@misc{HuberMeyerNowacketal., author = {Huber, Markus and Meyer, Werner and Nowack, Kati and Geßler, Peter}, title = {WoOF: Ein Framework f{\"u}r Wizard of Oz Experimente}, series = {Tagungsband, 27. Konferenz Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung, 02.-04.03.2016, Leipzig}, journal = {Tagungsband, 27. Konferenz Elektronische Sprachsignalverarbeitung, 02.-04.03.2016, Leipzig}, editor = {Jokisch, Oliver}, publisher = {TUDpress}, address = {Dresden}, isbn = {978-3-95908-040-8}, pages = {127 -- 134}, abstract = {ucuikt2015}, language = {de} } @misc{NowackVanDerMeerMilfont, author = {Nowack, Kati and Van Der Meer, Elke and Milfont, Taciano}, title = {Future versus Present: Time Perspective and Pupillary Response in a Relatedness Judgment Task investigating temporal event knowledge}, series = {International Journal of Psychophysiology}, volume = {87}, journal = {International Journal of Psychophysiology}, number = {2}, issn = {0167-8760}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.12.006}, pages = {173 -- 182}, language = {en} } @misc{NowackVanDerMeer, author = {Nowack, Kati and Van Der Meer, Elke}, title = {Are larks future-oriented and owls present-oriented? Age- and sex- related shifts in chronotype-time perspective associations}, series = {Chronobiology International}, volume = {30}, journal = {Chronobiology International}, number = {10}, issn = {0742-0528}, doi = {10.3109/07420528.2013.815197}, pages = {1240 -- 1250}, language = {en} } @misc{NowackWelkeSchaadtetal., author = {Nowack, Kati and Welke, Tinka and Schaadt, Gesa and Raisig, Sunny and Hagendorf, Herbert and Van Der Meer, Elke}, title = {Semantic Priming of Progression Features in Events}, series = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, volume = {44}, journal = {Journal of Psycholinguistic Research}, number = {2}, issn = {1573-6555}, doi = {10.1007/s10936-014-9290-x}, pages = {201 -- 214}, language = {en} } @misc{NowackWelkeRaisigetal., author = {Nowack, Kati and Welke, Tinka and Raisig, Sunny and Schaadt, Gesa and Hagendorf, Herbert and Van Der Meer, Elke}, title = {Cooking from cold to hot: goal-directedness in simulation and language}, series = {Cognitive Linguistics}, volume = {25}, journal = {Cognitive Linguistics}, number = {4}, issn = {1613-3641}, doi = {10.1515/cog-2014-0058}, pages = {559 -- 581}, language = {en} } @misc{NowackVanDerMeer, author = {Nowack, Kati and Van Der Meer, Elke}, title = {Impact of chronotype and time perspective on the processing of scripts.}, series = {International Journal of Psychophysiology}, volume = {92}, journal = {International Journal of Psychophysiology}, number = {2}, issn = {0167-8760}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.02.004}, pages = {49 -- 58}, language = {en} } @incollection{NowackVanDerMeer, author = {Nowack, Kati and Van Der Meer, Elke}, title = {Seven Cognitive Secrets that Make You Smarter}, series = {Von der Kutsche zur Cloud - globale Bildung sucht neue Wege}, booktitle = {Von der Kutsche zur Cloud - globale Bildung sucht neue Wege}, editor = {Sch{\"o}nebeck, Manfred and Pellert, Ada}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-11691-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-11691-0}, pages = {315 -- 332}, language = {en} } @misc{HuberWolffMeyeretal., author = {Huber, Markus and Wolff, Matthias and Meyer, Werner and Jokisch, Oliver and Nowack, Kati}, title = {Some Design Aspects of a Cognitive User Interface}, series = {Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management}, volume = {6}, journal = {Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management}, number = {1}, issn = {2325-4688}, pages = {15 -- 29}, abstract = {We report on research conducted as part of the Universal Cognitive User Interface (UCUI) project, which aims at developing a universal, autarkic module for intuitive interaction with technical devices. First, we present an empirical study of image schemas as basic building blocks of human knowledge. Image schemas have been studied extensively in cognitive linguistics, but insufficiently in the context of human-computer-interaction (HCI). Some image schemas are developed early at pre-verbal stages (e.g., up-down) and may, thus, exert greater influence on human knowledge than later developed image schemas (e.g., centre-periphery). To investigate this for HCI contexts, we applied a speech interaction task using a Wizard of Oz paradigm. Our results show that users apply early image schemas more frequently than late image schemas. They should, therefore, be given preference in interface designs. In the second part of this contribution we therefore focus on the appropriate representation and processing of semantics. We introduce novel theoretical work including feature-values-relations and Petri net transducers, and discuss their impact on behaviour control of cognitive systems. In addition, we illustrate some details of the implementation regarding learning strategies and the graphical user interface.}, language = {en} } @misc{Nowack, author = {Nowack, Kati}, title = {Unfinished sympathies: Influence of individual temporal orientation on music preferences}, series = {Psychology of Music}, volume = {47}, journal = {Psychology of Music}, number = {5}, issn = {1741-3087}, doi = {10.1177/0305735618775200}, pages = {736 -- 746}, abstract = {Temporal aspects have been studied extensively within the context of music perception but insufficiently within the context of music preference. In this online questionnaire study, I investigated the impact of chronotype (morningness, eveningness) and time perspective (present, future) on music preferences. Participants (n = 258) completed the Short Test of Music Preferences for 26 music genres, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Principal component analysis replicated a six-component structure of music preference. Whilst preference scores were highest for intense music for all participants, I found significant effects of chronotype and time perspective on music preferences. In particular, present-oriented evening types and future-oriented morning types differed in their preferences for various music genres. Consistent with a matching hypothesis, present-oriented evening types (fast life histories) showed greater preferences for contemporary (i.e., high rhythmic complexity), sophisticated (i.e., high complexity) and electronic music (i.e., fast tempo) compared to future-oriented morning types (slow life histories; greater difficulties with temporal irregularities). Consistent with a self-regulation hypothesis, present-oriented evening types showed greater preferences than future-oriented morning types for campestral music (i.e., slow tempo and low complexity).}, language = {en} } @misc{Nowack, author = {Nowack, Kati}, title = {More is Up - Important is Central: Impact of Developmental Origin of Image Schemas on Touch and Gesture Interaction with Computers}, series = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies}, volume = {Vol. 120}, journal = {International Journal of Human-Computer Studies}, issn = {1071-5819}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.08.001}, pages = {94 -- 106}, abstract = {Image schemas and primary metaphors have been studied extensively in cognitive linguistics, but insufficiently in the applied context of human-computer interaction. Scant evidence proposes image schemas and primary metaphors as sources for intuitive interface design. Literature on concept formation, however, suggests that image schemas occurring earlier in infancy exert greater influence than later developed image schemas on the development of thought and language. To investigate the impact of developmental origin of image schemas on the validity of image-schematic metaphors in supporting intuitive interface design, two studies analyzed metaphor strengths of image schemas from questionnaire, and from gesture and touch interaction with a 2D interactive interface. Responses linked to primary metaphors associated with early image schemas demonstrated greater agreement rates compared to late image schemas. Whilst questionnaire and touch responses generally demonstrated metaphor strengths well above chance level, gesture responses were only above chance level for early but not for late image schemas. For the application of image-schematic metaphors in intuitive interfaces, the current findings suggest two restrictions: First, primary metaphors linked to early image schemas appear to be more intuitive than those linked to late image schemas. This impact of developmental occurrence of image schemas is interpreted in terms of differences in complexity and frequency. Second, image-schematic primary metaphors appear more suited for providing intuitive touch interaction experiences. For intuitive gesture interaction experiences, they appear less suited.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Nowack, author = {Nowack, Kati}, title = {About time: Individual temporal orientation, time succession, and cognitive capacities}, doi = {10.18452/17535}, abstract = {Zeit ist ein fundamentaler Aspekt menschlichen Verhaltens. W{\"a}hrend Untersuchungen bislang meist nur auf einem der drei Hauptaspekte der Zeit: Dauer, Zeitfolge und individuelle zeitliche Orientierung fokussierten, untersucht diese Dissertation Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der individuellen zeitlichen Orientierung und der Zeitfolge. Zeit ist nicht direkt wahrnehmbar, sondern an kognitive Abstraktionsprozesse gebunden. Diese ben{\"o}tigen kognitive Ressourcen und werden kognitiven F{\"a}higkeiten beeinflusst. Daher wurden Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen individueller zeitlicher Orientierung und allgemeinen kognitiven F{\"a}higkeiten ebenfalls untersucht. Studie 1 analysiert, wie verschiedene Aspekte individueller zeitlicher Orientierung korreliert sind, und diese Korrelationen von Alter und Geschlecht beeinflusst sind. Studien 2 und 3a analysieren Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen individueller zeitlicher Orientierung und der Zeitfolge. Studie 3b untersucht mittels einer geometrischen Analogieanforderung Korrelationen zwischen individueller zeitlicher Orientierung und h{\"o}heren fluiden Intelligenzleistungen. Befunde zu Zeitperspektive-Chronotyp- Relationen sowie Zeithorizont-Chronotyp-Relationen werden berichtet, ebenso Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Zeitperspektive, Zeithorizont und der Zeitfolge. Ausgehend von diesen und fr{\"u}heren Befunden wird ein kognitives Modell vorgestellt, welches alle drei Aspekte psychologischer Zeit (Zeitdauer; Zeitfolge; individuelle zeitliche Orientierung) integriert. Ferner werden als Ergebnis der Studien Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der Zukunftsperspektive und fluider Intelligenz sowie Chronotyp und verbaler Intelligenz berichtet. Verhaltensdaten und psychophysiologische Daten (Pupillendilation) zeigen ferner Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen individueller zeitlicher Orientierung, analogem Denken, exekutiven Funktionen und Konfliktverarbeitung. So scheinen Zukunftsperspektive und Morgentyp eng mit Konfliktverarbeitung verbunden, der Zeithorizont hingegen eng mit inhibierenden Kontrollprozessen.}, language = {en} } @misc{NowackVanDerMeer, author = {Nowack, Kati and Van Der Meer, Elke}, title = {The synchrony effect revisited: chronotype, time of day and cognitive performance in a semantic analogy task}, series = {Chronobiology International}, volume = {35}, journal = {Chronobiology International}, number = {12}, issn = {0742-0528}, doi = {10.1080/07420528.2018.1500477}, pages = {1647 -- 1662}, abstract = {The synchrony effect (i.e. superior performance at optimal, inferior performance at suboptimal times of day) has been broadly studied within the context of circadian rhythms. Whether one chronotype copes better with the synchrony effect than the other received only insufficient empirical attention. We report on an applied experimental study investigating the impact of chronotype on the synchrony effect in a semantic analogy task. To detect an analogy, 36 participants (12 males) aged between 18 and 40 had to decide whether the relation between events of a source pair was mirrored by the relation between events of a target pair (e.g. to cook: to eat = to saddle: to ride). Temporal orientation of the relation within each event pair was varied corresponding either to the chronological or reverse order. Response times (RTs), error rates, as well as the psychophysiological parameters pre-experimental pupil baseline and peak pupil dilation replicate findings of a synchrony effect (shorter RTs and allocation of less cognitive resources at optimal times of day) and show an impact of chronotype (morning types generally outperforming evening types). Most importantly, morning types appeared to cope better with the synchrony effect than evening types: At suboptimal times, morning types solved the analogy detection task more efficient; that is faster with the same accuracy and without the investment of more cognitive resources. They also showed greater alertness and wakefulness indexed by greater pre-experimental pupil baselines. At optimal times of day, morning types have more cognitive resources available to allocate these to the more demanding conditions to outperform evening types. We interpret these findings to suggest that morning types are more able to adapt to unfavourable circumstances (for instance, by avoiding wasteful resource allocation when there are less cognitive resources available). Evening types appear less able to adapt to suboptimal times than morning types, because they have to deal with social jetlag and decreased self-control.zeige weniger}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{NowackKlimczakWirschingetal., author = {Nowack, Kati and Klimczak, Peter and Wirsching, G{\"u}nther and R{\"o}mer, Ronald}, title = {Zeit aus interdisziplin{\"a}rer Sicht und die Integration zeitlich-semantischer Konzepte in die Modellbildung von Coping-Strukturen}, series = {Verstehen, Beschreiben und Gestalten Kognitiver (Technischer) Systeme, 5. Interdiziplin{\"a}rer Workshop (M{\"a}rz 2016)}, booktitle = {Verstehen, Beschreiben und Gestalten Kognitiver (Technischer) Systeme, 5. Interdiziplin{\"a}rer Workshop (M{\"a}rz 2016)}, language = {de} } @misc{Nowack, author = {Nowack, Kati}, title = {From inglorious basterds, aliens, and hobbits: The structure of fictional film genre preferences and its relationship with time perspective and individual time span orientation}, series = {Psychology of Popular Media}, journal = {Psychology of Popular Media}, issn = {2689-6575}, doi = {10.1037/ppm0000520}, abstract = {What distinguishes our aesthetic experience of Middle Earth from Tarantino's hybrid genre settings? To what extent does individual temporal orientation influence whether we prefer fast action or epic fantasy movies? Because film genres share stylistic and narrative elements, this study aimed to provide a categorization based on the features that genres share in unique ways. Furthermore, meaningful dimensions underlying these categories were investigated. Then, interrelations with individual temporal orientation were assessed. Participants completed a test of fictional film preferences, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and the Individual Time Span Scales. Multidimensional scaling revealed three latent dimensions: social, conflict, and narrative setting. Principal component analysis revealed seven components of fictional film preferences: fantastic, communal, action, doomed, thrilling, unconventional, and historical. The current findings suggest that mood management processes are less influential in the development of more stable genre preferences than social phenomena. Regarding individual temporal orientation, findings were in line with life history theory for individual time span orientation. Time perspective was less related to film genre preferences. Here, gender appeared to be the main influence.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Nowack, author = {Nowack, Kati}, title = {When you can't have what you want: Measuring Users' Ethical Concerns about Interacting with AI Assistants Using MEESTAR}, series = {AI - limits and prospects of artificial intelligence}, booktitle = {AI - limits and prospects of artificial intelligence}, editor = {Klimczak, Peter and Petersen, Christer}, publisher = {Transcript}, address = {Bielefeld}, isbn = {978-3-8376-5732-6}, pages = {163 -- 193}, abstract = {As new AI technologies emerge, we need to assure these are in alignment with ethical values, standards and goals of individual users as well as society. Ethical implications associated with AI systems have been discussed extensively in the literature, where much theorizing about users has taken place but not enough empirical research with users has been conducted. In this explorative questionnaire study, I aimed at investigating the extent to which the MEESTAR model (e.g. Manzeschke et al. 2016) originally developed within the context of inclusive assistance systems for the elderly can be applied more generally to users' needs. To this end, sixty-four participants were presented with different AI scenarios in which the ethical values of autonomy, safety, privacy, care, justice, participation and self-conception were either violated or not. Ratings of concern in response to violations as well as ratings of the importance assigned to these aspects show that, firstly, participation and care generally need to be considered in the development of new AI systems whilst privacy was largely disregarded by participants. Secondly, the results indicate some mismatches between ratings of concern and importance: participants assigned importance to safety, justice, autonomy and self-conception but appeared less concerned with violations of these values. This supports the notion of a growing need to strengthen digital literacy by including more information about users' rights and about the consequences of violations in AI interaction. Finally, findings of any impact of gender, technical experience and time perspective on concern and importance ratings are discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{Nowack, author = {Nowack, Kati}, title = {The Individual Time Span Scales (ITSS): Introducing a self-report questionnaire to measure individual differences in the perception of time as duration}, series = {Personality and Individual Differences}, journal = {Personality and Individual Differences}, number = {206}, issn = {0191-8869}, doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2023.112116}, abstract = {Occasionally, time seems to stand still. At other times, it seems to fly. To what extent do relatively stable individual differences in the perception of time as duration exist? Individual temporal orientation has been studied extensively for time perspective and chronotype, but insufficiently for individual time span orientation. Yet, there are individual differences in the sampling rate at which the environment is monitored whilst neuronal systems specifically sensitive to motion, speed and duration perception exist (Hagendorf et al., 2011). To contribute to a better understanding of individual temporal orientation, a multi-study project (n = 2.176) was conducted to develop and validate a self-report questionnaire measuring individual time span orientation: the Individual Time Span Scales (ITSS). Structural validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggesting two specific factors of slow and fast time span orientation as components of the global factor individual time span orientation. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined by comparison with personality factors, time perspective, and considerations of future consequences. Individual time span orientation was correlated with future time perspective and the consideration of future consequences: More future-oriented individuals tended to perceive time as running fast. Less future-oriented individuals tended to perceive time as moving slow.}, language = {en} }