@misc{KarnapkeNolte, author = {Karnapke, Reinhardt and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Unidirectional Link Counter - a Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks with Many Unidirectional Links}, series = {14th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net 2015), Vilamoura, Portugal, 17 - 18 June 2015}, journal = {14th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net 2015), Vilamoura, Portugal, 17 - 18 June 2015}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway}, isbn = {978-1-4673-7306-7}, pages = {1 -- 7}, language = {en} } @misc{GraffKarnapke, author = {Graff, Daniel and Karnapke, Reinhardt}, title = {Managing Swarms of Robots: From Centralized Scheduling to Decentralized Scheduling (work in progress)}, series = {17. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze, 13./14. September 2018, Braunschweig}, journal = {17. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze, 13./14. September 2018, Braunschweig}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Braunschweig}, doi = {10.24355/dbbs.084-201809121401-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:084-2018110614244}, pages = {23 -- 26}, language = {en} } @misc{GraffKarnapke, author = {Graff, Daniel and Karnapke, Reinhardt}, title = {From Centralized Management of Robot Swarms to Decentralized Scheduling}, series = {2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence System (IOTAIS)}, journal = {2018 IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence System (IOTAIS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5386-7358-4}, doi = {10.1109/IOTAIS.2018.8600917}, pages = {141 -- 147}, language = {en} } @misc{KarnapkeWalther, author = {Karnapke, Reinhardt and Walther, Karsten}, title = {Realizing Seamless Integration of Sensors and Actuators into the IoT}, series = {Science and Technologies for Smart Cities : 7th EAI International Conference, SmartCity360°, Virtual Event, December 2-4, 2021, Proceedings}, journal = {Science and Technologies for Smart Cities : 7th EAI International Conference, SmartCity360°, Virtual Event, December 2-4, 2021, Proceedings}, editor = {Paiva, Sara}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-031-06370-1}, issn = {978-3-031-06371-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-06371-8_44}, pages = {688 -- 701}, language = {en} } @misc{BartnitzekKarnapkeFriedenbergeretal., author = {Bartnitzek, Jens and Karnapke, Reinhardt and Friedenberger, Dirk and Milius, Birgit and Naumann, Billy}, title = {Neue Ans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r Systeme zum Einsatz in Wachstumsregionen}, series = {Der Eisenbahningenieur : EI}, journal = {Der Eisenbahningenieur : EI}, number = {8}, issn = {0013-2810}, pages = {34 -- 37}, language = {de} } @misc{KarnapkeWalther, author = {Karnapke, Reinhardt and Walther, Karsten}, title = {Internet of Things and Real Internet of Things}, series = {20. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze (FGSN 2023)}, journal = {20. GI/ITG KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch Sensornetze (FGSN 2023)}, editor = {Piotrowski, Krzysztof}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-6637}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-66374}, pages = {2 -- 4}, abstract = {Sensor networks have come a long way since their first inception 30 years ago. In this paper we look at the results achieved and the areas that still need research from an industry perspective.}, language = {en} } @misc{ChatharajupalliRottaKarnapkeetal., author = {Chatharajupalli, Navya Sneha and Rotta, Randolf and Karnapke, Reinhardt and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Assessing the Feasibility of Combined BLE and Wi-Fi Communication for High Data Sensing Applications}, series = {EWSN '23: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks}, journal = {EWSN '23: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, doi = {10.5555/3639940.3639948}, pages = {56 -- 59}, abstract = {Advanced sensors generate more data than can be transmitted using classic battery-powered wireless sensor networks. While using Wi-Fi would provide plenty of throughput, the receivers are energy hungry and, thus, the radio time needs to be reduced. Previous research suggests to combine Wi-Fi with low-power technologies such as BLE for an energy efficient coordination of the Wi-Fi radios. Existing approaches focus on individual point-to-point routes whereas certain applications require concurrent transmissions. We evaluated the combination of BLE and Wi-Fi on the ESP32-S3 multi-radio microcontroller through detailed energy and throughput measurements. The results show that established BLE connections allow to activateWi-Fi quickly on-demand; the energy efficiency of the data transmission is significantly improved over previous works but the BLE connection setup is prohibitively slow. While the combination of BLE and Wi-Fi provides high throughput with good energy efficiency, careful design of the BLE-based signalling protocol is necessary to also achieve low latency.}, language = {en} } @misc{KarnapkeRichterWerner, author = {Karnapke, Reinhardt and Richter, Martin and Werner, Matthias}, title = {Virtualization in robot swarms: past, present, and future}, series = {2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications \& Networking Conference (CCNC)}, journal = {2024 IEEE 21st Consumer Communications \& Networking Conference (CCNC)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3503-0457-2}, doi = {10.1109/CCNC51664.2024.10454838}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {Robot swarms have come a long way since the first mobile sensor/actuator networks. Since then, we have seen the rise of operating systems for robots and swarm operating systems that ease the use of robots, and especially of large swarms of them, a lot. Still, the description of a task is often not easy and best done by experts. In this paper we envision future swarm operating systems, where task descriptions take a form which can be realized by non-experts. We describe our idea of hugely increased virtualization in the swarm and how this can be used to realize the aforementioned vision.}, language = {en} } @misc{RottaChatharajupalliNaumannetal., author = {Rotta, Randolf and Chatharajupalli, Navya Sneha and Naumann, Billy and Schulz, Julius and Karnapke, Reinhardt and Werner, Matthias and Nolte, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Demo: B.A.T.M.A.N. mesh routing on ultra low-power IEEE 802.11 modules}, series = {2024 IEEE 49th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)}, journal = {2024 IEEE 49th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)}, publisher = {IEEE}, isbn = {979-8-3503-8800-8}, issn = {2832-1421}, doi = {10.1109/LCN60385.2024.10639789}, pages = {4}, abstract = {When implementing multi-hop mesh network protocols, efficient direct communication, route discovery, and route repair are crucial to achieve high network throughput. To our knowledge, there is no open mesh routing protocol available for ultra low power IEEE 802.11 modules. Previous work relied on single board computers like Raspberry Pi. We implemented the B.A.T.M.A.N. mesh protocol on the popular Espressif ESP32 along with a novel hybrid rate adaptation for the selection of efficient routes. In this demo we showcase challenges and solutions related to the implementation on ESP32 and how the hybrid rate adaptation improves end-to-end throughput.}, language = {en} } @misc{RichterKarnapkeWerner, author = {Richter, Martin and Karnapke, Reinhardt and Werner, Matthias}, title = {Utilizing sensor and actuator virtualization to achieve a systemic view of mobile heterogeneous cyber-physical systems}, series = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications}, journal = {Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications}, isbn = {978-989-758-708-5}, doi = {10.5220/0012715800003758}, pages = {207 -- 214}, abstract = {When programming cyber-physical systems, application developers currently utilize physical sensors and actuators individually to achieve the desired observations and impacts within the physical world. This is an error-prone and complex task given the size, heterogeneity, and mobility of prevailing cyber-physical systems. We introduce an application model that allows the application developers to take a physical perspective. By means of this model, the programmers describe desired observations and influences with respect to the physical world without directly referencing physical devices. We present an additional model for a runtime environment that transparently utilizes the available physical devices to reach the application developers' targets. We show that an implementation of our models is functional via simulation.}, language = {en} }