@misc{CasanuevaKeulerKotlarskietal., author = {Casanueva, Anna and Keuler, Klaus and Kotlarski, Sven and Herrera, Sixto and Fern{\´a}ndez, J{\´e}sus and Guti{\´e}rrez, J. M. and Boberg, Fredrik and Colette, Augustin and B{\o}ssing Christensen, Ole and Goergen, Klaus and Jacob, Daniela and Nikulin, Grigory and Teichmann, Claas and Vautard, Robert}, title = {Daily precipitation statistics in a EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble: Added value of raw and bias-corrected high-resolution simulations}, series = {Climate Dynamics}, volume = {47}, journal = {Climate Dynamics}, number = {3/4}, issn = {1432-0894}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-015-2865-x}, pages = {719 -- 737}, abstract = {Daily precipitation statistics as simulated by the ERA-Interim-driven EURO-CORDEX regional climate model (RCM) ensemble are evaluated over two distinct regions of the European continent, namely the European Alps and Spain. The potential added value of the high-resolution 12 km experiments with respect to their 50 km resolution counterparts is investigated. The statistics considered consist of wet-day intensity and precipitation frequency as a measure of mean precipitation, and three precipitation-derived indicators (90th percentile on wet days—90pWET, contribution of the very wet days to total precipitation—R95pTOT and number of consecutive dry days—CDD). As reference for model evaluation high resolution gridded observational data over continental Spain (Spain011/044) and the Alpine region (EURO4M-APGD) are used. The assessment and comparison of the two resolutions is accomplished not only on their original horizontal grids (approximately 12 and 50 km), but the high-resolution RCMs are additionally regridded onto the coarse 50 km grid by grid cell aggregation for the direct comparison with the low resolution simulations. The direct application of RCMs e.g. in many impact modelling studies is hampered by model biases. Therefore bias correction (BC) techniques are needed at both resolutions to ensure a better agreement between models and observations. In this work, the added value of the high resolution (before and after the bias correction) is assessed and the suitability of these BC methods is also discussed. Three basic BC methods are applied to isolate the effect of biases in mean precipitation, wet-day intensity and wet-day frequency on the derived indicators. Daily precipitation percentiles are strongly affected by biases in the wet-day intensity, whereas the dry spells are better represented when the simulated precipitation frequency is adjusted to the observed one. This confirms that there is no single optimal way to correct for RCM biases, since correcting some distributional features typically leads to an improvement of some aspects but to a deterioration of others. Regarding mean seasonal biases before the BC, we find only limited evidence for an added value of the higher resolution in the precipitation intensity and frequency or in the derived indicators. Thereby, evaluation results considerably depend on the RCM, season and indicator considered. High resolution simulations better reproduce the indicators' spatial patterns, especially in terms of spatial correlation. However, this improvement is not statistically significant after applying specific BC methods.}, language = {en} } @misc{PreinGobietTruhetzetal., author = {Prein, Andreas and Gobiet, Andreas and Truhetz, Heimo and Keuler, Klaus and Goergen, Klaus and Teichmann, Claas and Fox Maule, C. and Meijgaard, Erik van}, title = {Precipitation in the EURO-CORDEX 0.11° and 0.44° simulations: high resolution, high benefits?}, series = {Climate Dynamics}, volume = {46}, journal = {Climate Dynamics}, number = {1}, issn = {0930-7575}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-015-2589-y}, pages = {383 -- 412}, abstract = {In the framework of the EURO-CORDEX initiative an ensemble of European-wide high-resolution regional climate simulations on a 0.11∘(∼12.5km) grid has been generated. This study investigates whether the fine-gridded regional climate models are found to add value to the simulated mean and extreme daily and sub-daily precipitation compared to their coarser-gridded 0.44∘(∼50km) counterparts. Therefore, pairs of fine- and coarse-gridded simulations of eight reanalysis-driven models are compared to fine-gridded observations in the Alps, Germany, Sweden, Norway, France, the Carpathians, and Spain. A clear result is that the 0.11∘ simulations are found to better reproduce mean and extreme precipitation for almost all regions and seasons, even on the scale of the coarser-gridded simulations (50 km). This is primarily caused by the improved representation of orography in the 0.11∘ simulations and therefore largest improvements can be found in regions with substantial orographic features. Improvements in reproducing precipitation in the summer season appear also due to the fact that in the fine-gridded simulations the larger scales of convection are captured by the resolved-scale dynamics . The 0.11∘ simulations reduce biases in large areas of the investigated regions, have an improved representation of spatial precipitation patterns, and precipitation distributions are improved for daily and in particular for 3 hourly precipitation sums in Switzerland. When the evaluation is conducted on the fine (12.5 km) grid, the added value of the 0.11∘ models becomes even more obvious.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnistGoergenKeuler, author = {Knist, Sebastian and Goergen, Klaus and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {Land-atmosphere coupling in EURO-CORDEX evaluation experiments}, series = {Journal of Geophysical Research Atmosperes}, volume = {122}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research Atmosperes}, number = {1}, issn = {2169-8996}, doi = {10.1002/2016JD025476}, pages = {79 -- 103}, abstract = {Interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere play a fundamental role in the weather and climate system. Here we present a comparison of summertime land-atmosphere coupling strength found in a subset of the ERA-Interim-driven European domain Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX) model ensemble (1989 - 2008). Most of the regional climate models (RCMs) reproduce the overall soil moisture interannual variability, spatial patterns, and annual cycles of surface exchange fluxes for the different European climate zones suggested by the observational Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) and FLUXNET data sets. However, some RCMs differ substantially from FLUXNET observations for some regions. The coupling strength is quantified by the correlation between the surface sensible and the latent heat flux, and by the correlation between the latent heat flux and 2 m temperature. The first correlation is compared to its estimate from the few available long-term European high-quality FLUXNET observations, and the latter to results from gridded GLEAM data. The RCM simulations agree with both observational datasets in the large-scale pattern characterized by strong coupling in southern Europe and weak coupling in northern Europe. However, in the transition zone from strong to weak coupling covering large parts of central Europe many of the RCMs tend to overestimate the coupling strength in comparison to both FLUXNET and GLEAM. The RCM ensemble spread is caused primarily by the different land surface models applied, and by the model-specific weather conditions resulting from different atmospheric parameterizations}, language = {en} } @misc{BeckerSchallerKeuler, author = {Becker, Andreas and Schaller, Eberhard and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {Continuous four-dimensional source attribution for the Berlin area during two days in July 1994. Part II: Sensitivy studies}, abstract = {The multiple nested three-dimensional (3D) mesoscale Eulerian grid point model MM5 is directly coupled with a Lagrangian particle trajectory model in order to perform a four-dimensional source attribution for the area of Berlin based on the horizontal distribution of the import probability density (IPD).}, language = {en} } @misc{JacobKeulerGeorgievskietal., author = {Jacob, Daniela and Keuler, Klaus and Georgievski, Goran and Radtke, Kai}, title = {EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research}, series = {Regional Environmental Change}, volume = {14}, journal = {Regional Environmental Change}, number = {2}, issn = {1436-378X}, doi = {10.1007/s10113-013-0499-2}, pages = {563 -- 578}, abstract = {A new high-resolution regional climate change ensemble has been established for Europe within the World Climate Research Program Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX) initiative. The first set of simulations with a horizontal resolution of 12.5 km was completed for the new emission scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 with more simulations expected to follow. The aim of this paper is to present this data set to the different communities active in regional climate modelling, impact assessment and adaptation. The EURO-CORDEX ensemble results have been compared to the SRES A1B simulation results achieved within the ENSEMBLES project. The large-scale patterns of changes in mean temperature and precipitation are similar in all three scenarios, but they differ in regional details, which can partly be related to the higher resolution in EURO-CORDEX. The results strengthen those obtained in ENSEMBLES, but need further investigations. The analysis of impact indices shows that for RCP8.5, there is a substantially larger change projected for temperature-based indices than for RCP4.5. The difference is less pronounced for precipitation-based indices. Two effects of the increased resolution can be regarded as an added value of regional climate simulations. Regional climate model simulations provide higher daily precipitation intensities, which are completely missing in the global climate model simulations, and they provide a significantly different climate change of daily precipitation intensities resulting in a smoother shift from weak to moderate and high intensities.}, language = {en} } @misc{JacobKeulerGeorgievskietal., author = {Jacob, Daniela and Keuler, Klaus and Georgievski, Goran and Radtke, Kai}, title = {Erratum to: EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research}, series = {Regional Environmental Change}, volume = {14}, journal = {Regional Environmental Change}, number = {2}, issn = {1436-378X}, doi = {10.1007/s10113-014-0587-y}, pages = {579 -- 581}, language = {en} } @misc{PreinGobietSuklitschetal., author = {Prein, Andreas and Gobiet, Andreas and Suklitsch, Martin and Truhetz, Heimo and Awan, N. K. and Keuler, Klaus and Georgievski, Goran}, title = {Added value of convection permitting seasonal simulations}, series = {Climate Dynamics}, volume = {41}, journal = {Climate Dynamics}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-013-1744-6}, pages = {2655 -- 2677}, language = {en} } @misc{KotlarskiKeulerBossingChristensenetal., author = {Kotlarski, Sven and Keuler, Klaus and B{\o}ssing Christensen, Ole and Colette, Augustin and D{\´e}qu{\´e}, Michel}, title = {Regional climate modeling on European scales: A joint standard evaluation of the EURO-CORDEX RCM ensemble}, series = {Geoscientific Model Development}, journal = {Geoscientific Model Development}, number = {7}, doi = {10.5194/gmd-7-1297-2014}, pages = {1297 -- 1333}, language = {en} } @misc{PanitzDosioBuechneretal., author = {Panitz, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Dosio, Alessandro and B{\"u}chner, Mathias and L{\"u}thi, Daniel and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {COSMO-CLM (CCLM) climate simulations over CORDEX Africa domain: Analysis of the ERA-Interim driven simulations at 0.44◦ and 0.22◦ resolution}, series = {Climate Dynamics}, volume = {42}, journal = {Climate Dynamics}, number = {11-12}, issn = {1432-0894}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-013-1834-5}, pages = {3015 -- 3038}, language = {en} } @misc{BoehmKeulerOesterleetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Uwe and Keuler, Klaus and {\"O}sterle, Hermann and K{\"u}cken, Martin and Hauffe, Detlef}, title = {Quality of a climate reconstruction for the CADSES regions}, series = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {17}, journal = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, number = {4}, issn = {1610-1227}, doi = {10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0318}, pages = {477 -- 485}, abstract = {We used the regional climate model CCLM 4 to reconstruct the climate over the CADSES regions for the period 1961-2000. This most recent model version is currently still in a test phase. The simulation quality for this part of the entire simulation area is exemplarily analyzed by using a small but representative subset of model variables. Mean sea level pressure is chosen as an indicator for the behavior of the near-surface dynamics. Furthermore, the two regional variables 2 m temperature and precipitation are evaluated, which are of relevance for hydrological applications. For additional analyses to identify sources of uncertainty, we used soil moisture and cloudiness. Altogether, the accuracy of the simulation results can be judged as being in good agreement with the results of similar simulations by other regional climate models over Europe. Area-averaged monthly mean 2 m temperatures during winter show a cold bias of about -2 K. The simulated mean sea level pressure is with a bias of about 2 hPa slightly too high compared to the used reference data set. Although cloud cover evaluation hints at insufficiencies in the corresponding parameterization, further analyses are required to unambiguously identify the causes for this cold bias. During summer, higher 2 m temperatures linked to reduced precipitation are identified in nearly identical regions over southern and southeastern Europe. Further analyses of soil moisture evolution and cloud cover give evidence for a source of uncertainty in the surface hydrological scheme. Altogether, the detected differences do not exceed the typical ranges of uncertainty in comparable regional climate simulations over Europe. For input in hydrological applications, however, the uncertainties produced by the CCLM simulation described here have to be reduced in the medium term.}, language = {en} } @misc{FeldmannFruehSchaedleretal., author = {Feldmann, Hendrik and Fr{\"u}h, Barbara and Sch{\"a}dler, Gerd and Panitz, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Keuler, Klaus and Jacob, Daniela and Lorenz, Peter}, title = {Evaluation of the precipitation for south-western Germany from high resolution simulations with regional climate models}, series = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {17}, journal = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, number = {4}, issn = {1610-1227}, doi = {10.1127/0941-2948/2008/0295}, pages = {455 -- 465}, language = {en} } @misc{WalterKeulerBlocketal., author = {Walter, Andreas and Keuler, Klaus and Block, Alexander and Knoche, Richard and Block, Alexander and Kotlarski, Sven and M{\"u}ller-Westermeier, Gerhard and Rechid, Diana and Ahrens, Wilfried}, title = {A high resolution reference data set of german wind velocity 1951-2001 and comparison with regional climate model results}, series = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {15}, journal = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, number = {6}, issn = {1610-1227}, doi = {10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0162}, pages = {585 -- 596}, language = {en} } @misc{BoehmKueckenAhrensetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Uwe and K{\"u}cken, Martin and Ahrens, Wilfried and Block, Alexander and Hauffe, Detlef and Keuler, Klaus and Rockel, Burkhardt and Will, Andreas}, title = {The Climate Version of LM: Brief Description and Long-Term Applications}, series = {COSMO Newsletter}, journal = {COSMO Newsletter}, number = {6}, pages = {225 -- 235}, language = {en} } @misc{KotlarskiBlockBoehmetal., author = {Kotlarski, Sven and Block, Alexander and B{\"o}hm, Ursula and Jacob, Daniela and Keuler, Klaus and Knoche, Richard and Rechid, Diana and Walter, Artur}, title = {Regional Climate Model Simulations as Input for Hydrological Applications: Evaluation of Uncertainties}, series = {Advances in Geoscience}, journal = {Advances in Geoscience}, number = {5}, doi = {10.5194/adgeo-5-119-2005}, pages = {119 -- 125}, language = {en} } @misc{VautardGobietKeuler, author = {Vautard, Robert and Gobiet, Andreas and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {The simulation of European heat waves from an ensemble of regional climate models within the EURO-CORDEX project}, series = {Climate Dynamics}, volume = {41}, journal = {Climate Dynamics}, number = {9-10}, issn = {1432-0894}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-013-1714-z}, pages = {2555 -- 2575}, language = {en} } @misc{GeorgievskiKeulerWilletal., author = {Georgievski, Goran and Keuler, Klaus and Will, Andreas and Radtke, Kai}, title = {Evaluation of Central European and Eastern Alpine seasonal climate simulated with CCLM: double nesting vs. direct forcing techniques}, series = {COSMO Newsletter}, journal = {COSMO Newsletter}, number = {11}, pages = {133 -- 142}, language = {en} } @misc{FruehFeldmannPanitzetal., author = {Fr{\"u}h, Barbara and Feldmann, Hendrik and Panitz, Hans-J{\"u}rgen and Sch{\"a}dler, Gerd and Jacob, Daniela and Lorenz, Peter and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {Determination of precipitation return values in complex terrain and their evaluation}, series = {Journal of Climate}, volume = {23}, journal = {Journal of Climate}, number = {9}, issn = {1520-0442}, doi = {10.1175/2009JCLI2685.1}, pages = {2257 -- 2274}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KeulerBlock, author = {Keuler, Klaus and Block, Alexander}, title = {High resolution climate change simulation for Central Europe}, series = {Extended abstracts of a WMO/WCRP-sponsored Regional-Scale Climate Modelling Workshop, high-resolution climate modelling, assessment, added value and applications, Lund, Sweden, 29 March-2 April 2004}, booktitle = {Extended abstracts of a WMO/WCRP-sponsored Regional-Scale Climate Modelling Workshop, high-resolution climate modelling, assessment, added value and applications, Lund, Sweden, 29 March-2 April 2004}, editor = {B{\"a}rring, Lars and Laprise, Rene}, publisher = {Lund University}, address = {Lund, Sweden}, pages = {106 -- 107}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KeulerBlockSchaller, author = {Keuler, Klaus and Block, Alexander and Schaller, Eberhard}, title = {Assessment of quality and uncertainty in regional climate simulations}, series = {Extended abstracts of a WMO/WCRP-sponsored Regional-Scale Climate Modelling Workshop, high-resolution climate modelling, assessment, added value and applications, Lund, Sweden, 29 March-2 April 2004}, booktitle = {Extended abstracts of a WMO/WCRP-sponsored Regional-Scale Climate Modelling Workshop, high-resolution climate modelling, assessment, added value and applications, Lund, Sweden, 29 March-2 April 2004}, editor = {B{\"a}rring, Lars and Laprise, Rene}, publisher = {Lund University}, address = {Lund, Sweden}, pages = {68 -- 69}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RadtkeKeuler, author = {Radtke, Kai S. and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {Climate change in Europe simulated by the regional climate model COSMO-CLM}, series = {2nd International Lund RCM Workshop : 21st Century Challenges in Regional-scale Climate Modelling, Lund University, Sweden, 4-8 May 2008, workshop proceedings}, booktitle = {2nd International Lund RCM Workshop : 21st Century Challenges in Regional-scale Climate Modelling, Lund University, Sweden, 4-8 May 2008, workshop proceedings}, editor = {Rockel, Burkhardt and B{\"a}rring, Lars and Reckermann, Marcus}, publisher = {International BALTEX Secretariat}, address = {GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht}, pages = {56 -- 57}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KeulerRadtkeSchaller, author = {Keuler, Klaus and Radtke, Kai S. and Schaller, Eberhard}, title = {Effect of internal variability on regional climate change projections}, series = {2nd International Lund RCM Workshop : 21st Century Challenges in Regional-scale Climate Modelling, Lund University, Sweden, 4-8 May 2008, workshop proceedings}, booktitle = {2nd International Lund RCM Workshop : 21st Century Challenges in Regional-scale Climate Modelling, Lund University, Sweden, 4-8 May 2008, workshop proceedings}, editor = {Rockel, Burkhardt and B{\"a}rring, Lars and Reckermann, Marcus}, publisher = {International BALTEX Secretariat}, address = {GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht}, pages = {132 -- 133}, language = {en} } @misc{MohrKunzKeuler, author = {Mohr, Susanna and Kunz, Michael and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {Development and application of a logistic model to estimate the past and future hail potential in Germany}, series = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, volume = {120}, journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres}, number = {9}, issn = {2169-8996}, doi = {10.1002/2014JD022959}, pages = {3939 -- 3956}, abstract = {This study investigates to what extent the frequency of hail events in the summer months has changed during the past decades and which changes are expected to occur in the future. To improve the diagnostics of hail events by considering various factors relevant for the formation of hail, a logistic hail model has been developed by means of a multivariate analysis method. This statistical model is based on a combination of appropriate meteorological parameters (convective parameter, moisture content, etc.) and synoptic weather types. The output of the model is a new index that estimates the potential of the atmosphere for hailstorm development, referred to as potential hail index. Validations with independent data sets confirm the reliability of the model results. For Germany, the logistic hail model applied to reanalysis data over the past decades shows a markedly north-to-south gradient with most of the potential hail days occurring in the south. Applied to an ensemble of seven regional climate model simulations, it is found that the potential for hail events will increase in the future (2021-2050) compared to the past (1971-2000), but only statistically significant in the northwest and south of Germany.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BrueckPohleKeuleretal., author = {Br{\"u}ck, Yasemine and Pohle, Ina and Keuler, Klaus and Schaller, Eberhard and Hinz, Christoph}, title = {Do mining lakes in the Lusatian Lignite mining region (Eastern Germany) affect regional precipitation patterns?}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Due to the flooding of former open-pit mines, Europe's largest artificial lake district is created in Eastern Germany. Between 1990 and 2006 more than 80 km² of new lakes have already been formed. These large-scale land cover changes may impact regional meteorological characteristics, therefore it is of interest, whether effects of the mining lakes can already be observed. We especially focus on whether the evaporation from the mining pit lakes leads to a higher precipitation on their lee side. To detect changes in the precipitation patterns, we analysed daily precipitation data (1980-2014) of 25 stations in an area of 10 000 km² widely around the lake district. Under the assumption that the influences of the lakes should be detectable either directly as trends in the observed data or as a deviation from a general measure for precipitation we combined statistical tests and principal component analysis (PCA). We applied pre-whitening Mann-Kendall tests to detect precipitation trends and Mann-Whitney tests to detect differences between split samples (before and after the flooding of most of the lakes). The PCA was applied based on the correlation matrix of daily precipitation at the different stations. As the daily precipitation can sufficiently be explained by the first five principal components, the recombination of these five principal components was used as a general measure of precipitation in the region. By regression trees (random forests) a relation between the eigenvectors of the first five principal components and physiogeographic characteristics of the stations (e.g. altitude) was shown. Both the observed data and the deviations between the measurements and the recombination of the first five principal components showed divergent trends with high spatial variability and also interannual variability, but a pattern consistent with the lee side of the lake could not be detected. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that the emerging lakes had no influence on the daily precipitation at the stations considered in this study. This may be explained by the coarse spatial and also temporal resolution of precipitation measurements. Still, the approach presented here can be applied to (i) detect changes in the spatial pattern of climate variables by a combination of statistical tests and PCA and (ii) to analyse the relationships between such changes and physiogeographic characteristics by regression trees.}, language = {en} } @misc{MaciasGarcia‑GorrizDosioetal., author = {Macias, Diego and Garcia‑Gorriz, Elisa and Dosio, Alessandro and Stips, Adolf and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {Obtaining the correct sea surface temperature: Bias correction of regional climate model data for the Mediterranean Sea}, series = {Climate Dynamics}, volume = {51}, journal = {Climate Dynamics}, number = {3}, issn = {0930-7575}, doi = {10.1007/s00382-016-3049-z}, pages = {1095 -- 1117}, abstract = {Here, the COSMO Climate Limited-area Modelling (CCLM) regional climate model (RCM) is used as external forcing for a Mediterranean basin-scale ocean model based on the general estuarine transport model (GETM). CCLM is forced by different global climate models (GCMs) (MPI and EcEarth) and by the ERA-interim (ERAin) reanalysis. Sea surface temperatures (SST) simulated by the different runs of the ocean model are compared with satellite measurements. As a substantial cold bias in simulated SST is found, a simple bias-correction methodology is applied to the RCM atmospheric variables, namely (1) air temperature (which is usually underestimated for the region by RCMs runs), (2) cloud cover (typically overestimated) and (3) wind intensity (as zonal wind intensity is usually overestimated). The performed analysis identifies wind velocity as the most important variable to correct in order to satisfactorily obtain Mediterranean SST. For many of the RCM realizations significant improvement in the simulated SST are only achieved when wind intensity values were bias-corrected towards observed values. Air temperature and cloud cover had a more marginal importance in reducing the SST bias observed in RCM-forced runs of the ocean model. By comparing the ERAin-driven run and the GCMs driven runs, our analyses suggest that the main source of observed bias is related with the GCMs being used as lateral boundary condition for the RCM realizations. However, a relative simple bias-correction methodology is sufficient to reduce a large part of the induced bias in SST and to improve the vertical water stratification characteristics within the Mediterranean basin that will allow to analyze current and future biogeochemical conditions of the studied basin.}, language = {en} } @misc{KeulerRadtkeKotlarskietal., author = {Keuler, Klaus and Radtke, Kai and Kotlarski, Sven and L{\"u}thi, Daniel}, title = {Regional climate change over Europe in COSMO-CLM: Influence of emission scenario and driving global model}, series = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, volume = {25}, journal = {Meteorologische Zeitschrift}, number = {2}, issn = {0941-2948}, doi = {10.1127/metz/2016/0662}, pages = {121 -- 136}, abstract = {The variability of climate change over Europe is analyzed in a new ensemble of eight high-resolution scenario simulations with the dynamically nested regional climate model COSMO-CLM. The simulations are a contribution of the CLM-Community to EURO-CORDEX - the European branch of the international CORDEX initiative. The study documents the influence of two emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and four driving global climate models (MPI-ESM-LR, HadGEM2-ES, CNRM-CM5, EC-EARTH) on the climate change signal of seasonal near-surface air temperature, seasonal precipitation amount and daily precipitation intensity in eight different regions of Europe. Both temperature and precipitation changes show comparable spatial patterns across the ensemble. The warming magnitude, however, strongly depends on the emission scenario and the driving GCM. The analysis demonstrates that the influence of the driving GCM on the temperature change signal can be of comparable magnitude as the influence of the emission scenario. For seasonal precipitation changes the influence of the driving GCM is even more important. All ensemble members show a consistent increase in the frequency of days with intense precipitation while the total number of precipitation days decreases. A further aspect is the comparison between the climate change signals in the regional and the driving global simulations. A critical intensity class is used to quantify the transition from decreasing to increasing precipitation frequencies. The analysis reveals that the variability of frequency changes is smaller in the regional than in the global model ensemble, which can be interpreted as an improved robustness and a possible added value of the regional projections. It is also shown that the regional simulations tend to reduce the seasonal mean temperature change of the driving global simulation. In some seasons and regions the damping of the warming signal can amount to more than 2K. Overall, the analysis reveals a strong influence of comparable magnitude of the choice of the emission scenario and the driving global model on regional climate change signals, and stresses the necessity of a large regional model ensemble for a reliable and robust assessment of regional climate change.}, language = {en} } @misc{KotlarskiSzaboHerreraetal., author = {Kotlarski, Sven and Szabo, Peter and Herrera, Sixto and R{\"a}ty, Olle and Keuler, Klaus and Soares, Pedro and Cardoso, Rita M. and Bosshard, Thomas and Pag{\´e}, Christian and Boberg, Fredrik and Guti{\´e}rrez, Jos{\´e} and Isotta, Francesco and Jaczewski, Adam and Kreienkamp, Frank and Liniger, Mark and Lussana, Cristian and Pianko-Kluczyńska, Krystyna}, title = {Observational uncertainty and regional climate model evaluation: A pan-European perspective}, series = {International journal of climatology}, volume = {39}, journal = {International journal of climatology}, number = {9}, issn = {1097-0088}, doi = {10.1002/joc.5249}, pages = {3730 -- 3749}, language = {en} } @misc{HuebenerHoffmannKeuleretal., author = {H{\"u}bener, Heike and Hoffmann, Peter and Keuler, Klaus and Pfeifer, Susanne and Ramthun, Hans and Spekat, Arne and Steger, Christian and Warrach-Sagi, Kirsten}, title = {Deriving user-informed climate information from climate model ensemble results}, series = {Advances in Science and Research}, volume = {14}, journal = {Advances in Science and Research}, issn = {1992-0628}, doi = {10.5194/asr-14-261-2017}, pages = {261 -- 269}, language = {en} } @misc{KnocheKeuler, author = {Knoche, Richard and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {Dynamische Regionalisierung}, series = {Promet : meteorologische Fortbildung}, journal = {Promet : meteorologische Fortbildung}, number = {99}, issn = {0340-4552}, pages = {29 -- 40}, language = {de} } @techreport{HuebenerBuelowFookenetal., author = {H{\"u}bener, Heike and B{\"u}low, Katharina and Fooken, Cornelia and Fr{\"u}h, Barbara and Hoffmann, Peter and H{\"o}pp, Simona and Keuler, Klaus and Menz, Christoph and Mohr, Viktoria and Radtke, Kai and Woldt, Michael}, title = {ReKliEs-De Ergebnisbericht}, publisher = {Eigenverlag des Hessischen Landesamtes HLNUG}, address = {Wiesbaden}, pages = {56}, language = {de} } @misc{KjellstroemNikulinStrandbergetal., author = {Kjellstr{\"o}m, Erik and Nikulin, Grigory and Strandberg, Gustav and B{\o}ssing Christensen, Ole and Jacob, Daniela and Keuler, Klaus and Lenderink, Geert and Meijgaard, Erik van and Sch{\"a}r, Christoph and Somot, Samuel}, title = {European climate change at global mean temperature increases of 1.5 and 2°C above pre-industrial conditions as simulated by the EURO-CORDEX regional climate models}, series = {Earth System Dynamics}, journal = {Earth System Dynamics}, number = {9}, issn = {2190-4987}, doi = {10.5194/esd-9-459-2018}, pages = {459 -- 478}, language = {en} } @techreport{HuebenerSpekatBuelowetal., author = {H{\"u}bener, Heike and Spekat, Arne and B{\"u}low, Katharina and Fr{\"u}h, Barbara and Keuler, Klaus and Menz, Christoph and Radtke, Kai and Ramthun, Hans}, title = {ReKliEs-De Nutzerhandbuch}, publisher = {World Data Center for Climate (WDCC) at DKRZ}, address = {Hamburg}, doi = {10.2312/WDCC/ReKliEsDe_Nutzerhandbuch}, pages = {II, 86, XIV}, language = {de} } @misc{VautardKadygrovIlesetal., author = {Vautard, Robert and Kadygrov, Nikolay and Iles, Carley and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {Evaluation of the large EURO-CORDEX regional climate model ensemble}, series = {J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.}, journal = {J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.}, issn = {2169-8996}, doi = {10.1029/2019JD032344}, pages = {47}, abstract = {The use of regional climate model-based projections for providing regional climate information in a research and climate service contexts is currently expanding very fast. This has been possible thanks to a considerable effort in developing comprehensive ensembles of regional climate model (RCM) projections, especially for Europe, in the EURO-CORDEX community (Jacob et al., 2014; Jacob et al., 2020). Currently, EURO-CORDEX has developed a set of 55 historical and scenario projections (RCP8.5) using 8 driving global climate models (GCMs) and 11 RCMs. This article presents the ensemble including its design. We target the analysis to better characterize the quality of the regional climate models by providing an evaluation of these RCM simulations over a number of classical climate variables and extreme and impact-oriented indices for the period 1981-2010. For the main variables, the model simulations generally agree with observations and reanalyses. However, several systematic biases are found as well, with shared responsibilities among RCMs and GCMs: simulations are overall too cold, too wet and too windy compared to available observations or reanalyses. Some simulations show strong systematic biases on temperature, others on precipitation or dynamical variables but none of the models/simulations can be defined as the best or the worst on all criteria. The article aims at supporting a proper use of these simulations within a climate services context.}, language = {en} } @misc{BuelowHuebenerKeuleretal., author = {B{\"u}low, Katharina and H{\"u}bener, Heike and Keuler, Klaus and Menz, Christoph and Pfeifer, Susanne and Ramthun, Hans and Spekat, Arne and Steger, Christian and Teichmann, Claas and Warrach-Sagi, Kirsten}, title = {User tailored results of a regional climate model ensemble to plan adaption to the changing climate in Germany}, series = {Advances in Science and Research}, volume = {16}, journal = {Advances in Science and Research}, issn = {1992-0636}, doi = {10.5194/asr-16-241-2019}, pages = {241 -- 249}, abstract = {In the German regional climate modeling project ReKliEs-De the existing EURO-CORDEX simulations have been systematically complemented by new simulations to derive more robust ranges of possible future climate change. The focus of the project lay on user tailored results, which are required for the planning of measures to adapt to the changing climate. Changes in temperature and precipitation indices are calculated from a multi model ensemble for the end of the 21st century. The results for the mitigation scenario RCP2.6 are compared to the results of the "business as usual" scenario RCP8.5. Averaged over Germany the increase of mean annual temperature and of the number of summer days will be around 3 times higher for RCP8.5 than for RCP2.6. In summer, the increase of dry days could be twice as high in RCP8.5 compared to RCP2.6.}, language = {en} } @misc{VanderkelenZscheischlerGudmundssonetal., author = {Vanderkelen, Inne and Zscheischler, Jakob and Gudmundsson, Lukas and Keuler, Klaus and Rineau, Francois and Neenaerts, Natalie and Vangronsveld, Jaco and Vicca, Sara and Thiery, Wim}, title = {A novel method for assessing climate change impacts in ecotron experiments}, series = {International Journal of Biometeorology}, volume = {64}, journal = {International Journal of Biometeorology}, number = {10}, issn = {0020-7128}, doi = {10.1007/s00484-020-01951-8}, pages = {1709 -- 1727}, abstract = {Ecotron facilities allow accurate control of many environmental variables coupled with extensive monitoring of ecosystem processes. They therefore require multivariate perturbation of climate variables, close to what is observed in the field and projections for the future. Here, we present a new method for creating realistic climate forcing for manipulation experiments and apply it to the UHasselt Ecotron experiment. The new methodology uses data derived from the best available regional climate model projection and consists of generating climate forcing along a gradient representative of increasingly high global mean air temperature anomalies. We first identified the best-performing regional climate model simulation for the ecotron site from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment in the European domain (EURO-CORDEX) ensemble based on two criteria: (i) highest skill compared to observations from a nearby weather station and (ii) representativeness of the multi-model mean in future projections. The time window is subsequently selected from the model projection for each ecotron unit based on the global mean air temperature of the driving global climate model. The ecotron units are forced with 3-hourly output from the projections of the 5-year period in which the global mean air temperature crosses the predefined values. With the new approach, Ecotron facilities become able to assess ecosystem responses on changing climatic conditions, while accounting for the co-variation between climatic variables and their projection in variability, well representing possible compound events. The presented methodology can also be applied to other manipulation experiments, aiming at investigating ecosystem responses to realistic future climate change.}, language = {en} } @misc{JacobTeichmannKeuler, author = {Jacob, Daniela and Teichmann, Claas and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {Regional climate downscaling over Europe: perspectives from the EURO-CORDEX community}, series = {Regional Environmental Change}, volume = {20}, journal = {Regional Environmental Change}, issn = {1436-378X}, doi = {10.1007/s10113-020-01606-9}, pages = {20}, abstract = {The European CORDEX (EURO-CORDEX) initiative is a large voluntary effort that seeks to advance regional climate and Earth system science in Europe. As part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) - Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), it shares the broader goals of providing a model evaluation and climate projection framework and improving communication with both the General Circulation Model (GCM) and climate data user communities. EURO-CORDEX oversees the design and coordination of ongoing ensembles of regional climate projections of unprecedented size and resolution (0.11° EUR-11 and 0.44° EUR-44 domains). Additionally, the inclusion of empirical-statistical downscaling allows investigation of much larger multi-model ensembles. These complementary approaches provide a foundation for scientific studies within the climate research community and others. The value of the EURO-CORDEX ensemble is shown via numerous peer-reviewed studies and its use in the development of climate services. Evaluations of the EUR-44 and EUR-11 ensembles also show the benefits of higher resolution. However, significant challenges remain. To further advance scientific understanding, two flagship pilot studies (FPS) were initiated. The first investigates local-regional phenomena at convection-permitting scales over central Europe and the Mediterranean in collaboration with the Med-CORDEX community. The second investigates the impacts of land cover changes on European climate across spatial and temporal scales. Over the coming years, the EURO-CORDEX community looks forward to closer collaboration with other communities, new advances, supporting international initiatives such as the IPCC reports, and continuing to provide the basis for research on regional climate impacts and adaptation in Europe.}, language = {en} } @misc{BlockKeulerSchaller, author = {Block, Alexander and Keuler, Klaus and Schaller, Eberhard}, title = {Impacts of anthropogenic heat on regional climate patterns}, series = {Geophysical Research Letters}, volume = {31}, journal = {Geophysical Research Letters}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1029/2004GL019852}, pages = {4}, abstract = {[1] Four different simulations of a winter period in Central Europe are carried out to investigate the principle effect of anthropogenic heat release from the highly industrialized and populated Ruhrarea region (Germany) on regional climate conditions. The results reveal a permanent warming due to anthropogenic heat emissions over affected areas ranging from 0.15 K over land area with an additional 2 W m-2 anthropogenic heat flux up to 0.5 K over the Ruhrarea with additional 20 W m-2 anthropogenic heat flux. The temperature effects induced by anthropogenic heat not only depend on the amount of added heat but also on orographical factors. No significant variations are found for precipitation.}, language = {en} } @misc{BoehmKueckenHauffeetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Uwe and K{\"u}cken, Martin and Hauffe, Detlef and Gerstengarbe, F.-W. and Werner, P. C. and Flechsig, Michael and Keuler, Klaus and Block, Alexander and Ahrens, Wilfried and Nocke, Th.}, title = {Reliability of regional climate model simulations of extremes and of long-term climate}, series = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences}, volume = {4}, journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences}, number = {3}, doi = {10.5194/nhess-4-417-2004}, pages = {417 -- 431}, abstract = {We present two case studies that demonstrate how a common evaluation methodology can be used to assess the reliability of regional climate model simulations from different fields of research. In Case I, we focused on the agricultural yield loss risk for maize in Northeastern Brazil during a drought linked to an El-Ni{\~n}o event. In Case II, the present-day regional climatic conditions in Europe for a 10-year period are simulated. To comprehensively evaluate the model results for both kinds of investigations, we developed a general methodology. On its basis, we elaborated and implemented modules to assess the quality of model results using both advanced visualization techniques and statistical algorithms. Besides univariate approaches for individual near-surface parameters, we used multivariate statistics to investigate multiple near-surface parameters of interest together. For the latter case, we defined generalized quality measures to quantify the model's accuracy. Furthermore, we elaborated a diagnosis tool applicable for atmospheric variables to assess the model's accuracy in representing the physical processes above the surface under various aspects. By means of this evaluation approach, it could be demonstrated in Case Study I that the accuracy of the applied regional climate model resides at the same level as that we found for another regional model and a global model. Excessive precipitation during the rainy season in coastal regions could be identified as a major contribution leading to this result. In Case Study II, we also identified the accuracy of the investigated mean characteristics for near-surface temperature and precipitation to be comparable to another regional model. In this case, an artificial modulation of the used initial and boundary data during preprocessing could be identified as the major source of error in the simulation. Altogether, the achieved results for the presented investigations indicate the potential of our methodology to be applied as a common test bed to different fields of research in regional climate modeling.}, language = {en} } @techreport{HollwegBoehmFastetal., author = {Hollweg, Heinz-Dieter and B{\"o}hm, Uwe and Fast, Irina and Hennemuth, Barbara and Keuler, Klaus and Keup-Thiel, Elke and Lautenschlager, Michael and Legutke, Stephanie and Radtke, Kai and Rockel, Burkhardt and Schubert, Martina and Will, Andreas and Woldt, Michael and Wunram, Claudia}, title = {Ensemble Simulations over Europe with the Regional Climate Model CLM forced with IPCC AR4 Global Scenarios}, publisher = {Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Meteorologie}, address = {Hamburg}, doi = {10.2312/WDCC/MaD_TeReport_No03}, pages = {152}, abstract = {Regional climate projections have been performed for Europe with the climate version CLM (version 3.1) of the 'Lokal-Modell' (LM) of the German Meteorological Service. CLM has been forced with output of the ECHAM5/MPIOM global climate model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, which contributed to the fourth climate assessment report (AR4) of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The results of the global model for the IPCC A1B and B1 scenarios as well as the reconstruction of the last four decades of the 20th century (20C3M) for the AR4 are dynamically scaled down to the CLM grid cell size of about 18×18 km2. Climatological parameters including all model variables and additional quantities characterising the climate are available from the World Data Centre for Climate database run by the German climate service group Model and Data. They can be accessed by the general public at no costs with the help of M and D. In particular, the 'Service Group Adaptation' (SGA) has been established at M and D to assist adaptation projects funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) giving advice on the interpretation of the CLM model results.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KreienkampKeuler, author = {Kreienkamp, Frank and Keuler, Klaus}, title = {Umgang mit der Unsicherheit regionaler Klimaprojektionen - Bias-Korrekturen: Pro und Kontra}, series = {Regionale Klimamodelle - Potentiale, Grenzen und Perspektiven}, journal = {Regionale Klimamodelle - Potentiale, Grenzen und Perspektiven}, publisher = {Nationales Komitee f{\"u}r Global Change Forschung c/o Institut f{\"u}r Weltwirtschaft}, address = {Kiel}, isbn = {978-3-9813068-1-1}, pages = {2}, language = {de} } @techreport{WillKeulerBlock, author = {Will, Andreas and Keuler, Klaus and Block, Alexander}, title = {The Climate Local Model - Evaluation Results and Recent Developments}, number = {8}, publisher = {TerraFLOPS}, pages = {2 -- 3}, abstract = {A successful and overall evaluation of the CLM was a prerequisite for conduction of the consortial runs, which will be the data basis of the BMBF research program "Research for the climate protection and protection from climate impact". We present selected results showing the quality of the model and discuss open questions in regional climate modelling, which may be further addressed using the results of the consortial runs.}, language = {en} } @techreport{BoehmKueckenAhrensetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Uwe and K{\"u}cken, Martin and Ahrens, Wilfried and Block, Alexander and Hauffe, Detlef and Keuler, Klaus and Rockel, Burkhardt and Will, Andreas}, title = {CLM - The Climate Version of LM: Brief Description and Long-Term Applications}, publisher = {COSMO Newsletter}, address = {Offenbach, Germany}, pages = {11}, language = {en} } @techreport{KeulerBlockAhrensetal., author = {Keuler, Klaus and Block, Alexander and Ahrens, Wilfried and Jacob, Daniela and Rechid, Diana and Kotova, Lola and Kotlarski, Sven and Heimann, Dietrich and Zemsch, Maria and Knoche, Richard and Dittmann, Ernst and Walter, Andreas and Berger, Franz and Sommer, Michael}, title = {Quantifizierung von Ungenauigkeiten regionaler Klima- und Klima{\"a}nderungssimulationen (QUIRCS). Zusammenfassung der wesentlichen Ergebnisse eines Projektes des deutschen Klimaforschungsprogramms DEKLIM}, pages = {153}, abstract = {Das Projekt QUIRCS ("Quantification of Uncertainties in Regional Climate and Climate-Change Simulations") ist eines von insgesamt37Verbundforschungsprojekten, die im Rahmen des Deutschen Klimaforschungsprogramms DEKLIM vom BMBF als Beitrag zum Teilbereich „Klima-forschung und Vorhersagbarkeit" gef{\"o}rdert worden sind [DEKLIM, 2005]. Unter der Koordination des Lehrstuhls Umweltmeteorologie der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t (BTU) Cottbus waren 6 Institutionen mit insgesamt 13 Mitarbeitern {\"u}ber 4 Jahre an der Durchf{\"u}hrung des Projektes beteiligt. Der vorliegende Bericht gibt einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die verschiedenen Aufgabenstellungen und fasst die wesentlichen Ergebnisse des Projektes zusammen.}, language = {de} } @techreport{KeulerBlockAhrensetal., author = {Keuler, Klaus and Block, Alexander and Ahrens, Wilfried and Jacob, Daniela and Rechid, Diana and Kotova, Lola and Kotlarski, Sven and Heimann, Dietrich and Zemsch, Maria and Knoche, Richard and Dittmann, Ernst and Walter, Andreas and Berger, Franz and Sommer, Michael}, title = {QUIRCS: Quantification of uncertainties in regional climate and climate change simulations. German Climate Research Programme (2001-2006), Final Symposium 2005}, publisher = {DLR}, address = {Bonn}, pages = {9}, abstract = {The comparison of multi model runs of the reference period 1979-1993 with different observational data sets for several climate parameters enables the quantification of the model uncertainties in representing present-day climate conditions for Central Europe. The quantification is based on a number of objective distance measures which detect differences in the spatial and temporal structures of the data sets being compared. Additional climate change simulations of two 30-year periods (control and scenario simulation) are performed for the SRES B2 global change scenario. They indicate a severe warming for Germany with values of up to 4 K in summer which is much higher than the quantified uncertainty range of the regional models for this climate parameter. For precipitation in Germany, a weak reduction during the summer months is overcompensated by an increase in winter and fall. However, the simulated changes are smaller than the quantified uncertainty range for the regional models so that in particular a significant reduction of the annual precipitation in Germany cannot be stated on basis of the current simulations for the B2 scenario. Aim of the research in the context of DEKLIM A reliable assessment of possible future climate developments requires an improved understanding of climate and its variability as well as a detailed knowledge of the uncertainties of climate simulations which provide the requested information about the potential degree of future changes. The project QUIRCS focuses on the climate patterns of Central Europe and investigates the quality of currently used regional climate models and regionalization techniques by a model inter-comparison, a substantial model evaluation, additional sensitivity studies and an extensive analysis of climate data. The major scientific aims are • to quantify the uncertainties of regional climate simulations and of observed climate data, • to provide a regional climate change scenario for Europe with a particular focus on Germany, • to assess the reliability of the produced climate change signals with respect to the Collapse.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KeulerKnocheJacob, author = {Keuler, Klaus and Knoche, Hans-Richard and Jacob, Daniela}, title = {M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen regionaler Klimamodelle}, series = {Regionale Klimamodelle - Potentiale, Grenzen und Perspektiven}, journal = {Regionale Klimamodelle - Potentiale, Grenzen und Perspektiven}, publisher = {Nationales Komitee f{\"u}r Global Change Forschung c/o Institut f{\"u}r Weltwirtschaft}, address = {Kiel}, isbn = {978-3-9813068-1-1}, pages = {2}, language = {de} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerKeuleretal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Keuler, Klaus and Leins, Johannes A. and Radtke, Kai and Schulz, Bj{\"o}rn and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Modelling the cost-effective spatio-temporal allocation of conservation measures in agricultural landscapes facing}, publisher = {ZBW-Leibnitz Information Centre for Economics}, address = {Kiel ; Hamburg}, pages = {22}, abstract = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Jahrestagung des Vereins f{\"u}r Socialpolitik 2021: Climate Economics}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerKeuleretal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Keuler, Klaus and Leins, Johannes A. and Radtke, Kai and Schulz, Bj{\"o}rn and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Cost-effective conservation in the face of climate change: combining ecological-economic modelling and climate science for the cost-effective spatio-temporal allocation of conservation measures in agricultural landscapes}, series = {MPRA paper}, journal = {MPRA paper}, pages = {21}, language = {en} } @misc{DrechslerGerlingKeuleretal., author = {Drechsler, Martin and Gerling, Charlotte and Keuler, Klaus and Leins, Johannes A. and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {A quantitative approach for the design of robust and cost-effective conservation policies under uncertain climate change: The case of grasshopper conservation in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany}, series = {Journal of Environmental Management}, volume = {296}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, issn = {1095-8630}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113201}, pages = {7}, language = {en} } @misc{KuhnJenschFischeretal., author = {Kuhn, Ramona and Jensch, Robert and Fischer, Thomas and Keuler, Klaus and Bryant, Isaac Mbir and Martienssen, Marion}, title = {Sunlight Degradation of the Aminophosphonate Diethylenetriamine Penta-(Methylenephosphonic Acid)}, series = {Solar}, volume = {2}, journal = {Solar}, number = {2}, issn = {2673-9941}, doi = {10.3390/solar2020009}, pages = {141 -- 157}, abstract = {Aminophosphonate diethylenetriamine penta(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) is a scale inhibitor commonly used in several industries. DTPMP is suspected to cause anthropogenic pollution through discharge into the aquatic environment. DTPMP is assumed to be degraded by sunlight radiation. We recently predicted a preliminary degradation pathway of DTPMP applyingUV treatment. Currently, we have not yet evidenced that DTPMP shows the same degradation pattern with natural sunlight. One major reason leads to the fact that the light spectrum emitted by UV lamps does not completely represent the natural sunlight spectrum, and the emitted UVB and UVA irradiation flux is much higher than for solar light. For that reason, the degradation pattern and kinetics might be different between artificial UV treatment and natural sunlight treatment. Here, we investigated whether DTPMP is degradable under natural sunlight radiation, and whether the degradation mechanisms determined through UV treatment are transferable to sunlight. We investigated five different treatment conditions, i.e., DTPMP degradation in direct or diffuse sunlight, in diffuse sunlight with addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+, and in diffuse sunlight with local TW. Our experiment was carried out from March 2021 to October 2021. We performed LC/MS analyses and measured the release of o-PO4 3 . DTPMP was degraded with all five treatment conditions. The fastest DTPMP degradation occurred in direct and diffuse sunlight without addition of bivalent cations. The addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ resulted in inhibited degradation. Similar effects occurred for sunlight treatment with local TW. We evidenced different degradation mechanisms for DTPMP depending on the presence of alkaline earth metals as we previously proposed for UV-treated DTPMP. However, both degradation mechanisms of DTPMP belong to the same degradation pathway determined with UV treatment. Therefore, we conclude that DTPMP undergoes a similar degradation pathway in sunlight as compared to UV light.}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerKeuleretal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Keuler, Klaus and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Time to consider the timing of conservation measures: designing cost-effective agri-environment schemes under climate change}, series = {MPRA paper}, journal = {MPRA paper}, pages = {38}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingDrechslerKeuleretal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Drechsler, Martin and Keuler, Klaus and Leins, Johannes A. and Radtke, Kai and Schulz, Bj{\"o}rn and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank}, title = {Climate-ecological-economic modelling for the cost-effective spatiotemporal allocation of conservation measures in cultural landscapes facing climate change}, series = {Q Open}, volume = {2}, journal = {Q Open}, number = {1}, issn = {2633-9048}, doi = {10.1093/qopen/qoac004}, pages = {1 -- 20}, language = {en} } @misc{GerlingSturmWaetzoldetal., author = {Gerling, Charlotte and Sturm, Astrid and W{\"a}tzold, Frank and Keuler, Klaus and Radtke, Kai and Drechsler, Martin and Leins, Johannes A.}, title = {{\"O}konomie der Klimaanpassung zum Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt ; Postervorstellung : BfN Statuskonferenz "Biodiversit{\"a}t und Klimawandel - Synergien erforschen" in Berlin, 7.12.2023}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.16540.97923}, pages = {2}, language = {de} }