@inproceedings{SchneiderBonhageHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Spatial and temporal variability of soil physical properties on legacies of historic charcoal production}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The spatial variability of soil physical properties on the landscape scale is often increased by anthropogenic land occupation, not only by current land use but also through the legacies of past land use systems. The remains of historic charcoal hearts are an example for such a disturbance of the soil landscape by former forestry. Such relict charcoal hearths (RCH) exhibit a clearly altered soil stratigraphy, most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer on the soil surface, and their soil physical properties can considerably differ from those of surrounding forest soils. The aim of our study is to characterize the soil water and temperature regime on RHC in a pre-industrial charcoal production area in Brandenburg, Germany, as compared with the surrounding sandy forest soils. Soil properties were analyzed in profiles on and around hearth sites and are monitored in a sensor transect equipped with soil moisture sensors and pF-meters. Results of soil sample analyses show differences in density and porosity between the RCH soils and surrounding forest soils, not only in the technogenic layer but also in the buried soil layers on hearth sites. The soil water characteristic curves determined in the laboratory indicate a modified pore size distribution and lower plant available water contents in the RCH soils. Preliminary results of the ongoing soil water monitoring, however, show increased soil wetness in the RCH soils, along with lower soil moisture tensions. Furthermore, the measurements show higher variations of soil temperature in RCH soils. The results affirm that the legacies of historic charcoal production can increase the spatial variability of soil physical properties and therefore also of ecological site conditions in forest areas. The results of soil moisture monitoring suggest that a determination of soil physical parameters in the laboratory is not sufficient to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of the soil water regime.}, language = {en} } @incollection{TaklaRaabRaab, author = {Takla, Melanie and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Mit dem GIS zur Landschaftsgeschichte. Datengrundlage und Forschungsansatz zum Modell der fr{\"u}hindustriellen Holzkohleproduktion in der J{\"a}nschwalder Heide}, series = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2009/2010}, booktitle = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2009/2010}, editor = {Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgisches Landesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Landesmuseum}, address = {W{\"u}nsdorf}, isbn = {978-3-910011-73-1}, pages = {267 -- 273}, language = {de} } @incollection{RoeslerBoenischSchopperetal., author = {R{\"o}sler, Horst and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard and Schopper, Franz and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Pre-industrial Carcoal Production in southern Brandenburg and its impact on the environment}, series = {Landscape Archaeology between Art and Science}, booktitle = {Landscape Archaeology between Art and Science}, editor = {Kluiving, Sjoerd and Guttmann-Bond, Erika}, publisher = {Amsterdam University Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {978-90-8964-418-3}, pages = {167 -- 178}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Bonhage, Alexander and M{\"u}ller, Frank and Heußner, Karl-Uwe and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Reconstructing anthropogenic landscape transformation in the surroundings of the ironwork Peitz (SE Brandenburg, Germany) - 16th to mid-19th centuries}, series = {4th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, Uppsala, 22nd - 25th August 2016}, booktitle = {4th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, Uppsala, 22nd - 25th August 2016}, publisher = {Department of archaeology and ancient history, Uppsala university,}, address = {Uppsala}, pages = {S. 152}, abstract = {Various sources provide information about land use history and landscape transformation. For a variety of reasons, the quality of information differs and is often discontinuous or incomplete. In this interdisciplinary study we take advantage of comprehensive archaeological data gathered by large-scale excavations that were necessary because of opencast lignite mining in Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany. By using a GIS we integrate these archaeological findings with results from archival and literature studies, from historical maps, from landforms and soils as well as from analyses of shaded-relief maps derived from up-to-date LiDAR data. The long-term aim is to develop a palaeoenvironmental model and thus to reconstruct landscape changes caused by human activities. The focus of the study is the Peitz ironwork in SE Brandenburg, which was a large consumer of commodities for about 300 years. During the time it operated, extensive transformations are supposed to have affected the landscape in the vicinity because of wood consumption and especially charcoal production. Digital datasets about forested areas for different timespans reconstructed from historical maps were made available. In combination with dendrochronological dating of charred trees, the spatiotemporal dimension of charcoal kilns was determined. Also, sites of former bog iron ore mining could be identified. Moreover, the different sources contain further information about other forms of land uses such as agriculture, pastoralism and even viticulture. In conclusion we can highlight that the mosaic of past land use systems is different from the modern structure but that major changes in the forests have been retained.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TaklaRaabRaab, author = {Takla, Melanie and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Standort 4 - Eisenh{\"u}ttenwerk Peitz. Die fr{\"u}hindustrielle K{\"o}hlerei in der J{\"a}nschwalder Heide (Niederlausitz). Eine GIS-basierte Rekonstruktion des Wald- und Landschaftszustandes mithilfe historischer Karten ab dem 18. Jahrhundert}, series = {Tagungsband und Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie- Jahrestagung 2013, 2.-4.5.2013, BTU Cottbus}, booktitle = {Tagungsband und Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie- Jahrestagung 2013, 2.-4.5.2013, BTU Cottbus}, editor = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Schopper, Franz and Freytag, Klaus}, publisher = {BTU Cottbus}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {89 -- 97}, abstract = {Die hier vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Rekonstruktion der Landschafts- und Umweltgeschichte mithilfe Geographischer Informationssysteme (GIS) und historischer Karten. In einem Modell sollen die r{\"a}umliche Dimension der K{\"o}hlerei, der damit verbundene Holzverbrauch, der Zustand der W{\"a}lder, die vorhandene Infrastruktur etc. errechnet und dargestellt werden. Zeitlicher Schwerpunkt ist die zweite H{\"a}lfte des 18. Jahrhunderts und die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TaklaRaabRaab, author = {Takla, Melanie and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Die fr{\"u}hindustrielle K{\"o}hlerei in der J{\"a}nschwalder Heide (Tagebau J{\"a}nschwalde, Niederlausitz). Eine GIS-basierte Rekonstruktion des Wald- und Landschaftszustandes mithilfe historischer Karten ab dem 18. Jahrhundert}, series = {Tagungsband und Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie - Jahrestagung 2013, 2.-4.5.2013, BTU Cottbus}, booktitle = {Tagungsband und Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie - Jahrestagung 2013, 2.-4.5.2013, BTU Cottbus}, editor = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Schopper, Franz and Freytag, Klaus}, publisher = {BTU Cottbus}, address = {Cottbus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-40619}, pages = {S. 47}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RaabNaethHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Naeth, M. Anne and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Contributing towards a conceptual model of soil-landscape co-evolution: observations from historic mining sites in Alberta, Canada}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {At the former Diplomat Mine near Forestburg, Alberta, Canada we find a diverse soil landscape which can help to conceptualize factors and processes controlling initial pedogenesis and soil distribution on very young landforms in prairie environments. Due to differing reclamation practices in the 1950s and landslides occurring after spoil dumping, four areas can be distinguished by GoogleMaps/LiDAR evaluation and onsite field survey: (i) not-mined, (ii) stock piled and unreclaimed, (iii) stock piled and reclaimed and (iv) affected by post-mining geomorphodynamics and quasi-natural redeposition. The parent material for areas (ii) to (iv) was initially dumped by spreaders but only (ii) didn't undergo further change. Landscape (iii) has seen levelling of the piles by heavy machinery. Features of landscape (iv) are formed by reshaping the originally dumped and levelled structures. This last landscape unit marks the rim of the former mine adjacent to the river valley. In practice, mining activities formed new valley slopes. In contrast to the naturally developed slopes the mine slopes were less stable. Vegetation, which could have hindered slope wash erosion, was missing after dumping the spoil slopes. Slopes were very steep (or practically undercut) and therefore, substrates were naturally re-located by mass movements such as sliding and slumping. Characteristic sliding and slumping structures can be identified in the close-ups of the LiDAR images. Both processes, mass movement and slope wash erosion, may have overlapped. Landscape (ii) is the most contrasting one. Dumped stock piles formed elongated, curved and steep ridges. These landforms do not have a natural analogue but clearly show their technological origin. Most interesting are differences in vegetation. South and southwest facing slopes are covered with grassland whereas north and northeast facing slopes are covered with aspen trees. Some of the ditches are filled with water and form small elongated ponds. The characteristic geomorphology of the prairie can be found in landscape (i). Distinct differences are found in properties and types of soils in these four landscapes. Natural soils and pile soils characteristically differ in parent material and soil horizons. No information is gathered yet for the reclaimed soils and the landslides soils due to prohibited access. However, based on what we find at the former Diplomat Mine we can conclude that distribution, development and properties of unreclaimed soils in historical open cast mines in Alberta are primarily controlled by parent material and topography. The geomorphological set-up is dominating the trajectory of vegetation development and post-mining geomorphodynamics. Contrasting slope aspects determine micro climatic conditions and lead to different vegetation types. This has likely had an effect on soil development and soil properties (especially carbon stocks). Further studies will be conducted to quantify these differing soil properties to refine this conceptual model of initial pedogenesis and soil distribution on very young landforms in the prairie landscapes.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschSchneiderNicolayetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Nicolay, Alexander and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Quaternary landscape development at the margin of the Pomeranian phase (MIS 2) near Lake Wygonin (Northern Poland)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschSchneiderRaabetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Buras, Allan and Maaten, Ernst van der and Takla, Melanie and R{\"a}biger, Christin and Cruz-Garc{\´i}a, Roberto and Wilmking, Martin}, title = {Effects of historic charcoal burning on soil properties}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BurasHirschMaatenetal., author = {Buras, Allan and Hirsch, Florian and Maaten, Ernst van der and Takla, Melanie and R{\"a}biger, Christin and Cruz-Garc{\´i}a, Roberto and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin}, title = {Charcoal kiln relicts - a favorable site for tree growth?}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TaklaMuellerRoesleretal., author = {Takla, Melanie and M{\"u}ller, Frank and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Forestry and charcoal burning in the vicinity of the ironwork Peitz (South Brandenburg, Germany) - What do we know from historical and archaeological data?}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The former royal forest districts around Peitz (South Brandenburg, Germany) were used to produce charcoal for the ironwork Peitz (1554 to 1856). More than 800 archaeologically excavated ground plans of charcoal kilns give evidence of the burning activity in the study area "J{\"a}nschwalde Heide" which is only a small part of the whole forest district. The study area in the apron of the active lignite mine J{\"a}nschwalde comprises the royal forest "J{\"a}nschwalder Heide" and the surrounding community forests. Our study approach combines archaeological research, a GIS-based approach (historical maps, airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, etc.) and archival studies.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderTaklaNicolayetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Quantitative analysis of anthropogenic relief features: automated mapping of charcoal kiln sites from high-resolution ALS data}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {High-resolution digital elevation data from airborne laser scanning (ALS) allow for identification and mapping of so far unknown small-scale relief features that are hidden by forest cover. Especially as a result of historic land use, small anthropogenic landforms can occur, e.g., remains of charcoal kilns on sites that were used for charcoal production or ridge and furrow systems in former farmland areas. Mapping such relief features and analyzing their spatial distribution patterns can help to understand past land-use systems and their effects on landscapes. To efficiently detect and quantify small-scale relief features from high-resolution DEMs for larger areas, (semi-) automated mapping routines are required.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TaklaMuellerRoesleretal., author = {Takla, Melanie and M{\"u}ller, Frank and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Forestry and charcoal burning in the vicinity of the ironwork Peitz (South Brandenburg, Germany) - What do we know from historical and archaeological data?}, series = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, booktitle = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, editor = {Schwab, Markus J. and Theuerkauf, Martin and Brauer, Achim and Wilmking, Martin and Lampe, Reinhard}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028}, pages = {51}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderTaklaNicolayetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Automated detection of small-scale anthropogenic relief features from high-resolution ALS-data}, series = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, booktitle = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, editor = {Schwab, Markus J. and Theuerkauf, Martin and Brauer, Achim and Wilmking, Martin and Lampe, Reinhard}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b103-14028}, pages = {S. 49}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NicolayRaabRaab, author = {Nicolay, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Evidence pf (pre-) historic to modern landscape development and land use history in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany)}, series = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, booktitle = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, editor = {Schwab, Markus J. and Theuerkauf, Martin and Brauer, Achim and Wilmking, Martin and Lampe, Reinhard}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028}, pages = {47}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschNicolayPoetzschetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and P{\"o}tzsch, Bastian and Fritzsche, Marie and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Influence of charcoal burning induced pyrolysis on soils}, series = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, booktitle = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, editor = {Schwab, Markus J. and Theuerkauf, Martin and Brauer, Achim and Wilmking, Martin and Lampe, Reinhard}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028}, pages = {41}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NicolayRaabRaab, author = {Nicolay, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Evidence of (pre-) historic to modern landscape development and land use history in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In the apron of three active lignite opencast pits in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany), archaeological survey trenches were investigated in areas where Quaternary aeolian sand deposits are widespread. The investigated palaeoenvironmental archives in J{\"a}nschwalde, Cottbus-Nord and Welzow contain evidence of fluvial and aeolian morphodynamics, soil formation and agricultural land use from (pre-)historic to modern times. To study the age and the causes of sand drifting and landform stabilization, standard soil physical and chemical laboratory analyses as well as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating (14C) were carried out. Two main sedimentological units were identified: Unit 1 consists of glacio-fluvial and Late Weichselian aeolian sands representing the parent material for the native Podsol-Braunerde and Podsol development, while Unit 2 represents the Late Holocene aeolian deposits. Four periods of Late glacial and Holocene aeolian activity and three phases of geomorphological stability have been identified: (i) Aeolian sedimentation during the Late glacial, (ii) Mesolithic reactivation of aeolian processes, (iii) soil formation until Late Roman Iron Age settlers intensified the agricultural land use, (iv) intensive drift sand formation during the High Middle Ages due to agricultural expansion, (v) stabilization of the drift sands and weak soil formation, (vi) reactivation of aeolian processes due to the increasing wood consumption and charcoal production from the early 16th until the mid-19th century, (vii) surface stabilization and formation of Regosols since the mid-19th century due to afforestation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabNicolayetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Nicolay, Alexander and Takla, Melanie and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and R{\"o}sler, Horst and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, title = {Human-induced landscape dynamics in South Brandenburg - findings from different geoarchives}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {South Brandenburg is the central part of the North European Lowland (NEL) extending as a plain landscape from the North and Baltic Sea to the foothills of the Central European Highlands and reaching from the Netherlands to Poland. Since many decades lignite opencast mines have been operating in this region which is known as the Lusatian mining district. The total land demand in Lusatia is about 852 square kilometres and mining will continue for many more years or even decades. Large-scale outcrops resulting from these mining activities are excellent archives to study the younger Earth's history. The scope of our research in open cast mines is to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development and to distinguishing natural from anthropogenic forcing and processes. In more detail, the aims are to identify and to quantify the impact of past land uses, i.e. changes of vegetation, landforms and soils induced by agriculture and/or forestry. Here, we are presenting latest results from our research and review important findings giving novel insights into man-induced environmental changes in Lusatia within the past thousands years and thus improving the general understanding of Late Quaternary landscape dynamics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschNicolayPoetzschetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and P{\"o}tzsch, Bastian and Fritzsche, Marie and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Influence of charcoal burning induced pyrolysis on soils}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In Lusatia, Northeastern Germany, the production of ironware between the 16th and 19th century left behind a remarkable amount of charcoal kilns in the forests north of Cottbus. Remote sensing surveys, underpinned by archaeological studies, show that charcoal was gained around Cottbus from several thousand charcoal kilns which had internal diameters up to 20 m. For the study site with 35 km2 area, the until now prospected total ground area below the charcoal kilns which was potentially affected by the pyrolysis is about 0,5 km2. Historic data indicates that the pyrolysis in the charcoal kiln took up to several weeks, for the kilns with a diameter of 20 m about 20 days. To characterize the depth of thermal alteration of soils below the kiln our current focus is on the differentiation of the iron hydroxides by small-scale vertical analysis of soil profiles.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabFrantiucBrademannetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Frantiuc, Alexandru and Brademann, Brian and Ott, Florian and Hirsch, Florian and Brauer, Achim and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Proxies of pre-industrial charcoal production and land use in lake sediments from South Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {During the last decades, archaeological research has revealed that large-scale charcoal burning was carried out in Lower Lusatia (South Brandenburg) situated within the North Germany Lowland. From the 17th to the 19th century, charcoal was mainly produced for the ironwork in Peitz. Within the framework of the ICLEA project lake sediments from two lakes, Byhleguhrer See and Großsee, are investigated to study the impact of pre-industrial charcoal production on the environment.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NicolaySchulzRaabetal., author = {Nicolay, Alexander and Schulz, Deborah and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Landscape and soil development in Lower Lusatia - results from archaeological and soil-geomorphological investigations on a small dune field nearby J{\"a}nschwalde (Brandenburg, Germany)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Within the apron of the opencast mine J{\"a}nschwalde (SE Brandenburg, Germany) archaeological excavations on a multiple populated small dune were complemented with soil-geomorphological investigations in the vicinity. Archaeological findings in the dune stratigraphy (especially cremation graves) are intercalated within aeolian sediments and/or buried soils and thus give a record of the Late Quaternary geomorphodynamic and soil development.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschBonhageBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Gypser, Stella}, title = {The occurrence, soil parameters and genesis of rubified soils ('Fuchserden') of northeastern Germany}, series = {Catena}, volume = {175}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0008-7769}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2018.11.039}, pages = {77 -- 92}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabTaklaetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard and R{\"o}sler, H.}, title = {B{\"o}den als Archive der Landschaftsgeschichte im Vorfeld des Tagebaus J{\"a}nschwalde}, series = {Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 2011, September 2011, Berlin, Potsdam}, journal = {Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft 2011, September 2011, Berlin, Potsdam}, publisher = {Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft}, address = {Oldenburg}, pages = {84 -- 96}, language = {de} } @incollection{RaabRaab, author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Imapcts of Early Land Use and Mining on River Landscapes}, series = {World Heritage and Cultural Diversity}, booktitle = {World Heritage and Cultural Diversity}, editor = {Offenh{\"a}ußer, Dieter and Zimmerli, Walther Ch. and Albert, Marie-Theres}, publisher = {German Comm. for UNESCO}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-940785-20-6}, pages = {245 -- 261}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderRaabRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Soils of former field systems in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany}, doi = {10.17632/59932w7yct.1}, abstract = {Analytical data for bulk soil samples from former field system and reference areas in forests of Northeastern Bavaria, Germany. Profile samples taken following soil horizons, transect samples taken in fixed 10 cm depth ranges.}, language = {en} } @incollection{RaabVoelkel, author = {Raab, Alexandra and V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Holocene soil development and pedgenic clay mineral transformation in Luvisols with different development ages at the Viereckschanze of Poign (Central Bavaria, Germany)}, series = {Archaeology, Soil- and Life-Sciences Applied to Enclosures and Fields, Proceedings of the Session 'From microprobe to spatial analysis - Enclosed and buried surfaces as key sources in Archaeology and Pedology'}, booktitle = {Archaeology, Soil- and Life-Sciences Applied to Enclosures and Fields, Proceedings of the Session 'From microprobe to spatial analysis - Enclosed and buried surfaces as key sources in Archaeology and Pedology'}, editor = {Fechner, Kai and Devos, Y. and Leopold, M. and V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg}, publisher = {British Archaeological Reports}, address = {Oxford}, pages = {121 -- 131}, language = {en} } @incollection{NicolayRaab, author = {Nicolay, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Sedimentabfolge und -merkmale eines Aufschlusses der Dryas-Fundstelle Dissenchen 18}, series = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2011/2012}, booktitle = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier 2011/2012}, publisher = {Brandenburgisches Landesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Landesmuseum}, address = {W{\"u}ndsdorf}, isbn = {978-3-910011-85-4}, pages = {177 -- 178}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageSchneiderRaab, author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Auf den Spuren der K{\"o}hlermeister Brandenburgs}, series = {arcAKTUELL}, journal = {arcAKTUELL}, number = {3}, issn = {1617-8394}, pages = {45}, language = {de} } @incollection{DeckersEckmeierFrenzeletal., author = {Deckers, Katleen and Eckmeier, Eileen and Frenzel, Peter and Fritzsch, Dagmar and Langan, Carolin and Leierer, Lucia and Metzner, Susan M. and Pint, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Riehl, Simone and R{\"o}pke, Astrid and Schl{\"u}tz, Frank and Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila S. and Wiedner, Katja}, title = {Analysemethoden}, series = {Geoarch{\"a}ologie}, booktitle = {Geoarch{\"a}ologie}, editor = {Stolz, Christian and Miller, Christopher E.}, publisher = {Springer Spektrum}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-62774-7_15}, pages = {287 -- 335}, abstract = {Die Geoarch{\"a}ologie verf{\"u}gt {\"u}ber ein {\"a}ußerst breites und stetig wachsendes Spektrum an Analysemethoden, die sowohl im Labor als auch im Gel{\"a}nde angewandt werden. Das Kapitel stellt alle gebr{\"a}uchlichen Methoden vor und soll insbesondere Nachwuchswissenschaftlern als Werkzeugkasten dienen. Zun{\"a}chst liegt der Fokus auf den bodenkundlich-geomorphologischen Standardmethoden, wie Korngr{\"o}ßenanalyse (Bodenart), Bodenfarbe, Gehalt an organischer Substanz, Carbonatgehalt, Bodenreaktion (pH) und vielf{\"a}ltigen Multielement-Analysen zur L{\"o}sung verschiedener Fragestellungen. F{\"u}r die Pal{\"a}oumweltforschung haben die Pollenanalyse sowie die Analyse von Nichtpollen-Palynomorphen (NPP) schon seit vielen Jahrzehnten eine große Bedeutung. F{\"u}r gr{\"o}ßere biogene Reste stehen die Makrorestanalyse und die Anthrakologie zur Untersuchung von Holzkohlen zur Verf{\"u}gung. Weiterhin beschreibt das Kapitel die Methode der Mikromorphologie (D{\"u}nnschliffe), die Analyse von Biomarkern und stabilen Isotopen sowie die Bestimmung und Einordnung von Foraminiferen und Ostrakoden aus aquatischen {\"O}kosystemen. Beschrieben werden außerdem Ans{\"a}tze zu Phytolithen und Messungen mithilfe der Fourier-Tranformations-Infrarotspektrometrie (FTIR).}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabTaklaNicolayetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Heußner, Karl-Uwe and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, title = {Pre-industrial charcoal production in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany): Detection and evaluation of a large charcoal-burning field by combining archaeological studies, GIS-based analyses of shaded-relief maps and dendrochronological age determination}, series = {Quaternary International}, volume = {Vol. 367}, journal = {Quaternary International}, doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.041}, pages = {111 -- 122}, abstract = {In pre-industrial times, charcoal burning was a common source of energy across Europe. Charcoal production and its related consequences for the upland environment are well known due to historical and palaeoenvironmental research. In recent years, awareness has grown regarding the use of woods in the lowlands for charcoal production. In the last 20 years, a large charcoal-burning field in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, North German Lowlands) was discovered by systematic archaeological excavations of the opencast mine of J{\"a}nschwalde. However, the excavations are limited to the mine, which only covers a portion of the J{\"a}nschwalder Heide and the surrounding forests. In this paper, we present the results of our study regarding the spatial extension and timing of charcoal production in the J{\"a}nschwalder Heide and its surrounding areas. We applied a combined approach using archaeological research results, GIS-analyses of shaded-relief maps (SRMs) and tree-ring dating of selected charcoal kiln remains. Approximately 900 excavated charcoal kiln ground plans were analysed, which provided a solid data basis for our GIS analyses. For an extensive evaluation, we enlarged our study area beyond the limits of the lignite mine. We identified and digitised the remains of the charcoal kilns by creating SRMs from digital elevation models (DEMs) that were based on high-resolution airborne laser scanning data (ALS). The data from the excavated and digitised charcoal kiln remains were analysed in terms of their sizes and spatial distributions. In addition, the dendrochronological ages of 16 selected charcoal kiln remains were determined. This study shows that charcoal production was more extensive than initially proven by archaeological excavations. The remains of more than 5000 charcoal kilns were detected on the SRMs across an area that was twice as large as the excavated charcoal-burning field. In the J{\"a}nschwalder Heide, considerably more charcoal kiln relicts exist compared with the surrounding communal areas. Furthermore, the charcoal kiln remains in the J{\"a}nschwalder Heide have larger diameters, suggesting large-scale charcoal production for supplying energy to the nearby ironworks at Peitz. However, the charcoal production on the communal land was most likely for local crafts. The ages of the charcoal kiln remains indicated that charcoal production occurred between the 17th and 19th centuries, corresponding with the main period of charcoal burning. Overall, our study suggested that charcoal production sites are underestimated in the modern landscapes of the North German Lowlands.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabSchneiderBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Takla, Melanie and Hirsch, Florian and M{\"u}ller, Frank and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Heußner, Karl-Uwe}, title = {Spatial analysis of charcoal kiln remains in the former royal forest district Tauer (Lower Lusatia, North German Lowlands)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Archaeological excavations have revealed more than thousand charcoal kiln remains (CKRs) in the prefield of the active opencast lignite mine J{\"a}nschwalde, situated about 150 km SE of Berlin (SE Brandenburg, Germany). The charcoal was mainly produced for the ironwork Peitz nearby, which operated from the 16th to the mid-19th centuries. In a first approach, to estimate the dimension of the charcoal production, CKRs were mapped on shaded-relief maps (SRMs) derived from high-resolution LiDAR data (Raab et al. 2015). Subsequently, for a selected test area, identified CKRs on the SRMs were compared with archaeologically excavated CKRs in the field. This survey showed a considerably number of falsely detected sites. Therefore, the data was critically re-evaluated using additional relief visualisations. Further, we extended the CKR mapping to areas which are not archaeologically investigated. The study area, the former royal forest district Tauer, consists of two separate areas: the Tauersche Heide (c. 96 km2 area) N of Peitz and the area J{\"a}nschwalde (c. 32 km2 area) NE of Peitz. The study area is characterized by a flat topography. Different former and current anthropogenic uses (e.g., military training, solar power plant, forestry measures) have affected the study area, resulting in extensive disturbances of the terrain surface. The revised CKR abundance in the study area J{\"a}nschwalde was considerably smaller than the numbers produced by our first approach. Further, the CKR mapping revealed, that a total record of the CKRs is not possible for various reasons. Despite these limitations, a solid database can be provided for a much larger area than before. Basic statistic parameters of the CKR diameters and all comparative statistical tests were calculated using SPSS. To detect underlying spatial relationships in the CKR site distribution, we applied the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, a method to test for local spatial autocorrelation between neighbouring sites. The test is available as part of the ArcGis 10.1 spatial statistics toolbox. The outcomes are discussed in consideration of our archaeological, archival and dendrochronological research results.}, language = {en} }