@misc{SchorradtCunningham, author = {Schorradt, Martin T. and Cunningham, Douglas W.}, title = {Erosion as a novel Approach for removing Semantics and Comparison of different State-of-Art-Methods}, series = {SAP '22: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2022}, journal = {SAP '22: ACM Symposium on Applied Perception 2022}, editor = {Lau, Manfred and Robb, Andrew and Barnett-Cowan, Michael and Serrano, Ana and Malpica, Sandra}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery New York NY United States}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9455-0}, doi = {10.1145/3548814.3551458}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {Through language, people convey not only pure semantics, but also information about themselves, such as age, gender, state of mind or health. The supralingual features that carry this information have been a subject of research for a long time. Various procedures have been proposed to remove unneeded semantics from speech recordings, in order to study supralingual information in natural speech. In this paper, we propose a new method for removing sematics, based on erosion, a morphological operator. We compare its effectiveness to different state-of-the-art methods. As established methods we consider two low pass filters with cut off frequencies of 450Hz and 1150Hz and Brownian noise. As a newer method we investigate a filter for spectro-temporal frequencies. To evaluate each method, appropriately processed recordings were presented to a group of participants in a perceptual experiment. The intelligibility was measured by means of the Levenshtein distance. Our results show that erosion itself performs similarly to the established methods, while a combination of erosion and low-pass filter outperforms all other methods.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchorradtCunningham, author = {Schorradt, Martin T. and Cunningham, Douglas W.}, title = {Age Regression for Human Voices}, series = {ICMI '22: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION Bengaluru India November 7 - 11, 2022}, journal = {ICMI '22: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION Bengaluru India November 7 - 11, 2022}, editor = {Tumuluri, Raj and Sebe, Nicu and Pingali, Gopal and Jayagopi, Dinesh Babu and Dhall, Abhinav and Singh, Richa and Anthony, Lisa and Salah, Albert Ali}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery New York NY United States}, isbn = {978-1-4503-9390-4}, doi = {10.1145/3536221.3556599}, pages = {570 -- 578}, abstract = {The human voice is one of our most important tools for communicating with other people. Besides pure semantic meaning it also conveys syntactical information such as emphasis as well as personal information such as emotional state, gender, and age. While the physical changes that occur to a person's voice are well studied, there is surprisingly little work on the perception of those changes. To hold the range of subtleties present in a given utterance constant and thus focus on the changes caused by age, this paper takes adult recordings (three males, and three females) and artificially resynthesizes them (using values from measurements of real children's voices) to create a childlike versions of the utterance at different target ages. In particular, we focus on a systematic, factorial combination pitch shifting and formant shifting. To get an insight about the influence of these factors on the estimated age, we performed a perceptual experiment. Since the resynthesis method we used can produce a wide range of voices, not all of which are physically consistent, we also asked the participants to rate how natural the voices sounded. Furthermore, since former studies suggest that people are not able to distinguish between males and females of young ages, participants were also asked to rate how male or female the voices sounded. Overall, we found that although the synthesis method produced physically plausible signals (compared average values for real children), the degree of signal manipulation was correlated with perceived unnaturalness. We also found that pitch shift had only a small affect on perceived age, that formant shift had a strong affect on perceived age, and that these effects depended on the original gender of the recording. As expected, people had difficulty guessing the gender of younger sounding voices.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchorradtLegdeCastilloetal., author = {Schorradt, Martin T. and Legde, Katharina and Castillo, Susana and Cunningham, Douglas W.}, title = {Integration and evaluation of emotion in an articulatory speech synthesis system}, series = {SAP '15, Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception}, booktitle = {SAP '15, Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Applied Perception}, publisher = {ACM}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-1-4503-3812-7}, pages = {S. 137}, language = {en} } @misc{SchorradtCastilloCunningham, author = {Schorradt, Martin T. and Castillo, Susana and Cunningham, Douglas W.}, title = {The Semantic Space for Emotional Speech and the Influence of Different Methods for Prosody Isolation on Its Perception}, series = {SAP '18: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Applied Perception}, journal = {SAP '18: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Applied Perception}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York, NY, United States}, isbn = {978-1-4503-5894-1}, doi = {10.1145/3225153.3225156}, pages = {1 -- 8}, language = {en} }