@misc{FischerHoffmannLoeffleretal., author = {Fischer, Stefanie and Hoffmann, Stephanie and L{\"o}ffler, Antje and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsanalyse zur {\"a}rztlichen Gesundheitsversorgung im l{\"a}ndlichen Raum}, series = {Das Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {80}, journal = {Das Gesundheitswesen}, number = {08/09}, issn = {1439-4421}, doi = {10.1055/s-0038-1667814}, pages = {S. 833}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Herausforderungen, wie die geringste Hausarztdichte Deutschlands und eine ung{\"u}nstige Altersstruktur beeinflussen die {\"a}rztliche Versorgung in strukturschwachen Regionen Brandenburgs. Das Forschungsprojekt DIGILOG untersucht im Rahmen des Gesundheitscampus Brandenburg die Zufriedenheit der {\"a}lteren Bev{\"o}lkerung mit dem Zugang zur Haus- und Facharztversorgung. Methoden: Anfang 2018 wurden per standardisiertem Fragebogen mit sowohl geschlossenen als auch offenen Fragen 3.006 zuf{\"a}llig ausgew{\"a}hlte 50 - 70-j{\"a}hrige Einwohner im Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz zu soziodemografischen Merkmalen sowie zur aktuellen und k{\"u}nftigen Haus- und Facharztversorgung befragt. Die Response betr{\"a}gt 17,5\% und ergibt eine Stichprobe mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 62 Jahren (51\% weiblich). Ergebnisse: Der Zugang gilt als zufriedenstellend (Hausarzt (HA) 93\%, Facharzt (FA) 87,8\%). Es werden k{\"u}nftig Berentung, mangelnde Nachfolge und lange Wartezeiten bef{\"u}rchtet. 84\% haben im letzten Jahr einen FA konsultiert (h{\"a}ufigste: Augenarzt (93 ×), Urologe, Orthop{\"a}de (je 74 ×). Der HA ist in rund x̃ = 4 km [0 - 64] und 10 Min. [0 - 90], der FA in x̃ = 15 km [0 - 338] und 20 Min. [0 - 338] {\"u}berwiegend mit dem Auto (HA 60,9\%; FA 77\%) erreichbar. Beim HA wird 59 Min. [0 - 180], beim FA 57 Min. [0 - 240] gewartet. Schlussfolgerungen: Obwohl derzeit der Zugang trotz offener Arztstellen insgesamt noch zufriedenstellend ist, drohen in naher Zukunft Versorgungsdefizite, zeitnah besonders in der fach{\"a}rztlichen Versorgung. Neue Versorgungskonzepte, wie Community Nurses oder digitale L{\"o}sungen, k{\"o}nnten diese z.T. auffangen und Wartezeiten bei akuten Beschwerden verk{\"u}rzen.}, language = {de} } @misc{HoffmannSpallek, author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Migration, Gesundheit und soziale Lage}, series = {Public Health Forum}, volume = {26}, journal = {Public Health Forum}, number = {4}, issn = {1876-4851}, doi = {10.1515/pubhef-2018-0107}, pages = {345 -- 348}, abstract = {Das Zusammenspiel zwischen Migration, Gesundheit und sozialer Lage ist durch verschiedene Wirkmechanismen gekennzeichnet. Die soziale Lage beeinflusst gesundheitliche Chancen und Risiken sowie die Migration selbst und tr{\"a}gt dazu bei, ob migrationsbedingte Einfl{\"u}sse auf die Gesundheit verst{\"a}rkt oder abgeschw{\"a}cht werden. Migration ist bedeutend f{\"u}r die Erkl{\"a}rung gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit, obgleich Verzerrungen und Messartefakte bei Interpretationen ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden m{\"u}ssen.}, language = {de} } @incollection{HerzbergAlheitHoffmannetal., author = {Herzberg, Heidrun and Alheit, Peter and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Ricker, Kirsten and Stroobants, Veerle}, title = {The ‚Strangeness' of Public Spaces in Anogia. An Ethnomethodological Approach}, series = {Education, Modernisation and Peripheral Community}, booktitle = {Education, Modernisation and Peripheral Community}, editor = {Papaioannou, Skevos and Alheit, Peter and Olesen, Henning Salling}, publisher = {RUC}, address = {Roskilde}, isbn = {87-7349-409-7}, pages = {227 -- 238}, language = {en} } @misc{LoefflerHoffmannFischeretal., author = {L{\"o}ffler, Antje and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Fischer, Stefanie and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Ambulante Haus- und Facharztversorgung im l{\"a}ndlichen Raum in Deutschland - Wie stellt sich die Versorgungssituation aus Sicht {\"a}lterer Einwohner im Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz dar?}, series = {Das Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {83 (2021)}, journal = {Das Gesundheitswesen}, number = {1}, issn = {0941-3790}, doi = {10.1055/a-1010-6277}, pages = {47 -- 52}, abstract = {Ziel der Studie: Die medizinische Versorgung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist von Verteilungsproblemen gepr{\"a}gt. Vor allem in l{\"a}ndlichen Regionen droht Unterversorgung. In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, wie {\"a}ltere Bewohner des Landkreises Oberspreewald-Lausitz (OSL) des Bundeslandes Brandenburg ihre derzeitige medizinische Versorgungssituation einsch{\"a}tzen und welche W{\"u}nsche und Bedenken sie hinsichtlich deren zuk{\"u}nftigen Entwicklung im Jahr 2030 haben. Methodik: In der vorliegenden Querschnitterhebung wurden 3006 Einwohner im Alter von 50-56 Jahren und von 65-71 Jahren des Landkreises OSL befragt. Ein Fragebogen mit geschlossenem und offenem Antwortformat wurde zur Erfassung der Zielstellung eingesetzt. Ergebnisse: In der vorliegenden Untersuchung {\"a}ußerten sich die Einwohner des Landkreises OSL aktuell zufrieden oder sehr zufrieden mit der haus{\"a}rztlichen (93,1\%) und der fach{\"a}rztlichen Versorgung (83,3\%). Innerhalb des Landkreises zeigen sich in einigen Regionen Defizite. Im Gebiet Lauchhammer/Schwarzheide {\"a}ußerten sich insbesondere zur fach{\"a}rztlichen Versorgung 27,1\% der Befragten unzufrieden oder sehr unzufrieden. Alternative und erg{\"a}nzende Versorgungsangebote wie die Community Nurse sind akzeptierte, jedoch derzeit unterrepr{\"a}sentierte Maßnahmen zur Sicherstellung der zuk{\"u}nftigen medizinischen Versorgung. Schlussfolgerung: Derzeit zeigen sich Bewohner des l{\"a}ndlichen, metropolenfernen Landkreises OSL zufrieden mit der ambulanten medizinischen Versorgung, jedoch stellen sich in einigen Regionen Defizite, insbesondere bei der zuk{\"u}nftigen Facharztversorgung dar. Alternative Versorgungsangebote wie Telemedizin sind seitens der Bewohner gew{\"u}nschte Maßnahmen zur Erg{\"a}nzung und Sicherstellung der zuk{\"u}nftigen medizinischen Versorgung im l{\"a}ndlichen Raum.}, language = {de} } @techreport{HoffmannWachtlerSanderetal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Wachtler, Benjamin and Sander, Lydia and Blume, Miriam and Hilger-Kolb, Jennifer and Herke, Max and Matos Fialho, Paula Mayara and Pischke, Claudia R. and Novelli, Anna and Lampert, Thomas and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Health inequalities among infants and pre-school children: Protocol for a scoping review examining the moderating and mediating role of contextual and compositional family characteristics}, publisher = {Open Science Framework}, doi = {10.17605/OSF.IO/3U4ST}, abstract = {Background: Although early childhood is a life period of overall good health, research shows that families' socioeconomic position (SEP) is affecting children's health from pregnancy on, ultimately leading to health inequalities. Little is currently known about the pathways by which family SEP is influencing child health and health-related behaviour, and which role family characteristics play. The scoping review therefore aims to screen the international literature on the mediating and moderating effects of contextual and compositional family characteristics on socioeconomic health risks of pre-school children in developed countries. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, three online databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Scopus) will be searched for literature in English or German published after year 2000. The two-step data screening approach and the subsequent data extraction will be conducted independently by two researchers in consideration of specific criteria and a previously tested standardized data extraction form. Due to the broad research question at hand, various study designs (e.g. cross-sectional, intervention, cohort studies, and qualitative studies), SEP measures (e.g. education, income) and compositional (e.g. family size, migration) or contextual (e.g. parenting, housing) family characteristics influencing children's health will be included. Since diverse definitions and reporting formats of subjective health, health behaviour, well-being, and diseases will be considered, a substantial heterogeneity in outcome measures focusing on the age group of 0-6 years is expected. Thus, a narrative synthesis of the findings will be performed according to the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination framework. Ethics and dissemination: Because no primary data will be collected, ethical clearance will not be required. Dissemination will include peer-reviewed publications and conferences.}, language = {en} } @techreport{WachtlerHoffmannRattayetal., author = {Wachtler, Benjamin and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Rattay, Petra and Sander, Lydia}, title = {Systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies on the mediating and moderating role of family characteristics on health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents in countries with developed economies}, publisher = {National Institute for Health Research - PROSPERO}, pages = {4}, abstract = {PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews: registered study protocol. Review question: Which family characteristics mediate or moderate the association between the family's socioeconomic position and health in school-aged children and adolescents in countries with developed economies?}, language = {en} } @misc{HilgerKolbSchneiderHerretal., author = {Hilger-Kolb, Jennifer and Schneider, Sven and Herr, Raphael and Osenbruegge, Nina and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Herke, Max and Pischke, Claudia R. and Sundmacher, Leonie and Diehl, Katharina}, title = {Associations between contextual and compositional characteristics of early childcare facilities with health, health behaviours and well-being among young children aged 06 years: protocol for a scoping review}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {10}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {9}, issn = {2044-6055}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037038}, pages = {6}, abstract = {Introduction: Early childhood is an important life stage which is crucial for determining health and health inequalities in later life. At the meso-level (institutional-level), early childcare facilities (eg, kindergartens, preschools) are the most important agent of socialisation next to families in young children aged 06 years. In recent years, an increasing amount of studies has focused on contextual and compositional characteristics of early childcare facilities and their association with health (eg, self-rated health), health behaviour (eg, physical activity) and well-being (eg, emotional well-being) in this age group. However, as currently no overview of the available literature on this topic exists, we will conduct a scoping review including various study designs (eg, cross-sectional studies, prospective studies, qualitative studies). Methods and analysis: We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A systematic search of the following scientific databases will be conducted: PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, Education Resources Information Center and The Cochrane Library. During the selection process, we will follow a two-step process. First, two reviewers will independently screen titles/abstracts of all potentially eligible articles by applying a set of previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the completion of the title/abstract screening, full texts of the remaining articles will be screened following the same procedure. To determine inter-rater agreement between reviewers, we will calculate Cohen's Kappa after both steps. Key characteristics (eg, country of origin, sample size, study design) of included articles will be extracted. We will map the evidence available by providing a summary table on the key characteristics extracted and by presenting the associations using various types of illustrations. Ethics and dissemination: Since no primary data will be collected for this review, ethical approval is not required. Our findings will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.}, language = {en} } @misc{WachtlerHoffmannBlumeetal., author = {Wachtler, Benjamin and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Blume, Miriam and Rattay, Petra and Herr, Raphael and Deindl, Christian and Sundmacher, Leonie and Richter, Matthias and Spallek, Jacob and Lampert, Thomas}, title = {The impact of the family on health inequalities in children - A systematic scoping review}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {30}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement_5}, publisher = {Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.898}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background Health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents were repeatedly reported across Europe but less is known about the contextual and compositional factors of families that might influence and reproduce those health inequalities. In this systematic scoping review we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the available international literature on the mediating and moderating influence of the family on health inequalities in children and adolescents in Europe and North America. Methods This review follows the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. After defining the research question a search strategy was developed in cooperation with a scientific librarian and the study protocol was registered. A search of three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, PsycINFO) was conducted to identify relevant literature in English or German published between the year 2000 and 2019. A qualitative data charting process was used to extract the relevant data. Results In total 11.838 records were identified through the multi database search (Pubmed n = 6370, PsycINFO n = 3505, Scopus n = 1963). After elimination of duplicates and records from excluded countries, 8862 abstracts were screened by two researchers independently. Different cluster of evidence of family influences on health inequalities were identified: Parental behaviors and children's obesity, parents' smoking and drinking habits and adolescents' risk behaviors, parenting style and children's common mental disorders, parental resources and children's quality of life. Conclusions There are different aspects of family's contextual and compositional characteristics on health inequalities identifiable in the international literature. These characteristics might be new targets for family-focused health promotion strategies. Key messages: -A systematic scoping review found different family aspects that influence health inequalities in children and adolescents. - The identified family traits are promising targets for family-focused health promotion strategies to reduce health inequalities.}, language = {en} } @misc{MatosFialhoDraganoReuteretal., author = {Matos Fialho, Paula Mayara and Dragano, Nico and Reuter, Marvin and Metzendorf, Maria-Inti and Richter, Bernd and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Diehl, Katharina and Wachtler, Benjamin and Sundmacher, Leonie and Herke, Max and Pischke, Claudia R.}, title = {Mapping the evidence regarding school-to- work/ university transition and health inequalities among young adults: a scoping review protocol}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {10}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {12}, issn = {2044-6055}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039831}, abstract = {School-to-work/university transition is a sensitive period that can have a substantial impact on health and health behaviour over the life course. There is some indication that health and health behaviour is socially patterned in the age span of individuals in this transition (16-24 years) and that there are differences by socioeconomic position (SEP). However, evidence regarding this phenomenon has not been systematically mapped. In addition, little is known about the role of institutional characteristics (eg, of universities, workplaces) in the development of health and possible inequalities in health during this transition. Hence, the first objective of this scoping review is to systematically map the existing evidence regarding health and health behaviours (and possible health inequalities, for example, differences by SEP) in the age group of 16-24 years and during school-to-work transition noted in Germany and abroad. The second objective is to summarise the evidence on the potential effects of contextual and compositional characteristics of specific institutions entered during this life stage on health and health behaviours. Third, indicators and measures of these characteristics will be summarised.Methods and analysisWe will systematically map the evidence on health inequalities during school-to-work-transitions among young adults (aged 16-24 years), following the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. The literature search is performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, International Labour Organization and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, using a predetermined search strategy. Articles published between January 2000 and February 2020 in English or German are considered for the review. The selection process follows a two-step approach: (1) screening of titles and abstracts, and (2) screening of full texts, both steps by two independent reviewers. Any discrepancies in the selection process are resolved by a third researcher. Data extraction will be performed using a customised data extraction sheet. The results will be presented in tabular and narrative form.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and presented at international conferences and project workshops.}, language = {en} } @misc{HerkeMoorWinteretal., author = {Herke, Max and Moor, Irene and Winter, Kristina and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Hilger-Kolb, Jennifer and Pischke, Claudia R. and Dragano, Nico and Novelli, Anna and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Role of contextual and compositional characteristics of schools for health inequalities in childhood and adolescence: protocol for a scoping review}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {10}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {12}, issn = {2044-6055}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038999}, pages = {7}, abstract = {Introduction Childhood and adolescence are crucial life stages for health trajectories and the development of health inequalities in later life. The relevance of schools for health and well-being of children and adolescents has long been recognised, and there is some research regarding the association of contextual and compositional characteristics of schools and classes with health, health behaviour and well-being in this population. Little is known about the role of meso-level characteristics in relation to health inequalities. The aim of this scoping review is to retrieve and synthesise evidence about the mediating or moderating role of compositional or contextual characteristics of schools for the association between students' socioeconomic position and health in primary and secondary education. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic search of electronic databases in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Education Resources Information Center. Studies must meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) The population must be students attending primary or secondary schools in developed economies. (2) The outcomes must include at least one indicator for individual health, health behaviour or well-being. (3) The study must include at least one contextual or compositional characteristic of the school context and one individual determinant of socioeconomic position. (4) The study must also examine the mediating or moderating role of the contextual or compositional characteristic of the school context for the associations between socioeconomic position and health, health behaviour or well-being. (5) The study must be published since 1 January 2000 in English or German language. We will provide a narrative synthesis of findings. Ethics and dissemination We will not collect primary data and only include secondary data derived from previously published studies. Therefore, ethical approval is not required. We intend to publish our findings in an international peer-reviewed journal and to present them at national and international conferences.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HoffmannTallarekSpallek, author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Tallarek, Marie and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Gesundheitswissenschaftliche Grundlagen f{\"u}r den Gesundheitsunterricht. Gesundheit und Vielfalt in Schule, Ausbildung und Studium}, series = {Gesundheitsdidaktik}, booktitle = {Gesundheitsdidaktik}, editor = {Goldfriedrich, Martin and Hurrelmann, Klaus}, edition = {1}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim, Basel}, isbn = {978-3-7799-6371-4}, pages = {134 -- 155}, abstract = {Dieses Kapitel stellt theoretische und empirische Grundlagen der Gesundheit, ihrer Determinanten und der gesundheitlichen Ungleichheit als Gegenstand eines systematischen Gesundheitsunterrichts vor (Goldfriedrich/Hurrelmann in diesem Band, Kern-Wert 2 des Gesundheitsunterrichtes). Das Wissen um die Komplexit{\"a}t menschlicher Vielfalt und deren Einfluss auf die gesundheitliche Situation bildet die Grundlage f{\"u}r das Verst{\"a}ndnis zentraler Gesundheitsdimensionen (u. a. M{\"u}ller/Porges in diesem Band) sowie die didaktische Schwerpunktsetzung in verschiedenen Institutionen im Entwicklungsverlauf, wie dem Gymnasium (Schwegmann in diesem Band), der Berufsschule (Trumpa/Dorn in diesem Band) oder in Hochschulen (Sprenger in diesem Band). In diesem Kontext erl{\"a}utert das Kapitel die Problematik ungleich verteilter Gesundheitschancen und stellt die Bandbreite relevanter Einflussfaktoren am Beispiel der sozialen Lage, des Migrationshintergrunds und des Geschlechts bei Kindern und Jugendlichen vor. Es zeigt auf, wie dieses Wissen im Bildungskontext curricular implementiert werden kann, um bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter einen Beitrag zur gesundheitlichen Chancengleichheit leisten zu k{\"o}nnen.}, language = {de} } @misc{HerrDiehlSchneideretal., author = {Herr, Raphael and Diehl, Katharina and Schneider, Sven and Osenbruegge, Nina and Memmer, Nicole and Sachse, Steffi and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Wachtler, Benjamin and Herke, Max and Pischke, Claudia R. and Novelli, Anna and Hilger-Kolb, Jennifer}, title = {Which Meso-Level Characteristics of Early Childhood Education and Care Centers Are Associated with Health, Health Behavior, and Well-Being of Young Children? Findings of a Scoping Review}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {9}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18094973}, pages = {4973}, abstract = {Characteristics of early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers might be relevant for children's health. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the association between meso-level characteristics (MLCs) of ECEC centers with children's health, health behavior, and wellbeing. Five databases were searched for quantitative and qualitative research articles published in English or German since 1 January 2000 on health, health behavior, and wellbeing of children aged 0 to 6 years considering MLCs of ECEC centers. Two authors screened 10,396 potentially eligible manuscripts and identified 117 papers, including 3077 examinations of the association between MLCs and children's health indicators (Kappas > 0.91). Five categories of MLCs were identified: (1) structural characteristics, (2) equipment/furnishings, (3) location, (4) facilities/environment, (5) culture/activities/policies/practices, and 6) staff. Only very few studies found an association of MLCs with body weight/obesity, and general health and wellbeing. Especially physical activity and mental health were related to MLCs. In general, the location (rural vs. urban, neighborhood status) seemed to be a relevant health aspect. MLCs of ECEC centers appeared relevant for child health indicators to different degrees. Future research should focus on these associations, in detail, to identify concrete ECEC indicators that can support health promotion in early childhood.}, language = {en} } @misc{BlumeRattayHoffmannetal., author = {Blume, Miriam and Rattay, Petra and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Sander, Lydia and Herr, Raphael and Richter, Matthias and Moor, Irene and Dragano, Nico and Pischke, Claudia R. and Iashchenko, Iryna and H{\"o}vener, Claudia and Wachtler, Benjamin}, title = {Health Inequalities in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Characteristics}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {15}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18157739}, pages = {33}, abstract = {This scoping review systematically mapped evidence of the mediating and moderating effects of family characteristics on health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents (6-18 years) in countries with developed economies in Europe and North America. We conducted a systematic scoping review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. Evidence was synthesized narratively. Of the 12,403 records initially identified, 50 articles were included in the synthesis. The included studies were conducted in the United States (n = 27), Europe (n = 18), Canada (n = 3), or in multiple countries combined (n = 2). We found that mental health was the most frequently assessed health outcome. The included studies reported that different family characteristics mediated or moderated health inequalities. Parental mental health, parenting practices, and parent-child-relationships were most frequently examined, and were found to be important mediating or moderating factors. In addition, family conflict and distress were relevant family characteristics. Future research should integrate additional health outcomes besides mental health, and attempt to integrate the complexity of families. The family characteristics identified in this review represent potential starting points for reducing health inequalities in childhood and adolescence.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoffmannSchiebelHufertetal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Schiebel, Juliane and Hufert, Frank and Gremmels, Heinz-Detlef and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers: A Prospective Serological-Epidemiological Cohort Study in a Standard Care Hospital in Rural Germany}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {20}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph182010999}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Healthcare workers (HCW) play a vital role in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic control. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and the risk of COVID-19 infections in a cohort of HCW from four different risk groups (from intensive care unit to administration) of a hospital of a primary care level in rural Germany. The outcomes were monthly measures of antibody seroprevalence over a period of 6 months. Overall, a seroprevalence of 13.41\% was determined, with significantly higher prevalence rates among HCW working in areas with more frequent contact to confirmed or suspected cases (30.30\%, p = 0.003). The group specific differences in the risk of infection from COVID-19 were detected, as HCW groups with frequent exposure seemed to have an increased risk (RR = 3.18, p = 0.02; CI95 1.09-9.24). The findings contribute to the epidemiological understanding of the virus spread in an unvaccinated population group, which is highly relevant for the pandemic management.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoffmannSanderBlumeetal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Sander, Lydia and Blume, Miriam and Schneider, Sven and Herke, Max and Matos Fialho, Paula Mayara and Pischke, Claudia R. and Sch{\"u}ttig, Wiebke and Lampert, Thomas and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Do families have moderating or mediating effects on early health inequalities? A scoping review}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {31}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement_3}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.506}, abstract = {Background During early childhood, families have a crucial impact on children's health behaviour, health, and development (bhd). However, a family's socioeconomic position (SEP) determines both the parental behaviour, living conditions, and child health. To understand how family characteristics may influence the development of health inequalities, this scoping review synthesised research on their mediating and moderating effects. Methods The review followed the guidelines of the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. The search included German and English peer-reviewed articles published between January 1st, 2000 and December 19th, 2019. The search in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus used both free text terms in the title/abstract and index terms within linked keyword blocks: (1) family characteristics, (2) inequalities, (3) income, education, occupation, (4) bhd, (5) newborn, infant, toddler, preschooler. Two researchers independently examined eligibility for inclusion in two rounds (title/abstract; full-text). Results Of 7,089 articles identified, ten sources were included that studied family characteristics and health inequalities among 0-6 years olds. Parental rules, stress, and screentime, and TV in bedroom showed mediating effects on inequalities in behaviour problems or children's screentime. Families' negativity, single parenthood, and the number of children in the household moderated differences in impairment, health, behaviour problems, development or breastfeeding initiation. Conclusions The effect of family characteristics on early health inequalities has been sparsely investigated. The evidence supported models of family stress and investment. Further research is needed to comprehensively understand this association. Key messages Family characteristics contribute to health inequalities. Taking families' stress and investment into account could improve targeted prevention efforts aimed at reducing health inequalities.}, language = {en} } @misc{HerkeMoorWinteretal., author = {Herke, Max and Moor, Irene and Winter, Kristina and Hack, Miriam and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Hilger-Kolb, Jennifer and Herr, Raphael and Pischke, Claudia R. and Dragano, Nico and Novelli, Anna and Richter, Matthias}, title = {Role of contextual and compositional characteristics of schools for health inequalities in childhood and adolescence: a scoping review}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {12}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {2}, issn = {2044-6055}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052925}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Objectives: To synthesise the evidence on the role of compositional or contextual characteristics of schools in the association between students' socioeconomic position and their health in primary and secondary education in developed economies. Design: Scoping review. We included studies examining the role of at least one school or class characteristic on students' health inequalities and was published since 1 January 2000, in English or German. We searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Education Resources Information Center. We provided a narrative synthesis and an overview of findings. School characteristics were grouped into five broad categories: school composition, school climate, school policies and organisation, food environment and facilities. Results: Of 8520 records identified, 26 studies were included. Twelve studies found a moderating and 3 a mediating effect. The strongest evidence came from studies examining the moderating effect of school composition, that is, the negative impact of a low individual socioeconomic position on mental health and well-being was aggravated by a low average socioeconomic position of schools. Evidence concerning the role of school climate, school stratification (eg, performance base tracking) and sponsorship, food environment and sport facilities and equipment was generally weak or very weak and mostly based on singular findings. Overall, favourable meso-level characteristics mitigated the negative impact of low individual socioeconomic position on health outcomes. Conclusions: School characteristics affect health inequalities in children and adolescents to some degree, but future research is necessary to strengthen the existing evidence and address under-represented aspects in school characteristics and health outcomes.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoffmannSanderWachtleretal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Sander, Lydia and Wachtler, Benjamin and Blume, Miriam and Schneider, Sven and Herke, Max and Pischke, Claudia R. and Matos Fialho, Paula Mayara and Schuettig, Wiebke and Tallarek, Marie and Lampert, Thomas and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Moderating or mediating effects of family characteristics on socioeconomic inequalities in child health in high‑income countries - a scoping review}, series = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {22}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/s12889-022-12603-4}, pages = {1 -- 14}, abstract = {Background: By explaining the development of health inequalities, eco-social theories highlight the importance of social environments that children are embedded in. The most important environment during early childhood is the family, as it profoundly influences children's health through various characteristics. These include family processes, family structure/size, and living conditions, and are closely linked to the socioeconomic position (SEP) of the family. Although it is known that the SEP contributes to health inequalities in early childhood, the effects of family characteristics on health inequalities remain unclear. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesise existing research on the mediating and moderating effects of family characteristics on socioeconomic health inequalities (HI) during early childhood in high-income countries. Methods: This review followed the methodology of "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews". To identify German and English scientific peer-reviewed literature published from January 1st, 2000, to December 19th, 2019, the following search term blocks were linked with the logical operator "AND": (1) family structure/size, processes, living conditions, (2) inequalities, disparities, diversities, (3) income, education, occupation, (4) health and (5) young children. The search covered the electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Results: The search yielded 7,089 records. After title/abstract and full-text screening, only ten peer-reviewed articles were included in the synthesis, which analysed the effects of family characteristics on HI in early childhood. Family processes (i.e., rules /descriptive norms, stress, parental screen time, parent-child conflicts) are identified to have mediating or moderating effects. While families' living conditions (i.e., TVs in children's bedrooms) are suggested as mediating factors, family structure/size (i.e., single parenthood, number of children in the household) appear to moderate health inequalities. Conclusion: Family characteristics contribute to health inequalities in early childhood. The results provide overall support of models of family stress and family investment. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of family health literacy, regarding a wide range of children's health outcomes (e.g., oral health, inflammation parameters, weight, and height), and the development of health inequalities over the life course starting at birth.}, language = {en} } @misc{HoffmannTschornMichalskietal., author = {Hoffmann, Stephanie and Tschorn, Mira and Michalski, Niels and Hoebel, Jens and F{\"o}rstner, Bernd R. and Rapp, Michael A. and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Association of regional socioeconomic deprivation and rurality with global developmental delay in early childhood: Data from mandatory school entry examinations in Germany}, series = {Health \& Place}, volume = {75}, journal = {Health \& Place}, issn = {1353-8292}, doi = {10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102794}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Background From birth to young adulthood, health and development of young people are strongly linked to their living situation, including their family's socioeconomic position (SEP) and living environment. The impact of regional characteristics on development in early childhood beyond family SEP has been rarely investigated. This study aimed to identify regional predictors of global developmental delay at school entry taking family SEP into consideration. Method We used representative, population-based data from mandatory school entry examinations of the German federal state of Brandenburg in 2018/2019 with n=22,801 preschool children. By applying binary multilevel models, we hierarchically analyzed the effect of regional deprivation defined by the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD) and rurality operationalized as inverted population density of the children's school district on global developmental delay (GDD) while adjusting for family SEP (low, medium and high). Results Family SEP was significantly and strongly linked to GDD. Children with the highest family SEP showed a lower odds for GDD compared to a medium SEP (female: OR=4.26, male: OR=3.46) and low SEP (female: OR=16.58, male: OR=12.79). Furthermore, we discovered a smaller, but additional and independent effect of regional socioeconomic deprivation on GDD, with a higher odds for children from a more deprived school district (female: OR=1.35, male: OR=1.20). However, rurality did not show a significant link to GDD in preschool children beyond family SEP and regional deprivation. Conclusion Family SEP and regional deprivation are risk factors for child development and of particular interest to promote health of children in early childhood and over the life course.}, language = {en} } @misc{RattayBlumeWachtleretal., author = {Rattay, Petra and Blume, Miriam and Wachtler, Benjamin and Wollgast, Lina and Spallek, Jacob and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Sander, Lydia and Herr, Raphael and Herke, Max and Reuter, Marvin and Novelli, Anna and H{\"o}vener, Claudia}, title = {Socioeconomic position and self-rated health among female and male adolescents: The role of familial determinants in explaining health inequalities. Results of the German KiGGS study}, series = {PloS one}, volume = {17}, journal = {PloS one}, number = {4}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0266463}, abstract = {Objective Although health inequalities in adolescence are well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Few studies have examined the role of the family in explaining the association between the family's socioeconomic position and adolescents' self-rated health. The current study aimed to explore whether the association between socioeconomic position and self-rated health was mediated by familial determinants. Methods Using data from wave 2 of the"German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents" (KiGGS) (1,838 female and 1,718 male 11- to 17-year-olds), linear regression analyses were conducted to decompose the total effects of income, education, occupational status, socioeconomic position index and adolescents' subjective social status on self-rated health into direct effects and indirect effects through familial determinants (family cohesion, parental well-being, parental stress, parenting styles, parental obesity, smoking and sporting activity). Results A significant total effect of all socioeconomic position indicators on self-rated health was found, except for income in male adolescents. In female adolescents, more than 70\% of the total effects of each socioeconomic position indicator were explained by familial mediators, whereas no significant direct effects remained. The most important mediator was parental well-being, followed by family cohesion, parental smoking and sporting activity. In male adolescents, the associations between income, parental education, the socioeconomic position index and subjective social status were also mediated by familial determinants (family cohesion, parental smoking, obesity and living in a single-mother family). However, a significant direct effect of subjective social status remained. Conclusion The analysis revealed how a family's position of socioeconomic disadvantage can lead to poorer health in adolescents through different family practices. The family appears to play an important role in explaining health inequalities, particularly in female adolescents. Reducing health inequalities in adolescence requires policy interventions (macro-level), community-based strategies (meso-level) and programs to improve parenting and family functioning (micro-level).}, language = {en} } @misc{JaehnSaskoHolmbergetal., author = {Jaehn, Philipp and Sasko, Benjamin and Holmberg, Christine and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Kelesidis, Theodoros and Rapp, Michael A. and Westhoff, Timm H. and Ritter, Oliver and Pagonas, Nikolaos}, title = {Levels of high-density lipoprotein lipid peroxidation according to spatial socioeconomic deprivation and rurality among patients with coronary artery disease}, series = {European Journal of Preventive Cardiology}, volume = {29}, journal = {European Journal of Preventive Cardiology}, number = {15}, issn = {2047-4873}, doi = {10.1093/eurjpc/zwac068}, pages = {e343 -- e346}, abstract = {Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide.1 In this context, the burden of CAD shows considerable regional heterogeneity at the national level. For example, age-standardized mortality rates varied between 106 and 178 deaths per 100 000 at the level of German federal states in 2019.2 The regional heterogeneity of cardiovascular mortality suggests that the residential environment should be considered as an important determinant for successful secondary prevention. Environmental features that were frequently drawn upon to explain regional inequalities of cardiovascular outcomes are spatial socioeconomic deprivation (SSD) and rurality.3 Rurality may impact cardiovascular health due to impaired access to healthcare services. Socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods, on the other hand, exhibit restricted opportunities to eat healthy, exercise regularly, utilize health care, and avoid environmental hazards such as air pollution.}, language = {en} }