@book{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Einsamkeit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im Kontext Schule}, publisher = {Institut f{\"u}r Sozialarbeit und Sozialp{\"a}dagogik e.V. - Kompetenznetz Einsamkeit}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-88493-275-9}, pages = {68}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Einsamkeit ist bei Kindern und Jugendlichen weit verbreitet und steht mit zahlreichen physischen, psychischen und schulischen Faktoren im Zusammenhang. F{\"u}r Deutschland liegen dazu jedoch erst wenige empirische Erkenntnisse vor. Ziel dieser Expertise ist es daher, einen {\"U}berblick des Forschungsstandes zum Thema zu liefern und mit Hilfe aktueller Daten zu untersuchen, inwieweit Einsamkeit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit schulischen Aspekten (Schulform, Schulzufriedenheit, schulischen Belastungen und schulischer Unterst{\"u}tzung) in Verbindung steht. Methodik: Ausgewertet werden Daten der Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Studie (HBSC) Brandenburg. Die HBSC-Studie ist ein internationales Forschungsvorhaben, das im Turnus von vier Jahren unter der Schirmherrschaft der Weltgesundheitsorganisation durchgef{\"u}hrt wird. Rund 4.000 Sch{\"u}ler*innen der Klassenstufen 5, 7 und 9 aus allgemeinbildenden Schulen in Brandenburg wurden unter anderem zu ihrem Erleben von Einsamkeit und ihren Wahrnehmungen der schulischen Umwelt befragt. Ergebnisse: Mehr als 10 \% der Sch{\"u}ler*innen k{\"o}nnen als einsam eingestuft werden, wobei M{\"a}dchen, Heranwachsende mit der Geschlechtszuschreibung „Divers" und {\"a}ltere Jugendliche st{\"a}rker betroffen sind. Einsame Sch{\"u}ler*innen berichten von einer h{\"o}heren schulischen Belastung, einer geringeren Schulzufriedenheit und geringerer Unterst{\"u}tzung durch Lehrkr{\"a}fte und Mitsch{\"u}ler*innen. Schlussfolgerung: Einsamkeit in der Kindheit und Jugend spielt auch im schulischen Kontext eine wichtige Rolle. Sch{\"u}ler*innen sollten in ihren emotionalen und sozialen Kompetenzen gest{\"a}rkt werden. Lehrkr{\"a}fte k{\"o}nnen zu einem positiven Schulklima und einer sozialen Unterst{\"u}tzung der Lernenden beitragen und so Einsamkeit begegnen.}, language = {de} } @misc{BilzKansokDuscheFischeretal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bartholom{\"a}us, Peter}, title = {What works in hate speech intervention and prevention in schools? First results of a systematic review}, series = {28TH WORKSHOP ON AGGRESSION}, journal = {28TH WORKSHOP ON AGGRESSION}, address = {Nottingham}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.35879.97440}, pages = {18}, abstract = {Hate speech is a global social problem with a multitude of negative consequences. Derogatory expressions against certain groups of people are not a new phenomenon. However, hate speech has become much more widespread in recent years. After the Internet, the school is a place where hate speech occurs and where children and young people perpetrate, witness, and become victims of hate speech (Castellanos et al., 2023; Kansok-Dusche et al., 2023). Schools represent a suitable location to address hate speech incidents and to prevent future hate speech. To date, there is limited evidence on the availability, quality, and effectiveness of school-based anti-hate speech programs. The objective of this systematic review is to compile a catalogue of available anti-hate speech programs, that are particularly aimed at children and youth and that can be used to deal with hate speech in schools. Furthermore, their quality and utility are to be evaluated on a criteria-driven basis by two independent reviewers. The presentation will provide an overview of the 27 programmes identified and the initial results regarding their quality. Recommendations are given for the implementation of these programmes in schools and for their further improvement.}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzWettsteinWachsetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Wettstein, Alexander and Wachs, Sebastian and Kansok-Dusche, Julia}, title = {What matters for a teachers' response to hate speech in school? Associations between teachers' social dominance orientation and empathy with their hate speech interventions in school}, series = {28th Workshop on Aggression, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham (UK)}, journal = {28th Workshop on Aggression, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham (UK)}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/HC3K6}, pages = {17}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Mobbing und Cybermobbing unter Sch{\"u}ler*innen. Eine Herausforderung f{\"u}r die ganze Schule}, series = {Dreizehn - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Jugendsozialarbeit}, volume = {32}, journal = {Dreizehn - Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Jugendsozialarbeit}, issn = {1867-0571}, pages = {16 -- 19}, language = {de} } @techreport{HBSCStudienverbundDeutschlandFischerBilz, author = {HBSC Studienverbund Deutschland, and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Schulisches Mobbing und Cybermobbing von Kindern und Jugendlichen - Faktenblatt zur Studie Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2022}, pages = {6}, language = {de} } @techreport{HBSCStudienverbundDeutschlandKansokDuscheBilz, author = {HBSC Studienverbund Deutschland, and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Schulisches Belastungserleben von Kindern und Jugendlichen - Faktenblatt zur Studie Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2022}, pages = {5}, language = {de} } @misc{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Increasing loneliness among children and adolescents from 2018 to 2022: A cross-sectional survey before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic}, series = {The 27th Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development (ISSBD)}, journal = {The 27th Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development (ISSBD)}, address = {Lissabon}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.29755.43047}, pages = {1}, language = {en} } @misc{DadaczynskiMoorBuckschetal., author = {Dadaczynski, Kevin and Moor, Irene and Bucksch, Jens and Winter, Kristina and Schierl, Theresa and Bilz, Ludwig and Reiß, Franziska}, title = {Gesundheitsverhalten und Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Ergebnisse der Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Studie 2022}, series = {Gesundheit - gemeinsam. Kooperationstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (GMDS), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Epidemiologie (DGEpi), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Medizinische Soziologie (DGMS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Public Health (DGPH). Dresden}, journal = {Gesundheit - gemeinsam. Kooperationstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (GMDS), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Epidemiologie (DGEpi), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Medizinische Soziologie (DGMS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Public Health (DGPH). Dresden}, publisher = {German Medical Science GMS Publishing House}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, doi = {10.3205/24gmds888}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheBilzWettsteinetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig and Wettstein, Alexander and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {{\"U}berzeugungen von Lehrkr{\"a}ften und ihre Interventionen bei Hatespeech in der Schule}, series = {Symposium (Chair Saskia Fischer): "Gewaltph{\"a}nomene in der Schule: Die Rolle der Lehrkraft im Umgang mit Mobbing \& Hatespeech" (19.9.2024). 53. Kongress der Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie (DGPs). Universit{\"a}t Wien, {\"O}sterreich.}, journal = {Symposium (Chair Saskia Fischer): "Gewaltph{\"a}nomene in der Schule: Die Rolle der Lehrkraft im Umgang mit Mobbing \& Hatespeech" (19.9.2024). 53. Kongress der Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie (DGPs). Universit{\"a}t Wien, {\"O}sterreich.}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/X9UW2}, pages = {18}, language = {de} } @misc{ZeissigMoellerFischeretal., author = {Zeißig, Anke and M{\"o}ller, Julia and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Bed{\"u}rfnisbezogene Korrelate der Langeweile und Indikatoren der Kreativit{\"a}t im Unterrichtskontext}, series = {53. DGPs-Kongress / 15. {\"O}GP-Konferenz, 16.-19. September}, journal = {53. DGPs-Kongress / 15. {\"O}GP-Konferenz, 16.-19. September}, address = {Wien}, doi = {10.23668/psycharchives.15449}, abstract = {Langeweile ist eine der am h{\"a}ufigsten und intensivsten erlebten Emotionen im Unterricht. Studien zeigen, dass die Langeweile eine oberfl{\"a}chliche Verarbeitung von Informationen zur Folge haben kann, kognitive und metakognitive F{\"a}higkeiten sowie anwendungsbezogenes, probleml{\"o}sendes und nachhaltiges Lernen beeintr{\"a}chtigen und sich negativ auf akademische Leistungen auswirken kann. Auf der anderen Seite sehen Forschende die Langeweile als ein Signal an, dass eine Ausrichtung mentaler Prozesse zu Sinnhaftigkeit und Kreativit{\"a}t erm{\"o}glichen und ungenutzte kognitive Potenziale erschließen k{\"o}nnte. Ein Schl{\"u}ssel f{\"u}r das Verst{\"a}ndnis und die Untersuchung dieser scheinbar widerspr{\"u}chlichen Annahmen k{\"o}nnten bed{\"u}rfnisbezogene Korrelate der Langeweile sein. Je nach assoziierter Bed{\"u}rfnislage (z.B. Kompetenz, Autonomie, Stimulation, Sinnhaftigkeit) k{\"o}nnten sich unterschiedliche Verbindungen eines Zustandes der Langeweile zu kreativen Impulsen ergeben. Diese Annahme wird in einer Studie mit Lernenden der 9. Klassen in Gymnasien mit einer Experience-Sampling-Erhebung untersucht. Die aktuell laufenden Erhebungen finden jeweils eine Woche pro Klasse statt. Die Lernenden werden dabei jeweils mehrfach in verschiedenen Unterrichtssituationen untersucht. Wir wollen ermitteln, inwieweit das Aufkommen von Langeweile in Unterrichtssituationen mit unerf{\"u}llten psychischen Bed{\"u}rfnissen assoziiert ist und ob ein empfundener Mangel an Stimulanz oder Sinnhaftigkeit mit Kreativit{\"a}tsimpulsen verbunden ist. Wir stellen erste Ergebnisse vor und diskutieren diese vor dem Hintergrund einer differenziellen Betrachtung der Daten der Lernenden.}, language = {de} } @misc{ButlerWohlrabBlankMatthesetal., author = {Butler, Jeffrey and Wohlrab, Doris and Blank-Matthes, Daniela and Bilz, Ludwig and Thom, Julia}, title = {Psychische Gesundheit in der Gesundheitsberichterstattung (GBE)}, series = {Gesundheit - gemeinsam. Kooperationstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (GMDS), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Epidemiologie (DGEpi), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Medizinische Soziologie (DGMS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Public Health (DGPH)}, journal = {Gesundheit - gemeinsam. Kooperationstagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (GMDS), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sozialmedizin und Pr{\"a}vention (DGSMP), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Epidemiologie (DGEpi), Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Medizinische Soziologie (DGMS) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Public Health (DGPH)}, publisher = {ZB MED - Information Centre for Life Science}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, doi = {10.3205/24gmds883}, language = {de} } @misc{BilzFischerMaunderetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Maunder, Rachel and Bauman, Sheri and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Interventionen von Lehrkr{\"a}ften bei Mobbing in der Schule: Erste Ergebnisse eines systematischen Reviews}, series = {Menschen Mitwelt Medien - 53. DGPs Kongress Wien}, journal = {Menschen Mitwelt Medien - 53. DGPs Kongress Wien}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Wien}, address = {Wien}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.17765.41447}, pages = {571 -- 572}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerWolgastSchuetzetal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Wolgast, Anett and Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Mobbing-Erfahrungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Schule und ihre psychische Gesundheit: Die Rolle ihrer erlebten Unterst{\"u}tzung durch Lehrkr{\"a}fte, Mitsch{\"u}ler:innen, Familie und Freund:innen}, series = {53. DGPs-Kongress Wien}, journal = {53. DGPs-Kongress Wien}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/F5ZSJ}, abstract = {Mobbing-Erfahrungen stellen einen Risikofaktor f{\"u}r die psychische Gesundheit von Heranwachsenden dar. Sozial-{\"o}kologische Modelle sprechen f{\"u}r die Annahme, dass erlebte soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung die negativen Auswirkungen von Mobbing auf die psychische Gesundheit verringern kann, wobei je nach Entwicklungsstufe der Heranwachsenden und der Unterst{\"u}tzungsquelle Unterschiede zu erwarten sind. Zur Rolle der sozialen Unterst{\"u}tzung bei Mobbing-Erfahrung liegen jedoch widerspr{\"u}chliche Ergebnisse vor. Die vorliegende Studie ging der Frage nach, welche Effekte soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Mobbing-Erfahrungen und psychischer Gesundheit von Heranwachsenden hat. Daf{\"u}r wurden Querschnittsdaten von 3.801 Heranwachsenden der Jahrgangstufen 5, 7 und 9 (52.6 \% weiblich, MAlter = 13.50 Jahre) aus der 2022er Brandenburger HBSC-Teilstudie („Health Behaviour in School-aged Children") mittels Strukturgleichungsmodellierung analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen erwartete negative Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Opfererfahrungen und psychischer Gesundheit, jedoch auch unerwartete positive Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der Mobbing-Aus{\"u}bung und dem Wohlbefinden. Positive Zusammenh{\"a}nge existieren zudem zwischen der psychischen Gesundheit und der erlebten sozialen Unterst{\"u}tzung durch die Familie, Lehrpersonen und Mitsch{\"u}ler:innen, jedoch nicht Freund:innen. Interaktionseffekte legen nahe, dass die erlebte soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung durch die Familie und die Lehrpersonen den negativen Zusammenhang zwischen Opfererfahrungen und psychischer Gesundheit verringern kann. Die Jahrgangsstufen moderieren diese komplexen Zusammenh{\"a}nge. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung der sozialen Unterst{\"u}tzung als Schutzfaktor bei Mobbing und die Notwendigkeit, verschiedene Unterst{\"u}tzungsquellen separat zu betrachten. Es ergeben sich Implikationen f{\"u}r Maßnahmen der Gewaltpr{\"a}vention und der (psychischen) Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung in der Schule.}, language = {de} } @incollection{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Teachers bullying intervention competence: a German study on aspects of crucial competence for bullying interventions in schools}, series = {Handbook of School Violence, Bullying and Safety}, booktitle = {Handbook of School Violence, Bullying and Safety}, editor = {Hong, Jun S. and Chan, Heng C. and Fung, Annis L. C. and Lee, Jungip}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, address = {Cheltenham}, isbn = {9781035301355}, doi = {10.4337/9781035301362.00042}, pages = {403 -- 416}, abstract = {Teachers can play a crucial role when it comes to bullying among students. The way teachers respond to incidents of bullying can impact students' attitudes and behaviors. Because of this, intervening successfully in bullying is an important part of teachers' day-to-day work in school. Intervening successfully requires specific competence and, in 2015, a theoretical model of teacher bullying intervention competence was introduced, based on earlier teacher competence models and studies. This model suggests that teachers' competencies in bullying interventions consist of four competence dimensions, namely knowledge, beliefs, motivational orientation, and self-regulation. Since then, several studies have been conducted on this model. In this chapter, we will summarize recent empirical findings on the model based on data from 556 teachers and 2,071 students in Germany. We then revise the model based on these empirical findings. Limitations and implications are discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzFischer, author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M.}, title = {Mobbing und Cybermobbing an Schulen in Deutschland von 2009/10 bis 2022}, series = {"Gesundheit - gemeinsam denken, forschen, handeln". Kooperationstagung der GMDS, DGSMP, DGEpi, DGMS und DGPH}, journal = {"Gesundheit - gemeinsam denken, forschen, handeln". Kooperationstagung der GMDS, DGSMP, DGEpi, DGMS und DGPH}, address = {Dresden}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.31663.96165}, pages = {16}, language = {de} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Die HBSC-Studie Brandenburg. Ein Beitrag zur regionalen Gesundheitsberichterstattung im Bereich der psychischen Gesundheit und zur schulischen Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung}, series = {"Gesundheit - gemeinsam denken, forschen, handeln". Kooperationstagung der GMDS, DGSMP, DGEpi, DGMS und DGPH}, journal = {"Gesundheit - gemeinsam denken, forschen, handeln". Kooperationstagung der GMDS, DGSMP, DGEpi, DGMS und DGPH}, address = {Dresden}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.24953.07529}, pages = {19}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheWettsteinFischeretal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wettstein, Alexander and Fischer, Saskia M. and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Associations between teachers' beliefs and their perception of hate speech in school: a study in Germany and Switzerland}, series = {Frontiers in Education}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Education}, publisher = {Frontiers Media SA}, issn = {2504-284X}, doi = {10.3389/feduc.2024.1432013}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Hate speech is a global issue that is also prevalent among adolescents and requires an educational response. Teachers handle hate speech as part of their professional role. To date, we know little about their beliefs in relation to the early stages of their interventional actions, specifically to their perception of hate speech in school. Thus, this study examined associations between teachers' social dominance orientation, their pluralist attitude, and their hate speech perception in school. A sample of 471 secondary school teachers from 38 schools (Germany: n = 251; Switzerland: n = 220) participated in a self-report survey from December 2020 to April 2021 (MAge = 42.8 years; 57.7\% females; 21.0\% with migration status). Data from a total of 3,560 students from grades 7-9 (Germany: n = 1,841; Switzerland: n = 1,719) were matched with teachers' data to control for students' hate speech perception in school. Fixed effects multilevel regressions were run, including covariates (teachers' age, gender, migration status, students' hate speech perception), teachers' social dominance orientation, pluralist attitude, and their hate speech perception in school. Teachers perceived a higher frequency of offline hate speech than online hate speech. Contrary to the hypotheses, social dominance orientation was positively associated with offline and online hate speech perception. As predicted, teachers' pluralist attitude was positively linked to their off- and online hate speech perception. Further research must now clarify how the investigated beliefs and attitudes and teachers' hate speech perception in school relate to other aspects of their professional competence.}, language = {en} } @misc{WachsValidoEspelageetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Valido, Alberto and Espelage, Dorothy L. and Castellanos, Melisa and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {The relation of classroom climate to adolescents' countering hate speech via social skills: A positive youth development perspective}, series = {Journal of Adolescence}, volume = {95}, journal = {Journal of Adolescence}, number = {6}, issn = {1095-9254}, doi = {10.1002/jad.12180}, pages = {1127 -- 1139}, abstract = {Introduction. Hate speech is a current challenge for schools around the globe. At the same time, students worldwide stand up to hate speech by countering it. Guided by a positive youth development perspective, the present study investigated the direct and indirect associations between classroom climate (environmental assets), social skills (personal assets), and countering hate speech (as a proxy of thriving) among adolescents. Methods. The sample included 3225 students in grades 7-9 (51.7\% self-identified as female) from 40 schools in Germany (n = 1841) and Switzerland (n = 1384). Students completed self-report questionnaires that assessed classroom climate, three facets of social skills (i.e., perspective-taking, prosocial behavior, assertiveness), and counterspeech. Results. The results of the 2-(1-1-1)-1 multilevel mediation analysis revealed that classroom climate (L2) and the three facets of social skills (L1) had a direct positive effect on counterspeech (L1). Furthermore, classroom climate (L2) also had a direct positive effect on the three facets of social skills (L1). Finally, classroom climate (L2) had an indirect positive effect on counterspeech (L1) via all three aspects of social skills (L1). Conclusion. The findings highlight that successful anti-hate speech programs may entail a combination of environmental and personal factors for increasing adolescents' active contribution to an inclusive and discrimination-free classroom environment where hate speech is not tolerated.}, language = {en} } @book{ElgarLahtiLopesFerreiraetal., author = {Elgar, Frank J. and Lahti, Henri and Lopes Ferreira, Joana and Melkumova, Marina and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Navigating uncharted territory. School closures and adolescent experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the WHO European Region. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people's health and well-being from the findings of the HBSC survey round 2021/2022}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {WHO Regional Office for Europe}, address = {Copenhagen}, pages = {9}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic led to drastic changes in schooling. Students, especially older adolescents and girls, felt it had a negative impact on their school performance. Adolescents experiencing a higher number of school closure days during the pandemic were more likely to report school pressure, with lack of personal interaction with teachers and, peers possibly being among the factors behind the link between school closure and school pressure. Remote learning processes may have contributed to feelings of added school pressure through lower learning concentration and engagement, inability to learn from online sources, difficulties in organizing study time and worries about the future. Only one in five adolescents liked school a lot during the pandemic. Adolescents from less well-off families reported more negative impacts on their school performance due to the pandemic. Those from better-off families reported more school pressure and less liking of school. Targeted efforts are needed to address the avoidable differences between the groups of adolescents affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescent experiences of the impact of the pandemic on their school experience should be heard and taken into consideration in the post-pandemic recovery.}, language = {de} } @misc{WachsBilzWettsteinetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Wettstein, Alexander and Espelage, Dorothy L.}, title = {Validation of the multidimensional bystander responses to racist hate speech scale and its association with empathy and moral disengagement among adolescents}, series = {Aggressive Behavior}, volume = {50}, journal = {Aggressive Behavior}, number = {1}, issn = {1098-2337}, pages = {1 -- 12}, abstract = {Our understanding of how bystanders respond to hate speech is limited. This may be due, in part, to the lack of available measurement tools. However, understanding adolescents' responses to hate speech is critical because this kind of research can support schools in empowering students to exhibit courageous moral behavior. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the newly developed Multidimensional Bystander Responses to Hate Speech Scale (MBRHS) and to explore demographic differences and correlates of bystander behavior in school hate speech. The sample consisted of 3225 seventh to ninth graders from Germany and Switzerland. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a model with seven factors. We found that adolescents with immigrant background and boys showed particularly unfavorable response patterns. In addition, our study suggests that empathy is positively correlated with the factors comforting the victim, seeking help at school, and countering hate speech but negatively correlated with helplessness, revenge, reinforcing, and ignoring. Moral disengagement showed the opposite correlational pattern. The findings indicate that the MBRHS is a psychometrically valid and reliable measure that could aid in measuring varied responses to hate speech. In addition, this work highlights the relevance of empathy and moral engagement training in anti-hate speech prevention programs.}, language = {en} } @misc{CastellanosWettsteinWachsetal., author = {Castellanos, Melisa and Wettstein, Alexander and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Direct and indirect effects of social dominance orientation on hate speech perpetration via empathy and moral disengagement among adolescents: A multilevel mediation model}, series = {Aggressive Behavior}, volume = {50(2024)}, journal = {Aggressive Behavior}, number = {1}, issn = {1098-2337}, doi = {10.1002/ab.22100}, abstract = {Although it is known that social dominance orientation directly affects hate speech perpetration, few studies have explored the mechanisms by which this effect takes place during adolescence. Based on the socio-cognitive theory of moral agency, we aimed to fill this gap in the literature by exploring the direct and indirect effects of social dominance orientation on hate speech perpetration in offline and online settings. The sample included seventh, eigth, and ninth graders (N = 3225) (51.2\% girls, 37.2\% with an immigrant background) from 36 Swiss and German schools who completed a survey about hate speech, social dominance orientation, empathy, and moral disengagement. A multilevel mediation path model revealed that social dominance orientation had a direct effect on offline and online hate speech perpetration. Moreover, social dominance also had indirect effects via low levels of empathy and high levels of moral disengagement. No gender differences were observed. Our findings are discussed regarding the potential contribution to preventing hate speech during adolescence.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerMaunderBaumanetal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Maunder, Rachel and Bauman, Sheri and Bilz, Ludwig and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Teachers' Responses to Incidents of Bullying among Students: A Systematic Review on How Teachers React To and Manage Bullying Situations}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2023, October 25-27, 2023, North Carolina, U.S.A.}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2023, October 25-27, 2023, North Carolina, U.S.A.}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/UCREY}, pages = {56}, abstract = {Introduction Teachers play a vital part in bullying intervention in schools. Their front-line role in classrooms means they are often in a position to notice when bullying happens, and children may also report incidents directly to them (Colpin et al, 2021). Whether and how they respond to bullying sends important messages about the extent to which the behaviour is tolerated in school, and the relative success of actions has direct implications for the children involved, including whether the bullying stops, continues, or even worsens (Wachs et al, 2019). It is therefore important to understand the strategies they use to manage bullying. Whilst a body of empirical research has studied teacher intervention in bullying, the key aspects in the findings or the quality of this evidence has not been systematically examined. This systematic review therefore aims to answer the central question of 'how do teachers identify and respond to bullying incidents among students?' Subsidiary questions focus on how teachers determine if an incident of bullying has occurred; how teachers decide how to respond to bullying incident; what the strategies are that teachers use to respond to bullying incidents; the effectiveness of the responses for handling bullying situations, and how teachers' bullying responses are measured. Method Following pre-registration via the Open Science Framework (Fischer et al., 2022), the following databases were selected for the literature search given their widespread access, reputation, and coverage: Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, PubPsych, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. Each database was interrogated using following search terms: (bully* OR bullie*) AND (teacher OR school staff OR monitor OR whole school OR educator OR tutor OR teach* assist*) AND (interven* OR prevent* OR handl* OR respon* OR tackl* OR measure OR methods OR action OR strateg* OR reaction OR react* OR approach OR practice OR anti-bullying). Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included. The search was restricted to publications in English or German, and no date range was imposed. Publications in peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, as well as grey literature were included. Title, abstracts, and keywords of the identified publications will be screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria include the use of the term 'bullying' (or 'mobbing' for German-language publications), the school context and school age, and any responses to bullying incidents that are performed by teachers or other teaching staff. Exclusion criteria include solely theoretical publications, bullying at college, university, or workplace, bullying outside the school context, purely preventive strategies, and evaluations of complex anti-bullying programmes. For both the screening and the data extraction, the software Covidence will be used. The procedure and coding system was adapted from Fischer et al. (2021). Results The data extraction is based on a detailed coding manual that had been tested within the research team. Two members of the coding team will code each study included in the full-text analysis. The quality assessment will also be included in the data extraction process and will be done with two instruments: One instrument that was developed by the research team based on the GRADE system with a focus on clearly defined key concepts and research questions as well as methodological aspects (e.g., sample size, critical reflection on the methods used), and one instrument that is established and suitable for both qualitative and quantitative studies (Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool MMAT, Hong et al., 2018). This procedure simultaneously enables the evaluation of the newly developed quality assessment tool. The data extraction is currently underway. The search in the databases and screening of title, abstract, and keywords is planned for spring 2023, and the data extraction will follow. At the WABF, we are going to present results on the quality assessment and interrater reliability as well as on the body of literature. In particular, the presentation of the results will focus on the breadth of teacher responses to incidents of bullying presented in the literature. Conclusion This systematic review provides a contemporary oversight of our existing knowledge on teacher intervention in bullying and highlights important avenues for further research. We will present detailed conclusions based on the results obtained. The expected results will provide a significant overview of the growing research on teacher interventions for bullying and will help to identify research gaps in the existing literature. Further, the results will highlight tendencies towards certain research methods and approaches to study teacher intervention, which provides opportunities for researchers to seek alternative designs and techniques going forward, and will help to identify research gaps in the existing literature. The systematic analysis of previously studied teacher responses to incidents of bullying will provide a significant foundation for future research. The information on how teachers identify bullying cases and the decision-making pathways underlying their responses has not been systematically collected so far, so the expected findings will provide an important foundation for future research and practical teacher training on anti-bullying interventions. In particular, the findings gathered on the effectiveness of teacher responses will have significant implications for the training of teachers, and guidance that can be provided to support teacher practice in schools. Selected references Colpin, H., Bauman, S. \& Menesini, E. (2021). Teachers' responses to bullying: Unravelling their consequences and antecedents: Introduction to the special issue. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(6), 781-797. Fischer, S. M., Bauman, S., Maunder, R., Scheithauer, H., \& Bilz, L. (2022). Teachers' interventions in bullying among students - A systematic review on how teachers react to and manage bullying situations. Preregistration Template from AsPredicted-org. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7VNBZ Fischer, S. M., John, N. \& Bilz, L. (2021). Teachers' self-efficacy in preventing and intervening in school bullying: A systematic review. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 3, 196-212. Hong, Q. N., F{\`a}bregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Griffiths, F., Nicolau, B., O'Cathain, A., Rousseau, M.-C., \& Vedel, I. (2018). Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) Version 2018. User Guide. Available under http://mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com Wachs, S., Bilz, L., Niproschke, S., \& Schubarth, W. (2019). Bullying intervention in schools: A multilevel analysis of teachers' success in handling bullying from the students' perspective. Journal of Early Adolescence, 39(5), 642-668.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Konzept der HBSC-Studie Brandenburg 2022}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {1 -- 2}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Methodik der HBSC-Studie Brandenburg 2022}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {3 -- 9}, language = {de} } @incollection{BilzSchuetz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael}, title = {Die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {11 -- 28}, language = {de} } @incollection{FischerKansokDuscheSchuetzetal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Personale und kontextuelle Einflussfaktoren f{\"u}r die Gesundheit und das Gesundheitsverhalten im Kindes- und Jugendalter}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {83 -- 132}, language = {de} } @incollection{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2022. Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r die schulische Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung}, series = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, booktitle = {Aufwachsen in Krisenzeiten. Gesundheit und Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Brandenburg 2018 - 2022. Ergebnisse der HBSC-Gesundheitsstudie 2022 im Auftrag der WHO}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, publisher = {Pabst Science Publishers}, address = {Lengerich}, isbn = {978-3-95853-878-8}, pages = {133 -- 136}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheWachsWettsteinetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hate Speech and Bullying Perpetration: Overlaps and Convergent and Divergent Determinants}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum (October 25-27, 2023), North Carolina, U.S.A.}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum (October 25-27, 2023), North Carolina, U.S.A.}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/GZFAW}, pages = {18}, abstract = {Introduction. Hate speech is a widespread global issue that is also prevalent among children and youth and requires an educational response (United Nations, 2021). Hate speech can be defined as an intentionally harmful and derogatory expression about people (directly or vicariously) based on assigned group characteristics (e.g., ethnicity, sexual orientation, religious affiliation; Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). For many authors concerned with hate speech among children and adolescents, the extent of the overlap between hate speech and bullying is a debatable question that requires more research (e.g., Bedrosova et al., 2022; Fulantelli et al., 2022). Initial studies showed that online hate speech and cyberbullying perpetration correlate moderately (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). However, no studies have investigated the overlap between hate speech and bullying perpetration in on- and offline modes. Concerning the causes, a systematic review identified joint cyberbullying and online hate speech perpetration determinants (Fulantelli et al., 2022). However, the findings of this review are mainly based on studies examining these factors for either cyberbullying or online hate speech. Whether similar or different associations can also be found for offline hate speech/bullying perpetration is unknown. This study aims to investigate similarities and differences between hate speech and bullying from three analytic perspectives: First, using a variable-centered approach, this paper examines how strong the correlations are between bullying and hate speech perpetration by considering both phenomena in the online and offline context (Aim 1). Following a person-centered approach, it will be further investigated how much overlap exists between the respective student groups perpetrating hate speech and/or bullying, separately for online and offline activities (Aim 2). Finally, we are interested in the similarities and differences in the importance of various determinants of perpetration: we consider social perspective-taking, school belonging, social dominance orientation, and classroom climate (Aim 3). Methods. The analyses are based on data from a sample of 3.620 students attending grades 7 to 9 (51\% female, 41.4\% with migration background) from 42 Swiss and German secondary schools. Students voluntarily and anonymously completed self-report surveys (December 2020 to April 2021). The frequency of bullying and hate speech perpetration was assessed with two single items for each phenomenon, one for the online and one for the offline mode (Olweus, 2012; Wachs et al., 2022). Social perspective-taking (Jurkowski \& H{\"a}nze, 2014, 3 Items, α = .72), social dominance orientation (Klocke, 2012, 8 items, α = .80), school belonging (OECD, 2017; 6 items α = .83), and classroom climate (Currie et al., 2014, 3 items, α = .78) were measured with validated scales. To address Aim 1, we will investigate bivariate correlations between hate speech and bullying perpetration in on- and offline modes. Regarding Aim 2, contingency tables and Chi-Square tests will be used to examine overlaps by creating mutually distinctive typologies of perpetration (e.g., pure hate speech perpetration, pure bullying perpetration, combined perpetration). This analysis will be done separately for on- and offline modes. To address Aim 3, we will run four multilevel regression analyses in Mplus with hate speech and bullying perpetration as outcomes (online and offline). At Level 1, social perspective-taking, social dominance orientation, and school belonging will be entered while controlling for gender, grade, socio-economic status, and migration background. At Level 2, we include classroom climate. The model-testing follows a stepwise procedure (1: random intercept model, 2: adding covariates, 3: adding classroom climate on L2, and all other variables on L1). The improvement of model fit will be assessed by relative decreases in indices such as AIC, BIC, and ABIC. These procedures will be performed separately for hate speech and bullying perpetration (online and offline). Regression coefficients and explained variance of the models for hate speech and bullying perpetration will be compared. Preliminary Results. Regarding Aim 1, moderate correlations were found between online hate speech and online bullying perpetration (r = .48 p < .001) as well as between offline hate speech and offline bullying perpetration (r = .42; p <. 001). The final results for the three research aims will be presented at the conference. Conclusion. These findings support researchers and practitioners in deciding whether hate speech and bullying among young people should be researched and addressed as interlinked or separate forms of aggression. Practical Implications. Although there are some limitations (e.g., use of self-report and cross-sectional data), the findings of this study will be informative for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at protecting children and adolescents from becoming perpetrators and victims of hate speech, bullying, or both.}, language = {en} } @misc{CastellanosWettsteinWachsetal., author = {Castellanos, Melisa and Wettstein, Alexander and Wachs, Sebastian and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Ballaschk, Cindy and Krause, Norman and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hate speech in adolescents. A binational study on prevalence and demographic differences}, series = {Frontiers in Education}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in Education}, issn = {2504-284X}, doi = {10.3389/feduc.2023.1076249}, abstract = {Hate speech, or intentional derogatory expressions about people based on assigned group characteristics, has been studied primarily in online contexts. Less is known about the occurrence of this phenomenon in schools. As it has negative consequences for victims, perpetrators, and those who witness it, it is crucial to characterize the occurrence of offline (i.e., in the school) and online hate speech to describe similarities and differences between these two socialization contexts. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hate speech witnessing, victimization, and perpetration, in a sample of 3,620 7th to 9th graders (51\% self-identified as female) from 42 schools in Germany and Switzerland. We found that 67\% of the students witnessed hate speech in their school, and 65\% witnessed online hate speech at least once in the past twelve months. Approximately 21\% of the students self-identified as offline perpetrators and 33\% as offline victims, whereas these percentages were lower for online hate speech (13\% and 20\%, respectively). In both settings, skin color and origin were the most common group references for hate speech (50\% offline and 63\% online). Offline hate speech mainly came from classmates (88\%), unknown sources (e.g., graffiti; 19\%), or teachers (12\%), whereas online hate speech mostly came from unknown persons (77\%). The most frequent forms of offline hate speech were offensive jokes (94\%) and the spread of lies and rumors about the members of a specific social group (84\%). Significant differences by country, gender, and migration background were observed. Girls reported more offline victimization experiences, less perpetration, and a greater frequency of witnessing hate speech. This difference was larger in magnitude in the online setting. Students in Switzerland reported being exposed to hate speech more often than students in Germany. Students with a migration background reported higher hate speech victimization based on skin color and origin than students without a migration background. The high prevalence of hate speech highlights the need for school-based prevention programs. Our findings are discussed in terms of the practical implications.}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheWettsteinCastellanosetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wettstein, Alexander and Castellanos, Melisa and Schwab, C{\´e}line and Subramaniam, Abimanju and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Associations between Social Competence, Perceived Parents' Prosocial Educational Goals and Adolescents' Hate Speech Perpetration in School}, series = {Victims \& Offenders}, volume = {19}, journal = {Victims \& Offenders}, number = {3}, issn = {1556-4991}, doi = {10.1080/15564886.2023.2189191}, pages = {419 -- 446}, abstract = {Hate speech is a global challenge, requiring research on adolescents' hate speech perpetration in schools. We examined whether perceived parents' prosocial educational goals moderate the association between social competencies (social perspective-taking, openness to diversity) and hate speech perpetration in schools. In total, 1,719 adolescents (aged 11-18 years) from 22 Swiss schools completed selfreport questionnaires (December 2020 to April 2021). Social perspective-taking and hate speech perpetration correlated negatively, alongside openness to diversity and hate speech perpetration. Perceived parents' prosocial educational goals strengthened the negative association between openness to diversity and hate speech perpetration in schools but did not moderate the association with social perspective-taking.}, language = {en} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Psychische Gesundheit in der Schule}, series = {P{\"a}diatrie \& P{\"a}dologie}, volume = {58}, journal = {P{\"a}diatrie \& P{\"a}dologie}, number = {S1}, issn = {0030-9338}, doi = {10.1007/s00608-022-01031-7}, pages = {8 -- 12}, abstract = {Der psychischen Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten verst{\"a}rkte Aufmerksamkeit zuteil geworden. Immer deutlicher zeichnet sich ab, dass psychische Probleme im Kindes- und Jugendalter eine hohe Vorhersagekraft f{\"u}r psychische Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter haben. Gleichzeitig verf{\"u}gen wir {\"u}ber einen immer breiter werdenden Erkenntnisstand zur Bedeutung des psychischen Wohlbefindens von Kindern und Jugendlichen f{\"u}r ihren schulischen Erfolg und f{\"u}r ihre soziale Teilhabe. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt die Lebenswelt Schule in das Blickfeld. Es werden Befunde zu schulbezogenen Ressourcen und Risikofaktoren f{\"u}r die psychische Gesundheit von Sch{\"u}ler*innen und zur Rolle von Lehrkr{\"a}ften bei der Fr{\"u}herkennung vorgestellt sowie Schlussfolgerungen f{\"u}r die F{\"o}rderung der psychischen Gesundheit in der Schule gezogen.}, language = {de} } @misc{KrauseWachsBilzetal., author = {Krause, Norman and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {Dem Hass entgeg(n)en - Eine qualitative Studie zu den Interventionsstrategien, -zielen und -effekten durch p{\"a}dagogisches Schulpersonal bei Hatespeech in der Schule.}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r P{\"a}dagogik}, volume = {69}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r P{\"a}dagogik}, number = {3}, issn = {0044-3247}, doi = {10.3262/ZP2303310}, pages = {310 -- 332}, abstract = {Bisher ist wenig dar{\"u}ber bekannt, wie Schulen mit Hatespeech unter Sch{\"u}ler*innen umgehen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung soll einen ersten {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Interventionsstrategien, -ziele und -effekte des Schulpersonals bei Hatespeech in der Schule geben. Dazu wurden 46 episodische Interviews mit Sch{\"u}ler*innen (n = 21), Lehrkr{\"a}ften (n = 16) und anderem p{\"a}dagogischen Schulpersonal (n = 9) aus Berlin und Brandenburg ausgewertet. Im Ergebnis konnten acht Strategien klassifiziert werden (Bestrafungen, polizeiliche und juristische Maßnahmen, Instruktionen, Einbezug der Eltern, Einbezug anderer Schulakteur*innen, Mediationen, partizipativ-integrative Verhandlungen, schulexterne Projekt- und Trainingsangebote), denen jeweils Interventionsziele und berichtete Effekte zugeordnet werden konnten. Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede mit Erkenntnissen aus der Mobbingforschung und Implikationen f{\"u}r die Schulpraxis sowie f{\"u}r weitere Forschung werden diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Einsamkeit im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Zur Verbreitung eines Risikofaktors f{\"u}r die psychische Gesundheit unter 11- bis 15-j{\"a}hrigen deutschen Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, volume = {66}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-023-03728-x}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Hintergrund Einsamkeit ist sowohl im {\"o}ffentlichen als auch im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs ein zunehmend pr{\"a}sentes Thema. Es liegen inzwischen zahlreiche Forschungsergebnisse zur Verbreitung und zu den gesundheitsbezogenen Zusammenh{\"a}ngen von Einsamkeit bei Erwachsenen vor. Zur Einsamkeit im Kindes- und Jugendalter gibt es f{\"u}r Deutschland nur wenige Erkenntnisse. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt dieser Beitrag Befunde zur Verbreitung von Einsamkeit bei 11- bis 15-j{\"a}hrigen deutschen Sch{\"u}ler*innen vor und untersucht Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit soziodemographischen Merkmalen. Methoden Die Studie „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC) ist eine globale Forschungskooperation unter Schirmherrschaft der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO). In Brandenburg erfasste die Studie Daten von 3819 Kindern und Jugendlichen an allgemeinbildenden Schulen in den Klassenstufen 5, 7 und 9 (MAlter = 13,5, SD = 1,6). Einsamkeit wurde anhand der University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale und eines Einzelitems erhoben. Ergebnisse 13,2 \% der Befragten gaben an, sich „meistens" einsam zu f{\"u}hlen, „immer" einsam f{\"u}hlten sich 3,6 \%. Einsamkeit war st{\"a}rker ausgepr{\"a}gt bei M{\"a}dchen, bei Sch{\"u}ler*innen mit der Geschlechtszuschreibung „divers" sowie bei {\"a}lteren Heranwachsenden und bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit niedrigerem sozio{\"o}konomischen Status. Diskussion Die Befunde weisen darauf hin, dass Einsamkeit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ein weit verbreitetes Ph{\"a}nomen ist. Dass sich M{\"a}dchen, {\"a}ltere Sch{\"u}ler*innen sowie Kinder und Jugendliche mit geringerem famili{\"a}ren Wohlstand einsamer f{\"u}hlen, stimmt mit Ergebnissen aus anderen L{\"a}ndern {\"u}berein und liefert Ansatzpunkte f{\"u}r die Planung von Pr{\"a}ventionsmaßnahmen. Es bedarf in Deutschland weiterer Forschung zu m{\"o}glichen gesundheitsbezogenen Zusammenh{\"a}ngen von Einsamkeit.}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheWachsWettsteinetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Die Reaktionen von Sch{\"u}ler:innen auf Hatespeech in Schulen: Eine experimentelle Vignetten-Studie zu situativen Einfl{\"u}ssen auf das Aus{\"u}ben von Counterspeech}, series = {Symposium "Determinanten von Hate Speech und Reaktionen auf Hate Speech bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen" Fachgruppentagung Entwicklungs­psychologie 25. Tagung (03. — 05. September 2023, Berlin)}, journal = {Symposium "Determinanten von Hate Speech und Reaktionen auf Hate Speech bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen" Fachgruppentagung Entwicklungs­psychologie 25. Tagung (03. — 05. September 2023, Berlin)}, pages = {23}, abstract = {Trotz weltweiter Bem{\"u}hungen zur Bek{\"a}mpfung von Diskriminierungen bleibt Hatespeech (dt. Hassrede) in vielen L{\"a}ndern ein wachsendes Problem. Hatespeech wird hier als intentional verletzende {\"A}ußerung {\"u}ber Personen verstanden, die herabw{\"u}rdigend auf zugeschriebene Merkmale sozialer Gruppen Bezug nimmt (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Hatespeech ist unter Jugendlichen weit verbreitet und auch im Schulkontext bedeutsam (Castellanos et al., 2023). Da Hatespeech mit negativen Konsequenzen f{\"u}r Betroffene und die Gesellschaft einhergeht, ist die Schule ein wichtiger Ort zur Hatespeech-Pr{\"a}vention. Forschungsarbeiten zu verwandten Ph{\"a}nomenen wie Mobbing betonen die wichtige Rolle von Zeug:innen. Bei Hatespeech in Schulen besteht diesbez{\"u}glich noch Forschungsbedarf zu Counterspeech (dt. Gegenrede), also Reaktionen von Sch{\"u}ler:innen mit dem Ziel Hatespeech-Vorf{\"a}lle zu stoppen. Die vorliegende Studie m{\"o}chte situative Einfl{\"u}sse auf das Aus{\"u}ben von Counterspeech untersuchen. Mit Bezug auf handlungstheoretische Ans{\"a}tze und Befunde zum Hilfeverhalten wird im On- und Offline-Setting der Einfluss des modellhaften Verhaltens der Lehrkr{\"a}fte und Mitsch{\"u}ler:innen ergr{\"u}ndet. Wir erwarten eine h{\"o}here Bereitschaft zu Counterspeech („Ich w{\"u}rde etwas gegen diese {\"A}ußerung tun oder sagen") bei Sch{\"u}ler:innen, wenn Lehrkr{\"a}fte und andere Mitsch{\"u}ler:innen den Vorfall nicht ignorieren. Die Stichprobe basiert auf Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzungen von 3225 Sch{\"u}ler:innen der Jahrgangsstufen 7 bis 9 aus 36 Schulen in Deutschland und der Schweiz. Zur Untersuchung unserer Forschungsfragen diente eine experimentelle Vignetten-Studie mit fiktionalen Hatespeech-Vorf{\"a}llen. Die Vignetten variierten die Lehrkraft-Reaktion (ja/nein), die Reaktion eines anwesenden Mitsch{\"u}lers (ja/nein) und das Setting (online/offline). Die Ergebnisse der aktuell laufenden Datenanalysen m{\"o}chten wir im Rahmen des Symposiums vorstellen. Wir erhoffen uns neue Erkenntnisse zu den Bedingungen unter denen Sch{\"u}ler:innen bei Hatespeech eingreifen.}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheWachsWettsteinetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hatespeech und Mobbing in der Schule: {\"U}berschneidungen und Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Determinanten und der beteiligten Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler}, series = {Symposium Cancel Culture, Hate Speech, Diskriminierung und Verschw{\"o}rungstheorien in der Schule: Jahrestagung AEPF 2023 vom 13.-15.9.2023 in Potsdam}, journal = {Symposium Cancel Culture, Hate Speech, Diskriminierung und Verschw{\"o}rungstheorien in der Schule: Jahrestagung AEPF 2023 vom 13.-15.9.2023 in Potsdam}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Hintergrund. Hatespeech (dt. Hassrede) ist weltweit ein Problem, das auch unter Jugendlichen verbreitet ist und p{\"a}dagogisch ausgerichtete Pr{\"a}ventions- und Interventionsans{\"a}tze erfordert (Castellanos et al., 2023; United Nations, 2021). Hatespeech wird hier als intentional herabw{\"u}rdigende {\"A}ußerung {\"u}ber Personen verstanden, die auf zugeschriebene Merkmale sozialer Gruppen Bezug nimmt (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Da Hatespeech mit negativen Konsequenzen f{\"u}r Betroffene und die Gesellschaft einhergeht, ist die Schule ein wichtiger Ort zur Hatespeech-Pr{\"a}vention. Forscher:innen thematisieren mit Blick auf Hatespeech bei Kindern und Jugendlichen die {\"U}berlappung von Hatespeech und Mobbing und fordern mehr Studien dazu (z.B. Bedrosova et al., 2022; Fulantelli et al., 2022). Eine {\"U}bersichtsarbeit verweist auf moderate Korrelationen zwischen dem Aus{\"u}ben von Online-Hatespeech und Cyberbullying (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Studien zur {\"U}berlappung der Ph{\"a}nomene im Offline-Modus gibt es bisher nicht. Eine weitere {\"U}bersichtsarbeit zeigt, dass das Aus{\"u}ben von Cyberbullying und Online-Hatespeech durch {\"a}hnliche Faktoren determiniert ist (Fulantelli et al., 2022). Allerdings basiert diese Erkenntnis haupts{\"a}chlich auf Studien, die diese Faktoren entweder f{\"u}r Cyberbullying oder f{\"u}r Online-Hatespeech untersuchten. Zur Divergenz bzw. Konvergenz von Determinanten beider Ph{\"a}nomene im Offline-Modus gibt es bisher keine Studien. Fragestellung und Ziele. Die Forschungsfrage der Studie richtet sich auf {\"A}hnlichkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen Hatespeech und Mobbing. Sie nutzt drei analytische Perspektiven: Zun{\"a}chst untersuchen wir variablenorientiert die Korrelationen zwischen dem Aus{\"u}ben von Mobbing und Hatespeech im Online- und Offline-Modus (Ziel 1). Dann folgen wir einer personenzentrierten Perspektive und ermitteln, inwieweit es {\"U}berschneidungen bei den involvierten Sch{\"u}lergruppen gibt (Ziel 2). Schließlich interessieren uns Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in der Relevanz verschiedener Determinanten: wir betrachten die soziale Perspektiven{\"u}bernahme, das schulische Zugeh{\"o}rigkeitsempfinden, die Soziale Dominanzorientierung und das Klassenklima (Ziel 3). Methoden. Die Analysen basieren auf Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzungen von 3.260 Sch{\"u}ler:innen der Jahrgangsstufen 7 bis 9 aus 42 Schulen in Deutschland und der Schweiz (51\% weiblich, 41.4\% mit Migrationsstatus). Die Sch{\"u}ler:innen beantworteten freiwillig und anonym einen Fragebogen (12/2020 - 04/2021). Mit Einzelitems wurden die H{\"a}ufigkeiten f{\"u}r das Aus{\"u}ben von Mobbing und Hatespeech, separat f{\"u}r den On- und Offline-Modus erfasst. Weitere Skalen dienten der Erfassung der sozialen Perspektiven{\"u}bernahme (Jurkowski \& H{\"a}nze, 2014, 3 Items, α = .72), der sozialen Dominanzorientierung (Klocke, 2012, 8 Items, α = .80), des schulischen Zugeh{\"o}rigkeitsempfindens (OECD, 2017; 6 Items α = .83), und des Klassenklimas (Currie et al., 2014, 3 Items, α = .78). Die Analysen erfolgen separat f{\"u}r den On- und Offline-Modus mittels Korrelationsanalysen (Ziel 1), Kontingenztabellen (Ziel 2) und regressionsanalytische Mehrebenenmodelle (Ziel 3). Ergebnisse und Diskussion. Die Analysen werden gerade durchgef{\"u}hrt und sollen auf der Konferenz vorgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse k{\"o}nnen Forscher:innen und PraktikerIinnen bei der Entscheidung unterst{\"u}tzen, ob Hatespeech und Mobbing unter Jugendlichen als miteinander verkn{\"u}pfte oder getrennte Formen der Aggression erforscht und adressiert werden sollten. Trotz Limitationen (z.B. Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzungen, Querschnittsdaten) k{\"o}nnen die Ergebnisse Ausgangspunkt f{\"u}r Pr{\"a}ventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen sein, die Kinder und Jugendliche davor sch{\"u}tzen, T{\"a}ter:in und/oder Opfer von Hatespeech, Mobbing oder beidem zu werden.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Loneliness in childhood and adolescence. On the prevalence of a risk factor for mental health}, series = {Book of Abstracts, 37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, journal = {Book of Abstracts, 37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Bremen}, address = {Bremen}, pages = {S.368}, abstract = {Background: Loneliness is an increasingly present topic in both public and health psychology discourse. There is increasing research on the prevalence and health-related correlates of loneliness in adults. There are only a few findings on loneliness in childhood and adolescence in Germany. Therefore, this study aims to present findings on the prevalence of loneliness among 11- to 15-year-old German schoolchildren and examines associations with socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study is a global research collaboration under the auspices of the World Health Organization. In the state of Brandenburg, the study used a cross-sectional design to collect data from 3,819 children and adolescents at general education schools in grades 5, 7, and 9 (Mage = 13.5, SD = 1.6). Loneliness was assessed using the University of California Los Angeles Scale (UCLA). Calculations were made using SPSS 29. Bivariate correlations were tested using a cross-tabulation and Chi2 test, and logistic regression was used for multivariate validation of the correlations. Findings: 10.8 \% of the respondents stated that they felt lonely. Loneliness was more pronounced among girls and non-binary (χ² (2) = 72.72, p < 0.001), as well as among older adolescents (χ² (2) = 35.21, p < 0.001, V = 0.107) and students with lower socioeconomic status (χ² (2) = 16.94, p < 0.001). Discussion: The findings indicate that loneliness is widespread among children and adolescents. The fact that girls, older pupils and children and adolescents with lower family wealth are more lonely is consistent with findings from other countries and provides starting points for planning prevention measures. Further research is needed in Germany on possible health-related correlates of loneliness.}, language = {en} } @misc{SeemannHerzKansokDuscheBartholomaeusetal., author = {Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bartholom{\"a}us, Peter and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hate speech intervention and prevention in schools: Study design of a systematic review}, series = {4TH CULTURAL DIVERSITY, MIGRATION, AND EDUCATION CONFERENCE. Awareness, Reflection, Action - Challenging Structural Inequities}, journal = {4TH CULTURAL DIVERSITY, MIGRATION, AND EDUCATION CONFERENCE. Awareness, Reflection, Action - Challenging Structural Inequities}, publisher = {Martin-Luther-Universit{\"a}t Halle-Wittenberg}, address = {Halle/Saale}, pages = {103}, abstract = {Hate speech is a growing social problem with a wide range of negative consequences. The term "hate speech" describes derogatory expressions about people that refer to group characteristics (e.g., skin color, gender, religion). It is directed at people (directly or vicariously) with the intention of harming them and is potentially harmful at multiple different levels (e.g., individually, socially) (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Inhumane statements against certain groups of people are not new phenomena. However, this form of expression of group- related misanthropy has become much more widespread in recent years (Hawdon et al., 2017). For example, evidence shows that young adolescents in particular increasingly observe hate material on the Internet (Smahel et al., 2020). After the Internet, school is a place where hate speech occurs and where children and adolescents witness but also become victims of hate speech (Castellanos et al., 2022; Kansok-Dusche et al., 2022). Schools represent a suitable location to address hate speech incidents and to prevent future hate speech. To date, there is little evidence on the availability of school-based anti-hate speech programs and their quality. An initial review in the German-speaking countries found 14 of these programs. However, very few of them have been evaluated, and their interventions have not been derived from a theoretical model (Seemann-Herz et al., 2022). This project is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth. The aim of the project is to compile a catalogue of internationally available anti-hate speech programs, that are targeted particularly at children and youth and that can be used to deal with hate speech in schools. Furthermore, their quality and utility are to be evaluated on a criteria-driven basis by two independent reviewers. In addition to assessing whether the programs are preventive and/or interventive in nature, the analysis focuses on the programs' understanding of the term "hate speech," the theoretical basis of the programs, the intended target group, and the availability of evaluation results. Further quality criteria will be generated in a preliminary study through a qualitative survey of 12 teachers and 12 students in Brandenburg. Here, the focus is primarily on the user-oriented characteristics of the programs and the needs of teachers and students. Finally, the results of the systematic review will be used to derive recommendations for school practitioners. Recommendations for program developers will also be derived, with advice for further development, transfer, and adaptation of the programs. The poster will present and discuss the study design and preliminary results.}, language = {en} } @misc{KrauseWachsBilzetal., author = {Krause, Norman and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {„Eine Einsch{\"a}tzung, die in Sekunden passieren muss". Eine qualitative Studie zu Gr{\"u}nden f{\"u}r ausbleibende Interventionen durch das p{\"a}dagogische Schulpersonal bei Hatespeech unter Sch{\"u}ler:innen}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft}, volume = {26}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Erziehungswissenschaft}, number = {6}, issn = {1434-663X}, doi = {10.1007/s11618-023-01179-3}, pages = {1527 -- 1545}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Studie ermittelt erstmals Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r ausbleibende Interventionen durch p{\"a}dagogische Fachkr{\"a}fte bei Hatespeech-Vorf{\"a}llen in der Schule anhand des Entscheidungsmodells f{\"u}r Hilfeverhalten, das einen f{\"u}nfstufigen, kognitiven Abw{\"a}gungsprozess beschreibt, der einer m{\"o}glichen Intervention vorausgeht. Ausgewertet wurden 46 episodische Interviews mit Sch{\"u}ler:innen (n = 21), Lehrkr{\"a}ften (n = 16) und anderem p{\"a}dagogischem Schulpersonal (n = 9) aus Berlin und Brandenburg. Die Analyse des qualitativen Datenmaterials zeigt, dass sich auf allen f{\"u}nf Stufen des Abw{\"a}gungsprozesses Gr{\"u}nde finden lassen, warum Interventionen bei Hatespeech ausbleiben: Das Schulpersonal kann Hatespeech nicht immer wahrnehmen (1), deutet es vor dem Hintergrund jugendtypischer bzw. gewaltvoller Sprachnormen teils nicht als interventionsw{\"u}rdig (2), {\"u}bernimmt die Verantwortung teils nicht - insbesondere bei Online-Hatespeech (3), sch{\"a}tzt die eigenen Interventionskompetenzen als unzureichend ein (4) oder w{\"a}gt Kosten und Nutzen eines m{\"o}glichen Eingreifens zulasten einer tats{\"a}chlichen Interventionshandlung gegeneinander ab (5). Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass eine Sensibilisierung f{\"u}r Hatespeech und ihre Folgen f{\"u}r die Beteiligten, z. B. durch Aufkl{\"a}rung, die Verantwortungs{\"u}bernahme st{\"a}rken k{\"o}nnte. Im qualitativen Datenmaterial lassen sich zudem W{\"u}nsche des Schulpersonals nach Aus- und Weiterbildungsm{\"o}glichkeiten sowie Forderungen nach den notwendigen Kapazit{\"a}ten im Schulalltag finden, um bei Hatespeech angemessen intervenieren zu k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerMaunderBilzetal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Maunder, Rachel and Bilz, Ludwig and Bauman, Sheri and Scheithauer, Herbert}, title = {Teachers' Responses to Incidents of Bullying among Students: Study Protocol and Preliminary Results of a Systematic Review on How Teachers React to and Manage Bullying Situations}, series = {27th Workshop on Aggression}, journal = {27th Workshop on Aggression}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/QCGDX}, language = {en} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Die unsichtbare Kette. Ergebnisse der Lehrer-Gesundheitsstudie Brandenburg}, series = {Die Grundschule}, volume = {56}, journal = {Die Grundschule}, number = {6}, issn = {0533-3431}, pages = {14 -- 18}, language = {de} } @misc{CastellanosWettsteinBilzetal., author = {Castellanos, Melisa and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Racist Hate Speech at School and its Association with Bystanders' Active Defending - The Protective Role of Immigrant Background}, series = {International Journal of Developmental Science}, volume = {17}, journal = {International Journal of Developmental Science}, number = {1-3}, issn = {2192-001X}, doi = {10.3233/DEV-230341}, pages = {31 -- 41}, abstract = {There are scarce studies on bystanders' responses to racist hate speech. The present study was rooted in the general aggression model to examine the direct and indirect associations between witnessing racist hate speech and bystanders' active defending behaviors. Moreover, we examined if these associations varied as a function of the immigration background of bystanders. The sample included 3,225 7th, 8th, and 9th graders (51.7\% girls, 37.2\% with an immigrant background) from 40 schools in Switzerland and Germany. A multilevel mediation path model revealed that witnessing racist hate speech negatively predicted bystanders' active defending. It also had indirect associations with bystanders' active defending via low levels of empathy. Finally, associations were not observed in students with an immigrant background. The findings regarding the potential contribution of these results to preventing hate speech in school are discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzKansokDuscheWachsetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander}, title = {Students' Reactions to Hate Speech in Schools: An Experimental Vignette Study on Situational Influences on the Use of Counterspeech}, series = {Aggression and bullying in different cultural contexts, Workshop on Aggression, 2023}, journal = {Aggression and bullying in different cultural contexts, Workshop on Aggression, 2023}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.15124.48001}, pages = {18}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzFischerKansokDuscheetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander}, title = {Teachers' intervention strategies for handling hate-speech incidents in schools}, series = {https://gestioneventos.us.es/wcvs2023/programa-detallado}, journal = {https://gestioneventos.us.es/wcvs2023/programa-detallado}, publisher = {Universidad de Sevilla}, address = {Seville}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.23545.85608}, language = {en} } @misc{SchuetzBilz, author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Increasing loneliness among German children and adolescents from 2018 to 2022: a cross-sectional survey before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic}, series = {Journal of Public Health}, journal = {Journal of Public Health}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2198-1833}, doi = {10.1007/s10389-024-02356-2}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Aim. Loneliness is an increasingly present topic in scientific and public discourse, and has gained relevance due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, there is a lack of representative studies examining the prevalence of loneliness among children and adolescents before and after the pandemic. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of loneliness among 11- to 15-year-old students before (2018) and after (2022) the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate subgroup differences. Subject and methods. In this cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, the prevalence of loneliness was compared in two representative samples from the German federal state of Brandenburg from 2018 and 2022. In 2018, data were collected from 3,057 (51.8\% girls, Mage = 13.1, SD = 1.7) and, in 2022, from 3,801 (52.6\% girls, Mage = 13.5, SD = 1.6) students in general education schools. Loneliness was assessed using a single item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Chi-square test and logistic regressions were performed. Results. In total, 11.8\% of the students reported being lonely in 2018, and 19.3\% reported being lonely in 2022. Loneliness was more prevalent among girls, nonbinary, older adolescents, and students with lower family affluence. The increase in loneliness did not differ depending on age, gender, or family affluence. Conclusion. The findings highlight that loneliness among children and adolescents is a widespread phenomenon that has increased significantly from 2018 to 2022. There is a need for prevention measures and further research into health-related associations of loneliness.}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzFischer, author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M.}, title = {Results of the German HBSC Study: Bullying and cyberbullying at schools in Germany}, series = {Sustainable Health in Children and Students - Reduce the GAP!}, journal = {Sustainable Health in Children and Students - Reduce the GAP!}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.35917.65767}, pages = {8}, language = {en} } @misc{CosmaMartinLoozeetal., author = {Cosma, Alina and Martin, Gina and Looze, Margreet E. de and Walsh, Sophie D. and Paakkari, Leena and Bilz, Ludwig and Gobina, Inese and Page, Nicholas and Hulbert, Sabina and Inchley, Jo and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Gaspar, Tania and Stevens, Gonneke W.J.M.}, title = {Cross-national trends in adolescents psychological and somatic complaints before and after the onset of COVID-19 Pandemic}, series = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, journal = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {1054-139X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.09.028}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Purpose Building on research suggesting that the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to an exacerbation of deteriorating trends in mental health among adolescents, this paper examined trends in adolescents' psychological and somatic complaints across 35 countries from 2010 to 2022, and tested trends in sociodemographic inequalities in these outcomes between 2018 and 2022. Methods Using data from 792,606 adolescents from 35 countries (51\% girls; mean age = 13.5; standard deviation 1.6) across four Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2010, 2014, 2018, 2022), hierarchical multilevel models estimated cross-national trends in adolescent psychological and somatic complaints. We tested whether observed values in 2022 were in line with predicted values based on 2010-2018 linear trends. Finally, moderation effects of age, family affluence, and family structures on the outcomes were tested (2018-2022). Results Both girls and boys showed substantially higher levels of psychological complaints in 2022 compared with the predicted values. For somatic complaints, higher levels than predicted in 2022 were observed only in girls. Moderation analyses revealed an increase from 2018 to 2022 in age gaps and a narrowing in the socioeconomic gap for both outcomes. Also, there was a widening gap between adolescents living with 2 parents and those living in a single parent household in 2022 compared to 2018. Discussion Cross-national increases in adolescent psychological and somatic complaints were higher than expected in 2022, based on previous trends. Magnitudes of change varied across different sociodemographics groups, with implications for pre-existing mental health inequalities.}, language = {en} } @misc{DadaczynskiKamanRavensSiebereretal., author = {Dadaczynski, Kevin and Kaman, Anne and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig and Sendatzki, Saskia and Helmchen, Ronja M. and Rathmann, Katharina and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Problematische Nutzung digitaler Medien und Gesundheitskompetenz von Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern in Deutschland : Befunde der HBSC-Studie 2022}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-025-04008-6}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Hintergrund Der digitale Alltag von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist durch eine hohe Nutzung sozialer Medien und digitaler Spiele gepr{\"a}gt. Bisherige Forschung konnte gesundheitsabtr{\"a}gliche Konsequenzen einer problematischen Mediennutzung aufzeigen. Hingegen wurden Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit der Gesundheitskompetenz kaum untersucht, obgleich Rahmenmodelle Gesundheitskompetenz als Determinante des Gesundheitsverhaltens nahelegen. Methoden Dieser Beitrag greift auf Daten der repr{\"a}sentativen Studie „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children" (HBSC) in Deutschland aus dem Jahr 2022 mit n = 6475 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern zur{\"u}ck. Es wurden Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der problematischen Nutzung von sozialen Medien und der Videospielintensit{\"a}t sowie der Gesundheitskompetenz unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung soziodemografischer und -{\"o}konomischer Merkmale bivariat und multivariat untersucht. Ergebnisse Die Pr{\"a}valenz der problematischen Nutzung sozialer Medien betrug 11,1 \% und etwa ein Drittel gab an, mehr als 9 h pro Woche mit digitalen Spielen zu verbringen. Eine geringe Gesundheitskompetenz stand mit beiden Formen der Mediennutzung in signifikantem Zusammenhang. Zudem war die problematische Nutzung sozialer Medien mit einer weiblichen und genderdiversen Geschlechtszugeh{\"o}rigkeit, dem Alter von 13 Jahren, dem Vorliegen eines Migrationshintergrunds und der Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit zu einer anderen Schulform als das Gymnasium verbunden. Eine hohe Spielintensit{\"a}t war mit einer m{\"a}nnlichen und genderdiversen Geschlechtszuordnung, der Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit zu den Altersgruppen der 13- und 15-J{\"a}hrigen und einem geringen famili{\"a}ren Wohlstand assoziiert. Diskussion Die Ergebnisse liefern nicht nur Hinweise f{\"u}r die Identifikation von Heranwachsenden mit besonderem Pr{\"a}ventionsbedarf, sondern betonen auch die Relevanz, die der Gesundheitskompetenz f{\"u}r das Mediennutzungsverhalten zukommt. Exemplarische Empfehlungen werden unter R{\"u}ckgriff auf die internationale Literatur aufgegriffen.}, language = {de} } @misc{ReissOttovaJordanBilzetal., author = {Reiß, Franziska and Ottov{\´a}-Jordan, Veronika and Bilz, Ludwig and Moor, Irene and Dadaczynski, Kevin and Helmchen, Ronja M. and Schierl, Theresa and Sendatzki, Saskia and Rathmann, Katharina and Kaman, Anne and Study Group Germany, HBSC and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike}, title = {Effects of the corona measures on the life of children and adolescents : results of the German HBSC study 2022}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {2025}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {10 (1)}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/13002}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Background: The containment measures of the COVID-19 pandemic have changed many people's daily lives. The study examines how children and adolescents assess the impact of the coronavirus measures on various areas of life. Methods: Overall, N = 6,475 students (11 -15 years) in Germany took part in the representative 'Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC)' study in 2022. Logistic regressions were performed to investigate the relationships between the perceived impact of the coronavirus measures on various areas of their lives by age, gender and family wealth. Results: Two years after the onset of the pandemic, children and adolescents reported both, positive and negative effects of the coronavirus measures. About a half of those surveyed perceived positive effects regarding social relationships. In contrast, approximately one in three respondents reported a deterioration in mental health and school performance. In particular, 11-year-olds, boys and wealthy students reported more often positive effects. Conclusions: The positive effects of the pandemic on the lives of children and adolescents in individual areas and the resilience (resistance) that is emerging here, as well as the results on more negative assessments of adolescents, girls and respondents with lower family wealth, can be used as a starting point for a needs-oriented and target group-specific health promotion in times of crisis. Future research should focus on the pandemic's long-term effects on young people's development.}, language = {en} } @misc{HotoppBilzFischeretal., author = {Hotopp, Helena and Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Scheithauer, Herbert and Allroggen, Marc and Watzinger, Felix and Lechner, Viola and Siddique, Madita and G{\"a}rtner, Gesa M. H. and Bock, Cora}, title = {Stoppt Mobbing - Umsetzung des Forschungsprojekts "Anti-Mobbing-Training f{\"u}r Lehrkr{\"a}fte": Eine randomisiert-kontrollierte Vergleichsstudie zur differentiellen Wirksamkeit und den Wirkmechanismen eines lehrkraftzentrierten kooperativen Interventionstrainings}, series = {DGUV Forum Forschung 2025}, journal = {DGUV Forum Forschung 2025}, address = {Dresden}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.32256.55044}, language = {de} } @book{FischerKansokDuscheBartholomaeusetal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bartholom{\"a}us, Peter and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Schule ohne Hass : praxisbezogene Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung zur Qualit{\"a}t von Anti-Hatespeech-Programmen}, edition = {1}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg, Institut f{\"u}r Gesundheit}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-940471-81-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-69497}, pages = {54}, abstract = {Junge Menschen werden online, aber auch im Schulalltag zunehmend Zeug:innen, Ziel und mitunter auch Aus{\"u}bende von Hatespeech. Hatespeech ist eine Form menschenfeindlicher {\"A}ußerungen und stellt Schulen, zu deren Aufgaben auch Demokratiebildung geh{\"o}rt, vor besondere Herausforderungen. Um Sch{\"u}ler:innen f{\"u}r Hatespeech zu sensibilisieren, sie beim Umgang mit Hatespeech-Situationen zu unterst{\"u}tzen und ihnen erfolgreiche Strategien gegen Hatespeech zu vermitteln, steht eine Vielzahl an Anti-Hatespeech-Programmen zur Verf{\"u}gung, deren Zielsetzungen, Umfang und Qualit{\"a}t sich stark voneinander unterscheiden. In einer durch das Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms „Demokratie leben!" gef{\"o}rderten Studie wurden national und international verf{\"u}gbare Anti-Hatespeech-Programme ermittelt und einer systematischen Qualit{\"a}tsanalyse unterzogen. Dabei wurden 16 Qualit{\"a}tskriterien einbezogen, die sowohl aus wissenschaftlicher als auch aus praxisbezogener Perspektive ermittelt wurden. Insgesamt wurden 27 Anti-Hatespeech-Programme eingesch{\"a}tzt. In dieser Publikation werden die zentralen Ergebnisse zu den 27 Programmen praxisnah vorgestellt, sodass Praktiker:innen an Schulen eine fundierte Auswahl treffen k{\"o}nnen. Dazu werden die zentralen Inhalte, Zielgruppen und Kontextbedingungen wie z. B. Dauer, Format und Kosten, aber auch die Ergebnisse der Qualit{\"a}tseinsch{\"a}tzung f{\"u}r jedes der 27 Programme vorgestellt. F{\"u}r ausgew{\"a}hlte Situationen und Zielstellungen werden einzelne Programme exemplarisch n{\"a}her beschrieben. Generelle Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die Auswahl von Programmen inklusive einer Checkliste runden die Publikation f{\"u}r Praktiker:innen ab.}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerMacaulayBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Macaulay, Peter J. R. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Staff communication at school and student-student relationship quality in the classroom : direct and indirect effects on students' experiences as bullies, bullied, and bully-victims}, series = {International Journal of Bullying Prevention}, volume = {2025}, journal = {International Journal of Bullying Prevention}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2523-3653}, doi = {10.1007/s42380-024-00283-0}, pages = {19}, abstract = {Bullying research is often based upon Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model, focusing on contextual level aspects associated with individual bullying experiences. Thus, various relevant contextual determinants of bullying have been identified, including classroom climate and school climate. However, even if interpersonal relationships are defined broadly in the definitions of classroom and (especially) school climate, its empirical investigation is limited to student-student or student-teacher relationships. In the current study, we included aspects of teacher-teacher relationships in the analyses by investigating staff communication at school. We investigated the associations between staff communication, student-student relationship quality in the classroom, and students' bullying experiences. In addition, we investigated if staff communication may be indirectly linked to students' bullying experiences via student-student relationships in the classroom. The sample was drawn from 556 teachers (79\% female, Mage = 50.6, SDage = 8.44) and 2,071 students (49\% female, Mage = 13.63, SDage = 1.17) in 114 classes across 24 schools in Germany. Two-level- and three-level models were performed. Findings suggest that rivalry as an aspect of student-student relationships in the classroom (a part of the classroom climate) is associated with students' bullying experiences as bullies, victims, and bully-victims. While staff communication is not directly associated with students' bullying experiences, it is indirectly associated with it via rivalry in the classroom. The findings also show that staff communication at school is associated with student-student relationships in the classroom. The study has implications for school-wide anti-bullying measures that should also include teacher-teacher aspects, and that future research should endeavour to include both class-level and school-level contexts.}, language = {en} } @misc{ReissOttovaJordanBilzetal., author = {Reiß, Franziska and Ottov{\´a}-Jordan, Veronika and Bilz, Ludwig and Moor, Irene and Dadaczynski, Kevin and Helmchen, Ronja M. and Schierl, Theresa and Sendatzki, Saskia and Rathmann, Katharina and Kaman, Anne and Deutschland, HBSC-Studienverbund and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike}, title = {Auswirkungen der Corona-Maßnahmen auf das Leben von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ergebnisse der bundesweiten HBSC-Studie 2022}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {1}, organization = {Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/12954}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Die Eind{\"a}mmungsmaßnahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie haben den Alltag vieler Menschen ver{\"a}ndert. Untersucht wird, wie Kinder und Jugendliche die Auswirkungen der Corona-Maßnahmen auf verschiedene Lebensbereiche einsch{\"a}tzen. Methode: An der repr{\"a}sentativen „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)"-Studie haben 2022 bundesweit N = 6.475 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler (11 -15 Jahre) teilgenommen. Mittels logistischer Regressionen wurden Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen den wahrgenommenen Auswirkungen der Corona-Maßnahmen auf verschiedene Bereiche ihres Lebens und den Faktoren Alter, Geschlecht und famili{\"a}rer Wohlstand untersucht. Ergebnisse: Zwei Jahre nach Pandemiebeginn berichteten Kinder und Jugendliche sowohl positive als auch negative Auswirkungen der Corona-Maßnahmen. Bei den sozialen Beziehungen nahm etwa die H{\"a}lfte der Befragten positive Auswirkungen wahr. Dagegen gab etwa jede bzw. jeder dritte Befragte Verschlechterungen bei der seelischen Gesundheit und den schulischen Leistungen an. Vor allem 11-J{\"a}hrige, Jungen und Befragte mit hohem famili{\"a}ren Wohlstand berichteten von positiven Auswirkungen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die in Einzelbereichen positiven Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf das Leben von Kindern und Jugendlichen und die sich hier abzeichnende Resilienz (Widerstandskraft) sowie die Ergebnisse zu negativeren Einsch{\"a}tzungen von Jugendlichen, M{\"a}dchen und Befragten mit niedrigerem famili{\"a}ren Wohlstand k{\"o}nnen als Ausgangspunkt f{\"u}r eine bedarfsorientierte und zielgruppenspezifische Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung in Krisenzeiten genutzt werden. Gegenstand zuk{\"u}nftiger Forschung sollten die Langzeitfolgen der Pandemie auf die Entwicklung junger Menschen sein.}, language = {de} } @book{StuermerBilz, author = {St{\"u}rmer, Elisabeth and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Die Gr{\"u}ndung und Funktionsweise von Schulzentren im Land Brandenburg : Abschlussbericht zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung im Auftrag des Brandenburger Ministeriums f{\"u}r Bildung, Jugend und Sport}, series = {Schriftenreihe des Instituts f{\"u}r Gesundheit}, volume = {9}, journal = {Schriftenreihe des Instituts f{\"u}r Gesundheit}, editor = {Bilz, Ludwig}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg, Institut f{\"u}r Gesundheit}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-940471-83-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-69470}, pages = {424}, abstract = {Schulzentren sind Zusammenschl{\"u}sse von Grundschulen mit weiterf{\"u}hrenden Schulen (Ober- oder Gesamtschulen) im Land Brandenburg. Sie sollen l{\"a}ngeres gemeinsames Lernen f{\"o}rdern, Bildungsgerechtigkeit st{\"a}rken und Synergieeffekte durch den Zusammenschluss von Prim{\"a}r- und Sekundarstufe erzielen. Im Auftrag des Brandenburger Ministeriums f{\"u}r Bildung, Jugend und Sport wurden in dieser Studie der Gr{\"u}ndungsprozess und die Funktionsweise von Schulzentren untersucht. Im Einzelnen zielten die Forschungsfragen auf die Motivlagen der AkteurInnen bei der Gr{\"u}ndung, ihre M{\"o}glichkeiten der Beeinflussung des Prozesses, die Gelingensbedingungen und Hemmnisse sowie die Synergieeffekte. Weiterhin ging es um die zeitlichen Ver{\"a}nderungen der Motivlagen der beteiligten Akteur:innen, die Funktionsbedingungen von Schulzentren im Vergleich zu unverbundenen Schulen, die Rolle der Schulentwicklungsplanung und den Einfluss der Schulzentren auf die Sch{\"u}lerstr{\"o}me. Die Studie nutzte eine Kombination aus quantitativen und qualitativen Forschungsmethoden zur Untersuchung dieser Forschungsfragen. Es wurden wiederholte Online-Befragungen mit Lehrpersonen und Schulleitungen an allen 41 Schulzentren durchgef{\"u}hrt, schulstatistische Daten analysiert und kontrastierende Einzelfallstudien an sieben Schulzentren durchgef{\"u}hrt. Letztere umfassten ExpertInneninterviews mit AkteurInnen aus Bildungspolitik, Schulverwaltung und Einzelschulen sowie Dokumentenanalysen von Schulprogrammen und Schulentwicklungspl{\"a}nen. Der Bericht stellt die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung vor und gibt auf dieser Grundlage Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die verschiedenen Phasen des Gr{\"u}ndungsprozesses eines Schulzentrums.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {{\"A}ngste bei Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern : Pr{\"a}vention und Intervention im schulischen Kontext}, series = {Lehrer-Sch{\"u}ler-Interaktion : Inhaltsfelder, Forschungsperspektiven und methodische Zug{\"a}nge}, booktitle = {Lehrer-Sch{\"u}ler-Interaktion : Inhaltsfelder, Forschungsperspektiven und methodische Zug{\"a}nge}, editor = {Schweer, Martin K. W.}, edition = {4., {\"u}berarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-45041-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-45042-7_15}, pages = {363 -- 383}, abstract = {In diesem Beitrag werden {\"A}ngste betrachtet, die im Kontext Schule auftreten und f{\"u}r die sich, neben der Frage nach der klinischen, auch die Frage nach der p{\"a}dagogischen Relevanz stellt. Im Einzelnen wird auf Trennungs-, Leistungs- und Pr{\"u}fungs{\"a}ngste sowie auf soziale {\"A}ngste eingegangen. Neben den Ursachen von {\"A}ngsten und Angstst{\"o}rungen werden Folgen von {\"A}ngsten, insbesondere f{\"u}r das Lernen in der Schule, und Herausforderungen bei der Diagnostik vorgestellt. Der Beitrag endet mit Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r die gestufte Pr{\"a}vention und Intervention bei schulbezogenen {\"A}ngsten auf der Klassen- und Schulebene sowie auf der individuellen Ebene.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchuetzReissMooretal., author = {Sch{\"u}tz, Raphael and Reiss, Franziska and Moor, Irene and Kaman, Anne and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Lonely children and adolescents are less healthy and report less social support : a study on the effect of loneliness on mental health and the moderating role of social support}, series = {BMC public health}, volume = {25}, journal = {BMC public health}, publisher = {BioMed Central (BMC)}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-025-23247-5}, pages = {1 -- 21}, abstract = {Background Loneliness among children and adolescents has been increasingly recognized as a public health issue, for example, because of its associations with mental health problems. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence regarding the links between loneliness and mental health and the potential buffering role of social support. Thus, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of loneliness among children and adolescents in Germany and its associations with mental health. Furthermore, we analyze whether social support is negatively correlated with loneliness and mental health problems and whether it acts as a moderator of the association between loneliness and mental health issues. Methods This study analyzed data from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Germany in 2022, which included 6,475 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years (girls: 50,6\%, Mage = 13,4, SD = 1,7). Loneliness was measured via the University of California-Los Angeles Scale (UCLA) and a single-item measure. The mental health indicators included subjective health, life satisfaction, and multiple psychosomatic complaints. Social support from family, teachers, and classmates was assessed. Chi-square tests, t tests, logistic regressions, and moderation analyses were conducted. Results A total of 17.2\% of the students reported high levels of loneliness. Compared with boys, girls and gender-diverse students reported higher rates of loneliness. High levels of loneliness were strongly linked to poorer subjective health (OR = 5.56, p <.001), lower life satisfaction (OR = 7.32, p <.001), and increased psychosomatic complaints (OR = 7.38, p <.001). High social support from family, teachers, and students was associated with reduced loneliness and better mental health outcomes. Teacher support in grades 7 and 9 buffered the effect of loneliness on multiple psychosomatic complaints. Conclusion The findings highlight that loneliness is a prevalent phenomenon among children and adolescents and is strongly associated with mental health issues. Greater social support is linked to reduced loneliness and better mental health, so targeted interventions to promote social support in schools and families are needed to address loneliness. Future research should explore longitudinal relationships and further elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Emotionale St{\"o}rungen bei Sch{\"u}ler*innen}, series = {Schulpsychologie : ein Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Praxis}, booktitle = {Schulpsychologie : ein Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Praxis}, editor = {Pfetsch, Jan and Georges, Steffgen and Matthias, B{\"o}hmer}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-71374-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-71375-4_22}, pages = {179 -- 186}, abstract = {Depressionen und {\"A}ngste geh{\"o}ren zu den h{\"a}ufigsten psychischen Problemen des Kindes- und Jugendalters und haben bei vielen Sch{\"u}ler*innen einen engen Bezug zur schulischen Umwelt. In diesem Kapitel wird auf die Symptomatik, Verbreitung, Diagnostik und Pr{\"a}vention/Intervention von Depressionen, Trennungs{\"a}ngsten, sozialen {\"A}ngsten, Leistungs- und Pr{\"u}fungs{\"a}ngsten eingegangen. Dem Beitrag liegt ein dimensionales Verst{\"a}ndnis von emotionalen St{\"o}rungen zugrunde. N{\"a}her betrachtet werden depressive Beschwerden und {\"A}ngste, f{\"u}r die jenseits der klinischen Relevanz auch von Interesse ist, ob und wie sie die Entwicklung und das Lernen in der Schule beeintr{\"a}chtigen.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Schul- und Klassenklima}, series = {Schulpsychologie : ein Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Praxis}, booktitle = {Schulpsychologie : ein Lehrbuch f{\"u}r die Praxis}, editor = {Pfetsch, Jan and Steffgen, Georges and B{\"o}hmer, Matthias}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-662-71374-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-71375-4_7}, pages = {55 -- 61}, abstract = {Das Schul- und Klassenklima steht f{\"u}r die Wahrnehmungen der schulischen Umwelt durch die Sch{\"u}ler*innen, z. B. wie sie den Unterricht, ihre Beziehungen untereinander oder zu den Lehrkr{\"a}ften einsch{\"a}tzen. Da das Klima an Schulen und in Klassen eng mit den Lernergebnissen, der sozialen Entwicklung und dem Wohlbefinden von Sch{\"u}ler*innen zusammenh{\"a}ngt, ist es ein wichtiger Gegenstand schulpsychologischer Diagnostik und Intervention. Dieser Beitrag geht auf die Definition und die Komponenten des Klimas an Schulen und Schulklassen ein und stellt verschiedene Erhebungsverfahren vor. Mit Bezugnahme auf zentrale Theorien wird auf die Auswirkungen des Klimas auf Sch{\"u}ler*innen und Lehrkr{\"a}fte eingegangen, es werden Befunde zur Sicht deutscher Sch{\"u}ler*innen auf die Schule pr{\"a}sentiert sowie Strategien zur F{\"o}rderung des Schul- und Klassenklimas vorgestellt.}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheBilzFischeretal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bartholom{\"a}us, Peter}, title = {What works in hate speech prevention and intervention in schools? : results of a systematic review of school-based programs to deal with hate speech}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum, June 11 - 13, 2025, Stavanger, Norway}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum, June 11 - 13, 2025, Stavanger, Norway}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MQWGJ}, pages = {1 -- 17}, abstract = {Hate speech (HS) is a global issue. The intentional expression of group-related derogation has become more widespread in recent years and potentially bears negative consequences for individuals, communities, and societies (Kansok-Dusche et al., 2023). After the internet, the school is a context where children and adolescents perpetrate and witness HS or become victims of it (Castellanos et al., 2023). However, schools also represent a suitable location to address HS incidents and to prevent future HS. To date, there is limited evidence on the availability, quality, and effectiveness of school-based programs to deal with HS. This systematic review aims to compile a catalog of available school-based programs on HS that particularly target children and adolescents. Two independent reviewers evaluated the programs' quality on a criteria-driven basis. The quality criteria combine perspectives from science (e.g., Nation et al., 2003) and secondary school teachers, and from students. The perspectives of the school practitioners were collected in qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. Two coders extracted the quality criteria using grounded theory methods. Of the 27 programs identified, 25 originate from Europe. The presentation will provide an overview of the programs and their quality results. Recommendations will be given for program implementation in schools and for further program improvement.}, language = {de} } @misc{ZeissigMoellerFischeretal., author = {Zeißig, Anke and Moeller, Julia and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {How students' unsatisfied needs in class situations relate to their current boredom : an experience sampling method study}, series = {Preprint}, journal = {Preprint}, publisher = {Research Square}, doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-7211748/v1}, abstract = {Boredom in classrooms is attributed to a lack of meaningfulness, over- or under challenging tasks, a lack of mental stimulation or a lack of autonomy. Previous research has mostly studied the effect of these few needs separately of each other, leaving questions about the comparative effects of different psychological needs on boredom unanswered. The present study integrates these predictors and combines them with six others in one joint study, to determine the respective contribution of each individual unsatisfied needs to boredom in the classroom in comparison with the others, differentiating between the situational and personal levels.A pre-registered study was conducted with 111 ninth-grade students at secondary schools. The study used the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), examining students' boredom directly in classroom situations. Unsatisfied needs and boredom were recorded on average 15 times for each student in various teaching situations.Multilevel regression analyses showed that unsatisfied needs, particularly for mental stimulation, but also for competence, autonomy, and meaningfulness, predicted students' boredom in the classroom. The unsatisfied need for relatedness (i.e. sense of belonging or relationship) was not a direct predictor of boredom, but significantly interacted with gender in predicting boredom. Unsatisfied needs for luxury/aesthetics, influence, self-esteem, physical thriving and security had no predictive effect on boredom. Differences in boredom between individuals were partly explained by gender, as boys experienced higher boredom than girls. Within the individuals, there was a difference between school subjects, with higher boredom in language than in science lessons. The study augments the previously few and isolated findings on the association between unsatisfied psychological needs and boredom.}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheWachsWettsteinetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Associations between teachers' latent competency profiles and their hate speech interventions in school : a multilevel person-centered approach}, series = {27th Workshop on Aggression (November 26-28, 2025)}, journal = {27th Workshop on Aggression (November 26-28, 2025)}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/ZD79H}, pages = {1 -- 21}, language = {en} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hatespeech hat Folgen}, series = {G+G Spezial}, volume = {2026}, journal = {G+G Spezial}, number = {1}, publisher = {AOK Medien GmbH}, address = {Remagen}, issn = {1436-1728}, pages = {16 -- 17}, language = {de} }