@misc{SeemannHerzKansokDuscheBartholomaeusetal., author = {Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bartholom{\"a}us, Peter and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hate speech intervention and prevention in schools: Study design of a systematic review}, series = {4TH CULTURAL DIVERSITY, MIGRATION, AND EDUCATION CONFERENCE. Awareness, Reflection, Action - Challenging Structural Inequities}, journal = {4TH CULTURAL DIVERSITY, MIGRATION, AND EDUCATION CONFERENCE. Awareness, Reflection, Action - Challenging Structural Inequities}, publisher = {Martin-Luther-Universit{\"a}t Halle-Wittenberg}, address = {Halle/Saale}, pages = {103}, abstract = {Hate speech is a growing social problem with a wide range of negative consequences. The term "hate speech" describes derogatory expressions about people that refer to group characteristics (e.g., skin color, gender, religion). It is directed at people (directly or vicariously) with the intention of harming them and is potentially harmful at multiple different levels (e.g., individually, socially) (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Inhumane statements against certain groups of people are not new phenomena. However, this form of expression of group- related misanthropy has become much more widespread in recent years (Hawdon et al., 2017). For example, evidence shows that young adolescents in particular increasingly observe hate material on the Internet (Smahel et al., 2020). After the Internet, school is a place where hate speech occurs and where children and adolescents witness but also become victims of hate speech (Castellanos et al., 2022; Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Schools represent a suitable location to address hate speech incidents and to prevent future hate speech. To date, there is little evidence on the availability of school-based anti-hate speech programs and their quality. An initial review in the German-speaking countries found 14 of these programs. However, very few of them have been evaluated, and their interventions have not been derived from a theoretical model (Seemann-Herz et al., 2022). This project is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. The aim of the project is to compile a catalogue of internationally available anti-hate speech programs, that are targeted particularly at children and youth and that can be used to deal with hate speech in schools. Furthermore, their quality and utility are to be evaluated on a criteria-driven basis by two independent reviewers. In addition to assessing whether the programs are preventive and/or interventive in nature, the analysis focuses on the programs' understanding of the term "hate speech," the theoretical basis of the programs, the intended target group, and the availability of evaluation results. Further quality criteria will be generated in a preliminary study through a qualitative survey of 12 teachers and 12 students in Brandenburg. Here, the focus is primarily on the user-oriented characteristics of the programs and the needs of teachers and students. Finally, the results of the systematic review will be used to derive recommendations for school practitioners. Recommendations for program developers will also be derived, with advice for further development, transfer, and adaptation of the programs. The poster will present and discuss the study design and preliminary results.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerMaunderBaumanetal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Maunder, Rachel and Bauman, Sheri and Bilz, Ludwig and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Teachers' Responses to Incidents of Bullying among Students: A Systematic Review on How Teachers React To and Manage Bullying Situations}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2023, October 25-27, 2023, North Carolina, U.S.A.}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2023, October 25-27, 2023, North Carolina, U.S.A.}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/UCREY}, pages = {56}, abstract = {Introduction Teachers play a vital part in bullying intervention in schools. Their front-line role in classrooms means they are often in a position to notice when bullying happens, and children may also report incidents directly to them (Colpin et al, 2021). Whether and how they respond to bullying sends important messages about the extent to which the behaviour is tolerated in school, and the relative success of actions has direct implications for the children involved, including whether the bullying stops, continues, or even worsens (Wachs et al, 2019). It is therefore important to understand the strategies they use to manage bullying. Whilst a body of empirical research has studied teacher intervention in bullying, the key aspects in the findings or the quality of this evidence has not been systematically examined. This systematic review therefore aims to answer the central question of 'how do teachers identify and respond to bullying incidents among students?' Subsidiary questions focus on how teachers determine if an incident of bullying has occurred; how teachers decide how to respond to bullying incident; what the strategies are that teachers use to respond to bullying incidents; the effectiveness of the responses for handling bullying situations, and how teachers' bullying responses are measured. Method Following pre-registration via the Open Science Framework (Fischer et al., 2022), the following databases were selected for the literature search given their widespread access, reputation, and coverage: Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, PubPsych, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Each database was interrogated using following search terms: (bully* OR bullie*) AND (teacher OR school staff OR monitor OR whole school OR educator OR tutor OR teach* assist*) AND (interven* OR prevent* OR handl* OR respon* OR tackl* OR measure OR methods OR action OR strateg* OR reaction OR react* OR approach OR practice OR anti-bullying). Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included. The search was restricted to publications in English or German, and no date range was imposed. Publications in peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, as well as grey literature were included. Title, abstracts, and keywords of the identified publications will be screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria include the use of the term 'bullying' (or 'mobbing' for German-language publications), the school context and school age, and any responses to bullying incidents that are performed by teachers or other teaching staff. Exclusion criteria include solely theoretical publications, bullying at college, university, or workplace, bullying outside the school context, purely preventive strategies, and evaluations of complex anti-bullying programmes. For both the screening and the data extraction, the software Covidence will be used. The procedure and coding system was adapted from Fischer et al. (2021). Results The data extraction is based on a detailed coding manual that had been tested within the research team. Two members of the coding team will code each study included in the full-text analysis. The quality assessment will also be included in the data extraction process and will be done with two instruments: One instrument that was developed by the research team based on the GRADE system with a focus on clearly defined key concepts and research questions as well as methodological aspects (e.g., sample size, critical reflection on the methods used), and one instrument that is established and suitable for both qualitative and quantitative studies (Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool MMAT, Hong et al., 2018). This procedure simultaneously enables the evaluation of the newly developed quality assessment tool. The data extraction is currently underway. The search in the databases and screening of title, abstract, and keywords is planned for spring 2023, and the data extraction will follow. At the WABF, we are going to present results on the quality assessment and interrater reliability as well as on the body of literature. In particular, the presentation of the results will focus on the breadth of teacher responses to incidents of bullying presented in the literature. Conclusion This systematic review provides a contemporary oversight of our existing knowledge on teacher intervention in bullying and highlights important avenues for further research. We will present detailed conclusions based on the results obtained. The expected results will provide a significant overview of the growing research on teacher interventions for bullying and will help to identify research gaps in the existing literature. Further, the results will highlight tendencies towards certain research methods and approaches to study teacher intervention, which provides opportunities for researchers to seek alternative designs and techniques going forward, and will help to identify research gaps in the existing literature. The systematic analysis of previously studied teacher responses to incidents of bullying will provide a significant foundation for future research. The information on how teachers identify bullying cases and the decision-making pathways underlying their responses has not been systematically collected so far, so the expected findings will provide an important foundation for future research and practical teacher training on anti-bullying interventions. In particular, the findings gathered on the effectiveness of teacher responses will have significant implications for the training of teachers, and guidance that can be provided to support teacher practice in schools. Selected references Colpin, H., Bauman, S. \& Menesini, E. (2021). Teachers' responses to bullying: Unravelling their consequences and antecedents: Introduction to the special issue. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(6), 781-797. Fischer, S. M., Bauman, S., Maunder, R., Scheithauer, H., \& Bilz, L. (2022). Teachers' interventions in bullying among students - A systematic review on how teachers react to and manage bullying situations. Preregistration Template from AsPredicted-org. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7VNBZ Fischer, S. M., John, N. \& Bilz, L. (2021). Teachers' self-efficacy in preventing and intervening in school bullying: A systematic review. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 3, 196-212. Hong, Q. N., F{\`a}bregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O'Cathain, A., Rousseau, M.-C., \& Vedel, I. (2018). Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) Version 2018. User Guide. Available under http://mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com Wachs, S., Bilz, L., Niproschke, S., \& Schubarth, W. (2019). Bullying intervention in schools: A multilevel analysis of teachers' success in handling bullying from the students' perspective. Journal of Early Adolescence, 39(5), 642-668.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerMaunderBilzetal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Maunder, Rachel and Bilz, Ludwig and Bauman, Sheri and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Teachers' Responses to Incidents of Bullying among Students: Study Protocol and Preliminary Results of a Systematic Review on How Teachers React to and Manage Bullying Situations}, series = {27th Workshop on Aggression}, journal = {27th Workshop on Aggression}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/QCGDX}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzKansokDuscheWachsetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander}, title = {Students' Reactions to Hate Speech in Schools: An Experimental Vignette Study on Situational Influences on the Use of Counterspeech}, series = {Aggression and bullying in different cultural contexts, Workshop on Aggression, 2023}, journal = {Aggression and bullying in different cultural contexts, Workshop on Aggression, 2023}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.15124.48001}, pages = {18}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheWachsWettsteinetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Die Reaktionen von Sch{\"u}ler:innen auf Hatespeech in Schulen: Eine experimentelle Vignetten-Studie zu situativen Einfl{\"u}ssen auf das Aus{\"u}ben von Counterspeech}, series = {Symposium "Determinanten von Hate Speech und Reaktionen auf Hate Speech bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen" Fachgruppentagung Entwicklungs­psychologie 25. Tagung (03. — 05. September 2023, Berlin)}, journal = {Symposium "Determinanten von Hate Speech und Reaktionen auf Hate Speech bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen" Fachgruppentagung Entwicklungs­psychologie 25. Tagung (03. — 05. September 2023, Berlin)}, pages = {23}, abstract = {Trotz weltweiter Bem{\"u}hungen zur Bek{\"a}mpfung von Diskriminierungen bleibt Hatespeech (dt. Hassrede) in vielen L{\"a}ndern ein wachsendes Problem. Hatespeech wird hier als intentional verletzende {\"A}ußerung {\"u}ber Personen verstanden, die herabw{\"u}rdigend auf zugeschriebene Merkmale sozialer Gruppen Bezug nimmt (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Hatespeech ist unter Jugendlichen weit verbreitet und auch im Schulkontext bedeutsam (Castellanos et al., 2023). Da Hatespeech mit negativen Konsequenzen f{\"u}r Betroffene und die Gesellschaft einhergeht, ist die Schule ein wichtiger Ort zur Hatespeech-Pr{\"a}vention. Forschungsarbeiten zu verwandten Ph{\"a}nomenen wie Mobbing betonen die wichtige Rolle von Zeug:innen. Bei Hatespeech in Schulen besteht diesbez{\"u}glich noch Forschungsbedarf zu Counterspeech (dt. Gegenrede), also Reaktionen von Sch{\"u}ler:innen mit dem Ziel Hatespeech-Vorf{\"a}lle zu stoppen. Die vorliegende Studie m{\"o}chte situative Einfl{\"u}sse auf das Aus{\"u}ben von Counterspeech untersuchen. Mit Bezug auf handlungstheoretische Ans{\"a}tze und Befunde zum Hilfeverhalten wird im On- und Offline-Setting der Einfluss des modellhaften Verhaltens der Lehrkr{\"a}fte und Mitsch{\"u}ler:innen ergr{\"u}ndet. Wir erwarten eine h{\"o}here Bereitschaft zu Counterspeech („Ich w{\"u}rde etwas gegen diese {\"A}ußerung tun oder sagen") bei Sch{\"u}ler:innen, wenn Lehrkr{\"a}fte und andere Mitsch{\"u}ler:innen den Vorfall nicht ignorieren. Die Stichprobe basiert auf Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzungen von 3225 Sch{\"u}ler:innen der Jahrgangsstufen 7 bis 9 aus 36 Schulen in Deutschland und der Schweiz. Zur Untersuchung unserer Forschungsfragen diente eine experimentelle Vignetten-Studie mit fiktionalen Hatespeech-Vorf{\"a}llen. Die Vignetten variierten die Lehrkraft-Reaktion (ja/nein), die Reaktion eines anwesenden Mitsch{\"u}lers (ja/nein) und das Setting (online/offline). Die Ergebnisse der aktuell laufenden Datenanalysen m{\"o}chten wir im Rahmen des Symposiums vorstellen. Wir erhoffen uns neue Erkenntnisse zu den Bedingungen unter denen Sch{\"u}ler:innen bei Hatespeech eingreifen.}, language = {de} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Die unsichtbare Kette. Ergebnisse der Lehrer-Gesundheitsstudie Brandenburg}, series = {Die Grundschule}, volume = {56}, journal = {Die Grundschule}, number = {6}, issn = {0533-3431}, pages = {14 -- 18}, language = {de} } @misc{KrauseWachsBilzetal., author = {Krause, Norman and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {„Eine Einsch{\"a}tzung, die in Sekunden passieren muss". Eine qualitative Studie zu Gr{\"u}nden f{\"u}r ausbleibende Interventionen durch das p{\"a}dagogische Schulpersonal bei Hatespeech unter Sch{\"u}ler:innen}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft}, volume = {26}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft}, number = {6}, issn = {1434-663X}, doi = {10.1007/s11618-023-01179-3}, pages = {1527 -- 1545}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie ermittelt erstmals Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r ausbleibende Interventionen durch p{\"a}dagogische Fachkr{\"a}fte bei Hatespeech-Vorf{\"a}llen in der Schule anhand des Entscheidungsmodells f{\"u}r Hilfeverhalten, das einen f{\"u}nfstufigen, kognitiven Abw{\"a}gungsprozess beschreibt, der einer m{\"o}glichen Intervention vorausgeht. Ausgewertet wurden 46 episodische Interviews mit Sch{\"u}ler:innen (n = 21), Lehrkr{\"a}ften (n = 16) und anderem p{\"a}dagogischem Schulpersonal (n = 9) aus Berlin und Brandenburg. Die Analyse des qualitativen Datenmaterials zeigt, dass sich auf allen f{\"u}nf Stufen des Abw{\"a}gungsprozesses Gr{\"u}nde finden lassen, warum Interventionen bei Hatespeech ausbleiben: Das Schulpersonal kann Hatespeech nicht immer wahrnehmen (1), deutet es vor dem Hintergrund jugendtypischer bzw. gewaltvoller Sprachnormen teils nicht als interventionsw{\"u}rdig (2), {\"u}bernimmt die Verantwortung teils nicht - insbesondere bei Online-Hatespeech (3), sch{\"a}tzt die eigenen Interventionskompetenzen als unzureichend ein (4) oder w{\"a}gt Kosten und Nutzen eines m{\"o}glichen Eingreifens zulasten einer tats{\"a}chlichen Interventionshandlung gegeneinander ab (5). Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass eine Sensibilisierung f{\"u}r Hatespeech und ihre Folgen f{\"u}r die Beteiligten, z. B. durch Aufkl{\"a}rung, die Verantwortungs{\"u}bernahme st{\"a}rken k{\"o}nnte. Im qualitativen Datenmaterial lassen sich zudem W{\"u}nsche des Schulpersonals nach Aus- und Weiterbildungsm{\"o}glichkeiten sowie Forderungen nach den notwendigen Kapazit{\"a}ten im Schulalltag finden, um bei Hatespeech angemessen intervenieren zu k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @misc{KrauseWachsBilzetal., author = {Krause, Norman and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {Dem Hass entgeg(n)en - Eine qualitative Studie zu den Interventionsstrategien, -zielen und -effekten durch p{\"a}dagogisches Schulpersonal bei Hatespeech in der Schule.}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r P{\"a}dagogik}, volume = {69}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r P{\"a}dagogik}, number = {3}, issn = {0044-3247}, doi = {10.3262/ZP2303310}, pages = {310 -- 332}, abstract = {Bisher ist wenig dar{\"u}ber bekannt, wie Schulen mit Hatespeech unter Sch{\"u}ler*innen umgehen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung soll einen ersten {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Interventionsstrategien, -ziele und -effekte des Schulpersonals bei Hatespeech in der Schule geben. Dazu wurden 46 episodische Interviews mit Sch{\"u}ler*innen (n = 21), Lehrkr{\"a}ften (n = 16) und anderem p{\"a}dagogischen Schulpersonal (n = 9) aus Berlin und Brandenburg ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis konnten acht Strategien klassifiziert werden (Bestrafungen, polizeiliche und juristische Maßnahmen, Instruktionen, Einbezug der Eltern, Einbezug anderer Schulakteur*innen, Mediationen, partizipativ-integrative Verhandlungen, schulexterne Projekt- und Trainingsangebote), denen jeweils Interventionsziele und berichtete Effekte zugeordnet werden konnten. Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede mit Erkenntnissen aus der Mobbingforschung und Implikationen f{\"u}r die Schulpraxis sowie f{\"u}r weitere Forschung werden diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Psychische Gesundheit in der Schule}, series = {P{\"a}diatrie \& P{\"a}dologie}, volume = {58}, journal = {P{\"a}diatrie \& P{\"a}dologie}, number = {S1}, issn = {0030-9338}, doi = {10.1007/s00608-022-01031-7}, pages = {8 -- 12}, abstract = {Der psychischen Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten verst{\"a}rkte Aufmerksamkeit zuteil geworden. Immer deutlicher zeichnet sich ab, dass psychische Probleme im Kindes- und Jugendalter eine hohe Vorhersagekraft f{\"u}r psychische Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter haben. Gleichzeitig verf{\"u}gen wir {\"u}ber einen immer breiter werdenden Erkenntnisstand zur Bedeutung des psychischen Wohlbefindens von Kindern und Jugendlichen f{\"u}r ihren schulischen Erfolg und f{\"u}r ihre soziale Teilhabe. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt die Lebenswelt Schule in das Blickfeld. Es werden Befunde zu schulbezogenen Ressourcen und Risikofaktoren f{\"u}r die psychische Gesundheit von Sch{\"u}ler*innen und zur Rolle von Lehrkr{\"a}ften bei der Fr{\"u}herkennung vorgestellt sowie Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r die F{\"o}rderung der psychischen Gesundheit in der Schule gezogen.}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheWettsteinBilzetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian and Castellanos, Melisa}, title = {Associations between Social Competence, Perceived Parents' Prosocial Educational Goals and Adolescents' Hate Speech Perpetration in School}, series = {The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence : 26th Workshop on Aggression, 10th-12th November 2022, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany}, journal = {The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence : 26th Workshop on Aggression, 10th-12th November 2022, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany}, pages = {14}, language = {de} }