@misc{KansokDuscheBallaschkKrauseetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Ballaschk, Cindy and Krause, Norman and Zeißig, Anke and Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {A Systematic Review on Hate Speech among Children and Adolescents: Definitions, Prevalence, and Overlap with Related Phenomena}, series = {Trauma, Violence, \& Abuse}, volume = {24(2023)}, journal = {Trauma, Violence, \& Abuse}, number = {4}, issn = {1524-8380}, doi = {10.1177/15248380221108070}, pages = {2598 -- 2615}, abstract = {Little is known about the current state of research on the involvement of young people in hate speech. Thus, this systematic review presents findings on a) the prevalence of hate speech among children and adolescents and on hate speech definitions that guide prevalence assessments for this population; and b) the theoretical and empirical overlap of hate speech with related concepts. This review was guided by the Cochrane approach. To be included, publications were required to deal with real-life experiences of hate speech, to provide empirical data on prevalence for samples aged 5 to 21 years and they had to be published in academic formats. Included publications were full-text coded using two raters (κ = .80) and their quality was assessed. The string-guided electronic search (ERIC, SocInfo, Psycinfo, Psyndex) yielded 1,850 publications. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and their findings were systematized. Twelve publications were of medium quality due to minor deficiencies in their theoretical or methodological foundations. All studies used samples of adolescents and none of younger children. Nine out of 10 studies applied quantitative methodologies. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies were included. Results showed that frequencies for hate speech exposure were higher than those related to victimization and perpetration. Definitions of hate speech and assessment instruments were heterogeneous. Empirical evidence for an often theorized overlap between hate speech and bullying was found. The paper concludes by presenting a definition of hate speech, including implications for practice, policy, and research.}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzFischerHoppeHerfurthetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Hoppe-Herfurth, Anne-Cathrin and John, Nancy}, title = {A consequential partnership. The association between teachers' well-being and students' well-being and the role of teacher support as a mediator}, series = {26th Biennal Meeting of the ISSBD}, journal = {26th Biennal Meeting of the ISSBD}, publisher = {International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development}, address = {Rhodos, Greece}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.35890.48324}, pages = {1}, language = {en} } @misc{SeemannHerzKansokDuscheDixetal., author = {Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Dix, Alexandra and Wachs, Sebastian and Krause, Norman and Ballaschk, Cindy and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Schulbezogene Programme zum Umgang mit Hatespeech - Eine kriteriengeleitete Bestandsaufnahme}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung}, volume = {12}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung}, number = {3}, issn = {2190-6890}, doi = {10.1007/s35834-022-00348-4}, pages = {597 -- 614}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Beitrag informiert {\"u}ber 14 deutschsprachige Programme zur Pr{\"a}vention und Intervention bei Hatespeech unter Kindern und Jugendlichen (Jahrgangsstufen 5-12). Inhalte und Durchf{\"u}hrungsmodalit{\"a}ten derProgramme sowie Ergebnisse einer kriteriengeleiteten Qualit{\"a}tseinsch{\"a}tzung anhand von f{\"u}nf Kriterien werden im Hinblick auf deren Anwendung in der schulischen Praxis beschrieben und er{\"o}rtert. Der {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber Schwerpunkte, St{\"a}rken und Entwicklungspotentiale schulbezogener Hatespeech-Programme erm{\"o}glicht Leser*innen eine informierte Entscheidung {\"u}ber den Einsatz der Programme in der Schule sowie in der offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit.}, language = {de} } @misc{CosmaBjereldElgaretal., author = {Cosma, Alina and Bjereld, Ylva and Elgar, Frank J. and Richardson, Clive and Bilz, Ludwig and Craig, Wendy M. and Augustine, Lilly and Molcho, Michal and Malinowska-Cieślik, Marta and Walsh, Sophie D.}, title = {Gender Differences in Bullying Reflect Societal Gender Inequality: A Multilevel Study With Adolescents in 46 Countries}, series = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, volume = {71}, journal = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, number = {5}, issn = {1054-139X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.015}, pages = {601 -- 608}, abstract = {Purpose. Social patterns in bullying show consistent gender differences in adolescent perpetration and victimization with large cross-national variations. Previous research shows associations between societal gender inequality and gender differences in some violent behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond individual associations and use a more social ecological perspective when examining gender differences in bullying behaviors. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to explore cross-national gender differences in bullying behaviors and (2) to examine whether national-level gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent bullying behaviors. Methods. Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were measured in 11-year-olds to 15-year-olds in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n = 200,423). We linked individual data to national gender inequality (Gender Inequality Index, 2018) in 46 countries and tested their association using mixed-effects (multilevel) logistic regression models. Results. Large cross-national variations were observed in gender differences in bullying. Boys had higher odds of perpetrating both traditional and cyberbullying and victimization by traditional bullying than girls. Greater gender inequality at country level was associated with heightened gender differences in traditional bullying. In contrast, lower gender inequality was associated with larger gender differences for cyber victimization. Discussion. Societal gender inequality relates to adolescents' involvement in bullying and gendered patterns in bullying. Public health policy should target societal factors that have an impact on young people's behavior.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerDadaczynskiSudecketal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Dadaczynski, Kevin and Sudeck, Gorden and Rathmann, Katharina and Paakkari, Olli and Paakkari, Leena and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Measuring Health Literacy in Childhood and Adolescence with the Scale Health Literacy in School-Aged Children - German Version}, series = {Diagnostica}, volume = {68}, journal = {Diagnostica}, number = {4}, issn = {0012-1924}, doi = {10.1026/0012-1924/a000296}, pages = {184 -- 196}, abstract = {Health literacy can help explain health inequalities in childhood and adolescence. However, suitable instruments for assessing health literacy in this age group are rare, especially in the German-speaking countries. One economical measure is the 10-item Health Literacy in School-Aged Children (HLSAC) scale, developed and reviewed as part of the WHO Child and Adolescent Health Study (HBSC, Health Behavior in School-Aged Children). In the present study, we tested dimensionality, measurement invariance, and associations with health-related measures of the German version of the scale (HLSAC-German), using data from the 2018 national German HBSC study (N = 4,347 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years). We also tested HLSAC-German with 11-year-olds, representing an expansion of the original scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses consistently demonstrated the unidimensionality of the scale (α = .88). Complete scalar measurement invariance was found for sex and partial scalar measurement invariance for age groups and school type, allowing for the comparison of means. Associations with indicators of health and health behavior further demonstrate the construct validity of the scale. The analyses show that the scale is suitable for the economic measurement of a general factor of health literacy in 11- as well as in 13- and 15-year-olds.}, language = {en} } @misc{WachsCastellanosWettsteinetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Castellanos, Melisa and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig and G{\´a}mez-Guadix, Manuel}, title = {Associations Between Classroom Climate, Empathy, Self-Efficacy, and Countering Hate Speech Among Adolescents: A Multilevel Mediation Analysis}, series = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence}, volume = {38}, journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence}, number = {5-6}, issn = {0886-2605}, doi = {10.1177/08862605221120905}, pages = {5067 -- 5091}, abstract = {Although hate speech is widely recognized as an online phenomenon, very few studies have investigated hate speech among adolescents in offline settings (e.g., schools). At the same time, not much is known about countering hate speech (counterspeech) among adolescents and which factors are associated with it. To this end, the present study used the socio- ecological framework to investigate the direct and indirect links among one contextual factor (i.e., classroom climate) and two intrapersonal factors (i.e.,empathy for victims of hate speech, self-efficacy regarding intervention in hate speech) to understand counterspeech among adolescents. The sample is based on self-reports of 3,225 students in Grades 7 to 9 (51.7\% self- identified as female) from 36 schools in Germany and Switzerland. Self- report questionnaires were administered to measure classroom climate, empathy, self-efficacy, and counterspeech. After controlling for adolescents' grade, gender, immigrant background, and socioeconomic status (SES), the 2-(1-1)-1 multilevel mediation analysis showed that classroom climate (L2), empathy for victims of hate speech (L1), and self-efficacy toward intervention in hate speech (L1) had a positive effect on countering hate speech (L1). Classroom climate (L2) was also positively linked to empathy for victims of hate speech (L1), and self-efficacy toward intervention in hate speech (L1). Furthermore, classroom climate (L2) was indirectly associated with countering hate speech (L1) via greater empathy (L1) and self-efficacy (L1). The findings highlight the need to focus on contextual and intrapersonal factors when trying to facilitate adolescents' willingness to face hate speech with civic courage and proactively engage against it.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerDadaczynskiSudecketal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Dadaczynski, Kevin and Sudeck, Gorden and Rathmann, Katharina and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {„Health Literacy in School-Aged Children-German": Vorstellung eines Messinstruments zur Erhebung der Gesundheitskompetenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter}, series = {52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie. Programm.}, journal = {52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie. Programm.}, address = {Hildesheim}, pages = {51}, abstract = {Gesundheitskompetenz ist ein international relevanter Forschungsgegenstand, der bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter mit dem Gesundheitszustand, der Aus{\"u}bung gesundheitsbezogenen Risikoverhaltens und gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit zusammenh{\"a}ngt. Dennoch steht die Erforschung der Gesundheitskompetenz in Deutschland insbesondere im Kindes- und Jugendalter im internationalen Vergleich noch weitgehend am Anfang. Ein {\"o}konomisches Instrument zur Erhebung der Gesundheitskompetenz Heranwachsender stellt die 10-Item-Skala „Health Literarcy in School-Aged Children-German" (HLSAC-German) dar. Dabei handelt es sich um die deutsche Version der Skala HLSAC, welche in der international durchgef{\"u}hrten HBSC-Studie eingesetzt wird. In diesem Beitrag werden die Skala selbst sowie Befunde zur Dimensionalit{\"a}t, zur Messinvarianz in Bezug auf Geschlecht, Alter und Schulform und zu Zusammenh{\"a}ngen zu Indikatoren der Gesundheit und des Gesundheitsverhaltens vorgestellt. Die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Skala erfolgt anhand der Daten der deutschen HBSC-Studie 2018 (N = 4 347 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler im Alter von 11, 13 und 15 Jahren). Die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung in der Gruppe der 11-J{\"a}hrigen stellt dabei eine Erweiterung des Einsatzbereiches der Skala im internationalen Vergleich dar. Explorative und konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen belegen die Eindimensionalit{\"a}t der Skala. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen in multiplen Gruppen zeigen vollst{\"a}ndige skalare Messinvarianz bez{\"u}glich des Geschlechts und partielle skalare Messinvarianz bez{\"u}glich Altersgruppen und Schulform. Erwartungsgem{\"a}ß zeigen sich negative Zusammenh{\"a}nge zu subjektiv eingesch{\"a}tzten psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen und positive Zusammenh{\"a}nge zur k{\"o}rperlichen Aktivit{\"a}t. Die Ergebnisse weisen insgesamt auf eine eindimensionale Skala hin, mit welcher Mittelwertsvergleiche zul{\"a}ssig sind. Der Einsatz der Skala in der Gruppe der 11-j{\"a}hrigen ist m{\"o}glich, wobei punktuelle Schwierigkeiten bei der Beantwortung der Items und eine h{\"o}here Non-Response-Quote in dieser Altersgruppe erwartet werden m{\"u}ssen.}, language = {de} } @misc{WolgastFischerBilz, author = {Wolgast, Anett and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Teachers' Empathy for Bullying Victims, Understanding of Violence, and Likelihood of Intervention}, series = {Journal of School Violence}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of School Violence}, number = {4}, issn = {1538-8220}, doi = {10.1080/15388220.2022.2114488}, pages = {491 -- 503}, abstract = {Relational bullying is still underappreciated by teachers. Based on the theoretical model of teachers' intervention competence in bullying, the aim of the current research was to gain insights into the concurrent relationships between teachers' empathy, understanding of violence, and likelihood of intervention. In this study, n = 556 teachers (79.4\% female, Mage = 50.6) indicated on a questionnaire their empathy, understanding of relational violence, and likelihood of intervention in a relational bullying situation. The relationships were simultaneously estimated in a structural equation model. The results suggest significantly positive concurrent relations between these variables. We conclude that the effectiveness of teacher trainings could be increased through such elements as cognitive empathy training, raising awareness of violence, and teaching appropriate interventions in relational bullying situations.}, language = {en} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {The Association Between Teachers' Well-Being and Students' Well-Being and the Role of Teacher Support as a Mediator}, series = {EARA 2022 Conference "Diverse \& Digital" Dublin August 24-27}, journal = {EARA 2022 Conference "Diverse \& Digital" Dublin August 24-27}, publisher = {University College Dublin}, address = {Dublin}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheWettsteinWachsetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wettstein, Alexander and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Der Zusammenhang zwischen {\"U}berzeugungen von Lehrpersonen und ihrer Wahrnehmung von Hatespeech unter Sch{\"u}ler:innen}, series = {52. DGPs-Kongress in Hildesheim}, journal = {52. DGPs-Kongress in Hildesheim}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Hildesheim}, address = {Hildesheim}, pages = {86}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerMacaulayBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Macaulay, Peter J. R. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Broadening the contextual perspective on bullying: Direct and cross-level interaction effects between staff communication climate, classroom climate, and students' bullying experiences}, series = {26th Workshop on Aggression. The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence.}, journal = {26th Workshop on Aggression. The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence.}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Research on the development of bullying is often based upon Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model (Swearer \& Hymel, 2015). Thus, various relevant contextual variables have been identified, including classroom climate and school climate (Thornberg et al., 2018; Zych et al., 2019). School climate has been defined in different ways, mostly including relationships between people in the school environment (Wang et al., 2016). Empirically, only the relationships between students (also summarised within the class as classroom climate) and between teachers and pupils are usually considered. However, teachers have been identified as particularly significant in the bullying process and as role models for students (Colpin et al., 2021). Because of this, it is assumed that relationships among teachers can also be significant risk factors for student bullying. In this study, we investigate communication climate among teachers as part of the school climate and its associations to student bullying. In addition, we follow Bronfenbrenner's idea of interactions among contextual levels by considering both school climate and classroom climate and investigating moderation effects. Data was collected from more than 550 teachers and 2,000 students in 114 classes at 24 schools in Germany. The analyses involved three-level hierarchical binary regression analyses and cross-level interaction models. Findings suggest that staff communication climate is not associated directly with students' experiences with bullying, but that the worse staff communication climate, the more students bully others in classrooms with high rates of rivalry (cross-level moderation). The associations will further be analysed under consideration of relevant control variables. Final results will be presented at the conference. The study broadens the contextual perspective on bullying by including more than one level at once and supports the importance of a whole-school perspective on bullying.}, language = {en} } @misc{DadaczynskiRathmannSchrickeretal., author = {Dadaczynski, Kevin and Rathmann, Katharina and Schricker, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig and Sudeck, Gorden and Fischer, Saskia M. and Janiczek, Oliver and Quilling, Eike}, title = {Digital health literacy and health behaviors of eighth and ninth graders from Germany}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {32}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement 3}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.322}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background: Due to the high availability and use of digital media, health- related information is increasingly shifting into the digital space. While there are increasing empirical findings on general health literacy (HL), there is a lack of evidence on digital HL in adolescence and its association with health behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 490 secondary school students (grades eight and nine) from the federal state of Hesse was conducted from October 2019 to February 2020. Digital HL was assessed using five subscales of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), while consumption of fruits, vegetables, soft drinks, and weekly physical activity were used as indicators of health behavior. In addition to gender and grade level, subjective social status (SSS) was used as a social characteristic. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed, with binary-logistic regression adjusted for gender and SSS. Results: Across all items, the percentage of adolescents reporting difficulties in acquiring and dealing with digital health information ranges from 15.3 \% to 37.5 \%. Stratified by social characteristics, gender and socioeconomic differences were found with girls and respondents reporting a lower SSS more often showing a limited digital HL. Adolescents with moderate and low digital HL report higher levels of low physical activity, non-daily fruit and daily soft drink consumption. Depending on the health behavior, different relationship patterns can be observed for the dimensions of digital HL. Conclusions: The findings suggest a need for interventions to promote digital HL among adolescents, particularly for those of low SSS. In this context, the differential relationship patterns with health behaviors provide an avenue for the development of specific interventions.}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheWettsteinBilzetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian and Castellanos, Melisa}, title = {Associations between Social Competence, Perceived Parents' Prosocial Educational Goals and Adolescents' Hate Speech Perpetration in School}, series = {The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence : 26th Workshop on Aggression, 10th-12th November 2022, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany}, journal = {The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence : 26th Workshop on Aggression, 10th-12th November 2022, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany}, pages = {14}, language = {de} } @misc{BallaschkSchulzeReicheltWachsetal., author = {Ballaschk, Cindy and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Wachs, Sebastian and Krause, Norman and Wettstein, Alexander and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {Ist das (schon) Hatespeech? - Eine qualitative Untersuchung zum Verst{\"a}ndnis von Hatespeech unter p{\"a}dagogischem Schulpersonal}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung}, issn = {2190-6890}, doi = {10.1007/s35834-022-00367-1}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Hatespeech ist ein gesellschaftliches Ph{\"a}nomen, das auch die Lebenswelt Schule betrifft. Was jedoch p{\"a}dagogisches Schulpersonal unter Hatespeech versteht, ist unklar und daher Thema der vorliegenden Interviewstudie mit Lehrkr{\"a}ften (n = 18) und Sozialp{\"a}dagog_innen (n = 16). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Hatespeech als Herabsetzung verschiedener strukturell unterdr{\"u}ckter Gruppen verstanden wird (z. B. Transpersonen, Homosexuelle, j{\"u}dische Personen). Die Befragten erkennen subtilere Formen von Hatespeech oft nicht als Problem an und verstehen Hatespeech vorranging als Online-Ph{\"a}nomen, obwohl auch Vorf{\"a}lle in Schulen berichtet werden. Es l{\"a}sst sich schlussfolgern, dass p{\"a}dagogisches Schulpersonal f{\"u}r Offline-Hatespeech und subtilere Formen sensibilisiert werden muss, um ihre Interventionsbereitschaft zu steigern.}, language = {de} } @misc{ReissBehnErhartetal., author = {Reiß, Franziska and Behn, Steven and Erhart, Michael and Strelow, Lisa and Kaman, Anne and Ottov{\´a}-Jordan, Veronika and Bilz, Ludwig and Moor, Irene and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike}, title = {Subjective health and psychosomatic complaints of children and adolescents in Germany: Results of the HBSC study 2009/10 - 2022}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {1}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/11868}, pages = {7 -- 22}, abstract = {Background: Subjective health and well-being are important health indicators in childhood and adolescence. This article shows current results and trends over time between 2009/10 and 2022. Methods: The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study examined subjective health, life satisfaction and psychosomatic complaints of N = 21,788 students aged 11 to 15 years in the school years 2009/10, 2013/14, 2017/18 and in the calendar year 2022. Multivariate regression analyses show the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and well-being in 2022, as well as trends since 2009/10. Results: The majority of children and adolescents indicate a good subjective health and high life satisfaction. About half of the girls and one third of the boys report multiple psychosomatic health complaints, with a clear increase over time. Older adolescents, girls and gender diverse adolescents are at an increased risk of poor well-being. Subjective health and life satisfaction varied between 2009/10 and 2022, with a significant deterioration between 2017/18 and 2022. Conclusions: The high proportion of children and adolescents with psychosomatic complaints, as well as the observed gender and age differences, underline the need for target group-specific prevention, health promotion and continuous health monitoring.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Traditional bullying and cyberbullying at schools in Germany: Results of the HBSC study 2022 and trends from 2009/10 to 2022}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {1}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/11872}, pages = {42 -- 61}, abstract = {Background: Bullying is a form of violence that is carried out repeatedly, with the intention of causing harm and with an imbalance of power between those involved. Bullying has serious negative effects on the mental health of adolescents and thus represents a significant health risk in childhood and adolescence. Methods: Based on data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study from the survey year 2022 in Germany (N = 6,475), the prevalence of school bullying and cyberbullying among 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds in Germany was analysed. In addition, the prevalence of school bullying and cyberbullying was analysed as a trend from 2009/10 to 2022 (bullying) and from 2017/18 to 2022 (cyberbullying). Results: Around 14 \% of the learners surveyed reported direct experience of bullying at school, and around 7 \% reported cyberbullying experiences as bullied and/or bullying victims. Adolescents who identified as gender diverse were particularly likely to report bullying experiences. School bullying decreased over time, but remained stable between 2017/18 and 2022. Cyberbullying, on the other hand, increased in 2022 compared to 2017/18. Conclusions: Experiencing bullying at school and online is an everyday experience for many children and young people, so there is still a need for the broad implementation of effective anti-bullying measures in schools.}, language = {en} } @misc{MoorHerkeMarkertetal., author = {Moor, Irene and Herke, Max and Markert, Jenny and B{\"o}hm, Marie and Reiß, Franziska and Bilz, Ludwig and Sudeck, Gorden and Winter, Kristina}, title = {Trends in health inequalities in childhood and adolescence in Germany: Results of the HBSC study 2009/10 - 2022}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {1}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/11876}, pages = {79 -- 98}, abstract = {Background: Many studies have identified health inequalities in childhood and adolescence. However, it is unclear how these have developed in recent years, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Analyses are based on the German data from the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study from 2009/10 (n = 5,005), 2013/14 (n = 5,961), 2017/18 (n = 4,347), and 2022 (n = 6,475). A total of 21,788 students aged approximately between 11 and 15 years were included. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed using the Family Affluence Scale (FAS). Several health indicators were analysed stratified by gender using bivariate and multivariate analysis methods. Results: In 2022, there are clear socioeconomic inequalities in life satisfaction, self-rated health, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity. These inequalities remained largely constant or increased between 2009/10 and 2022. Between 2017/18 and 2022, no significant changes in inequalities were found. Conclusions: Health inequalities are persistent and reduce the chances of growing up healthy. There is no evidence that inequalities in the analysed outcomes have changed during the pandemic period (between 2017/18 and 2022). Rather, the changes in the health indicators seem to affect all adolescents in a similar way.}, language = {en} } @misc{WinterMoorMarkertetal., author = {Winter, Kristina and Moor, Irene and Markert, Jenny and Bilz, Ludwig and Bucksch, Jens and Dadaczynski, Kevin and Fischer, Saskia M. and Helmchen, Ronja M. and Kaman, Anne and M{\"o}ckel, Juliane and Rathmann, Katharina and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Reiß, Franziska and Schierl, Theresa and Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Sendatzki, Saskia and St{\"u}rmer, Elisabeth and Sudeck, Gorden and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Concept and methodology of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study - Insights into the current 2022 survey and trends in Germany}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {1}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/11878}, pages = {99 -- 117}, abstract = {Background: Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) is one of the largest international studies on child and adolescent health and cooperates with the World Health Organization (WHO). In Germany, adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 are surveyed every four years about their health, health behaviour and social conditions. This article describes the HBSC study and in particular the methodology of the current 2022 survey and prior surveys conducted between 2009/10 and 2017/18. Method: 174 schools with a total of 6,475 students participated in the 2022 survey. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and covered a wide range of topics (including mental health, physical activity, bullying experiences, social determinants of health and experiences related to COVID-19). The 2022 survey was complemented by a school principal survey (N = 160). In addition to the current sample, the samples of the three previous surveys with representative data for Germany are presented: 2009/10 (N = 5,005), 2013/14 (N = 5,961) and 2017/18 (N = 4,347). Discussion: The health of children and adolescents is of great public health importance. The HBSC study makes a substantial contribution by providing internationally comparable results, analysing trends, and providing stakeholders with comprehensive and representative health monitoring data.}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzWachsWettstein, author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander}, title = {Symposium: Der Umgang mit Hatespeech in der Schule: Reaktionsweisen von Sch{\"u}ler:innen und Lehrkr{\"a}ften}, series = {Alles auf Anfang? Bildung im digitalen Wandel. 9. GEBF-Tagung, 9. bis 11. M{\"a}rz 2022, Bamberg}, journal = {Alles auf Anfang? Bildung im digitalen Wandel. 9. GEBF-Tagung, 9. bis 11. M{\"a}rz 2022, Bamberg}, edition = {Aktualisierte Version, Stand: 9.3.22}, publisher = {Leibniz-Institut f{\"u}r Bildungsverl{\"a}ufe}, address = {Bamberg}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.19248.78089}, abstract = {Das Ph{\"a}nomen Hatespeech (dt. Hassrede) wird momentan weltweit als Problem wahrgenommen, das sich parallel mit der zunehmenden Nutzung sozialer Medien ausbreitet und den sozialen Zusammenhalt von Gesellschaften gef{\"a}hrdet. Hiervon zeugen l{\"a}nder{\"u}bergreifende Initiativen zur Eind{\"a}mmung von Hatespeech, z.B. der Vereinten Nationen oder der Europ{\"a}ischen Kommission. Zumeist werden unter Hatespeech {\"A}ußerungen verstanden, durch die Menschen auf der Grundlage bestimmter Gruppenmerkmale (z.B. ethnische Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit, Geschlecht, sexuelle Orientierung) abgewertet werden. Spezifischere Definitionen betonen zudem, dass eine Sch{\"a}digungsabsicht sowie ein Sch{\"a}digungspotenzial auf verschiedenen Ebenen (z. B. individuell, gesellschaftlich) vorliegen m{\"u}ssen. Kinder und Jugendliche gelten als besonders anf{\"a}llig f{\"u}r die sch{\"a}dlichen Auswirkungen von Hatespeech. J{\"u}ngste Forschungen zeigen, dass Personen, die Cyberhate ausgesetzt sind, h{\"a}ufig Gef{\"u}hle von Wut, Scham und Schuld sowie ein vermindertes Vertrauen erleben (UK Safer Internet Centre, 2016; Reichelmann et al., 2020; Krause et al., 2021; N{\"a}si et. al, 2015). Die Konfrontation mit Hatespeech kann auch Prozesse der politischen Radikalisierung beg{\"u}nstigen (Bilewicz \& Soral, 2020). Somit stellt Hatespeech auch f{\"u}r die Schule eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Zum einen machen Kinder und Jugendliche auch in dieser Lebenswelt Erfahrungen mit Hatespeech, zum anderen ist die Schule der Ort, an dem diesen Entwicklungen durch Demokratie- und Medienerziehung sowie Soziales Lernen entgegengewirkt werden kann (Wachs et al., 2021). Die empirische Basis hierf{\"u}r ist jedoch {\"a}ußerst schmal. Es liegen weder zur Verbreitung von Erfahrungen mit Hatespeech im Kindes- und Jugendalter noch zu den Ursachen oder wirksamen Interventions- und Pr{\"a}ventionsstrategien Studienbefunde vor. Auch bez{\"u}glich der Schnittmenge mit verwandten Ph{\"a}nomenen, wie z.B. Mobbing, gibt es bisher kaum Erkenntnisse. An diesen Forschungsl{\"u}cken setzt das geplante Symposium an. Aus der Mobbingforschung ist bekannt, dass die Reaktionen des Umfeldes eine wichtige Rolle bei der Eind{\"a}mmung von Gewalt spielen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in den drei Einzel-Beitr{\"a}gen Forschungsergebnisse zur Verbreitung von Hatespeech und zu den Reaktionen von Sch{\"u}ler:innen und Lehrkr{\"a}ften vorgestellt, die sowohl auf qualitativen als auch auf quantitativen Zug{\"a}ngen beruhen. Entstanden sind sie im Rahmen eines aktuellen DFG-Forschungsprojektes mit erziehungswissenschaftlichen und psychologischen Forschungsteams in Deutschland und der Schweiz. Befragt wurden {\"u}ber 3.600 Sch{\"u}ler:innen und fast 500 Lehrkr{\"a}fte in beiden L{\"a}ndern. Im Rahmen des Symposiums sollen die Ergebnisse diskutiert und Implikationen f{\"u}r weitere Forschungen im Rahmen dieses Projekts sowie dar{\"u}ber hinaus abgeleitet werden.}, language = {de} } @misc{BilzWachs, author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Symposium: Hass kennt keine Grenzen: Empirische Studien zu Hatespeech-Erfahrungen von Jugendlichen in der Schule und im Internet}, series = {Entgrenzungen, 28. DGfE-Kongress, 14. M{\"a}rz 2022}, journal = {Entgrenzungen, 28. DGfE-Kongress, 14. M{\"a}rz 2022}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Bremen}, address = {Bremen}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.15893.33761}, abstract = {In den letzten Jahren ist digitales Hassmaterial zu einem gewissen Alltagserleben in der Onlinewelt geworden. Ein Fachbegriff, der diese verrohte Kommunikationskultur zum Ausdruck bringt, ist Hatespeech. Hatespeech beschreibt kommunikative {\"A}ußerungen, mit dem Ziel gewisse Personengruppen (z.B. aufgrund der nationalen Herkunft, Religionszugeh{\"o}rigkeit, sexuellen Orientierung) {\"o}ffentlich und mit Absicht auszugrenzen, abzuwerten oder zu dem{\"u}tigen (Wachs et al., 2020). Hatespeech ist jedoch nicht auf die Onlinewelt beschr{\"a}nkt, auch in der Schule werden Sch{\"u}ler*innen und p{\"a}dagogisches Schulpersonal damit konfrontiert (Ballaschk et al., in press; Krause et al., 2021). Dabei kommt der Schule eine besondere Rolle zu. Sie ist nicht nur ein Ort der demokratischen Wissensvermittlung, sondern auch demokratischer Erfahrungsraum f{\"u}r Heranwachsende, dessen Aufgabe darin besteht, diskriminierenden und demokratiefeindlichen Tendenzen, zu denen auch Hatespeech gez{\"a}hlt werden kann, entgegenzuwirken (KMK, 2018). Bis heute liegt jedoch nur sehr wenig empirisch abgesichertes Wissen {\"u}ber Hatespeech unter Heranwachsenden und dem Umgang damit in der Schule vor. Hier setzt das vorliegende Symposium an, in dem empirische Beitr{\"a}ge basierend auf qualitativen und quantitativen Studien pr{\"a}sentiert werden und Implikationen f{\"u}r die zuk{\"u}nftige Forschung und die p{\"a}dagogische Praxis abgeleitet werden.}, language = {de} }