@misc{KuepperRoeschWinkler, author = {K{\"u}pper, Christoph and R{\"o}sch, Janina J. and Winkler, Herwig}, title = {Empirical findings for the usage of 5G as a basis for real time locating systems (RTLS) in the automotive industry}, series = {Procedia CIRP}, volume = {107}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2022.05.146}, pages = {1287 -- 1292}, language = {en} } @misc{KuepperRoeschWinkler, author = {K{\"u}pper, Christoph and R{\"o}sch, Janina J. and Winkler, Herwig}, title = {Use of real time localization systems (RTLS) in the automotive production and the prospects of 5G - A literature review}, series = {Journal for Production \& Manufacturing}, volume = {10}, journal = {Journal for Production \& Manufacturing}, number = {1}, issn = {2169-3277}, doi = {10.1080/21693277.2022.2144522}, pages = {840 -- 874}, abstract = {Numerous challenges in automotive production lead to an increased need for transparency and optimization. Real-Time-Location-Systems (RTLS) is a key tool for achieving this goal. They enable intelligent and automated production processes. Existing solutions such as Ultra-Wideband, Bluetooth-Low-Energy, or Radio-Frequency-Identification have drawbacks in costs, range, or accuracy. 5G is a newly developing standard, recently including high-accuracy positioning. It is unclear, however, if 5G positioning has reached industrial maturity. This contribution aims to determine the state-of-the-art of 5G positioning by performing a systematic literature review and comparing its findings to industrial positioning requirements. 143 articles were analyzed and categorized as: the fundamentals of radio-frequency positioning, an overview of existing solutions, the state-of-the-art, and the maturity of 5G as an industrial positioning system. Results show that, theoretically, centimeter-level accuracies are pursued. However, practical tests are rarely conducted. Concluding, 5G positioning shows great potential, but industrial pilots are required to validate the theoretical characteristics.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kuepper, author = {K{\"u}pper, Christoph}, title = {Industrielle Anwendung des Mobilfunkstandards 5G als Real-Time-Localisation-System (RTLS) in der Automobilproduktion}, publisher = {Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-8325-5800-0}, pages = {319}, abstract = {Ortungsdienste und der Einsatz von Echtzeit-Lokalisierungssystemen (aus dem engl. "RTLS") sind in der Automobilproduktion essenzieller Bestandteil. Zu wissen, wo sich Fahrzeuge, Bauteile und Werkzeuge befinden, erm{\"o}glicht automatisierte, protokollierte und optimierte Prozesse in der gesamten Produktion. Die derzeitigen pr{\"a}zisen RTLS verwenden jedoch propriet{\"a}re und kostenintensive Technologien. 5G hingegen entwickelt sich von der Mobilfunkkommunikation hin zu einer industriellen L{\"o}sung und bezieht neuerdings auch die Ortung in seine Entwicklung mit ein. Ziel dieser Forschung ist es, die industrielle Reife der 5G-Ortung zu bestimmen. W{\"a}hrend Tests in kontrollierten Testumgebungen bereits durchgef{\"u}hrt wurden, fehlt eine Erprobung der theoretischen Eigenschaften in einer praxisorientierten Umgebung. Um die 5G-Ortungseigenschaften in komplexen und realit{\"a}tsnahen Szenarien zu validieren, werden industrielle Praxisversuche durchgef{\"u}hrt. Dazu werden eine Bestandsaufnahme erstellt, Ortungsanwendungsf{\"a}lle analysiert und anhand eines entwickelten Konzepts f{\"u}r die industrielle Anwendung durch eine 5G-Ortungsinstallation in der Automobilproduktion erprobt.}, language = {de} } @misc{KuepperRoeschPoradaetal., author = {K{\"u}pper, Christoph and R{\"o}sch, Janina and Porada, Andreas and Loidl, Karin and Seitz, Jochen and Winkler, Herwig}, title = {Use Case Driven Feasibility Study on the Technical Capabilities of 5G Indoor Positioning in the Automotive Production}, series = {13th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN-WiP 2023), September 25 - 28, 2023, Nuremberg, Germany}, journal = {13th International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN-WiP 2023), September 25 - 28, 2023, Nuremberg, Germany}, editor = {Kaiser, Susanna and Franke, Norbert and Mutschler, Christopher}, publisher = {RWTH}, address = {Aachen}, issn = {1613-0073}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0074-3581-3}, abstract = {The digitalization and automation of processes are essential for successful industrial production systems. Real-time positioning data is crucial for intelligent, automated, and quality-assured production. However, the lack of standardization in current real-time locating systems leads to high costs, inoperability, and limited multi-vendor availability. On the other hand, 5G technology offers in theory opportunities for high-accuracy positioning beyond mobile communication. Local 5G networks in industrial settings could leverage existing infrastructure for positioning. Although previous research demonstrates the theoretical capabilities of 5G positioning, practical trials cannot be performed due to hardware still being in early research developmental stages. This research aims to close the gap between research and industrial use by assessing the technical feasibility of 5G indoor positioning in an automotive production environment. To achieve this, use cases from research and industry are categorized into different scenarios based on distinct requirements. Representative use cases are analyzed considering system requirements and their feasibility. For this, first the overall concept of 5G positioning is tested in a research lab, followed by simulations of 5G positioning in an industrial environment. This is performed to determine the technical capability and expected accuracy. The simulations show that sub-meter accuracies can be achieved when combining 5G positioning with line� of-sight filtering. This study highlights the promising role of 5G as a real-time locating system in industrial settings. However, further research is needed to evaluate its accuracy and reliability in complex practical scenarios. Real industrial piloting will contribute to the validation and optimization of 5G positioning systems, facilitating widespread adoption across industries.}, language = {en} }