanzenverf{\"u}gbarem P ist im kompostierten G{\"a}rrest h{\"o}her. Auf die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit von K hat das Aufbereitungsverfahren keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Beide Aufbereitungsverfahren bieten Vor- und Nachteile im Hinblick auf die potentielle Wirkung des G{\"a}rrestes auf Boden- und Pflanzenentwicklung. Eine eindeutige Empfehlung f{\"u}r ein Aufbereitungsverfahren kann daher nicht gegeben werden.}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschRaabHelleretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Heller, Sebastian and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Classification of pedogenic cementation in Podzols by pocket penetrometry}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {180}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {4}, issn = {1522-2624}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.201600395}, pages = {430 -- 435}, abstract = {According to the German Soil Taxonomy, the formation of cemented horizons in Podzols is restricted to the precipitation of iron oxides. However, in iron-poor sandy substrates, also illuviation of only organic compounds can form cemented horizons with penetration resistances of up to 14 kg cm-2. We present a reproducible field test for classifying pedogenic cementation in Podzols and suggest considering cemented horizons (Bmh and Bhm) in the upcoming edition of the Guidelines for Soil Mapping.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschBauriegelBonhageetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Fuchserden in Brandenburg - Vorkommen, Mikromorphologie und Bodenchemie}, series = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, booktitle = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, publisher = {DBG}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {1}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Der Finowboden - ein lokaler Pal{\"a}oboden?}, series = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung de Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, booktitle = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung de Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, publisher = {DBG}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {1}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Degradation of soil amendments produced from municipal organic waste digestate during a two-year field study}, series = {25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Stockholm, 2017}, booktitle = {25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Stockholm, 2017}, isbn = {978-88-89407-17-2}, doi = {10.5071/25thEUBCE2017-4AV.2.14}, pages = {1720 -- 1723}, abstract = {The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW) are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Our research investigates the characteristics of differently treated amendments produced from MOW digestate. We want to know how long these amendments are present in the soil and which amendment type contributes most to nutrient provision after application. Results were obtained using four different MOW digestate amendments of one origin (loose, pelletized and agglomerated) during a 24-hours shaker-experiment and a bag-experiment on grassland, which was subsequently sampled over 21 months. Results show that short-term element leaching is higher from loose amendment and small agglomerates, probably caused by higher surface area und lower stability of these amendments. Biggest degradation effects can be seen 7 months after application to soil. However, all four amendments are still present after 21 months. Pelletized amendments are more degradation resistant than loose amendment, which may be advantageous regarding long-term effects e.g. on water holding capacity. In turn, loose material delivers a higher share of small organic particles to soil and may therefore have a higher contribution to humus development.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effect of drying, composting and subsequent impurity removal by sieving on the properties of digestates from municipal organic waste}, series = {Waste Management}, volume = {72}, journal = {Waste Management}, issn = {1879-2456}, doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.022}, pages = {168 -- 177}, abstract = {The application of organic soil amendments is a common measure to prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW) are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, no study has related amendment properties of MOW digestate of one origin to different treatment procedures. We therefore investigated the impact of drying, composting and sieving on final digestate properties and specifically nutrient availability and heavy metal and carbon elution. Samples were provided by a semi-industrial two-stage biogas plant with dry fermentation of MOW. Results confirm that in comparison to drying, composting of MOW digestates leads to a significant increase of K, P, Mg, Ca, Cd and Cr in the digestates. Sieving of composted digestates showed that heavy metals are not evenly distributed and that heavy metal concentration in the digestate increases with decreasing mesh sizes (highest concentrations in the fractions <1 mm). Although the element concentration is higher in composted batches, the water-extractability of nutrients, heavy metals and carbon is significantly lower from composted over dried digestates. A significant correlation was found between the dissolution of Zn, Ni, Ca and Mg and pH of eluate as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release (R > 0.7, p < 0.05). Results confirm that the extent of carbon elution depends on the degradation rate of digestates. DOC may therefore be a good measure to evaluate digestate stability and to decide on treatment measures.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnoopTietzeDornacketal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Tietze, Michael and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Fate of nutrients and heavy metals during two-stage digestion and aerobic post-treatment of municipal organic waste}, series = {Bioresource Technology}, volume = {251}, journal = {Bioresource Technology}, issn = {1873-2976}, doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.019}, pages = {238 -- 248}, abstract = {The biogas technology is a promising approach for the recovery of energy and fertilizer from municipal organic waste (MOW). However, only scarce information on the development of initial nutrient and heavy metal loads during processing is available. Therefore, this study investigates properties of source-separated MOW during treatment in a semi-industrial scale two-stage biogas plant and subsequent digestate composting including impurities removal. Data from 15 batch experiments was investigated by material and substance flow analysis. Results of this study have shown that about 40\% of nutrients contained in the MOW inflow are mineralized during anaerobic and subsequent aerobic treatment. A higher nutrient release was observed during the anaerobic treatment step. Additionally, impurities removal causes a significant reduction of final nutrient content. Heavy metal analysis confirmed a high heterogeneity of contamination levels. However, digestion and composting do not seem to significantly impact on total heavy metal loads in the substrate flow.}, language = {en} } @misc{HowardKnightGeareyetal., author = {Howard, Andy and Knight, David and Gearey, Ben and Kluiving, Sjoerd and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The Impacts of Climate and Environmental Change on the Historic Environment}, series = {The Historic Environment: Policy \& Practice}, volume = {8}, journal = {The Historic Environment: Policy \& Practice}, number = {2}, issn = {1756-7513}, doi = {10.1080/17567505.2017.1325158}, pages = {87 -- 88}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabDisteletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Distel, Henrik and Naeth, M. Anne and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Modelling Late Quaternary Soil Development Considering Slope Aspects in the Rumsey Area (Alberta, Canada)}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabHirsch, author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Towards an International Genetic Classification of Pleistocene Periglacial Slope Deposits (PPSDs)}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{Raab, author = {Raab, Thomas}, title = {Zur Bedeutung der historischen Montanwirtschaft f{\"u}r die Landschaftsentwicklung und Geoökologie des Vilstals in der Oberpfalz}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, volume = {12}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, number = {59}, issn = {1617-4461}, pages = {319 -- 336}, language = {de} } @misc{KapplerKaiserKuesteretal., author = {Kappler, Christoph and Kaiser, Knut and K{\"u}ster, Mathias and Nicolay, Alexander and F{\"u}lling, Alexander and Bens, Oliver and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Pleistocene and Holocene terrestrial geomorphodynamics and soil formation in northeastern Germany: a review of geochronological data}, series = {Physical geography}, volume = {40}, journal = {Physical geography}, number = {5}, issn = {1930-0557}, doi = {10.1080/02723646.2019.1573621}, pages = {405 -- 432}, abstract = {This study is based on 616 geochronological ages from aeolian and colluvial sediments as well as paleosols, representing the largest database of geochronological data from northeastern Germany available to date. Cumulative probability density functions for radiocarbon data and kernel density estimates for luminescence data were created covering the last 15 ka. The data analysis aimed at the identification of changes and their drivers in geomorphodynamics and soil formation. The ages representing aeolian activity cluster in the Late Glacial, the Early Holocene, and the Late Holocene, where the first two clusters are assumed to result mostly from climatic impact with only a minor share of human impact triggering the mobilization of aeolian sediments. The third cluster is considered to result mainly from human impact. The Late Glacial to Early Holocene activity phase is interrupted by a phase of surface stability around 11.5-12.7 ka, which is indicated by the occurrence of initial soil formations of Finow and Usselo types. Colluvial sedimentation predominantly occurred during the last 7 ka and clearly accelerated since the last 1000 a. According to the ages of specific paleosol types, related soilforming processes started already in the Late Glacial and were completed in the Holocene.}, language = {en} } @misc{DistelHirschRaabetal., author = {Distel, Henrik and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Effects of slope aspect on soil development in the Canadian prairies: a digital approach}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabDisteletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Distel, Henrik and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Dynamics of pedogenic carbonates and their relation to slope aspects in the Rumsey area (Alberta, Canada)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{SutLohmannKnoopRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effect of the post treatments for biowaste-based digestateson water solubility of nutrients and iron-cyanide (Fe-CN)complex mobility}, series = {Land Degradation \& Development}, volume = {30}, journal = {Land Degradation \& Development}, number = {13}, issn = {1099-145X}, doi = {10.1002/ldr.3336}, pages = {1545 -- 1553}, abstract = {With recent policy developments, an increase in organic waste utilization is expected. However, the use of organic amendments to reduce the mobility of iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes and simultaneously promote vegetation growth has not been studied before. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of (a) drying, (b) composting, and (c) pelletizing on the ability of digestates (biowastes from an anaerobic treatment of municipal organic waste) to provide easily available nutrients and stabilize Fe-CN complexes. Extraction with deionized water resulted in a considerably higher nutrient and carbon elution from air-dried and oven-dried digestates (50\% dry matter [DM] of total K, 11\% DM Mg, 7\% DM Ca, and 6\% DM C). Mixer-pelletized digestates stand out among the composted samples (42\% of total K, 3\% DM C, 5\% DM P, 1.5\% DM Mg, and 1\% DM Ca). The adsorption experiment showed the highest significant tot. CN conc. reduction using noncomposted, air-dried (100\%), and oven-dried (82\%) digestates. Significant correlations have been found for Mg, Ca, and dissolved organic carbon elution and slightly acidic pH as well as CN adsorption. The Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed Fe-CN complexation on inorganic (K₂Mn[Feᴵᴵ(CN)₆] and NH₄Fe[Feᴵᴵ(CN)₆]) and organic constituents indicating formation of nitriles. Air- and oven-dried digestates showed the most promising results in terms of nutrients' availability and ability to decrease Fe-CN complex mobility.}, language = {en} } @misc{DietrichHirschHeinrichetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Hirsch, Florian and Heinrich, Martina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Bodenverbesserer aus Bioabfall -Potenzial aufbereiteter G{\"a}rrestprodukte aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die C-und N-Freisetzung im Boden}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 434}, abstract = {Die starke Beanspruchung unserer B{\"o}den durch intensive Landnutzung f{\"u}hrt weltweit zur stetigen Degradation der organischen Substanz in B{\"o}den, was mit einem R{\"u}ckgang des Bodenlebens und der Bodenfruchtbarkeit einhergeht. Um die Bodenfunktionen zu sch{\"u}tzen und besonders die Produktivit{\"a}t von B{\"o}den langfristig zu gew{\"a}hrleisten, bedarf es der R{\"u}ckf{\"u}hrung von organischer Substanz. Neben klassischen Strategien (Kompost/Dung/G{\"u}lle-Eintr{\"a}ge) stellen auch organische Abf{\"a}lle der Lebensmittelproduktionund -verwertung aus Industrie und privaten Haushalten einen wertvollen Rohstoff dar, der zur Anreicherung oder Wiederaufbau von Bodenhumus genutzt werden kann. Im Rahmen des von der ILB gef{\"o}rderten EFRE-StaF-Projektes G{\"a}rprodukte aus Bioabf{\"a}llen f{\"u}r die Landwirtschaft als Element einer nachhaltigen Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft und Energiebereitstellung soll das Potenzial bewertet werden, das mittels Rollagglomeration hergestellte G{\"a}rrestpellets besitzen, um Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff in B{\"o}den anreichern zu k{\"o}nnen.Dar{\"u}ber hinaus soll die Technologie der Pelletherstellung optimiert werden, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der gezielten Zugabe von organischen und mineralischen Zuschlagsstoffen liegt. Untersucht werden G{\"a}rreste aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung (Pfropfenstromfermenter) mit einer nachgelagerten Kompostierung im Labor-Technikum unter Zugabe von Zuschlagsstoffen (Melasse, Holzkohle, Bentonit, etc.) bei der Pelletierung. Das Abbauverhalten der so hergestellten G{\"a}rrestpellets im Boden wird mit Hilfe eines S{\"a}ulenversuchs unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Bodenart, Ausbringtiefe, Ausbringmenge, Boden-pH, Bodenfeuchte, Perkolationsrate, Temperatur, etc. betrachtet. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Freisetzung von Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff sowohl im Eluat als auch in der Bodenluft. Bisherige Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die G{\"a}rreste durch Pelletierung deutlich abbaustabiler werden und der Abbau der G{\"a}rrestpellets durch die Zuschlagsstoffe gezielt beeinflusst werden kann. Des Weiteren besitzen die pelletierten G{\"a}rreste verbesserte Lager-, Transport-und Applikationseigenschaften, die besonders bei der {\"o}konomischen Bewertung des Produkts sich als positiv darstellen.}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschBonhageBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Genese rubefizierter B{\"o}den in Mitteleuropa -multifaktorieller S{\"a}ulenversuch und feldbodenkundliche Kartierung}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 438}, abstract = {Rubefizierte B{\"o}den wie die f{\"u}r Nordostdeutschland beschriebenen ‚Fuchserden' (WRB: Rhodic Brunic Arenosols oder Chromic Brunic Arenosols) sind nicht nur ein lokales Ph{\"a}nomen. Auch wenn die Genese der ‚Fuchserden' bisher nicht abschließend gekl{\"a}rt ist, so widerlegt deren Vorkommen auf post-LGM zeitlichen Sedimenten eine pr{\"a}-pleistoz{\"a}ne Bodenbildung. Des Weiteren zeigen die bisherigen Untersuchungen in Nordostdeutschland und Polen, dass Fuchserden nicht durch in-situ Verwitterung entstanden sind, sondern dassdie rubefizierten Horizonte durch eine allochthone Anreicherung von Eisen entstanden sind und somit das Relief ein wesentlicher bodenbildender Faktor ist. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus scheint die Textur f{\"u}r die laterale Verlagerung bzw. Anreicherung immanent f{\"u}r die Genese der Fuchserden zu sein, da rubefizierte Horizonte zumindest auf den untersuchten Standorten in Nordostdeutschland bisher ausschließlich auf sandigem Substrat anzutreffen sind. Um die f{\"u}r die Genese der Fuchserden relevanten physiogeographischen und pedochemischen Parameter zu identifizieren, soll mittels einer Kombination aus feldbodenkundlicher Kartierung und nachgestellten S{\"a}ulenversuchen im Labor die Bildung von Fuchserden unter kontrollierten Bedingungen untersucht werden. Hierf{\"u}r werden neben bekannten Profilen bisher nicht weiter beschriebene Standorte mit Fuchserden feldbodenkundlich aufgenommen, um eine gr{\"o}ßere Breite naturr{\"a}umlicher Daten bzw. verschiedener Entstehungsbedingungen zu erhalten. Varianten mit unterschiedlichen physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Ausgangssubstraten sowie Reliefpositionen bilden die Basis f{\"u}r einen mehrfaktoriellen S{\"a}ulenversuch, der unter naturnahen Bedingungen in der Klimakammer stattfindet. Derzeit laufende Vorversuche zeigen, dass eine Ausf{\"a}llung r{\"o}tlicher Eisenoxiden aus eisenhaltigen L{\"o}sungen im Kapillarbereich sandiger Substrate bereits innerhalb weniger Wochen stattfindet und die Entstehung von rubefizierten Horizonten in Fuchserden m{\"o}glicherweise durch die Anlieferung eisenhaltiger L{\"o}sungen limitiert ist.}, language = {de} } @misc{SutLohmannJonczakRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Jonczak, Jerzy and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Phytofiltration of chosen metals by aquarium liverwort (Monosoleum tenerum)}, series = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}, volume = {Vol. 188}, journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}, issn = {1090-2414}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109844}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Aquatic bryophytes are widely used as indicators of water pollution with various substances, including metals. We present a first study concerning the feasibility of Monosoleum tenerum to remove potentially toxic metals Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe from water. The novel approach to study the bioaccumulation under controlled conditions and in vitro grown aquarium liverworts was applied. The plants were exposed to 1, 10 and 100 ppm multi-metal solution for 7 days and subsequently the metal content was determined in plant material and media to calculate the bioaccumulation factor (BAF). The study revealed various accumulation behavior (metal and dose dependent), which followed the order of Cu > Zn > Mn > Ni > Fe for 1 ppm; Zn > Cu > Mn > Fe > Ni for 10 ppm and Cu > Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn for 100 ppm solution. However, with increasing Cu, Mn and Ni concentration in the solution, BAF decreased. For Zn the highest BAF value (136) was obtained for the 10 ppm solution. Fe bioaccumulation increased with the increasing solution concentration. After 7 week exposure, the results indicated highest accumulation of Cu (3,25 mg) followed by Fe (1,8 mg) in the plant tissue for the 100 ppm solution. Overall, the bryophyte M. tenerum demonstrate high potential for the removal of toxic metals from the multi-metal solution via accumulation in plant tissue. The BAF values were proper to indicate the use of M. tenerum for phytofiltration of waste waters affected by Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn and Fe.}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanRaabHirsch, author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Distribution of silty mantles in soils of the Northcentral Appalachians, USA}, series = {Catena}, volume = {194}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.104701}, pages = {15}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannJonczakParzychetal., author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Jonczak, Jerzy and Parzych, Agnieszka and Šimansk{\´y}, Vladim{\´i}r and Poll{\´a}kov{\´a}, Nora and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Accumulation of airborne potentially toxic elements in Pinus sylvestris L. bark collected in three Central European medium-sized cities}, series = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}, volume = {200}, journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety}, issn = {0147-6513}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110758}, pages = {11}, language = {en} } @misc{JonczakJankiewiczKondrasetal., author = {Jonczak, Jerzy and Jankiewicz, Ursula and Kondras, Marek and Kruczkowska, Bogusława and Oktaba, Lidia and Oktaba, Jarosław and Olejniczak, Izabella and Pawłowicz, Edyta and Poll{\´a}kov{\´a}, Nora and Raab, Thomas and Regulska, Edyta and Słowińska, Sandra and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena}, title = {The influence of birch trees (Betula spp.) on soil environment - A review}, series = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {477}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, issn = {0378-1127}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118486}, pages = {13}, language = {en} } @misc{EltaherBonhageRaabetal., author = {Eltaher, Mahmoud and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Breuß, Michael}, title = {A modified Mask R-CNN approach for automated detection of archaeological sites on high resolution LiDAR-derived DEMs}, series = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, journal = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, publisher = {Cottbus}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5363}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-53633}, pages = {50}, language = {en} } @misc{KlosSutLohmannRaabetal., author = {Klos, Friederike and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Innovative Drone-based Hyperspectral Detection of Heavy Metals (Ni, Zn, and Cu) in Plants cultivated for Phytomining}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9370}, language = {en} } @misc{SutLohmannKnoopRaab, author = {Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effect of drying, composing and pelletizing of biowaste-based digestates on providing water soluble nutrients and stabilizing iron-cyanide (Fe-CN) complexes}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-8013}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschMatvejevaDietrichetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Matvejeva, Agne and Dietrich, Nils and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Cultivation of industrial hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19138}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanRaabHirsch, author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {The presence of silty mantles in Northcentral Appalachian, USA soils and their relevance to pedology}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5661}, language = {en} } @misc{DietrichWilkinsonHirschetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Wilkinson, Daniel and Hirsch, Florian and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Geschke, Antonia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Microplastics and earthworms in soils: A case study on translocation, toxicity and fate}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7430}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabBłaszkiewicz, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław}, title = {Evidence for an alternative concept of the Finow soil formation}, series = {Catena}, volume = {198}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0008-7769}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.105064}, pages = {14}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanBayuzickDiefenbachetal., author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Bayuzick, Samuel and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Northern Appalachian, USA relic charcoal hearths and their unique Ecological Fingerprint}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13618}, language = {en} }