@misc{DorneanuMashamMechlerietal., author = {Dorneanu, Bogdan and Masham, Elliot and Mechleri, Evgenia and Arellano-Garcia, Harvey}, title = {Centralised versus localised supply chain management using a flow configuration model}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {46}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818634-3.50231-9}, pages = {1381 -- 1386}, abstract = {Traditional food supply chains are often centralised and global in nature. Moreover they require a large amount of resource which is an issue in a time with increasing need for more sustainable food supply chains. A solution is to use localised food supply chains, an option theorised to be more sustainable, yet not proven. Therefore, this paper compares the two systems to investigate which one is more environmentally friendly, cost efficient and resilient to disruption risks. This comparison between the two types of supply chains, is performed using MILP models for an ice cream supply chain for the whole of England over the period of a year. The results obtained from the models show that the localised model performs best environmentally and economically, whilst the traditional, centralised supply chain performs best for resilience.}, language = {en} } @misc{MechleriSidnellDorneanuetal., author = {Mechleri, Evgenia and Sidnell, Tim and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Arellano-Garcia, Harvey}, title = {Optimisation and control of a distributed energy resource network using Internet-of-Things technologies}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {46}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818634-3.50014-X}, pages = {79 -- 84}, abstract = {This work investigates the use of variable pricing to control electricity imported and exported to and from both fixed and unfixed distributed energy resource network designs within the UK residential sector. It was proven that networks which utilise much of their own energy and import little from the national grid are barely affected by variable import pricing, but are encouraged to export more energy to the grid by dynamic export pricing. Dynamic import and export pricing increased CO2 emissions due to feed-in tariffs which encourages CHP generation over lower-carbon technologies such as solar panels or wind turbines.}, language = {en} } @misc{ArellanoGarciaDorneanuMechleri, author = {Arellano-Garcia, Harvey and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Mechleri, Evgenia}, title = {Devicification of Food Process Engineering}, series = {Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering}, volume = {2019}, journal = {Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.14426-9}, abstract = {Food and beverages industry is facing major challenges in the years to come, as the world population is expected to grow, accompanied by a growing need for energy, feed and fuel. Much of the processing in the food industry is performed in small-scale decentralized plants, with relatively few possibilities of energy recovery. Innovation in areas such as process and product modeling, process intensification and process control enable the development of new manufacturing pathways, more efficient, versatile, selective and sustainable. Furthermore, the addition of Internet of Things elements and the way they connect to the physical process will ensure continuous communication between the various actors of the food value chain. This will enable the design of new compact, scalable, flexible, modular, and automated production equipment that will offer food manufacturers the ability to respond rapidly, economically, accurately and flexibly to the consumer demands.}, language = {en} } @misc{DeMelDemisDorneanuetal., author = {De Mel, Ishanki and Demis, Panagiotis and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Klymenko, Oleksiy and Mechleri, Evgenia and Arellano-Garcia, Harvey}, title = {Global Sensitivity Analysis for Design and Operation of Distributed Energy Systems}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {48}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-823377-1.50254-8}, pages = {1519 -- 1524}, abstract = {Distributed Energy Systems (DES) are set to play a vital role in achieving emission targets and meeting higher global energy demand by 2050. However, implementing these systems has been challenging, particularly due to uncertainties in local energy demand and renewable energy generation, which imply uncertain operational costs. In this work we are implementing a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model for the operation of a DES, and analysing impacts of uncertainties in electricity demand, heating demand and solar irradiance on the main model output, the total daily operational cost, using Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA). Representative data from a case study involving nine residential areas at the University of Surrey are used to test the model for the winter season. Distribution models for uncertain variables, obtained through statistical analysis of raw data, are presented. Design results show reduced costs and emissions, whilst GSA results show that heating demand has the largest influence on the variance of total daily operational cost. Challenges and design limitations are also discussed. Overall, the methodology can be easily applied to improve DES design and operation.}, language = {en} } @misc{ClarkeDorneanuMechlerietal., author = {Clarke, Fiona and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Mechleri, Evgenia and Arellano-Garcia, Harvey}, title = {Optimal design of heating and cooling pipeline networks for residential distributed energy resource systems}, series = {Energy}, volume = {235}, journal = {Energy}, issn = {1873-6785}, doi = {10.1016/j.energy.2021.121430}, abstract = {This paper presents a mixed integer linear programming model for the optimal design of a distributed energy resource (DER) system that meets electricity, heating, cooling and domestic hot water demands of a neighbourhood. The objective is the optimal selection of the system components among different technologies, as well as the optimal design of the heat pipeline network to allow heat exchange between different nodes in the neighbourhood. More specifically, this work focuses on the design, interaction and operation of the pipeline network, assuming the operation and maintenance costs. Furthermore, thermal and cold storage, transfer of thermal energy, and pipelines for transfer of cold and hot water to meet domestic hot water demands are additions to previously published models. The application of the final model is investigated for a case-study of a neighbourhood of five houses located in the UK. The scalability of the model is tested by also applying the model to a neighbourhood of ten and twenty houses, respectively. Enabling exchange of thermal power between the neighbours, including for storage purposes, and using separate hot and cold pipeline networks reduces the cost and the environmental impact of the resulting DER.}, language = {en} } @misc{SidnellClarkeDorneanuetal., author = {Sidnell, Tim and Clarke, Fiona and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Mechleri, Evgenia and Arellano-Garcia, Harvey}, title = {Optimal design and operation of distributed energy resources systems for residential neighbourhoods}, series = {Smart Energy}, volume = {4}, journal = {Smart Energy}, issn = {2666-9552}, doi = {10.1016/j.segy.2021.100049}, abstract = {Different designs of distributed energy resources (DER) systems could lead to different performance in reducing cost, environmental impact or use of primary energy in residential networks. Hence, optimal design and management are important tasks to promote diffusion against the centralised grid. However, current operational models for such systems do not adequately analyse their complexity. This paper presents the results of a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model of distributed energy systems in the residential sector which builds up on previous work in this field. A superstructure optimisation model for design and operation of DER systems is obtained, providing a more holistic overview of such systems by including the following novel elements: a) Design and utilisation of a network with integrated heating/cooling pipelines and microgrid connections between neighbourhoods; b) Exploration of use of feed-in tariffs (FITs), renewable heat incentives (RHIs) and the ability to buy/sell from/to the national grid. It is shown that the (DER network mitigates around 30-40\% of the CO2 emissions per household, compared with "traditional generation". Money from FITs, RHIs and sales to the grid, as well as reduced grid purchases, make DER networks far more economical, and even profitable, compared to the traditional energy consumption.}, language = {en} } @misc{DeMelDemisDorneanuetal., author = {De Mel, Ishanki and Demis, Panagiotis and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Klymenko, Oleksiy and Mechleri, Evgenia and Arellano-Garcia, Harvey}, title = {Global sensitivity analysis for design and operation of distributed energy systems: A two-stage approach}, series = {Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments}, volume = {56}, journal = {Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments}, issn = {2213-1388}, doi = {10.1016/j.seta.2023.103064}, abstract = {Distributed Energy Systems (DES) can play a vital role as the energy sector faces unprecedented changes to reduce carbon emissions by increasing renewable and low-carbon energy generation. However, current operational DES models do not adequately reflect the influence of uncertain inputs on operational outputs, resulting in poor planning and performance. This paper details a methodology to analyse the effects of uncertain model inputs on the primary output, the total daily cost, of an operational model of a DES. Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) is used to quantify these effects, both individually and through interactions, on the variability of the output. A Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model for the DES design is presented, followed by the operational model, which incorporates Rolling Horizon Model Predictive Control. A subset of model inputs, which include electricity and heating demand, and solar irradiance, is treated as uncertain using data from a case study. Results show reductions of minimum 25\% in the total annualised cost compared to a traditional design that purchases electricity from the centralised grid and meets heating demand using boilers. In terms of carbon emissions, the savings are much smaller, although the dependency on the national grid is drastically reduced. Limitations and suggestions for improving the overall DES design and operation are also discussed in detail, highlighting the importance of incorporating GSA into the DES framework.}, language = {en} } @misc{DeMelMechleriDemisetal., author = {De Mel, Ishanki and Mechleri, Evgenia and Demis, Panagiotis and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Klymenko, Oleksiy and Arellano-Garcia, Harvey}, title = {A Methodology for Global Sensitivity Analysis for the Operation of Distributed Energy Systems Using a Two-Stage Approach}, series = {2019 AIChE Annual Meeting}, journal = {2019 AIChE Annual Meeting}, isbn = {978-0-8169-1112-7}, abstract = {Optimisation-based models are often employed for the design and operation of distributed energy systems (DES). A two-stage approach often involves the optimisation of the design of a distributed energy system for a specified location or scale, and the subsequent optimisation of the operational model based on the structure recommended by the design model. The structure includes what types of generation and storage technologies should be used in the operation, related capacities and sizes, and potential locations. Often, both design and operational models are deterministic in nature, as either past or fictitious data is fed into the models to minimise an objective function such as the total cost or environmental impact due to carbon emissions. Consequently, the operational models encounter challenges when real-time data is fed, as time-variant input variables such as electricity demand, heating demand and solar insolation can be deemed uncertain. These variables could have unexpected and significant impacts on the total costs involved with the operation of distributed energy systems, leading to sub-optimality or even infeasibilities. Identifying these input variables, quantifying their uncertainties (which are then described in the models), and evaluating the influence of these variables on the outputs can lead to the design of more robust models. Such models can then be used to design and operate optimal distributed energy systems. This paper presents a novel methodology for using global sensitivity analysis (GSA) on an operational optimisation-based model of a distributed energy system. The operational model also utilises Model Predictive Control (MPC) rolling horizon concepts (as done by [1]) to determine hourly total operational costs. The paper also addresses how some challenges and limitations encountered in the operational model can be attributed to the deterministic design model on which the structure of the operational model has been based. Furthermore, the research explores how the design can be improved to support more robust operation. Another novel aspect of this paper highlights the use of the optimisation tool GAMS alongside SobolGSA, a global sensitivity analysis software [2]. This software uses the variance-based Sobol method to generate N samples and perform global sensitivity analysis, allowing users to understand how variations in the inputs can influence the outputs, whilst accounting for the different combinations of the uncertain parameters without varying one uncertain parameter at a time.}, language = {en} } @misc{MechleriShafieiDorneanuetal., author = {Mechleri, Evgenia and Shafiei, Zarif and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Arellano-Garcia, Harvey and Klymenko, Oleksiy}, title = {A Blockchain Model for Residential Distributed Energy Resources Networks}, series = {2019 AIChE Annual Meeting}, journal = {2019 AIChE Annual Meeting}, isbn = {978-0-8169-1112-7}, abstract = {The energy production landscape is reshaped by distributed energy resources (DERs) {\^a}€" photovoltaic (PV) panels, combined heat and power (CHP), wind turbines (WT), fuel cells or battery storage systems, to name just a few [1]. Microgrids, collections of units or DERs that are locally controlled, close to the consumption point and cooperating with each other and the centralised grid [2], allow for the reduction in energy losses compared to traditional generation due to the close proximity to end users. Due to its volatility, the integration of this non-controllable generation poses severe challenges to the current energy system and ensuring a reliable balance of energy becomes an increasingly demanding task [3]. The optimal design and scheduling of the DERs and subsequent microgrid is of high importance in order to increase the reliability and determine their effectiveness in reducing losses, emissions and costs compared to conventional generation so that they may be implemented at faster rates to reduce global emissions and fossil fuel usage. In distributed energy systems, individual users typically have flexible tariffs while they also have the capability not only to use, but also to store and trade electric power. Direct transactions schemes can save money for end users, generate revenues for producers, reduce transmission losses and promote the use of renewable energy [4]. But it must be a robust, efficient and low-cost trading system to handle the rapid changes of information and value in the system. The blockchain technology can fulfil these requirements by enabling the implementation of optimal energy management strategies through distributed databases. Since its introduction as the underlying technology of Bitcoin, the blockchain technology has emerged from its use as a verification mechanism for cryptocurrencies and heads to a broader field of applications. Blockchain-based systems are basically a combination of a distributed ledger, a decentralised consensus mechanism, and cryptographic security measures [5]. More precisely, it allows the resolution of conflicts and dismantles information asymmetries by providing transparent and valid records of past transactions that cannot be altered retrospectively [6]. With the help of specific algorithms and applications, multiple operations can be performed automatically on the blockchain, using this information together with information from the Internet or the real world (e.g. on whether, energy pricing, etc.). Furthermore, smart contracts can be implemented between the nodes of the microgrid. This paper introduces a model for the implementation of a blockchain and smart contracts into the scheduling of a residential DER network. The blockchain is implemented in terms of energy rather than voltages [7], to allow for the decentralised operation of the microgrid without a centralised microgrid aggregator. Thus, the model will minimise only the operational cost. Furthermore, the DER network model is improved by the addition of more detailed transmission losses and costs within the microgrid and between the microgrid and the national grid. The resulted energy flows are stored and information on the availability/demand are exchanged between the network nodes. To appropriately compensate the DER operators in the microgrid for their services and to charge the consumers for withdrawals, nodal clearing prices are determined and implemented through smart contracts. The resulting MILP model minimises the overall investment and operating costs of the system.}, language = {en} } @misc{MiahDorneanuMechlerietal., author = {Miah, Sayeef and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Mechleri, Evgenia and Arellano-Garcia, Harvey}, title = {Multi-Objective Design Optimisation of a Distributed Energy System through 3E (economic, environmental and exergy) Analysis}, series = {2020 Virtual AIChE Annual Meeting, November 20, 2020}, journal = {2020 Virtual AIChE Annual Meeting, November 20, 2020}, isbn = {978-0-8169-1114-1}, abstract = {To facilitate the commitments of reducing greenhouse gas emissions will require the utilisation of renewable energy resources, as well as shifting away from a centralised generation. Distributed energy systems (DESs) are a promising alternative to conventional centralised layouts. Thus, there is a need for the development of models able to optimally design DES which show savings in cost as well as having a low carbon impact. Current literature focuses on the design optimisation of a DES through economical and environmental cost minimisation [1-4]. However, these two criteria alone do not show the complete picture and do not satisfy the long-term sustainability priorities. The inclusion of exergy analysis allows for the satisfaction of this criteria through the rational use of energy resources. The use of exergy analysis within DESs was first studied by [5], with a multiobjective approach whereby cost and exergy efficiency are considered. The novelty of this paper is twofold. The first is the investigation of exergy DES design optimisation through a multiobjective approach whilst considering the economic and environmental cost, thus making this work the first to simultaneously minimise three objective functions in the context of DES.}, language = {en} }