@misc{KotlarskiSzaboHerreraetal., author = {Kotlarski, Sven and Szabo, Peter and Herrera, Sixto and R{\"a}ty, Olle and Keuler, Klaus and Soares, Pedro and Cardoso, Rita M. and Bosshard, Thomas and Pag{\´e}, Christian and Boberg, Fredrik and Guti{\´e}rrez, Jos{\´e} and Isotta, Francesco and Jaczewski, Adam and Kreienkamp, Frank and Liniger, Mark and Lussana, Cristian and Pianko-Kluczyńska, Krystyna}, title = {Observational uncertainty and regional climate model evaluation: A pan-European perspective}, series = {International journal of climatology}, volume = {39}, journal = {International journal of climatology}, number = {9}, issn = {1097-0088}, doi = {10.1002/joc.5249}, pages = {3730 -- 3749}, language = {en} } @misc{CardosoBartonBirkhoferetal., author = {Cardoso, Pedro and Barton, Philip S. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Chichorro, Filipe and Deacon, Charl and Fartmann, Thomas and Fukushima, Caroline S. and Gaigher, Ren{\´e} and Habel, Jan C.}, title = {Scientists' warning to humanity on insect extinctions}, series = {Biological Conservation}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, number = {242}, doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108426}, pages = {12}, abstract = {Here we build on the manifesto'World Scientists'Warning to Humanity, issued by the Alliance of WorldScientists. As a group of conservation biologists deeply concerned about the decline of insect populations, wehere review what we know about the drivers of insect extinctions, their consequences, and how extinctions cannegatively impact humanity.We are causing insect extinctions by driving habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation, use of polluting andharmful substances, the spread of invasive species, global climate change, direct overexploitation, and co-ex-tinction of species dependent on other species.With insect extinctions, we lose much more than species. We lose abundance and biomass of insects, diversityacross space and time with consequent homogenization, large parts of the tree of life, unique ecological functionsand traits, and fundamental parts of extensive networks of biotic interactions. Such losses lead to the decline ofkey ecosystem services on which humanity depends. From pollination and decomposition, to being resources fornew medicines, habitat quality indication and many others, insects provide essential and irreplaceable services.We appeal for urgent action to close key knowledge gaps and curb insect extinctions. An investment in research programs that generate local, regional and global strategies that counter this trend is essential. Solutions areavailable and implementable, but urgent action is needed now to match our intentions.}, language = {en} } @misc{DavinRechidBreiletal., author = {Davin, Edouard and Rechid, Diana and Breil, Marcus and Cardoso, Rita M. and Coppola, Erika and Hoffmann, Peter and Jach, Lisa L. and Katragkou, Eleni and Noblet-Ducoudr{\´e}, Nathalie de and Radtke, Kai and Raffa, Mario and Soares, Pedro and Sofiadis, Giannis and Strada, Susanna and Strandberg, Gustav and T{\"o}lle, Merja H. and Warrach-Sagi, Kirsten and Wulfmeyer, Volker}, title = {Biogeophysical impacts of deforestation in Europe First results from the LUCAS Regional Climate Mode intercomparison}, series = {Earth System Dynamics}, volume = {11}, journal = {Earth System Dynamics}, number = {1}, issn = {2190-4995}, doi = {10.5194/esd-11-183-2020}, pages = {183 -- 200}, abstract = {The Land Use and Climate Across Scales Flagship Pilot Study (LUCAS FPS) is a coordinated community effort to improve the integration of land use change (LUC) in regional climate models (RCMs) and to quantify the biogeophysical effects of LUC on local to regional climate in Europe. In the first phase of LUCAS, nine RCMs are used to explore the biogeophysical impacts of re-/afforestation over Europe: two idealized experiments representing respectively a non-forested and a maximally forested Europe are compared in order to quantify spatial and temporal variations in the regional climate sensitivity to forestation. We find some robust features in the simulated response to forestation. In particular, all models indicate a year-round decrease in surface albedo, which is most pronounced in winter and spring at high latitudes. This results in a winter warming effect, with values ranging from +0.2 to +1 K on average over Scandinavia depending on models. However, there are also a number of strongly diverging responses. For instance, there is no agreement on the sign of temperature changes in summer with some RCMs predicting a widespread cooling from forestation (well below -2 K in most regions), a widespread warming (around +2 K or above in most regions) or a mixed response. A large part of the inter-model spread is attributed to the representation of land processes. In particular, differences in the partitioning of sensible and latent heat are identified as a key source of uncertainty in summer. Atmospheric processes, such as changes in incoming radiation due to cloud cover feedbacks, also influence the simulated response in most seasons. In conclusion, the multi-model approach we use here has the potential to deliver more robust and reliable information to stakeholders involved in land use planning, as compared to results based on single models. However, given the contradictory responses identified, our results also show that there are still fundamental uncertainties that need to be tackled to better anticipate the possible intended or unintended consequences of LUC on regional climates.}, language = {en} } @misc{CardosoPekarBirkhofer, author = {Cardoso, Pedro and Pekar, Stano and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Ecosystem services provided by spiders}, series = {Biological reviews}, journal = {Biological reviews}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, doi = {10.1111/brv.70044}, pages = {1 -- 20}, abstract = {Spiders, ubiquitous and abundant predators in terrestrial ecosystems, often bear the weight of an unjust negative perception. However, these remarkable creatures stand as unsung heroes within our ecosystems, wielding significant influence by contributing a multitude of ecosystem services critical to both the planet's future and human well-being. Here, we delve into the diverse spectrum of ecosystem services offered by spiders and their potential to inspire or directly provide nature-based solutions. Provisioning services include the versatile uses of silk-like materials, inspiration for biomimetic technology, medicines derived from venom, bio-insecticides that offer eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemicals, food sources for various communities worldwide, and even becoming unconventional yet increasingly valued pets. Regulating services provided by spiders extend to vital roles in pest suppression across diverse agricultural settings, mitigating diseases by curbing insectmediated pathogen dispersal, and controlling invasive species. Supporting services offered by spiders are equally extensive, involving nutrient cycling through the breakdown of organic matter, acting as food sources, or creating habitats for other organisms. Beyond their tangible contributions, spiders hold a significant cultural and spiritual heritage globally and are integral to many traditional medicine practices. They inspire contemporary culture, provide educational value, offer models for scientific discovery, contribute to mental health improvement, evoke a sense of place, and are commonly employed for monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem health. To pave the way for future research, we present a roadmap for exploring ecosystem services by spiders. While many of these services are wellestablished and studied from various perspectives, others harbour untapped potential. Leveraging what nature inherently provides, these nature-based solutions offer avenues to address challenges such as biodiversity erosion and societal needs. By restoring, preserving, or mimicking natural processes of spiders, we can enhance or provide essential ecosystem services, harnessing the full potential of spiders and the intricate web of benefits they bring to our world.}, language = {en} }