@inproceedings{KnoopDornackDietrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Dietrich, Nils and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Quality and condition of residues from organic waste fermentation with regard to its usage as soil amendment}, series = {Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, San Servolo, Venice, Italy, 17-20 November 2014}, booktitle = {Proceedings, Fifth International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, San Servolo, Venice, Italy, 17-20 November 2014}, publisher = {CISA Publisher}, address = {Padova}, abstract = {The input of biowaste material in biogas plants has increased in the recent years. With that comes a certain amount of residues that can potentially be applied as organic soil amendment in order to recycle nutrients and to maintain and improve soil functions. The aim of this article is to give an impression of preliminary results of our study on characteristics of solid fermentation residues from different German biogas plants using organic waste material as main input substrate. A fundamental analysis shall reveal information such as material composition, nutrient and heavy metal concentration and impurity content. These characteristics are compared to existing data on composts and residues from organic waste treatment and will be evaluated in the context of organic amendment application.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DietrichKnoopKruemmelbeinetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Einfluss der Ausbringung von aufbereiteten G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung auf bodenphysikalische Eigenschaften}, series = {DBG Jahrestagung 2015, M{\"u}nchen, 7.-11. September 2015}, booktitle = {DBG Jahrestagung 2015, M{\"u}nchen, 7.-11. September 2015}, pages = {1}, abstract = {In Deutschland fallen j{\"a}hrlich ca. 13 Mio t Bioabfall an. Im Zuge der Novellierung des EEG 2014 erfolgte eine Aufhebung aller Sonderverg{\"u}tungen. Da zuk{\"u}nftig keine erh{\"o}hten, einsatzstoffbezogenen Verg{\"u}tungen (z. B. f{\"u}r Mais, Zuckerr{\"u}ben und Getreide) mehr vorgesehen sind, wird sich der Ausbau der Biomasse auf den Einsatz von Reststoffen (z. B. G{\"u}lle und Abfallstoffe) konzentrieren . Aus diesem Grund ist mit einer verst{\"a}rkten Zunahme von G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus Bioabf{\"a}llen zu rechnen. Im Rahmen des vom BMBF gef{\"o}rderten VeNGA-Projektes Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und N{\"a}hrstoffnutzung der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Abfallverg{\"a}rung, erfolgt die genaue Charakterisierung unterschiedlicher G{\"a}rrestprodukte und Aufbereitungsverfahren hinsichtlich ihrer bodenphysikalischen Wirkung und ihrer Effekte auf Wachstum und Entwicklung von landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen. In dem Projekt werden G{\"a}rprodukte aus zwei Laboranlagen und einer Technikumsanlage mittels vier Verfahren aufbereitet und in Gef{\"a}ßversuchen und einem dreij{\"a}hrigen Feldversuch hinsichtlich ihrer langfristigen boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung untersucht. Die unterschiedliche Aufbereitung der G{\"a}rreste erfolgt nach der Kompostierung aus demselben Material, in Form von Rollpellets, Presspellets, zerfasertem Kompost und einer Referenzvariante aus gesiebtem Kompost. Bei den unter kontrollierten Bedingungen im Gew{\"a}chshaus durchgef{\"u}hrten viermonatigen Gef{\"a}ßversuchen wurden die G{\"a}rprodukte unter Sommerweizen und im Feldversuch unter Hirse, Senf und Gr{\"u}nroggen getestet. Erste Ergebnisse nach dem ersten Versuchsjahr zeigen sowohl f{\"u}r die Gef{\"a}ßversuche als auch im Freilandversuch einen positiven Effekt f{\"u}r die Rollpellets auf den Biomasseertrag im Vergleich zu den anderen Aufbereitungsvarianten. Aufgrund des gleichen Ausgangsmaterials der verschiedenen Varianten deutet der Mehrertrag bei der Applikation der Rollpellets auf eine positive bodenphysikalische Wirkung und verbesserte Porenverh{\"a}ltnissen, die mit einer Steigerung des Wasserhalteverm{\"o}gens einhergeht, hin. Des Weiteren besitzen die Rollpellets im Vergleich zu den anderen getesteten Varianten gute Lager-, Transport- und Applikationseigenschaften. Auch konnte in Rhizotronenversuch gezeigt werden, dass die verschieden G{\"a}rrestprodukte unterschiedliche Einfl{\"u}sse auf das Wurzelwachstum von Sommerweizen besitzen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Aufbereitung von Bioabfall-G{\"a}rresten zur Nutzung als Bodenverbesserer}, series = {Tagungsband, 10. Biogastagung - Anaerobe Biologische Abfallbehandlung, 29.-30. Semtember 2015, Dresden}, booktitle = {Tagungsband, 10. Biogastagung - Anaerobe Biologische Abfallbehandlung, 29.-30. Semtember 2015, Dresden}, publisher = {Forum f{\"u}r Abfallwirtschaft und Altlasten e.V.}, address = {Pirna}, pages = {177 -- 186}, abstract = {Mit der Implementierung des Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetzes (KrWG) im Jahr 2012 hat sich die Bundesregierung gesetzlich auf eine getrennte Erfassung von Bioabf{\"a}llen in privaten Haushalten ab Januar 2015 festgelegt. Bioabf{\"a}lle werden in Deutschland bereits in {\"u}ber 100 Biogasanlagen eingesetzt und k{\"o}nnten in Zukunft verst{\"a}rkt als G{\"a}rsubstrat genutzt werden. Die nach der Verg{\"a}rung verbleibenden organischen R{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Fl{\"a}chen r{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. Im Rahmen des VeNGA-Projektes (Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Verwertung und N{\"a}hrstoffnutzung sowie der boden- und pflanzenbezogenen Wirkung von G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Abfallverg{\"a}rung) am Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Firma Grossmann Ingenieur Consult Dresden (GICON) und dem Institut f{\"u}r Stadt{\"o}kologische Projekte Berlin (IASP) sollen Aufbereitungsm{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r R{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung untersucht werden. Im Fokus steht dabei der Einfluss der Substratbehandlung w{\"a}hrend des Biogas- und Aufbereitungsprozesses auf die Eigenschaften der entstehenden D{\"u}ngeprodukte. Die Untersuchungen werden sowohl im Labor als auch im Technikum durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Charakterisierung der festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung hat gezeigt, dass diese ein {\"a}hnliches N{\"a}hrstoffpotential wie Gr{\"u}nd{\"u}nger oder Frischkompost besitzen. Durch den organischen Abbau w{\"a}hrend der Verg{\"a}rung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von N{\"a}hrstoffen und Schwermetallen in der festen Phase. Der Stickstoff liegt zu durchschnittlich 25 \% in Form von pflanzenverf{\"u}gbarem Ammoni-um vor. W{\"a}hrend der Aufbereitung ist jedoch eine Teiltrocknung der G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde unumg{\"a}nglich, was zun{\"a}chst zum Stickstoffverlust f{\"u}hrt. Es ist also von einer geringen Stickstoffverf{\"u}gbarkeit in den festen G{\"a}rprodukten auszugehen. Der Einsatz der aufbereiteten G{\"a}rprodukte in Topfexperimenten und im Feldversuch hat gezeigt, dass die Ausbringung in Kombination mit Minerald{\"u}ngung zu einem erh{\"o}hten Biomasseertrag f{\"u}hrt. Dies l{\"a}sst eine positive Wirkung der G{\"a}rprodukte auf die Bodeneigenschaften schlussfolgern. Feste G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde k{\"o}nnen bei Erf{\"u}llung der Kriterien nach BioAbfV als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Eine Aufbereitung ist hierf{\"u}r in den meisten F{\"a}llen notwendig. Dies gilt insbesondere f{\"u}r Substrate, die vor der Verg{\"a}rung keiner St{\"o}rstoffabscheidung unterzogen werden. Das zweistufige Fest-Fl{\"u}ssig-Verfahren, welches f{\"u}r die Untersuchungen angewendet wird, hat den Vorteil besonders unanf{\"a}llig gegen{\"u}ber St{\"o}rstoffen zu sein. Der St{\"o}rstoffgehalt im G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckstand ist dadurch vergleichsweise h{\"o}her als bei anderen Verfahren, was einen gr{\"o}ßeren Aufbereitungsaufwand nach sich zieht.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Aufbereitung von festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung zu Bodenhilfsstoffen}, series = {Tagungsband, 6. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft, am 10. und 11. M{\"a}rz 2016 in Berlin}, booktitle = {Tagungsband, 6. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft, am 10. und 11. M{\"a}rz 2016 in Berlin}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Abfallwirtschaft e.V.}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-00-052365-6}, abstract = {Mit der Novellierung des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) im Jahr 2014 und der fl{\"a}chendeckenden Einf{\"u}hrung der getrennten Erfassung der Bioabf{\"a}lle seit 2015 (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz 2012) wurden deutliche Anreize f{\"u}r die Verwendung von organischen Reststoffen zur Biogaserzeugung gesetzt. Ein verst{\"a}rkter Einsatz von Bioabf{\"a}llen als G{\"a}rsubstrat ist zu erwarten. Die festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Fl{\"a}chen r{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit dient der Untersuchung von Aufbereitungsm{\"o}glichkeiten der festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung und soll insbesondere die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Verg{\"a}rung, Aufbereitung und anschließender Bodenwirkung klarstellen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Conditioning of residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment}, series = {24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 6-9 June 2016, Book of abstracts}, booktitle = {24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 6-9 June 2016, Book of abstracts}, address = {Amsterdam}, pages = {S. 37}, abstract = {The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic waste digestion as composting of organic waste materials is still common. Before digestion residues can be applied to soils they need to be conditioned as they have a high impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials) and need to meet the requirements of German regulation on biowaste (Bioabfallverordnung). Our research is investigating on conditioning methods for solid residues of municipal organic waste digestion with regard to the potential effect of products on soil structure, soil water regime and nutrient supply. Investigations have been made with different digestion residues from lab scale, semi-industrial and industrial scale biogas plants. Conditioning methods have been tested using our in-lab treatment facilities consisting of a drying, composting, sieving and pelletizing unit. Preliminary results show that drying and pelletizing measures influence hydrophobicity of digestion residues. As water repellency directly affects water flow and soil moisture this is a determining parameter regarding the amendment performance of conditioned products.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DietrichKnoopRaabetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia}, title = {Influence of soil amendments made from digestate on soil physics and the growth of spring wheat}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April - 22 May 2016}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria, 17 April - 22 May 2016}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Every year 13 million tons of organic wastes accumulate in Germany. These wastes are a potential alternative for the production of energy in biogas plants, especially because the financial subventions for the cultivation of renewable resources for energy production were omitted in 2014. The production of energy from biomass and organic wastes in biogas plants results in the accumulation of digestate and therefore causes the need for a sustainable strategy of the utilization of these residues. Within the scope of the BMBF-funded project 'VeNGA - Investigations for recovery and nutrient use as well as soil and plant-related effects of digestate from waste fermentation' the application of processed digestate as soil amendments is examined. Therefore we tested four different mechanical treatment processes (rolled pellets, pressed pellets, shredded compost and sieved compost) to produce soil amendments from digestate with regard to their impact on soil physics, soil chemistry and the interactions between plants and soil. Pot experiments with soil amendments were performed in the greenhouse experiment with spring wheat and in field trials with millet, mustard and forage rye. After the first year of the experiment, preliminary results indicate a positive effect of the sieved compost and the rolled pellets on biomass yield of spring wheat as compared to the other variations. First results from the Investigation on soil physics show that rolled pellets have a positive effect on the soil properties by influencing size and distribution of pores resulting in an increased water holding capacity. Further ongoing enhancements of the physical and chemical properties of the soil amendments indicate promising results regarding the ecological effects by increased root growth of spring wheat.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Conditioning of solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment}, series = {Venice 2016, 6th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste 2016, Venice, Italy, 14-17 November 2016}, booktitle = {Venice 2016, 6th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste 2016, Venice, Italy, 14-17 November 2016}, publisher = {CISA Publisher}, address = {Padova}, isbn = {978-88-6265-007-6}, abstract = {To prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility the application of organic soil amendments is a common measure. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of organic household waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic household waste digestion and the effects of conditioning measures on substrate quality and amendment performance in soil. Before digestion residues can be applied to agricultural soils in Germany, they need to meet the requirements of Biowaste Ordinance (BioAbfV). Conditioning mainly focuses on reducing impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials), securing hygiene of residues, reducing water content and developing tradable products. We studied the effect of drying, composting, sieving and pelletisation on final product characteristics. Investigations have been examined with solid digestates, composted digestates and pelletized digestates originating from the same organic waste input. Samples were retrieved from a semi-industrial biogas plant of the company GICON (Gemany) and a composting plant of the company Becker Umweltdienste (Germany). Investigations show that characteristics of organic household waste undergo a clear change during anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of the digestate. The final composted product will mainly contribute to long-term development of soil fertiliy. The improvement of waste quality is the most important measure to ensure the provision of high-quality soil amendments. Investigations on the impact of digestate products on soil-water-regime however did not show a clear advantage of pelletized products over loose material.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DietrichKnoopRaab, author = {Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effect of differently pelletized digestate on the plant growth of spring wheat}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In Germany, biowaste is used in more than 100 biogas plants and has increasing potential as a fermentation substrate. To optimise waste cycle management organic digestates should be redistributed and innovative products for soil amendment of agricultural areas could be developed. The BMBF-funded VeNGA project seeks to find answers on how to improve the properties of soil amendments produced from fermentation residues. Here, we report findings from our study that focuses on plant growth and soil development. Within a three-month rhizotron experiment, the influence of differently prepared fermentation residues on the root development of summer wheat was investigated. The four variants of the prepared digestate (rolled pellet, pressed pellet, shredded, loose) were tested under constant conditions in the greenhouse on two soils with different textures (sandy and loamy-sand). All fermentation residues originated from the same batch and were composted before the preparation to ensure adequate hygienisation. Depending on preparation type and soil substrate significant differences in root growth and root development have been observed. Plant growth was most intense in the rhizotron experiment with the loose digestate, indicating high nutrient availability due to the large surface area of the organic matter. Plant growth in the substrate with the rolled and pressed pellets was less pronounced, indicating a more persistent stability of the pellets. In rhizotrons applied with rolled and pressed pellets root growth into the mineral fabric was significantly lower in sandy substrate than in the loamy-sand. However, in the sandy substrate root growth within the rolled pellets was more intense than in the substrate with the pressed pellets. Obviously, the different production techniques of the pellets seem to have an influence on the rooting of the pellets and facilitate the long term stability of soil organic carbon. Furthermore, the comparison of the two different textures indicate, that sandy substrates benefit more from the positive effects of soil amendments on increased water retention than loamy substrates.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschDietrichKnoopetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Micromorphology of pelletized soil conditioners}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Soil conditioners produced by anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of organic household waste, bear the potential to improve unproductive farmland together with a reduced input risk of unwanted pollutants into the soils. Within the VeNGA project (http://www.biogas-network.de/venga), soil conditioners from anaerobically digested organic household waste are tested for their potential to increase plant growth in glasshouse and field experiments. Because the production techniques of these soil conditioners may influence their physical and chemical behaviour in the soil, two different techniques for pelletizing the soil conditioners where applied. We present findings from a pot experiment with cereal that has been sampled after two months for micromorphological analyses.We visualize the decomposition and the physical behaviour of the soil conditioners. Pellets produced in an agglomeration mixer result in dense balls, that are only slightly decomposed after the trial. But the soil conditioners created under pressure in a screw extruder are rich in voids and have the potential of retaining more soil water.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Nutrient and heavy metal accumulation in municipal organic waste from separate collection during anaerobic digestion in a two-stage laboratory biogas plant}, series = {Bioresource Technology}, volume = {239}, journal = {Bioresource Technology}, issn = {1873-2976}, doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.026}, pages = {437 -- 446}, language = {en} }