@misc{UrbigReifLengsfeldetal., author = {Urbig, Diemo and Reif, Karina and Lengsfeld, Stephan and Procher, Vivien D.}, title = {Promoting or Preventing Entrepreneurship? Employers' perceptions of and reactions to employees' entrepreneurial side jobs}, series = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, volume = {172}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, issn = {0040-1625}, doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121032}, abstract = {Many entrepreneurs start their businesses while staying employed. Although such businesses are theorized to have positive and negative effects on employers' businesses, employers' perceptions and reactions to subordinates' entrepreneurial side businesses are mostly unexplored. Based on a vignette study of 988 managers, we find that employers acknowledge both opportunities related to increased job performance and job attitudes as well as threats emerging from enterprising employees. Employers' prior experiences with enterprising employees make them perceive positive consequences as more likely. Situational factors affect the outcome expectancies and moderate the relationships between these outcome expectancies and employer behavior. We discuss implications of our findings for fostering entrepreneurial mindsets in established organizations and for the emergence of entrepreneurship.}, language = {en} } @misc{UrbigReifLengsfeldetal., author = {Urbig, Diemo and Reif, Karina and Lengsfeld, Stephan and Procher, Vivien D.}, title = {Employers' reactions to employees' hybrid entrepreneurship}, series = {Frontiers of entrepreneurship research 2021 : proceedings of the forty-first annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference}, journal = {Frontiers of entrepreneurship research 2021 : proceedings of the forty-first annual Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference}, publisher = {Arthur M. Blank Center for Entrepreneurship}, address = {Babson Park, Massachusetts}, isbn = {978-0-910897-47-1}, pages = {109 -- 114}, abstract = {Many entrepreneurs start their businesses while being employed. We analyze managers' perceptions of and reactions to subordinates' entrepreneurial side businesses. Expecting improved personal skills, higher innovativeness, higher efficiency, and a better employer image leads to more positive employer reactions. Previous experiences with enterprising employees make managers perceive such positive consequences as more likely. Expectations of employees using employer resources for own businesses, lower resilience and flexibility, and a lowered fit of employees with the employing organization lead to more discouraging behaviors. Situational factors such as employee importance and proximity of employee's and employer's businesses affect these outcome expectancies and moderate the relationships between outcome expectancies and employers' behaviors.}, language = {en} }