@misc{KamanOttovaJordanBilzetal., author = {Kaman, Anne and Ottov{\´a}-Jordan, Veronika and Bilz, Ludwig and Sudeck, Gorden and Moor, Irene and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike}, title = {Subjective health and well-being of children and adolescents in Germany - Cross-sectional results of the 2017/18 HBSC study}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {5}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {3}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/6899}, pages = {7 -- 20}, abstract = {Subjective health is understood as a multidimensional construct that encompasses the physical, mental and social dimensions of a person's well-being. Promoting the subjective health and well-being of children and adolescents has strong public health relevance because health impairments in childhood and adolescence are often associated with long- term health problems in adulthood. Therefore, it is very important to gain information about potential risk and resource factors involved. This article presents current prevalences for subjective health, life satisfaction and psychosomatic health complaints among children and adolescents in Germany aged 11, 13 and 15 years from the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study (N=4,347, 53.0\% girls). It also examines the sociodemographic and psychosocial factors that influence subjective well-being. Most children and adolescents provided positive ratings of their health and life satisfaction. Nevertheless, about one third of girls and one fifth of boys were affected by multiple psychosomatic health complaints. Impairments in subjective well-being were particularly evident in girls, older adolescents, young people with low levels of family affluence and those under a lot of pressure at school. In contrast, high family support was associated with better subjective well-being. These results illustrate the need for target group-specific prevention and health promotion measures aimed at improving the subjective health and well-being of children and adolescents.}, language = {en} } @misc{MoorWinterBilzetal., author = {Moor, Irene and Winter, Kristina and Bilz, Ludwig and Bucksch, Jens and Finne, Emily and John, Nancy and Kolip, Petra and Paulsen, Lisa and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Schlattmann, Marina and Sudeck, Gorden and Brindley, Catherina and Kaman, Anne and Richter, Matthias}, title = {The 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study - Methodology of the World Health Organization's child and adolescent health study}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {5}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {3}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/6904}, pages = {88 -- 102}, abstract = {The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study is an international research project in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) for over 35 years. HBSC is the largest study on child and adolescent health and one of the most important sources of data for the WHO's international comparative health monitoring. Every four years, data on the health and health behaviour of students aged 11, 13 and 15, as well as the social contexts and conditions for growing up healthy, are collected. A total of 50 countries belong to the HBSC network, with 45 countries taking part in the 2017/18 survey. Germany has contributed to the HBSC surveys since 1993/94. For the most recent 2017/18 cycle, students at 146 schools in Germany were interviewed (response rate of schools: 15.6\%). A net sample of n = 4,347 girls and boys was achieved for Germany (response rate: 52.7\%). Participation was voluntary and the survey was conducted in German school years five, seven and nine (corresponding to ages 11, 13 and 15). A weighting procedure was applied to allow for representative findings on the health of children and adolescents in Germany. HBSC offers a valuable contribution to health monitoring and provides numerous starting points to identify needs, risk groups and fields of action to initiate targeted and actual needs-based measures of prevention and health promotion in the school setting.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerJohnMelzeretal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and John, Nancy and Melzer, Wolfgang and Kaman, Anne and Winter, Kristina and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Traditional bullying and cyberbullying among children and adolescents in Germany - Cross-sectional results of the 2017/18 HBSC study and trends}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {5}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {3}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/6902}, pages = {54 -- 68}, abstract = {Bullying is a specific form of violence that can potentially lead to numerous and long-term negative health implications. Despite consistent coverage in the media, particularly on cyberbullying, as of yet there are only few representative findings on the frequency of (cyber)bullying in Germany. This article analyses how widespread bullying and cyberbullying were at schools in Germany in 2018, what differences exist between girls and boys, age groups and various types of schools, and changes in bullying trends between 2002 and 2018. Our findings are based on an analysis of the data provided by the 2017/18 cycle (N=4,347 students, 53.0\% female) and previous cycles of the German Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. In the 2018 cycle, boys reported having bullied other children more frequently than girls, but were bullied just as often. 15-year-olds reported having bullied other children more frequently than 11- to- 13-year-olds but reported being bullied less frequently. Students at grammar schools (Gymnasium) least frequently reported any involvement in bullying. Only few children and adolescents reported cases of cyberbullying. Compared to all previous survey years, 2018 saw the lowest number of children that reported having bullied others. However, reports of having been bullied have remained almost stable. The findings highlight the need for evidence-based prevention and intervention anti-bullying programmes and measures across all types of general education schools and age groups.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerJohnBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and John, Nancy and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Teachers' self-efficacy in preventing and intervening in school bullying: A systematic review}, series = {International Journal of Bullying Prevention}, volume = {3(2021)}, journal = {International Journal of Bullying Prevention}, number = {3}, issn = {2523-3661}, doi = {10.1007/s42380-020-00079-y}, pages = {196 -- 212}, abstract = {Self-efficacy, commonly seen as an important competence for teachers when intervening in bullying, is a heterogeneous construct. Differences in the specific kinds of self-efficacy under review, its assessment, theoretical foundations, and the samples used when researching it generate diverse results that can be hard to integrate. This systematic review surveys existing literature on the extent of teachers' self-efficacy in managing bullying and its connection to the likelihood that teachers will intervene in bullying, to their intervention strategies, and the prevention measures they employ, as well as students' bullying behavior and their experiences of victimization. Thirty-six relevant publications based on 33 studies were included. The quality of their results was assessed, and their findings were systematized and are discussed here. Many studies are of low quality because of incomplete descriptions of underlying theoretical as well as methodological foundations. Almost all results are based on descriptive study designs. Consistent findings show that teachers generally feel confident in managing bullying and that teachers who are more confident intervene more often. Findings were mixed on the connections between teachers' self-efficacy and intervention strategies, and the prevention measures they used, as well as students' bullying behavior and experiences of victimization. It was also discovered that the connections between teachers' self-efficacy and their prevention measures, their students' bullying behavior, and collective efficacy in general have rarely been addressed in the literature.}, language = {en} } @misc{WachsGoerzigWrightetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and G{\"o}rzig, Anke and Wright, Michelle F. and Schubarth, Wilfried and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Associations among adolescents' relationships with parents, peers, and teachers, self-efficacy, and willingness to intervene in bullying: A social cognitive approach}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {17}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {2}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17020420}, pages = {16}, abstract = {We applied the Social Cognitive Theory to investigate whether parent-child relationships, bullying victimization, and teacher-student relationships are directly as well as indirectly via self-efficacy in social conflicts associated with adolescents' willingness to intervene in a bullying incident. There were 2071 (51.3\% male) adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 from 24 schools in Germany who participated in this study. A mediation test using structural equation modeling revealed that parent-child relationships, bullying victimization, and teacher-student relationships were directly related to adolescents' self-efficacy in social conflicts. Further, teacher-student relationships and bullying victimization were directly associated with adolescents' willingness to intervene in bullying. Finally, relationships with parents, peers and teachers were indirectly related to higher levels of students' willingness to intervene in bullying situations due to self-efficacy in social conflicts. Thus, our analysis confirms the general assumptions of Social Cognitive Theory and the usefulness of applying its approach to social conflicts such as bullying situations.}, language = {en} } @misc{WachsBilzNiproschkeetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Niproschke, Saskia and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {Bullying Intervention in Schools: A Multilevel Analysis of Teachers' Success in Handling Bullying From the Students' Perspective}, series = {Journal of Early Adolescence}, volume = {29}, journal = {Journal of Early Adolescence}, number = {5}, issn = {0272-4316}, doi = {10.1177/0272431618780423}, pages = {642 -- 668}, abstract = {To date, little has been known about teachers' success in bullying interventions. Thus, the present study analyzes how successfully teachers intervene in real bullying situations, based on an analysis of 1,996 reports by German students aged between 12 and 15 (49.2\% female) from 24 schools. Predictors of success included intervention strategy (authoritarian-punitive, supportive-individual, supportive-cooperative intervention), bullying form (physical, verbal, relational, cyber), and the student's bullying role (bully, victim, bystander) in the particular situation. Multilevel analyses showed that supportive-cooperative intervention strategies were the most successful in dealing with bullying in both the short and long term. In the long term, students evaluated teachers as being more successful in dealing with cyberbullying compared with physical bullying. Compared with students who observed bullying, students who perpetrated it were less likely to report that teachers' interventions were successful in the short term. Implications for bullying intervention, preservice teacher-training, and future research are discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Teachers' self-efficacy in bullying interventions and their probability of intervention}, series = {Psychology in the Schools}, volume = {56}, journal = {Psychology in the Schools}, number = {5}, issn = {1520-6807}, doi = {10.1002/pits.22229}, pages = {751 -- 764}, language = {en} } @incollection{WachsBilzFischeretal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {Students' Willingness to Intervene in Bullying: Direct and Indirect Associations with Classroom Cohesion and Self-Efficacy}, series = {Interventions to Reduce Bullying and Cyberbullying}, booktitle = {Interventions to Reduce Bullying and Cyberbullying}, editor = {Smith, Peter K. and Bauman, Sheri and Wong, Dennis}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {978-3-03921-359-7}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-360-3}, pages = {194 -- 204}, abstract = {Although school climate and self-efficacy have received some attention in the literature, as correlates of students' willingness to intervene in bullying, to date, very little is known about the potential mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between classroom climate and students' willingness to intervene in bullying. To this end, the present study analyzes whether the relationship between classroom cohesion (as one facet of classroom climate) and students' willingness to intervene in bullying situations is mediated by self-efficacy in social conflicts. This study is based on a representative stratified random sample of two thousand and seventy-one students (51.3\% male), between the ages of twelve and seventeen, from twenty-four schools in Germany. Results showed that between 43\% and 48\% of students reported that they would not intervene in bullying. A mediation test using the structural equation modeling framework revealed that classroom cohesion and self-efficacy in social conflicts were directly associated with students' willingness to intervene in bullying situations. Furthermore, classroom cohesion was indirectly associated with higher levels of students' willingness to intervene in bullying situations, due to self-efficacy in social conflicts. We thus conclude that: (1) It is crucial to increase students' willingness to intervene in bullying; (2) efforts to increase students' willingness to intervene in bullying should promote students' confidence in dealing with social conflicts and interpersonal relationships; and (3) self-efficacy plays an important role in understanding the relationship between classroom cohesion and students' willingness to intervene in bullying. Recommendations are provided to help increase adolescents' willingness to intervene in bullying and for future research.}, language = {en} } @misc{ReissBehnErhartetal., author = {Reiß, Franziska and Behn, Steven and Erhart, Michael and Strelow, Lisa and Kaman, Anne and Ottov{\´a}-Jordan, Veronika and Bilz, Ludwig and Moor, Irene and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike}, title = {Subjektive Gesundheit und psychosomatische Beschwerden von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der HBSC-Studie 2009/10 - 2022}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {1}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/11867}, pages = {7 -- 24}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Die subjektive Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden stellen wichtige Gesundheitsindikatoren im Kindes- und Jugendalter dar. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt aktuelle Ergebnisse sowie zeitliche Trends zwischen 2009/10 und 2022. Methode: Die „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)"-Studie erfasste in den Schuljahren 2009/10, 2013/14, 2017/18 und im Kalenderjahr 2022 bei N = 21.788 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern im Alter von 11 bis 15 Jahren deren subjektive Gesundheit, Lebenszufriedenheit und psychosomatische Beschwerden. Multivariate Regressionsanalysen zeigen die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen soziodemografischen Merkmalen und dem Wohlbefinden f{\"u}r 2022 sowie Trendverl{\"a}ufe seit 2009/10. Ergebnisse: Der Großteil der Kinder und Jugendlichen berichtet eine gute subjektive Gesundheit und eine hohe Lebenszufriedenheit. Etwa die H{\"a}lfte der M{\"a}dchen und ein Drittel der Jungen berichten multiple psychosomatische Gesundheitsbeschwerden, mit einem deutlichen Anstieg im zeitlichen Verlauf. {\"A}ltere Jugendliche, M{\"a}dchen und Genderdiverse haben ein erh{\"o}htes Risiko f{\"u}r ein geringes Wohlbefinden. Zwischen 2009/10 und 2022 variierten die subjektive Gesundheit und die Lebenszufriedenheit mit einer deutlichen Verschlechterung von 2017/18 zu 2022. Schlussfolgerungen: Der hohe Anteil von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit psychosomatischen Beschwerden sowie die aufgezeigten Geschlechts- und Altersdiskrepanzen verdeutlichen den Bedarf an zielgruppenspezifischer Pr{\"a}vention, Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung und einem kontinuierlichen Gesundheitsmonitoring.}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Mobbing und Cybermobbing an Schulen in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der HBSC-Studie 2022 und Trends von 2009/10 bis 2022}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {1}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/11871}, pages = {46 -- 67}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Mobbing ist eine Form der Gewalt, die wiederholt, mit der Absicht zu sch{\"a}digen und mit einem Machtungleichgewicht zwischen den Beteiligten ausge{\"u}bt wird. Mobbing hat schwerwiegende negative Auswirkungen auf die psychische Gesundheit Heranwachsender und stellt damit ein bedeutsames Gesundheitsrisiko im Kindes- und Jugendalter dar. Methode: Basierend auf den Daten der „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)"-Studie aus dem Erhebungsjahr 2022 in Deutschland (N=6.475) wurde analysiert, wie verbreitet schulisches Mobbing und Cybermobbing in Deutschland unter 11-, 13- und 15-J{\"a}hrigen waren. Zudem wurde die Verbreitung von schulischem Mobbing und Cybermobbing im Trendverlauf von 2009/10- 2022 (Mobbing) bzw. von 2017/18-2022 (Cybermobbing) analysiert. Ergebnisse: Rund 14\% der befragten Lernenden gaben direkte Erfahrungen mit schulischem Mobbing an, rund 7\% berichteten Cybermobbingerfahrungen als Gemobbte und/oder Mobbende. Heranwachsende, die sich als gender-divers identifizierten, gaben besonders h{\"a}ufig Mobbingerfahrungen an. Schulisches Mobbing nahm im Zeitverlauf ab, blieb zwischen 2017/18 und 2022 aber stabil. Cybermobbing nahm 2022 im Vergleich zu 2017/18 dagegen zu. Schlussfolgerungen: Mobbingerfahrungen in der Schule und online sind f{\"u}r viele Kinder und Jugendliche eine allt{\"a}gliche Erfahrung, sodass weiterhin Bedarf f{\"u}r eine breite Implementierung wirksamer Anti-Mobbing-Maßnahmen an Schulen besteht.}, language = {de} }