@incollection{TsonkovaBoehmTylkowski, author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Tylkowski, Matthias}, title = {Assessing ecosystem services provided by alley cropping systems under consideration of farm conditions and management}, series = {Novel Methods and Results of Landscape Research in Europe, Central Asia and Siberia, Vol. V Landscape Planning, Management and Rehabilitation}, booktitle = {Novel Methods and Results of Landscape Research in Europe, Central Asia and Siberia, Vol. V Landscape Planning, Management and Rehabilitation}, editor = {Sychev, Viktor G. and Mueller, Lothar}, publisher = {Russian Academy of Sciences}, address = {Moskau}, isbn = {978-5-9238-0246-7}, doi = {10.25680/3078.2018.69.72.005}, pages = {169 -- 173}, abstract = {This study assessed the provision of additional ecosystem services by two alley cropping systems for production of woody biomass located in Germany (Farm A and Farm B) as compared to conventional agricultural management. Stripes of fast growing trees in both farms were planted at different distances from each other and occupied various proportion of the agroforestry area. The results of nine indicators of soil, water and biodiversity related to ecosystem services were thus compared under consideration of different farm conditions and management. The additional provision of benefits in Farm A was expected in terms of reducing erosion by wind and reducing the risk of nitrate leaching to groundwater. In Farm B the main effect was related with improving biodiversity. The design of the tree stripes within the system affected the reduction of wind erosion as well as the improvement in biodiversity and was an essential factor determining the provision of ecosystem services by alley cropping systems.}, language = {en} } @incollection{BoehmTsonkova, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Tsonkova, Penka}, title = {Effekte des Agrarholzanbaus auf mikroklimatische Kenngr{\"o}ßen}, series = {Agrarholz - Schnellwachsende B{\"a}ume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - {\"O}kologie - Management}, booktitle = {Agrarholz - Schnellwachsende B{\"a}ume in der Landwirtschaft : Biologie - {\"O}kologie - Management}, editor = {Veste, Maik and B{\"o}hm, Christian}, publisher = {Springer Spektrum}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-662-49930-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-49931-3_11}, pages = {335 -- 389}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaBoehmHuebner, author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and H{\"u}bner, Rico}, title = {The biomass potential of existing linear woody-features in the agricultural landscape}, series = {Proceedings of the 4th European Agroforestry Conference Agroforestry as Sustainable Land Use 28-30 May 2018, Nijmegen, The Netherlands}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th European Agroforestry Conference Agroforestry as Sustainable Land Use 28-30 May 2018, Nijmegen, The Netherlands}, editor = {Ferreiro-Dom{\´i}nguez, Nuria and Mosquera-Losada, Mar{\´i}a Rosa}, address = {Santiago de Compostela}, isbn = {978-84-09-02384-4}, pages = {527 -- 531}, abstract = {Linear woody-features, such as hedgerows, windbreaks, and riparian buffer strips, composed of trees and/or shrubs are anthropogenic features, established in the past for different purposes, such as provision of field boundaries, protection from wind and supply of fuelwood. Today, they are primarily valued for their ecological benefit, while their production function has received rather little attention. This study assessed the biomass potential of existing linear woodyfeatures in a study area in southern Brandenburg, Germany. The merchantable tree volume of the measured woody-features ranged between 240 m3 ha-1 and 710 m3 ha-1, depending on the relative proportion of trees and shrubs. The results suggest that the biomass potential of linear woody-features with predominant tree proportion per hectare can be higher than this of forests. A strategy for utilising the production function of these woody-features should take into account the provision of benefits such as wind protection, habitat provision and landscape aesthetics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoehmTsonkovaZehliusEckert, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Tsonkova, Penka and Zehlius-Eckert, Wolfgang}, title = {Wie k{\"o}nnen Agroforstsysteme praktikabel in das deutsche Agrarf{\"o}rderrecht eingebunden werden?}, series = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, booktitle = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, editor = {B{\"o}hm, Christian}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-940471-27-7}, pages = {7 -- 16}, abstract = {Damit Landwirte Agroforstsysteme verst{\"a}rkt umsetzen, m{\"u}ssen Agroforstfl{\"a}chen mindestens genauso f{\"o}rderberechtigt sein wie konventionelle Ackerfruchtfl{\"a}chen. Bislang finden Agroforstsysteme im deutschen Agrarf{\"o}rderrecht jedoch keine Ber{\"u}cksichtigung. Da die Agroforstwirtschaft eine sehr komplexe Form der Landnutzung ist, muss eindeutig dargelegt werden, unter welchen Bedingungen es sich um Agroforstfl{\"a}chen handelt und wann nicht. Hierf{\"u}r ist eine Definition von Agroforstschl{\"a}gen erforderlich, die den Agrarbeh{\"o}rden eine Kontrollf{\"a}higkeit erm{\"o}glicht. Eine solche Definition, die Geh{\"o}lzkulturen und Ackerkulturen auf einem Schlag vereint, ist bislang nicht mit dem deutschen Agrarf{\"o}rderrecht vereinbar. Dennoch erscheint es sinnvoll und notwendig, dass sich in den Agrarbeh{\"o}rden, vor dem Hintergrund einer verst{\"a}rkt geforderten Multifunktionalit{\"a}t in der Landwirtschaft, mehr und mehr von sektoralen Denkmustern verabschiedet und neuen integrativen Landbausystemen zugewandt wird. Hierzu k{\"o}nnte die agrarf{\"o}rderrechtliche Implementierung von Agroforstsystemen einen wertvollen Beitrag liefern. Der folgende Aufsatz zeigt mit dem Vorschlag f{\"u}r eine Agroforstschlag-Definition einen konkreten L{\"o}sungsansatz f{\"u}r den beh{\"o}rdlichen Umgang mit dieser Bewirtschaftungsform auf.}, language = {de} } @incollection{QuinkensteinTsonkovaFreese, author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Tsonkova, Penka and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Alley Cropping with Short Rotation Coppices in the Temperate Region: A Land-use Strategy for Optimizing Microclimate, Soil Organic Carbon and Ecosystem Service Provision of Agricultural Landscapes}, series = {Agroforestry : anecdotal to modern science}, booktitle = {Agroforestry : anecdotal to modern science}, editor = {Dagar, Jagdish Chander and Tewari, Vindhya Prasad}, publisher = {Springer Nature Singapore}, address = {Singapore}, isbn = {978-981-10-7649-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3_10}, pages = {263 -- 297}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaQuinkensteinBoehmetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Selection of indicators to assess ecosystem services provided by alley cropping system}, series = {Book of abstracts of the 4th ESP Conference 2011 - Ecosystem Services: integrating Science and Practice; Workshop 1: Quantifying, mapping, and modeling of ecosystem services, held 4-7 October in Wageningen, Netherlands}, booktitle = {Book of abstracts of the 4th ESP Conference 2011 - Ecosystem Services: integrating Science and Practice; Workshop 1: Quantifying, mapping, and modeling of ecosystem services, held 4-7 October in Wageningen, Netherlands}, editor = {Burkhard, B. and Crossmann, N. and Nedkov, S.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaFreeseBoehmetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Schaller, Eberhard}, title = {Benefits provided by silvoarable agroforestry systems in the temperate region: a review}, series = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Agroforestry - Ecological Benefits of Agroforestry, 15-17 June 2011, Cottbus, Germany}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Agroforestry - Ecological Benefits of Agroforestry, 15-17 June 2011, Cottbus, Germany}, editor = {Freese, Dirk and Pittruff, N. and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian}, pages = {S. 29}, language = {en} } @misc{TsonkovaMirckBoehmetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Mirck, Jaconette and B{\"o}hm, Christian and F{\"u}tz, Bettina}, title = {Addressing farmer-perceptions and legal constraints to promote agroforestry in Germany}, series = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {92}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, number = {4}, issn = {1572-9680}, doi = {10.1007/s10457-018-0228-4}, pages = {1091 -- 1103}, abstract = {Agroforestry is receiving increasing attention in Germany because of its capacity to address some of the negative consequences of intensive agriculture. However the actual uptake and maintenance of agroforestry by farmers remains low. The aim of this study was to identify the opportunities and obstacles to agroforestry in Germany and to identify potential measures which could address the obstacles and increase agroforestry adoption. Qualitative interviews with 32 farmers indicated that the legal framework and administrative burden associated with agroforestry in Germany was a major obstacle. The farmers recognised that agroforestry provided environmental benefits, but these do not always increase farm profitability. Agroforestry was identified as a viable alternative to conventional farming systems, especially in less productive areas, not profitable when managed in a conventional way. To enhance the implementation of agroforestry the simplification of the legal framework is crucial. Modern agroforestry should be better recognized by existing policy measures providing payments for environmentally friendly farming. Ultimately, an integrated approach for environmental benefits and production objectives is required, which is based on rewarding farmers for providing ecosystem services (ESs) and a stronger public involvement in sustainable land use practices. Rewarding farmers for ESs could increase the interest in agroforestry in highly productive areas, enhancing sustainable land use in the long term.}, language = {en} } @misc{BoehmTsonkovaAlbrechtetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Tsonkova, Penka and Albrecht, Eike and Zehlius-Eckert, Wolfgang}, title = {Zur Notwendigkeit einer kontrollf{\"a}higen Definition f{\"u}r Agroforstschl{\"a}ge}, series = {Agrar- und Umweltrecht}, journal = {Agrar- und Umweltrecht}, number = {1}, issn = {0340-840X}, pages = {7 -- 12}, language = {de} } @incollection{TsonkovaBoehmHuebneretal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and H{\"u}bner, Rico and Ehritt, Julia}, title = {Managing hedgerows to optimise ecosystem services in agroforestry systems}, series = {Agroforestry for sustainable agriculture}, booktitle = {Agroforestry for sustainable agriculture}, editor = {Mosquera-Losada, Mar{\´i}a Rosa and Prabhu, Ravi}, publisher = {Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing}, address = {Cambridge}, isbn = {978-1-78676-220-7}, doi = {10.19103/AS.2018.0041.03}, pages = {39 -- 88}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaMirckBoehmetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Mirck, Jaconette and B{\"o}hm, Christian and F{\"u}tz, Bettina and Freese, Dirk}, title = {The lack of a clear definition of agroforestry hinders its acceptance in Germany}, series = {Celebrating 20 years of Agroforestry research in Europe, 3rd European Agroforestry Conference, Montpellier, 23-25 May 2016, Book of Abstracts}, booktitle = {Celebrating 20 years of Agroforestry research in Europe, 3rd European Agroforestry Conference, Montpellier, 23-25 May 2016, Book of Abstracts}, editor = {Gosme, Marie}, isbn = {978-2-87614-717-1}, pages = {259 -- 262}, abstract = {Agroforestry systems are receiving increasing attention in the temperate region due to their ability to counteract negative consequences of intensively managed agricultural fields. Examples of traditional agroforestry (AF) in central Europe are orchard meadows "Streuosbt", hedgerows "Knicks" and windbreaks. Traditional AF systems are considered to be areas of high natural and cultural value (HNCV), and as such have been recognized to support high biodiversity levels. Recently, modern AF systems which are well adapted to the current farming practices and are compatible with mechanized agriculture have emerged. Modern practices such as alley cropping system for woody biomass production (ACS), composed of strips of fast growing trees and agricultural crops grown in alleys between the tree rows, can supply market goods and environmental services at the same time (Gruenewald et al. 2007, Quinkenstein et al. 2009). However, farmers in Germany have been reluctant to implement the latter systems, because agricultural policies have limited the number of trees within agricultural systems, while the former have been in danger of abandonment throughout Europe. As a result many farmers have lost interest in AF, and those that inherited land with traditional AF systems may not recognize them as such, because they are not recognized as AF according to the EU policy. The aim of this work was to investigate familiarity with agroforestry in Germany.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaQuinkensteinBoehmetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Assessment of Carbon Sequestration in German Alley Cropping Systems}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna}, booktitle = {EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna}, address = {European Geophysical Society}, pages = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Alley cropping systems (ACS) are agroforestry practices in which perennial trees or shrubs are grown in wide rows and arable crops are cultivated in the alleys between the tree rows. Recently, ACS which integrate stripes of short rotation coppices into conventional agricultural sites have gained interest in Germany. These systems can be used for simultaneous production of crops and woody biomass which enables farmers to diversify the provision of market goods. Adding trees into the agricultural landscape creates additional benefits for the farmer and society also known as ecosystem services. An ecosystem service provided by land use systems is carbon sequestration. The literature indicates that ACS are able to store more carbon compared to agriculture and their implementation may lead to greater benefits for the environment and society. Moreover, carbon sequestration in ACS could be included in carbon trading schemes and farmers rewarded additionally for the provision of this ecosystem service. However, methods are required which are easy to use and provide reliable information regarding change in carbon sequestration with change of the land use practice. In this context, our aim was to develop a methodology to assess carbon sequestration benefit provided by ACS in Germany. Therefore, the change of carbon in both soil and biomass had to be considered. To predict the change in soil carbon our methodology combined the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the soil organic carbon balance recommended by the Association of German Agricultural Investigation and Research Centers (VDLUFA). To reflect the change in biomass carbon average annual yields were adopted. The results showed that ACS established on agricultural sites can increase the carbon stored because in the new soil-plant system carbon content is higher compared to agriculture. ACS have been recommended as suitable land use systems for marginal sites, such as post-mining areas. In such areas soil carbon usually increases at a faster initial rate compared to agricultural land which means that these areas could provide high level of carbon sequestration service in the short term. The approach will be broadened to include assessment of other ecosystem services provided by ACS in Germany which would increase the possibility to adequately compensate farmers for the supply of environmental benefits.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaFreeseQuinkensteinetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Freese, Dirk and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian}, title = {Assessment of ecosystem services provided by alley cropping systems for biomass production in Germany}, series = {1st European Agroforestry Conference 9-10 October 2012, Brussels, Book of Abstratcs}, booktitle = {1st European Agroforestry Conference 9-10 October 2012, Brussels, Book of Abstratcs}, editor = {Mosquera-Losada, Mar{\´i}a Rosa and Pantera, A. and Rosati, A. and Amaral, J. and Smith, J. and Rigueiro-Rodriguez, A. and Watt{\´e}, J. and Dupraz, Christian}, isbn = {978-84-96351-79-0}, pages = {60}, abstract = {Alley cropping systems which integrate strips of short rotation coppices into conventional agricultural sites (ACS) have recently gained increasing interest in Germany. These ACS can be used for the simultaneous production of crops and woody biomass which enables farmers to diversify the provision of market goods. Integrating trees into the agricultural landscape can create additional benefits for the farmer and society also known as ecosystem services (ES). The scientific literature suggests that ACS are able to provide additional benefits as compared to conventional agriculture. Among the important ES provided by ACS are carbon sequestration, soil fertility, water quality, groundwater recharge, and biodiversity. However, assessment methods are required which are easy to use and provide reliable information regarding change in ES with change of the land use practice. In this context, our aim was to develop a methodology to assess selected ES provided by ACS in Germany. For this purpose an indicator set was selected from the literature and linked with the relevant ES previously identified. Furthermore, a model was developed to facilitate the calculation of the indicators. The results showed that ACS established at agricultural sites have higher capacity to provide ES as compared to single-crop agriculture. The capacity of ACS with 50\% trees is higher than the capacity of ACS with 30\% trees which suggests that the capacity of the system to provide ES increases with increased proportion of trees. The methodology seems to be a promising tool to facilitate the assessment of ES provided by the land management practices considered. In the long term this measurement approach can be broadened to include monetary evaluation of ES. This will enable rewarding farmers for providing environmental benefits therefore, accurately compensating them for the outputs supplied.}, language = {en} } @incollection{QuinkensteinFreeseBoehmetal., author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Tsonkova, Penka and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Agroforestry for Mine-Land Reclamation in Germany: Capitalizing on Carbon Sequestration and Bioenergy Production}, series = {Agroforestry - The Future of Gobal Land Use}, booktitle = {Agroforestry - The Future of Gobal Land Use}, editor = {Nair, P. K. Ramachandran and Garrity, Dennis}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-94-007-4675-6}, pages = {313 -- 339}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Assessment of carbon sequestration provided by alley cropping systems for biomas production in Germany}, series = {Tagungsband zur 12. Forstwissenschaftlichen Tagung an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen vom 19. bis 22. September 2012 Ausger}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zur 12. Forstwissenschaftlichen Tagung an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen vom 19. bis 22. September 2012 Ausger}, editor = {Moog, Martin}, publisher = {Sauerl{\"a}nder}, address = {Bad Orb}, isbn = {978-3-7939-0910-1}, pages = {268}, language = {en} } @misc{TsonkovaBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Ecological benefits provided by alley cropping systems for production of woody biomass in the temperate region : a review}, series = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {85}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, number = {1}, issn = {1572-9680}, pages = {133 -- 152}, language = {en} } @misc{TsonkovaBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Application of partial order ranking to identify enhancement potantials for the provision of selected ecosystem services by different land use strategies}, series = {Agricultural Systems}, volume = {135}, journal = {Agricultural Systems}, issn = {0308-521X}, doi = {10.1016/j.agsy.2015.01.002}, pages = {112 -- 121}, abstract = {Conventional agricultural practices have often been associated with negative externalities, such as land degradation, pollution of soil and water resources, loss of biodiversity, and decreased provision of ecosystem services (ES). In response to these negative effects, the number of indicator-based attempts to assess ES provided by land use systems has increased. However, decisions regarding the importance of the different ES are usually made subjectively. Following an objective approach through the use of a partial order ranking method, this study aimed to assess several non-provisioning ES supplied by alley cropping system (ACS) in comparison with conventional agriculture (CA). The main objective of the study was to verify the applicability of partial order ranking to an ecologically-based assessment, focusing on soil, water, and biodiversity indicators. Results from 40 hypothetical scenarios representing various site conditions of agricultural fields in Germany were calculated using the Ecosystem Services Assessment Tool for Agroforestry (ESAT-A), a toolbox designed to assess selected ES of ACS following an empirical approach. The results were ranked using partial order and were visualized by a Hasse diagram. The findings depict partial order ranking as a promising technique to support decision making in order to find priority scenarios and indicators where the provision of ES can be enhanced by establishing ACS. The minimal scenarios under CA identified with simultaneously low values of all indicators were perceived as target scenarios for establishing ACS. The values of the indicators for the current land use system need to be taken into account in order to avoid scenarios where high tradeoff was suggested. Additionally, this approach can be extended and utilized at the field level to aid farmer decisions on which land use strategy is the most suitable alternative to increase the provision of ES.}, language = {en} } @misc{TsonkovaQuinkensteinBoehmetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk and Schaller, Eberhard}, title = {Ecosystem services assessment tool for agroforestry (ESAT-A): Anapproach to assess selected ecosystem services provided by alleycropping systems}, series = {Ecological Indicators}, journal = {Ecological Indicators}, number = {45}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.024}, pages = {285 -- 299}, language = {en} } @misc{TsonkovaBoehmEhrittetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Ehritt, Julia and H{\"u}bner, Rico}, title = {Assessing multiple ecosystem functions of linear woody-features in the agricultural landscape}, series = {Book of Abstracts, 4th World Congress on Agroforestry. Agroforestry: strengthening links between science, society and policy}, journal = {Book of Abstracts, 4th World Congress on Agroforestry. Agroforestry: strengthening links between science, society and policy}, editor = {Dupraz, Christian and Gosme, Marie and Lawson, Gerry}, publisher = {CIRAD, INRA, World Agroforestry}, address = {Montpellier}, pages = {544}, language = {en} } @misc{TsonkovaHoffmannBoehm, author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Hoffmann, Simon and B{\"o}hm, Christian}, title = {A practical approach to hedgerow management for improving the provision of ecosystem services}, series = {ESP10 World Conference, 21-25 October, Hannover, Book of Abstracts}, journal = {ESP10 World Conference, 21-25 October, Hannover, Book of Abstracts}, address = {Hannover}, pages = {104}, language = {en} }