@misc{MoorSpallekRichter, author = {Moor, Irene and Spallek, Jacob and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Explaining socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health - A systematic review of the relative contribution of material, psychological and behavioural factors}, series = {Journal of Epidemiology \& Community Health}, volume = {71}, journal = {Journal of Epidemiology \& Community Health}, number = {6}, issn = {1470-2738}, doi = {10.1136/jech-2016-207589}, language = {en} } @misc{MoorLampertRathmannetal., author = {Moor, Irene and Lampert, Thomas and Rathmann, Katharina and Kuntz, Benjamin and Kolip, Petra and Spallek, Jacob and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Explaining educational inequalities in adolescent life satisfaction: Do health behaviour and gender matter}, series = {International Journal of Public Health}, volume = {59}, journal = {International Journal of Public Health}, number = {2}, issn = {1661-8564}, pages = {309 -- 317}, language = {en} } @misc{MoorRathmannStronksetal., author = {Moor, Irene and Rathmann, Katharina and Stronks, Karien and Levin, Kate and Spallek, Jacob and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Psychosocial and behavioural factors in the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health. A multilevel analysis in 28 European and North American countries}, series = {Journal of epidemiology and community health}, volume = {68}, journal = {Journal of epidemiology and community health}, number = {10}, issn = {1470-2738}, doi = {10.1136/jech-2014-203933}, pages = {912 -- 921}, language = {en} } @misc{LampertRichterSchreiberetal., author = {Lampert, Thomas and Richter, Matthias and Schreiber, Sven and Spallek, Jacob and Dragano, Nico}, title = {Soziale Ungleichheit und Gesundheit. Stand und Perspektiven der sozialepidemiologischen Forschung in Deutschland}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {59}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, number = {2}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-015-2275-6}, pages = {153 -- 165}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TschoepeDuckhornBluethgenetal., author = {Tsch{\"o}pe, Constanze and Duckhorn, Frank and Bl{\"u}thgen, Peter and Richter, Christian and Papsdorf, Gunther and Wolff, Matthias}, title = {Miniaturisiertes System zur intelligenten Signalverarbeitung}, series = {DGZFP-Jahrestagung 2017, Zerst{\"o}rungsfreie Materialpr{\"u}fung, Koblenz, 22.-24.05.2017, Kurzfassungen der Vortr{\"a}ge und Posterbeitr{\"a}ge}, booktitle = {DGZFP-Jahrestagung 2017, Zerst{\"o}rungsfreie Materialpr{\"u}fung, Koblenz, 22.-24.05.2017, Kurzfassungen der Vortr{\"a}ge und Posterbeitr{\"a}ge}, publisher = {DGZIP}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {S. 192}, language = {de} } @incollection{HenkelKotRichteretal., author = {Henkel, Karsten and Kot, Małgorzata and Richter, Matthias and Tallarida, Massimo and Schmeißer, Dieter}, title = {An (In Situ)² Approach: ALD and resPES Applied to Al₂O₃, HfO₂, and TiO₂ Ultrathin Films}, series = {Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Vol. 3.1}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Vol. 3.1}, editor = {Wandelt, Klaus}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, isbn = {978-0-12-809739-7}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.13852-1}, pages = {18 -- 26}, abstract = {Oxide surface coatings are of importance in tailoring interface properties with respect to surface passivation, adjustment of surface potentials, or providing active centers for surface reactions. In this contribution, we report about surface coatings prepared by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. ALD is known for its conformal growth of ultrathin, dense films which exhibit a low concentration of pinholes.}, language = {en} } @misc{BrinkertRichterAkayetal., author = {Brinkert, Katharina and Richter, Matthias and Akay, {\"O}mer and Liedtke, Janine and Giersig, Michael and Fountaine, Katherine T. and Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Efficient Solar Hydrogen Generation in Microgravity Environment}, series = {Nature Communications}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {9}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-04844-y}, abstract = {Long-term space missions require extra-terrestrial production of storable, renewable energy. Hydrogen is ascribed a crucial role for transportation, electrical power and oxygen generation. We demonstrate in a series of drop tower experiments that efficient direct hydrogen production can be realized photoelectrochemically in microgravity environment, providing an alternative route to existing life support technologies for space travel. The photoelectrochemical cell consists of an integrated catalyst-functionalized semiconductor system that generates hydrogen with current densities >15 mA/cm2 in the absence of buoyancy. Conditions are described adverting the resulting formation of ion transport blocking froth layers on the photoelectrodes. The current limiting factors were overcome by controlling the micro- and nanotopography of the Rh electrocatalyst using shadow nanosphere lithography. The behaviour of the applied system in terrestrial and microgravity environment is simulated using a kinetic transport model. Differences observed for varied catalyst topography are elucidated, enabling future photoelectrode designs for use in reduced gravity environments.}, language = {en} } @misc{RathmannBilzHurrelmannetal., author = {Rathmann, Katharina and Bilz, Ludwig and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Kiess, Wieland and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Is being a "small fish in a big pond" bad for students´ psychosomatic health? A multilevel study on the role of class-level school performance}, series = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {18}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-018-5977-5}, pages = {13}, abstract = {Background. Features of schools and classes are closely related to students´ health and wellbeing. However, class composition (e.g. in terms of school performance) has rarely been examined in relation to students´ health and wellbeing. This study focuses on the so called Big-Fish-Little-Pond-Effect (BFLPE), by investigating whether the level of high-performing students in classroom is negatively associated with psychosomatic complaints of students who perceive themselves as poor performers. Methods. Data were derived from the German sample of the WHO-Collaborative "Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)" study 2013/2014. The sample included 5226 11-, 13- and 15-year-old students. Individual perceived school performance (PSP) was included (very good/good vs. average/below average PSP) at the individual student-level. At the class-level, school performance in class was generated by aggregating the share (in percentage) of students who report a very good/good PSP to the class-level, indicating the percentage of students with good/very good PSP in classroom. Using multilevel regression models, the association between class-level school performance (in percentage of students with very good/good PSP) and individual psychosomatic complaints were analyzed, stratified by students´ individual PSP. Results. Students who report average/below average PSP showed higher likelihoods of psychosomatic complaints (Odds Ratio: 1.75; 95\% Confidence Interval: 1.52-2.03) compared to counterparts with very good/good PSP. The aggregated class-level PSP was not significantly associated with psychosomatic complaints. However, in line with the BFLPE, results further revealed that students with average/below average PSP, who attend classes with a higher percentage of students who report very good/good PSP, had higher likelihoods of psychosomatic complaints (Odds Ratio: 1.91; 95\% Confidence Interval: 1.01-4.01) compared to classmates with very good/good PSP. Conclusions. This study revealed that class composition in terms of PSP was differentially associated with students´ psychosomatic complaints, depending on their individual PSP. Findings highlight the vulnerability of students with poor PSP placed in classes with a higher percentage of students with good PSP. Results of this study therefore indicate a need for initiatives for low performing students from teachers and school staff in class.}, language = {en} } @misc{BrinkertRichterAkayetal., author = {Brinkert, Katharina and Richter, Matthias and Akay, {\"O}mer and Giersig, Michael and Fountaine, Katherine T. and Lewerenz, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Advancing semiconductor-electrocatalyst systems: application of surface transformation films and nanosphere lithography}, series = {Faraday Discussions}, volume = {208}, journal = {Faraday Discussions}, issn = {1359-6640}, doi = {10.1039/C8FD00003D}, pages = {523 -- 535}, abstract = {Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells offer the possibility of carbon-neutral solar fuel production through artificial photosynthesis. The pursued design involves technologically advanced III-V semiconductor absorbers coupled via an interfacial film to an electrocatalyst layer. These systems have been prepared by in situ surface transformations in electrochemical environments. High activity nanostructured electrocatalysts are required for an efficiently operating cell, optimized in their optical and electrical properties. We demonstrate that shadow nanosphere lithography (SNL) is an auspicious tool to systematically create three-dimensional electrocatalyst nanostructures on the semiconductor photoelectrode through controlling their morphology and optical properties. First results are demonstrated by means of the photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen on p-type InP photocathodes where hitherto applied photoelectrodeposition and SNL-deposited Rh electrocatalysts are compared based on their J-V and spectroscopic behavior. We show that smaller polystyrene particle masks achieve higher defect nanostructures of rhodium on the photoelectrode which leads to a higher catalytic activity and larger short circuit currents. Structural analyses including HRSEM and the analysis of the photoelectrode surface composition by using photoelectron spectroscopy support and complement the photoelectrochemical observations. The optical performance is further compared to theoretical models of the nanostructured photoelectrodes on light scattering and propagation.}, language = {en} } @misc{RathmannHerkeBilzetal., author = {Rathmann, Katharina and Herke, Max and Bilz, Ludwig and Rimpel{\"a}, Arja and Hurrelmann, Klaus and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Class-level school performance and life satisfaction: Differential sensitivity for low- and high-performing school-aged children}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {15}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {12}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph15122750}, pages = {17}, abstract = {This study investigates whether class-level school performance affects students' life satisfaction and if there are differential effects for high- and low-performing students. Data were derived from the National Educational Panel Study, including n = 5196 students (49.6\% girls), nested in 478 classes and 250 secondary schools. School performance in class was measured by aggregating individual grade point average in Mathematics and German. The study could not reveal the "big-fish-little-pond"-effect regarding students' life satisfaction but found differential effects for high- vs. low performing students. There was no significant association for low-performing students attending classes with higher class-level performance However, low-performing students revealed the lowest life satisfaction. High-performing students placed in classes with higher average performance reported lower life satisfaction compared to high-performing students in classes with lower average performance. This study provides evidence for the impact of the learning environment in class on school-aged children's life satisfaction, by highlighting the differential sensitivity of high-performing students when placed in classes with higher or lower average performance.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchroederHoebelRoicketal., author = {Schr{\"o}der, Sara Lena and Hoebel, Jens and Roick, Julia and Markert, Jenny and Spallek, Jacob and Knesebeck, Olaf von dem and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Inequalities in the utilisation of primary and specialist physicians in Europe - a systematic review}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {29}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {4}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.377}, abstract = {Background: The evidence on inequalities in health clearly shows that people with lower socioeconomic status (SES) have poorer health and higher mortality. Nevertheless, generalized evidence for inequalities in healthcare is lacking. So far, the international literature was only summarised with regard to inequalities in the utilisation of disease-specific treatment. Therefore, our aim was to synthetize the literature on socioeconomic inequalities in the utilisation of primary and specialist physicians in the general population. Methods: This systematic review searched Medline und Web of Science from 2004 to 2018. Articles that reported quantitative data on the association of SES with utilisation of primary or specialist physicians in Europe were included. Title and abstract screening were performed by two independent researchers and 50 full texts are currently sifted whether they fulfil the inclusion criteria. Results: The studies analysed utilisation of physicians in terms of probability or frequency. The initial check of the studies indicates that socioeconomic inequalities in the utilisation of physicians differ between primary and specialist care. Specialist physicians were found to be visited with a higher probability and more often by the least disadvantaged in most studies. Inequalities in the utilisation of primary physicians revealed to be more diverse with a weak pattern of equally distributed probability of GP visits and more frequent utilisation by the disadvantaged. Conclusions: The preliminary results indicate that pro-rich utilisation seems to be more pronounced in visiting specialists compared to primary health care. Aiming to reduce inequalities in healthcare, public health actions might primarily focus on reaching a needs-based consultation of specialist physicians.}, language = {en} } @misc{UlrichKohlerFachetal., author = {Ulrich, Hanna-Sophie and Kohler, Emma and Fach, Eva-Maria and Spallek, Jacob and Richter, Matthias and Mlinarić, Martin}, title = {Healthcare needs among unaccompanied minor refugees: a study protocol of a qualitative study explaining access and utilisation across place and gender}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {10}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {9}, issn = {2044-6055}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038882}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Introduction: Several studies have identified that unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) are allegedly 'vulnerable' and belong to a high-risk group in terms of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder due to their preflight, periflight and postflight experiences. Psychosocial care (PSC) is of high importance for UMRs, but little is known about barriers to access and utilisation of PSC across place and gender. The aims of this gender-sensitive qualitative study will be to build on the existing body of literature and to provide qualitative evidence on the contexts and mechanisms of PSC for male and female UMRs in Germany by comparing two German regions. Methods and analysis: Following the study preparing realist review, a qualitative study will be undertaken in Berlin and Central German cities. Approximately 24 experts from the field of PSC and 12 lay UMRs will participate in face-to-face, semistructured interviews. Data will be transcribed and analysed based on the grounded theory research paradigm. Ethics and dissemination: Only participants who have been informed in both German and their native tongue and who have signed a declaration of consent will be included in the study. The study will comply rigorously with German data protection standards. Approval from the Ethical Review Committee at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany has been obtained and granted. The results of the study will be presented at several conferences and will be published in high-quality, peer-reviewed international journals. The results will display a differentiated picture of the PSC of UMRs in Germany. Such knowledge is a precondition for a 'science of change' that translates explanations into practical recommendations on how to improve healthcare policies.}, language = {en} } @misc{MoorWinterBilzetal., author = {Moor, Irene and Winter, Kristina and Bilz, Ludwig and Bucksch, Jens and Finne, Emily and John, Nancy and Kolip, Petra and Paulsen, Lisa and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Schlattmann, Marina and Sudeck, Gorden and Brindley, Catherina and Kaman, Anne and Richter, Matthias}, title = {The 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study - Methodology of the World Health Organization's child and adolescent health study}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {5}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {3}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/6904}, pages = {88 -- 102}, abstract = {The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is an international research project in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) for over 35 years. HBSC is the largest study on child and adolescent health and one of the most important sources of data for the WHO's international comparative health monitoring. Every four years, data on the health and health behaviour of students aged 11, 13 and 15, as well as the social contexts and conditions for growing up healthy, are collected. A total of 50 countries belong to the HBSC network, with 45 countries taking part in the 2017/18 survey. Germany has contributed to the HBSC surveys since 1993/94. For the most recent 2017/18 cycle, students at 146 schools in Germany were interviewed (response rate of schools: 15.6\%). A net sample of n = 4,347 girls and boys was achieved for Germany (response rate: 52.7\%). Participation was voluntary and the survey was conducted in German school years five, seven and nine (corresponding to ages 11, 13 and 15). A weighting procedure was applied to allow for representative findings on the health of children and adolescents in Germany. HBSC offers a valuable contribution to health monitoring and provides numerous starting points to identify needs, risk groups and fields of action to initiate targeted and actual needs-based measures of prevention and health promotion in the school setting.}, language = {en} } @misc{WachtlerHoffmannBlumeetal., author = {Wachtler, Benjamin and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Blume, Miriam and Rattay, Petra and Herr, Raphael and Deindl, Christian and Sundmacher, Leonie and Richter, Matthias and Spallek, Jacob and Lampert, Thomas}, title = {The impact of the family on health inequalities in children - A systematic scoping review}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {30}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement_5}, publisher = {Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.898}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background Health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents were repeatedly reported across Europe but less is known about the contextual and compositional factors of families that might influence and reproduce those health inequalities. In this systematic scoping review we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the available international literature on the mediating and moderating influence of the family on health inequalities in children and adolescents in Europe and North America. Methods This review follows the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. After defining the research question a search strategy was developed in cooperation with a scientific librarian and the study protocol was registered. A search of three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, PsycINFO) was conducted to identify relevant literature in English or German published between the year 2000 and 2019. A qualitative data charting process was used to extract the relevant data. Results In total 11.838 records were identified through the multi database search (Pubmed n = 6370, PsycINFO n = 3505, Scopus n = 1963). After elimination of duplicates and records from excluded countries, 8862 abstracts were screened by two researchers independently. Different cluster of evidence of family influences on health inequalities were identified: Parental behaviors and children's obesity, parents' smoking and drinking habits and adolescents' risk behaviors, parenting style and children's common mental disorders, parental resources and children's quality of life. Conclusions There are different aspects of family's contextual and compositional characteristics on health inequalities identifiable in the international literature. These characteristics might be new targets for family-focused health promotion strategies. Key messages: -A systematic scoping review found different family aspects that influence health inequalities in children and adolescents. - The identified family traits are promising targets for family-focused health promotion strategies to reduce health inequalities.}, language = {en} } @misc{HerkeMoorWinteretal., author = {Herke, Max and Moor, Irene and Winter, Kristina and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Hilger-Kolb, Jennifer and Pischke, Claudia R. and Dragano, Nico and Novelli, Anna and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Role of contextual and compositional characteristics of schools for health inequalities in childhood and adolescence: protocol for a scoping review}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {10}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {12}, issn = {2044-6055}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038999}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Introduction Childhood and adolescence are crucial life stages for health trajectories and the development of health inequalities in later life. The relevance of schools for health and well-being of children and adolescents has long been recognised, and there is some research regarding the association of contextual and compositional characteristics of schools and classes with health, health behaviour and well-being in this population. Little is known about the role of meso-level characteristics in relation to health inequalities. The aim of this scoping review is to retrieve and synthesise evidence about the mediating or moderating role of compositional or contextual characteristics of schools for the association between students' socioeconomic position and health in primary and secondary education. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic search of electronic databases in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Education Resources Information Center. Studies must meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) The population must be students attending primary or secondary schools in developed economies. (2) The outcomes must include at least one indicator for individual health, health behaviour or well-being. (3) The study must include at least one contextual or compositional characteristic of the school context and one individual determinant of socioeconomic position. (4) The study must also examine the mediating or moderating role of the contextual or compositional characteristic of the school context for the associations between socioeconomic position and health, health behaviour or well-being. (5) The study must be published since 1 January 2000 in English or German language. We will provide a narrative synthesis of findings. Ethics and dissemination We will not collect primary data and only include secondary data derived from previously published studies. Therefore, ethical approval is not required. We intend to publish our findings in an international peer-reviewed journal and to present them at national and international conferences.}, language = {en} } @misc{NovelliSchuettigSpalleketal., author = {Novelli, Anna and Sch{\"u}ttig, Wiebke and Spallek, Jacob and Wachtler, Benjamin and Diehl, Katharina and Moor, Irene and Richter, Matthias and Dragano, Nico and Sundmacher, Leonie}, title = {Correlation of mesolevel characteristics of the healthcare system and socioeconomic inequality in healthcare use: a scoping review protocol}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {11}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {2}, issn = {2044-6055}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044301}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Introduction Although the impact of macrolevel characteristics of health systems on socioeconomic inequity in health has been studied extensively, the impact of access characteristics on a smaller scale of health systems has received less attention. These mesolevel characteristics can influence access to healthcare and might have the potential to moderate or aggravate socioeconomic inequity in healthcare use. This scoping review aims to map the existing evidence of the association of socioeconomic inequity in healthcare use and mesolevel access characteristics of the health system. Methods and analysis In conducting the scoping review, we follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews. The search will be carried out in four scientific databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO. Main eligibility criteria are inclusion in the analysis of a measure of socioeconomic position, a measure of individual healthcare use and a mesolevel determinant of access to healthcare services. The selection process consists of two consecutive screening stages (first: title/abstract; second: full text). At both stages, two reviewers independently assess the eligibility of studies. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer will be involved. Cohen's kappa will be calculated to report inter-rater agreement between reviewers. Results are synthesised narratively, as a high heterogeneity of studies is expected. Ethics and dissemination No primary data are collected for the presented scoping review. Therefore, ethical approval is not necessary. The scoping review will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal, and findings will be presented on national and international conferences.}, language = {en} } @misc{LueckmannHoebelRoicketal., author = {Lueckmann, Sara Lena and Hoebel, Jens and Roick, Julia and Markert, Jenny and Spallek, Jacob and Knesebeck, Olaf von dem and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Socioeconomic inequalities in primary-care and specialist physician visits: a systematic review}, series = {International journal for equity in health}, volume = {20}, journal = {International journal for equity in health}, issn = {1475-9276}, doi = {10.1186/s12939-020-01375-1}, pages = {19}, abstract = {Background Utilization of primary-care and specialist physicians seems to be associated differently with socioeconomic status (SES). This review aims to summarize and compare the evidence on socioeconomic inequalities in consulting primary-care or specialist physicians in the general adult population in high-income countries. Methods We carried out a systematic search across the most relevant databases (Web of Science, Medline) and included all studies, published since 2004, reporting associations between SES and utilization of primary-care and/or specialist physicians. In total, 57 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Results Many studies found socioeconomic inequalities in physician utilization, but inequalities were more pronounced in visiting specialists than primary-care physicians. The results of the studies varied strongly according to the operationalization of utilization, namely whether a physician was visited (probability) or how often a physician was visited (frequency). For probabilities of visiting primary-care physicians predominantly no association with SES was found, but frequencies of visits were higher in the most disadvantaged. The most disadvantaged often had lower probabilities of visiting specialists, but in many studies no link was found between the number of visits and SES. Conclusion This systematic review emphasizes that inequalities to the detriment of the most deprived is primarily a problem in the probability of visiting specialist physicians. Healthcare policy should focus first off on effective access to specialist physicians in order to tackle inequalities in healthcare.}, language = {en} } @misc{UlrichKohlerSpalleketal., author = {Ulrich, Hanna-Sophie and Kohler, Emma and Spallek, Jacob and Richter, Matthias and Clauß, Daniel and Mlinarić, Martin}, title = {Explaining psychosocial care among unaccompanied minor refugees: a realist review}, series = {European child \& adolescent psychiatry}, volume = {31(2022)}, journal = {European child \& adolescent psychiatry}, number = {12}, issn = {1435-165X}, doi = {10.1007/s00787-021-01762-1}, pages = {1857 -- 1870}, abstract = {Research on the psychosocial care (PSC) of unaccompanied minor refugees (UMRs) has mainly taken a socioepidemiological approach and has focused on the perspectives of experts in the field. In contrast, the knowledge concerning the differing context factors and the underlying mechanisms of current PSC which could inform policy recommendations is scant. The study aims at unravelling the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of PSC for UMRs. For a realist review (RR), scientific evidence and gray literature were synthesised consistent with the RAMESES publication standards for realist synthesis. Based on an iterative keyword search in electronic databases (e.g., PubMed) and screening, 34 works from 2005 to 2019 were included in a realist synthesis. Theory-informed context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOs) were extracted, to explain underlying processes and mechanisms. Characterised by their interrelatedness, the dominant CMOs included the UMRs' intersections of transitions (e.g., adolescence and migration), their needs for culture-, and gender-sensitive PSC, and the undersupply of PSC. These contexts and outcomes are mediated by pre-, peri- and post-migratory stressors as well as care structures and are moreover influenced by overarching discourses and concepts. They comprise adverse and beneficial mechanisms in the PSC of UMRs. The existing literature grasps the PSC of UMRs by different disciplines and approaches but does not offer a comprehensive overview on micro-macro intersections and included discourses. The inclusion of lay perspectives and an intersectional approach could inform health service research. The reflection of UMR-related categorical constructs of resilience and vulnerability, discourses of othering, as well as restrictive health policies may guide policy recommendations.}, language = {en} } @misc{RichterChengCrumlinetal., author = {Richter, Matthias R. and Cheng, Wen-Hui and Crumlin, Ethan J. and Drisdell, Walter S. and Atwater, Harry A. and Schmeißer, Dieter and Lewis, Nathan S. and Brunschwig, Bruce S.}, title = {X‑ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Resonant X‑ray Spectroscopy Investigations of Interactions between Thin Metal Catalyst Films and Amorphous Titanium Dioxide Photoelectrode Protection Layers}, series = {Chemistry of Materials}, volume = {33}, journal = {Chemistry of Materials}, number = {4}, issn = {0897-4756}, doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04043}, pages = {1265 -- 1275}, abstract = {The use of electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and resonant X-ray spectroscopy has unlocked the paradox of interfacial hole conduction through amorphous TiO2 (a-TiO2) to deposited Ni, Ir, and Au metal catalysts. Although electrocatalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction derived from metallic Ir and Ni have mutually similar overpotentials in alkaline media, Si/a-TiO2/Ir interfaces exhibit higher overpotentials than Si/a-TiO2/Ni interfaces. The data allow formulation of full band energy diagrams for n-Si/a-TiO2/metal interfaces for M = Ni, Ir, or Au. Although both Ni and Ir produce band bending in a-TiO2 favoring hole conduction, only Ni creates multiple states within the a-TiO2 band gap at the a-TiO2/Ni interface, which produces a quasi-metallic interface at the a-TiO2/Ni junction. Au, however, produces a flat-band interface that limits hole conduction without any new band gap states.}, language = {en} } @misc{BlumeRattayHoffmannetal., author = {Blume, Miriam and Rattay, Petra and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Sander, Lydia and Herr, Raphael and Richter, Matthias and Moor, Irene and Dragano, Nico and Pischke, Claudia R. and Iashchenko, Iryna and H{\"o}vener, Claudia and Wachtler, Benjamin}, title = {Health Inequalities in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Characteristics}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {15}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18157739}, pages = {33}, abstract = {This scoping review systematically mapped evidence of the mediating and moderating effects of family characteristics on health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents (6-18 years) in countries with developed economies in Europe and North America. We conducted a systematic scoping review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. Evidence was synthesized narratively. Of the 12,403 records initially identified, 50 articles were included in the synthesis. The included studies were conducted in the United States (n = 27), Europe (n = 18), Canada (n = 3), or in multiple countries combined (n = 2). We found that mental health was the most frequently assessed health outcome. The included studies reported that different family characteristics mediated or moderated health inequalities. Parental mental health, parenting practices, and parent-child-relationships were most frequently examined, and were found to be important mediating or moderating factors. In addition, family conflict and distress were relevant family characteristics. Future research should integrate additional health outcomes besides mental health, and attempt to integrate the complexity of families. The family characteristics identified in this review represent potential starting points for reducing health inequalities in childhood and adolescence.}, language = {en} }