@inproceedings{CaviedesVoulliemeMartı́nezArandaFernandezPatoetal., author = {Caviedes-Voullieme, Daniel and Mart{\i}́nez-Aranda, Sergio and Fern{\´a}ndez-Pato, Javier and Garc{\´i}a-Palac{\´i}n, Ignacio and Garc{\´i}a-Navarro, Pilar}, title = {Measuring 2D transient shallow water surfaces: raising the benchmark challenges for 2D shallow water solvers}, series = {M³ - Messen, Modellieren, Managen in Hydrologie und Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Beitr{\"a}ge zum Tag der Hydrologie am 22./23. M{\"a}rz 2018 an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Dresden}, booktitle = {M³ - Messen, Modellieren, Managen in Hydrologie und Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Beitr{\"a}ge zum Tag der Hydrologie am 22./23. M{\"a}rz 2018 an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Dresden}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tze, Niels and M{\"u}ller, Uwe and Schwarze, Robert and W{\"o}hling, Thomas and Grundmann, Jens}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Dresden}, pages = {S. 23}, abstract = {In the past decade, shallow water (SW) solvers have been dramatically improved both in terms of accuracy and computational power. The mathematical, numerical and computational improvements available in state-of-the-art solvers now allow for large scale, long term, high resolution simulations of river flooding, flash floods, dam-break phenomena, rainfall-runoff simulation and extensions into pollutants, substance and sediment transport, etc. SW solvers have been benchmarked against a set of test cases, ubiquitious in the literature. The solvers have been systematically verified against 1D and some 2D analytical solutions and validated further against 1D and 2D laboratory experiments, as well as some well-documented real-scale field cases. However, despite the 2D nature of many of these benchmark tests, none of them report 2D water surface elevation. Typically a few profiles are measured and reported, and more often, only a few points are available. Moreover, in field cases, often not even fully transient data is available. The reason for the inavailability of 2D transient water surface data is due to the technical difficulty of measuring a (fast) moving water surface. In most of the reported experiments, pressure gauges are often used to register water depth evolution, and sometimes PIV techniques have been used to obtain velocity fields. In experimental fluid mechanics, measuring the evolution of a free surface has received little attention, as it has been mainly understood as a problem for SW flows, and more recently for free surface granular flows. In consequence, this work aims to generate a new benchmarking dataset in which 2D transient water surfaces are available for SW model developers and users to further test and challenge these models. We argue that the availability of this new data can help identify limitations in the current generation of solvers, thus laying the ground for improvements in the near future. We present laboratory-scale experimental results on steady and unsteady 2D water surfaces performed in a laboratory flume, ranging from steady transcritical flow to dam-break flows around obstacles. The transient water surface was captured using a commercial-grade RGBD sensing device which allows to capture a high-frequency succession of 3D color-coded point clouds. The channel bed can also be registered in the same manner, thus also allowing to compute the 2D transient water-depth field. Color coding also allows to easily differentiate the channel bed, sidewalls and obstacles. The result of the experimental study is a novel collection of 2D benchmark SW cases, with transient water depth and water elevation data for the entire visible flow field. Furthermore, we compare the experimental measurements to 2D shallow water simulations performed with an extensively tested state-of-the-art solver to assess the suitability of this dataset to perform as benchmark test cases and identify some potential limitations of current models.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Martı́nezArandaFernandezPatoCaviedesVoulliemeetal., author = {Mart{\i}́nez-Aranda, Sergio and Fern{\´a}ndez-Pato, Javier and Caviedes-Voulli{\`e}me, Daniel and Garc{\´i}a-Palac{\´i}n, Ignacio and Garc{\´i}a-Navarro, Pilar}, title = {Towards transient 2D experimental water surfaces: strengthening SW model validation}, series = {HIC 2018, 13th International Conference on Hydroinformatics}, booktitle = {HIC 2018, 13th International Conference on Hydroinformatics}, editor = {La Loggia, Goffredo and Freni, Gabriele and Puleo, Valeria and De Marchis, Mauro}, doi = {10.29007/qpmx}, pages = {1324 -- 1331}, abstract = {The measurement and simulation of 2D free-surface shallow flows is carried out in this work. For the experimental study a 3D-sensing device (Microsoft Kinect) is used to measure both steady and transient water surface elevation fields with different flow characteristics. This procedure provides 640x480 px resolution water surface level point clouds with a frequency ranging from 8 Hz to 30 Hz. The experimental measurements are compared with 2D finite volume simulations carried out by means of a robust and well-balanced numerical scheme able to deal with flow regime transitions and wet/dry fronts. A good agreement is found between experimental and numerical results for all the cases studied, demonstrating the capability of the RGB-D sensor to capture the water free-surface position accurately. This new experimental technique, which allows us to obtain 2D water depth fields in open- channel flows, leads to a wide range of promising capabilities in order to validate new shallow water models and to improve their accuracy and performance.}, language = {en} } @misc{Martı́nezArandaFernandezPatoCaviedesVoulliemeetal., author = {Mart{\i}́nez-Aranda, Sergio and Fern{\´a}ndez-Pato, Javier and Caviedes-Voulli{\`e}me, Daniel and Garc{\´i}a-Palac{\´i}n, Ignacio and Garc{\´i}a-Navarro, Pilar}, title = {Towards transient experimental water surfaces: A new benchmark dataset for 2D shallow water solver}, series = {Advances in Water Resources}, volume = {121}, journal = {Advances in Water Resources}, issn = {0309-1708}, doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.08.013}, pages = {130 -- 149}, abstract = {In the past decade, shallow water solvers have dramatically improved both in terms of accuracy and computational power. New mathematical models and numerical schemes have been systematically verified against 1D exact solutions and laboratory experiments. Despite the two-dimensional nature of some of these benchmark tests, none of them reports complete 2D water depth fields, but only a few profiles are measured and reported in the best case. This work reports a new benchmarking dataset for validation of shallow water solvers, in which two-dimensional transient water depth measurements are available for complex steady and transient laboratory flume experiments, ranging from transcritical steady flow to dam-break flows around obstacles and complex beds. The transient water surface was measured using a commercial-grade RGB-D sensing device which allows to capture a succession of color-coded point clouds at a high frequency. These experimental measurements are compared with 2D shallow water simulations carried out with an extensively tested finite volume solver. Results asses the suitability of this dataset to perform as benchmark tests, identifying potential limitations of current and future models.}, language = {en} } @misc{CaviedesVoulliemeMoralesHernandezJuezetal., author = {Caviedes-Voulli{\`e}me, Daniel and Morales-Hern{\´a}ndez, Mario and Juez, Carmelo and Lacasta, Asier and Garc{\´i}a-Navarro, Pilar}, title = {Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Bed-Load Transport of a Finite-Depth Sediment Layer: Applications to Channel Flushing}, series = {Journal of Hydraulic Engineering}, volume = {143}, journal = {Journal of Hydraulic Engineering}, number = {9}, issn = {0733-9429}, doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001337}, pages = {04017034}, abstract = {Numerical modeling of bed-load transport in shallow flows, particularly oriented toward environmental flows, is an active field of research. Nevertheless, other possible applications exist. In particular, bed-load transport phenomena are relevant in urban drainage systems, including sewers. However, few applications of coupled two-dimensional (2D) shallow-water and bed-load transport models can be found, and their transfer from environmental applications — usually river and floodplain — into sewer applications requires some adaptation. Unlike to river systems, where there is a thick layer of sediment that constitutes a movable riverbed, sewer systems have thin layers of sediment that need to be removed, thus exposing a rigid, nonerodible surface. This problem requires careful numerical treatment to avoid generating errors and instability in the simulation. This paper deals with a numerical approach to tackle this issue in an efficient way that allows large-scale studies to be performed and provides empirical evidence that the proposed approach is accurate and applicable for sewage and channel-flushing problems.}, language = {en} } @misc{FernandezPatoCaviedesVoulliemeGarciaNavarro, author = {Fern{\´a}ndez-Pato, Javier and Caviedes-Voulli{\`e}me, Daniel and Garc{\´i}a-Navarro, Pilar}, title = {Rainfall/runoff simulation with 2D full shallow water equations: Sensitivity analysis and calibration of infiltration parameters}, series = {Journal of Hydrology}, volume = {536}, journal = {Journal of Hydrology}, issn = {0022-1694}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.021}, pages = {496 -- 513}, abstract = {One of the most difficult issues in the development of hydrologic models is to find a rigorous source of data and specific parameters to a given problem, on a given location that enable reliable calibration. In this paper, a distributed and physically based model (2D Shallow Water Equations) is used for surface flow and runoff calculations in combination with two infiltration laws (Horton and Green-Ampt) for estimating infiltration in a watershed. This technique offers the capability of assigning a local and timedependent infiltration rate to each computational cell depending on the available surface water, soil type or vegetation. We investigate how the calibration of parameters is affected by transient distributed Shallow Water model and the complexity of the problem. In the first part of this work, we calibrate the infiltration parameters for both Horton and Green-Ampt models under flat ponded soil conditions. Then, by means of synthetic test cases, we perform a space-distributed sensitivity analysis in order to show that this calibration can be significantly affected by the introduction of topography or rainfall. In the second part, parameter calibration for a real catchment is addressed by comparing the numerical simulations with two different sets of experimental data, corresponding to very different events in terms of the rainfall volume. We show that the initial conditions of the catchment and the rainfall pattern have a special relevance in the quality of the adjustment. Hence, it is shown that the topography of the catchment and the storm characteristics affect the calibration of infiltration parameters.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LacastaCaviedesVoulliemeGarciaNavarro, author = {Lacasta, Asier and Caviedes-Voulli{\`e}me, Daniel and Garc{\´i}a-Navarro, Pilar}, title = {Application of the Adjoint Method for the Reconstruction of the Boundary Condition in Unsteady Shallow Water Flow Simulation.}, series = {Advances in Evolutionary and Deterministic Methods for Design, Optimization and Control in Engineering and Sciences. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences. Part of the Computational Methods in Applied Sciences book series (COMPUTMETHODS, volume 48)}, booktitle = {Advances in Evolutionary and Deterministic Methods for Design, Optimization and Control in Engineering and Sciences. Computational Methods in Applied Sciences. Part of the Computational Methods in Applied Sciences book series (COMPUTMETHODS, volume 48)}, editor = {Minisci, Edmondo and Vasile, Massimiliano and Periaux, Jacques and Gauger, Nicolas R. and Giannakoglou, Kyriakos C. and Quagliarella, Domenico}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-319-89986-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-89988-6}, pages = {157 -- 172}, abstract = {Hydraulic phenomena in open-channel flows are usually described by means of the shallow water equations. This hyperbolic non-linear system can be used for predictive purposes provided that initial and boundary conditions are supplied and the roughness coefficient is calibrated. When calibration is required to fully pose the problem, several strategies can be adopted. In the present work, an inverse technique, useful for any of such purposes, based on the adjoint system and gradient descent is presented. It is used to find the optimal time evolution of the inlet boundary condition required to meet the 20 measured water depth data in an experimental test case of unsteady flow on a beach. The partial differential systems are solved using an upwind finite volume scheme. Several subsets of probes were selected and the quality of the reconstructed boundary tested against the experimental results. The results show that the adjoint technique is useful and robust for these problems, and exhibits some sensitivity to the choice of probes, which can be used to properly select probes in real applications.}, language = {en} }