@misc{FassoldFalkAndersetal., author = {Fassold, Alexander and Falk, Werner and Anders, Sven and Hirsch, Thomas and Mirsky, Vladimir M. and Straub, Rainer H.}, title = {Soluble neuropilin-2, a nerve repellent receptor, is increased in rheumatoid arthritis synovium and aggravates sympathetic fiber repulsion and arthritis}, series = {Arthritis and Rheumatology}, volume = {60}, journal = {Arthritis and Rheumatology}, number = {10}, issn = {2326-5205}, doi = {10.1002/art.24860}, pages = {2892 -- 2901}, abstract = {In inflammatory lesions, sympathetic nerve fibers disappear soon after the start of inflammation. We identified sympathetic nerve repellents as possible causal agents in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). On nerve terminals, repellent factors bind to neuropilin-2 and its coreceptor. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of neuropilin-2 in the synovial tissue of patients with RA and patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and in experimental arthritis. The density of neuropilin-2-positive fibers and cells positive for semaphorin 3F (a sympathetic repellent) was investigated using immunofluorescence staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect soluble neuropilin-2 in body fluids from patients with RA and patients with OA. An axon outgrowth assay and a neuropilin-2 Fc fusion construct (neuropilin-2Fc) were used to investigate semaphorin 3F-induced sympathetic nerve repulsion. In an animal model of type II collagen-induced arthritis, soluble neuropilin-2Fc was studied in vivo. The synovial density of neuropilin-2-positive sympathetic nerve fibers was lower in RA than in OA, but the density of cells positive for semaphorin 3F was similar. In synovial fluid, the level of soluble neuropilin-2 was markedly higher in RA compared with OA. Mouse sympathetic ganglia served as an excellent model with which to study semaphorin 3F-induced nerve fiber repulsion. Neuropilin-2 and its coreceptor were present on sympathetic neurons, and semaphorin 3F bound to neuropilin-2Fc (binding constant 96 nmoles/liter). Semaphorin 3F dose-dependently increased sympathetic nerve fiber repulsion (at a 50\% maximum response concentration of 160-210 nmoles/liter). In contrast to our expectations, soluble neuropilin-2Fc did not inhibit repulsion but increased the repellent effect of semaphorin 3F. In experimental arthritis, therapy with neuropilin-2Fc aggravated arthritis. Soluble neuropilin-2 has no antirepellent activity but aggravates sympathetic nerve fiber repulsion and arthritis. Increased shedding of neuropilin-2 is probably an unfavorable sign in RA.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschShaporenkoMirskyetal., author = {Hirsch, Thomas and Shaporenko, Andrey and Mirsky, Vladimir M. and Zharnikov, Michael}, title = {Monomolecular films of phthalocyanines: formation, characterisation and expelling by alkanethiols}, series = {Langmuir}, volume = {23}, journal = {Langmuir}, number = {8}, issn = {0743-7463}, doi = {10.1021/la0634239}, pages = {4373 -- 4377}, abstract = {Adsorption of aluminum-2,3-naphthalocyanine (Al-PC) onto gold (111) substrate from the pure and mixed (with alkanethiols) solutions of the target molecules in ethanol was studied. The resulting films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The adsorption from the pure solution resulted in formation of an Al-PC monolayer composed of the strongly inclined molecules. However, a presence of only one molar percent of a thiolated compound (alkanethiol) in the primary solution led to the complete expelling of the Al-PC molecules from the substrate and formation of a one-component alkylthiolate monolayer. The results indicate that an equilibrium formation of mixed monolayers of rodlike thiolated molecules and relatively large planar-geometry molecules, whose interaction with the metal surface is mainly provided by the π-electron system, is difficult to achieve or is in most cases even impossible under equilibrium conditions and requires an introduction of additional anchor moieties (e.g., thiols) into these molecules, as has been demonstrated by successful coadsorption of hexadecanethiol and thiolated tetraphenylporphyrin.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Landnutzungsgeschichte und historische Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz - Neue Befunde und aktuelle Forschung}, series = {Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie, T{\"u}bingen, 4. Mai bis 7. Mai 2016}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie, T{\"u}bingen, 4. Mai bis 7. Mai 2016}, abstract = {Seit 2010 untersucht eine interdisziplin{\"a}re Forschergruppe der BTU, des BLDAM und des LBGR die Landnutzungsgeschichte sowie die nat{\"u}rliche und anthropogen induzierte Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz, Brandenburg. Systematische arch{\"a}ologische Grabungen des BLDAM im Vorfeld der laufenden Tagebaue sind eine wichtige Grundlage f{\"u}r geopedologische Untersuchungen. Die Arbeiten hatten zun{\"a}chst ihren r{\"a}umlichen Schwerpunkt in den Braunkohletagebauen nord{\"o}stlich von Cottbus (Tgb. Cottbus Nord, Tgb. J{\"a}nschwalde) und wurden dann ausgedehnt auf weitere Forstfl{\"a}chen n{\"o}rdlich von Peitz. Wir geben einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre, pr{\"a}sentieren aktuelle Ergebnisse und zeigen zuk{\"u}nftige Forschungsfelder auf. Im Tagebau J{\"a}nschwalde sind zwischenzeitlich mehr als 1000 Relikte von Holzkohlmeilern (HKM) als Zeugen einer intensiven historischen Holznutzung arch{\"a}ologisch dokumentiert. Mit Stand Januar 2016 liegen Dendroalter von 64 HKM vor. Die Alter schwanken zwischen dem ausgehenden 16. Jahrhundert und der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts, was in etwa dem Betriebszeitraum des H{\"u}ttenwerks in Peitz entspricht. Die Mehrzahl der Meiler datiert auf den Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts. Weitere Hinterlassenschaften der historischen Landnutzung sind u.a. W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker und begrabene Ackerb{\"o}den. Fossile B{\"o}den und ehemalige Landoberfl{\"a}chen sind stellenweise mit {\"a}olischen Sedimenten {\"u}berdeckt. 14C- und OSL-Datierungen an diesen B{\"o}den und Sedimenten lassen auf eine Intensivierung der {\"a}olischen Aktivit{\"a}t zur slawischen Zeit und im Deutschen Mittelalter schließen. Einige Relikte von HKM sind mit Sand {\"u}berweht worden, und an einer Stelle konnte das Alter dieser {\"a}olischen Sedimentation mittels Dendrodatierung des begrabenen Meilers auf1850 oder j{\"u}nger bestimmt werden. Allerdings stellt dies die Ausnahme dar. Der weitaus gr{\"o}ßere Teil der HKM-Relikte liegt direkt an der Oberfl{\"a}che und ist nicht begraben, was auf eine sehr geringe Winderosion in der Neuzeit schließen l{\"a}sst. Seit 2015 konnte im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts „R{\"a}umliche und zeitliche Dimension der historischen K{\"o}hlerei im Tauerschen Forst (Niederlausitz, Brandenburg). Ein Beitrag zur Kulturlandschaftsentwicklung des Norddeutschen Tieflands" (Az RA 1129/3-1; RA 931/6-1) ein weiteres Gebiet mit hoher HKM-Dichte untersucht werden. Erste Auswertungen der LiDAR-Daten ergeben eine Anzahl von 4449 ehemaligen Meilerstandorten im Tauerschen Forst. 26 Meilerstellen sind beprobt, die Dendroalter hierzu sind in Bearbeitung. Ebenfalls in j{\"u}ngerer Zeit fanden Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von HKM-Relikten f{\"u}r das gesamte Land Brandenburg statt. Mit Hilfe eines bin{\"a}ren Modells wurden Gebiete mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit von HKM-Standorten detektiert. Im Rahmen des im November 2016 beginnenden DFG-Projekts „Die historische K{\"o}hlerei in Brandenburg - Analyse der r{\"a}umlichen Dimension und der Effekte auf bodenhydraulische Eigenschaften" (SCHN 1349/1-1) sollen nun neben der Verbreitung der historischen K{\"o}hlerei auch bodenrelevante Auswirkungen beschrieben und bewertet werden.}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchneiderRaabRoesleretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Takla, Melanie and Hirsch, Florian and Ritschl, Bosse and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Geophysikalische Prospektion und Mikrodrohnenbefliegungen zur Dokumentation von Meilerpl{\"a}tzen in der J{\"a}nschwalder Heide}, series = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlerevier 2013/2014}, booktitle = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlerevier 2013/2014}, editor = {Schopper, Franz and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, publisher = {Brandenburgisches LAndesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Landesmuseum}, address = {Zossen OT W{\"u}nsdorf}, isbn = {978-3-910011-79-3}, pages = {145 -- 154}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschZharnikovShaporenkoetal., author = {Hirsch, Thomas and Zharnikov, Michael and Shaporenko, Andrey and Stahl, Joachim and Weiss, Dieter and Wolfbeis, Otto S. and Mirsky, Vladimir M.}, title = {Size-controlled electrochemical synthesis of metallic nanoparticles on molecular templates}, series = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, volume = {44}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, number = {41}, issn = {1521-3773}, doi = {10.1002/anie.200500912}, pages = {6775 -- 6778}, abstract = {Reduction on the spot: Planarly adsorbed thiolated porphyrin molecules (purple) incorporated in an insulating alkanethiol monolayer (blue) function as nanoelectrodes for the local reduction of metals (gray). This approach was applied for the in situ synthesis of nanoparticles of a predetermined size.}, language = {en} } @misc{ProdramidisHirschWolfbeisetal., author = {Prodramidis, Mamas I. and Hirsch, Thomas and Wolfbeis, Otto S. and Mirsky, Vladimir M.}, title = {Enantioselective chemosensors based on spreader-bar structures}, series = {Electroanalysis}, volume = {15}, journal = {Electroanalysis}, number = {22}, issn = {1521-4109}, doi = {10.1002/elan.200302756}, pages = {1795 -- 1798}, abstract = {Chiroselective binding sites have been created on thin gold films by application of the spreader-bar approach. Impedometric techniques and surface plasmon resonance were applied to detect binding. (R)-(+)-1,1 '-Binaphthyl-2,2 '-diol (R-BNOH) and (S)-(-)-1,1 '-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol (S-BNOH) were used as model analytes. The artificial receptors were prepared by co-adsorption of 16-mercaptohexadecane (matrix) with a thiol-modified chiral selector (template). The conjugates of d, l-thioctic acid and (R)-(+)- or (S)-(-)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine were used as templates. Different concentration ratios of the matrix and template were tested. No chiral selectivity of surfaces formed by either the matrix or the template alone was observed. The use of alkylthiols shorter than 16-mercaptohexadecane led to the formation of surfaces with no chiral selectivity. The gold electrodes coated by the spreader-bar technique displayed an enantioselectivity of up to 4.76 or up to 2.55 as measured by the capacitive and SPR methods, espectively.}, language = {en} } @misc{MirskyWrobelRiepletal., author = {Mirsky, Vladimir M. and Wrobel, Nadia and Riepl, Michael and Hirsch, Thomas and Wolfbeis, Otto S.}, title = {Intelligente Nanostrukturen f{\"u}r Biosensoren und Sensor-Arrays}, series = {BioTec: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Biotechnologie}, volume = {10}, journal = {BioTec: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Biotechnologie}, issn = {0937-2725}, pages = {28 -- 32}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschKettenbergerWolfbeisetal., author = {Hirsch, Thomas and Kettenberger, Hubert and Wolfbeis, Otto S. and Mirsky, Vladimir M.}, title = {A simple strategy for preparation of sensor arrays: Nanostructured monolayers as recognition elements}, series = {Chemical Communications}, journal = {Chemical Communications}, number = {3}, issn = {1359-7345}, doi = {10.1039/b210554c}, pages = {432 -- 433}, abstract = {The spreader-bar approach is a simple method for producing a huge variety of receptors with different selectivities. A sensor-array consisting of five such receptors is presented. A pattern recognition provides selective detection of different purines and pyrimidines.}, language = {en} } @misc{MirskyHirschPanasyuketal., author = {Mirsky, Vladimir M. and Hirsch, Thomas and Panasyuk, Tatiana L. and Piletsky, Sergey A. and Wolfbeis, Otto S.}, title = {Two- and three-dimensional artificial chemoreceptors: molecular spreader-bar vs. molecular imprinting}, series = {Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing}, volume = {37}, journal = {Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing}, number = {suppl.2}, issn = {0140-0118}, pages = {344 -- 345}, language = {en} } @misc{MirskyHirschPiletskyetal., author = {Mirsky, Vladimir M. and Hirsch, Thomas and Piletsky, Sergey A. and Wolfbeis, Otto S.}, title = {A spreader-bar approach to molecular architecture: formation of stable artificial chemoreceptors}, series = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, volume = {38}, journal = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition}, number = {8}, issn = {1521-3773}, doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990419)38:8<1108::AID-ANIE1108>3.0.CO;2-C}, pages = {1108 -- 1110}, abstract = {The destructive influence of lateral diffusion on nanostructured monolayers can be prevented by using the spreader-bar technique. This approach allows the formation of stable artificial receptors for barbituric acid by lateral structuring of a dodecanethiol monolayer with molecular spreader-bars from thiobarbituric acid without chemical polymerization (see schematic representation). The new technique may have applications in chemosensors, affinity chromatography, stereoselective catalysis, and molecular electronics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabTaklaetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Integrative Application of Traditional and Cutting-Edge Techniques to Reconstruct Holocene Earth Surface Processes and Landscape Dynamics - A Case Study from the Northern German Lowland}, series = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, booktitle = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, pages = {135 -- 136}, abstract = {This study outlines the opportunities to reconstruct Holocene landscape dynamics in active opencast lignite mines in southern Brandenburg (Germany). Studies on extensive outcrops that address geomorphology, pedology and archaeology provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes. Our approach uses a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques to characterize small-scale landforms (high-resolution DEMs by micro-drone and LiDAR), to analyze soils and substrate properties in the field (GPR, ERT, geomagnetics, Field Portable XRF and XRD) and to provide chronological information (OSL, 14C, tree-ring dating). This approach is combined with a GIS for data integration. We present the most recent results and review important findings from the last several years. Studies conducted in the opencast mines focus on soil development and Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and as well as past land use and the legacy of agriculture and woodland use. Our results regarding the human-induced geomorphodynamics are similar to those in other regions in Central Europe, but we also observe regional differences caused by the local setting, e.g., intensification of soil erosion coinciding with the expansion of farming of cultivated lands in the Slavic Middle Ages. By analyzing LiDAR data the largest area of historical charcoal production in the Northern European Lowland (NEL) has been revealed. We are clearly only beginning to understand the massive dimensions of charcoal production in the region and the impact on late Holocene geomorphodynamics. The usage of new high-resolution imagery is essential to identify small-scale anthropogenic landforms hidden in the landscape. Future work will consist of developing and improving our integrative approach. However, comprehensive ground truth data provided by the archaeological prospections in the open-cast mines are an excellent basis for GIS-based analyses of high-resolution ALS data and geomorphological research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderTaklaRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Mapping historic charcoal production fields from excavation to landscape scale}, series = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, booktitle = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, pages = {168}, abstract = {In the forefield of the open-cast mine J{\"a}nschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany), archaeological excavations have revealed one of the largest charcoal production fields described so far. As remains of the historic charcoal kilns, small mounds of sediment rich in charcoal fragments and ash cover the soil surface. We applied a combination of methods for mapping such kiln relicts across a range of scales, in order to analyze the spatial distribution of kiln sites and to improve the understanding of historic forest use systems. In archaeological excavations in the mine forefield, the geometry of kiln relicts could be studied in high detail. We used a microdrone to record high-resolution photographs of excavation sites for the documentation of kiln site ground plans and other traces of historic land use. Based on airborne laser scanning elevation models, kiln site mapping was extended to areas beyond the mine forefield. Manual digitization from shaded relief maps was used for mapping kiln sites in further woodland areas surrounding an historic ironwork north of Cottbus. An automated mapping approach based on template matching was developed to detect charcoal production fields on a larger scale, and was applied for an area of about 1000 km2up to now. In archaeological excavations, about 900 kiln sites have been documented on an approximately 17 km2 large area. Excavation documentations and aerial photographs show variations in the kiln site ground plans. By manual digitization from Shaded Relief Maps, more than 5000 kiln sites with diameters up to 29 m were detected in the 32 km2 area of the royal forest J{\"a}nschwalder Heide north of Cottbus. First results of mapping for larger areas indicate similar densities, but smaller diameters of kiln sites in other charcoal production fields; and show that charcoal production is a so far underestimated component of the land use history in many areas in the Northern European Lowlands.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschBauriegelBonhageetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Occurrence, micromorphology, and soil chemistry of Fuchserden (Rhodic Arenosols) on sandy deposits in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In the sandy deposits from the Late Pleistocene in the Northern European lowlands, the local appearance of red subsoils emerges the question of their formation and palaeoenvironmental significance. According to the WRB this soil is classified as Rhodic Arenosols, but in the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping this soil is still unconsidered because the age and genesis is unclear. Due to the intense red subsoil, the working title of this soil is 'Fuchserde'. Whereas rubefication is a characteristic feature of soils in regions with warm and dry summers like in the Mediterranean, the occurrence of red subsoil horizons containing hematite in soils in northeastern Germany is not an indicator for tropic or Mediterranean climate conditions. Already the appearance of Fuchserden on sandy deposits from the last glaciation objects earlier theories that consider these soils as a relictic soil formation from the last interglacial or even the Palaeogene or Neogene. To characterize the genesis of the Fuchserden, we focused on four different study sites in northeastern Germany. We present our findings from soil micromorphology and the identification of the iron(hydr)oxides by FTIR. Our results give new insights on the development of the Fuchserden and the importance of lateral input of iron for their genesis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschMaatenTheunissenMaatenetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Maaten, Ernst van der and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil physics and chemistry at a medieval ridge and furrow site in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The usage of non-reversible ploughs, mainly during the Middle Ages and until historic times, led to the formation of ridge and furrow systems. Due to improvements of agricultural techniques, these historic agricultural sites were often abandoned and are now marginal land. The parallel ridges and furrows are usually, if not destroyed by later conventional ploughing, preserved in present-day forests. In northeastern Germany ridge and furrow systems are normally several decameters long and up to ten meters wide. The height difference between ridge top and furrow bottom is up to 50 centimeters and is expected to cause significant contrasts of soil properties and vegetation. Furthermore, due to the abandonment of sites with ridges and furrows, soils on these sites are unique archives for studies on fertilization, soil carbon dynamics and soil development. Therefore, we are characterizing soil physics (bulk density, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, texture) and soil chemistry (soil acidity, carbon and nitrogen content) on a type location of historic ridges and furrows about 100 km northwest of Berlin.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaabOuimetetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Soils on historic charcoal hearths - chemical properties and terminology}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-4009-1.pdf}, abstract = {Charcoal hearths are a unique archive for the long term interaction between biochar, soil development and plant growth. Charcoal as raw material was crucial for the production of iron in iron works and hence numerous charcoal hearths can be found in the forests near historic iron works in Europe as well as the Eastern United States. Charcoal hearths are round to elliptical forms often around 10 m in diameter, and consisting of a several decimeter thick layer containing charcoal fragments, ash, and burnt soil. We studied the soil chemistry of 24 charcoal hearths and compared them to the surrounding 'natural' soils in Litchfield County, Connecticut. The thickness of the organic rich horizons on the charcoal hearths and their carbon content is remarkably higher than in the surrounding topsoils. The wide distribution of charcoal hearths, their usually high quantity, and their occurrence in different ecosystems underlines their importance for further pedological research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabHirschVassermanetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Vasserman, Oleksandr and Raab, Alexandra and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Influence of relief and vegetation on soil properties in a disturbed chernozem soil landscape}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In central and southeastern Alberta, chernozems dominate the soil landscape and are divided into several groups that follow the climate gradient from Northwest to Southeast: Dark Grey Chernozems, Black Chernozems, Dark Brown Chernozems; Brown Chernozems. Principles controlling development and distribution of these chernozem subtypes along the ecotone transect are quite well known. However, intensive land use over the last century has affected soils that originally have formed under natural conditions during the Holocene in more than 10,000 years. There is a lack of knowledge regarding soil development in these landscapes on the decadal to centennial time scale. Within this time frame the most important factor of soil formation may be relief, although this has not been properly studied. This study aims to compare soil properties in a typical chernozem landscape where soils have been highly disturbed and parent materials have been re-arranged by surface coal mining.We hypothesize that within 50 years, soils develop with significant differences based on vegetation type and slope aspect. Our study site is the former Diplomat Mine near Forestburg, Alberta where spoils form a small scale ridge and graben topography. The south facing slopes of the piles are covered by grassland, whereas on the north exposition has trees and shrubs. Samples were taken from six sites with differences in topography and vegetation type. Diplomate T1 is at the top of the ridge with grassland, Diplomate S1 is on the southern slope with grassland, Diplomate N1 is on the northern slope with trees, and Diplomate N2 is on the northern slope with shrubs. For comparison we took samples from two sites without slope aspect. One site was an undisturbed grassland (Diplomate Z1) and the other sites were reclaimed piles (Diplomate R1). At each site, five soil profiles were examined and volumetrically sampled (250 cm3 steel ring) in steps of five centimeters to a depth of 30 centimeters. We present first results of basic physical and chemical soil parameters (bulk density, water content, pH, Cstock, N-stock).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Assessing the legacy effects of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Charcoal produced in kilns or hearths was an important source of energy in many regions of Europe and Northern America until the 19th century, and charcoal production in hearths is still common in many other regions of the world. The remains of charcoal hearths are therefore a widespread legacy of historic land use in forest areas. Soils on charcoal hearth sites are characterized by a technogenic layer rich in charcoal and ash on top of the soil profile, and by a pyrogenic modification of substrates below the former hearth. The aims of our study are to examine how these alterations to the natural soil profiles affect the soil water regime and other soil physical properties, and to assess the relevance of these effects on the landscape scale. We present first results of a mapping of hearth site occurrence in forest areas in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, and of a characterization of the infiltration behaviour on hearth sites as compared with undisturbed forest soils. Results of mapping small-scale relief features from LIDAR-based digital elevation models show that charcoal hearths occur in a high density in many large forest areas throughout Brandenburg. In the areas studied so far, up to almost 3\% of the soil surface were found to be affected by the remains of historic hearths. First analyses of soil physical properties indicate differences in the infiltration characteristics of hearth site soils and undisturbed forest soils: Hood infiltrometer measurements show a very high spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity for hearth site soils, and water-drop-penetration-time tests reflect extremely high hydrophobicity of the technogenic layer on the sites. Results of dye tracer experiment show considerably strong preferential flow and therefore a higher spatial variability of soil wetness below the hearth remains. Overall, our first results therefore indicate that the legacy effects of historic charcoal production might significantly affect overall site conditions in forest areas with a high density of charcoal hearth remains.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabSchneiderBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Extensive historical charcoal production in Brandenburg (Germany) - identification of potential areas by GIS analysis}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {We used a GIS analysis of environmental and historical data to identify potential areas of extensive charcoal production in Brandenburg. The analysis was based on three assumptions (i to iii). Large charcoal kiln fields can be found in areas that i) are close to historical industrial sites, ii) are close to bog iron ore deposits, and iii) have been continuously covered by forest during the last centuries. Information on theses parameters was gathered in an archive and literature study and from historical and recent maps. Areas with a high probability of kiln site occurrence were then determined using a simple binary additive model. In the last step, shaded-relief maps (SRMs) were visually checked for clearly visible kiln sites and soil properties were analysed in the determined areas. In total, eight areas with a high probability of kiln site occurrence are identified for the state of Brandenburg. By visual interpretation of SRMs, high kiln site densities in these areas are confirmed. The analysis of soil maps shows that kiln fields are predominantly located on sandy soils with a low yield potential. Although further parameters and study areas need to be considered in the model in order to explain the spatial distribution patterns of charcoal production, the results indicate correlations between the location of bog iron ore deposits, historic ironworks and charcoal kiln fields.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschWechleretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Wechler, Klaus-Peter and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Mapping a paleosurface and archaeological site location in an inland dune area in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Mapping and visualizing the position of archaeological remains in the surface relief provides important basic information for archaeological survey design and interpretation. Geomorphological processes in (pre)history can have resulted in a modification of the local relief around archaeological sites, especially in areas that are prone to sediment erosion and relocation, so that models of past surfaces are necessary for a correct interpretation of archaeological survey results. In this study, we combined terrestrial survey and remote sensing methods to reconstruct the palaeorelief around two archaeological excavation sites in an inland dune area in southern Brandenburg, Germany. Remains from two Mesolithic hunter-gatherer camps were documented in archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. To gather information on the relief of the buried soil surface, we used a combination of sedimentological and pedological profile description of archaeological survey trenches and geophysical prospection with Ground-Penetrating Radar; supplemented by microdrone photography and photogrammetry, GPS surveys and analysis of LIDAR-based elevation models. A digital elevation model of the buried surface was created by combining point data from these sources. The buried surface morphology and the position of the archeological remains within the reconstructed landscape were analyzed in GIS. The comparison of the generated paleosurface model with the recent surface elevation model shows that sand remobilization resulted in a considerable reshaping of the relief. Analysis of the buried surface model further shows that the relief position of the two archaeological sites in the study area was considerably more prominent in relation to the corresponding buried soil surface than in relation to the recent surface morphology. Results affirm the importance of considering Holocene relief modifications in archaeological surveys.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschDietrichKnoopetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Micromorphology of pelletized soil conditioners}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Soil conditioners produced by anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of organic household waste, bear the potential to improve unproductive farmland together with a reduced input risk of unwanted pollutants into the soils. Within the VeNGA project (http://www.biogas-network.de/venga), soil conditioners from anaerobically digested organic household waste are tested for their potential to increase plant growth in glasshouse and field experiments. Because the production techniques of these soil conditioners may influence their physical and chemical behaviour in the soil, two different techniques for pelletizing the soil conditioners where applied. We present findings from a pot experiment with cereal that has been sampled after two months for micromorphological analyses.We visualize the decomposition and the physical behaviour of the soil conditioners. Pellets produced in an agglomeration mixer result in dense balls, that are only slightly decomposed after the trial. But the soil conditioners created under pressure in a screw extruder are rich in voids and have the potential of retaining more soil water.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The Finow soil - a stratigraphic marker or just a pedologic horizon?}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Palaeosoils indicate periods of landscape stability, and therefore warmer periods during the cold climate conditions of the Late Pleistocene, when pedogenic processes can shape the surface. Therefore, in Late Pleistocene glacial and periglacial deposits, palaeosoils are widely used as chronostratigraphic markers. However, in contrast to limnic archives the records in terrestrial sediments are often discontinuous or ambiguous. The so called Finow soil is commonly found as 5 to 15 cm thick and fossilized horizon, characterized by brunification and the illuviation of clay in the sandy deposits of Northern Central Europe. We present a micromorpological approach together with OSL ages, that contradicts the stratigraphic potential of the Finow soil and also questions the suitability of soil horizons formed by clay illuviation as stratigraphic markers.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Late Quaternary landscape development and legacies of human-induced land use changes in Lower Lusatia, South Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {182 -- 198}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschSchneiderRaabetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David}, title = {Late Holocene biochar enrichment in soils - implications of an anthropogenic legacy for ecosystems}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {79 -- 81}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Dye tracer visualization of infiltration patterns in soils on historic charcoal hearth sites}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {150 -- 151}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschWechleretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Wechler, Klaus-Peter and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Mapping a palaeosurface and archaeological site location in an anthropogenic drift sand area}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {152 -- 154}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Assessing the legacies of historical charcoal production in Brandenburg}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {155 -- 156}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabHelleretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Heller, Sebastian and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Classification of pedogenic cementation in Podzols by pocket penetrometry}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {180}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {4}, issn = {1522-2624}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.201600395}, pages = {430 -- 435}, abstract = {According to the German Soil Taxonomy, the formation of cemented horizons in Podzols is restricted to the precipitation of iron oxides. However, in iron-poor sandy substrates, also illuviation of only organic compounds can form cemented horizons with penetration resistances of up to 14 kg cm-2. We present a reproducible field test for classifying pedogenic cementation in Podzols and suggest considering cemented horizons (Bmh and Bhm) in the upcoming edition of the Guidelines for Soil Mapping.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabOuimetetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Soils on historic charcoal hearths - terminology and chemical properties}, series = {Soil Science Society of America Journal : SSSAJ}, volume = {81}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America Journal : SSSAJ}, number = {6}, issn = {1435-0661}, doi = {10.2136/sssaj2017.02.0067}, pages = {1427 -- 1435}, abstract = {Historic charcoal hearth remains provide a unique archive of the long term interaction between biochar, soil development and plant growth. Charcoal as raw material was crucial for production of iron in iron works and hence numerous charcoal hearths can be found in the forests near historic iron works in Europe as well as the Eastern United States. Charcoal hearths are round to elliptical forms often around 10 m in diameter, and consist of several decimeter thick layers that contain charcoal fragments, ash, and burnt soil. We studied the soil chemistry of 24 charcoal hearths and compared them to the surrounding 'natural' soils in the northern Appalachians of northwestern Connecticut. The thickness of the topsoils on the charcoal hearths and their carbon content are remarkably higher than in the surrounding topsoils. The presence of residual products from charcoal production classifies the soils as Anthropic Udorthents (US Soil Taxonomy) or Spolic Technosols (Humic) according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. The widespread occurrence of charcoal hearth remains and their high spatial density in different ecosystems underlines their importance for further pedological research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabSchneiderRaabetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {The geomorphic legacy of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {4th Central European Geomorphology Conference, Bayreuth, October 9th-13th 2017}, booktitle = {4th Central European Geomorphology Conference, Bayreuth, October 9th-13th 2017}, editor = {Holzheu, Stefan and Thies, Birgit}, address = {Bayreuth}, pages = {117 -- 118}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschBauriegelBonhageetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Fuchserden in Brandenburg - Vorkommen, Mikromorphologie und Bodenchemie}, series = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, booktitle = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, publisher = {DBG}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {1}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Der Finowboden - ein lokaler Pal{\"a}oboden?}, series = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung de Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, booktitle = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung de Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, publisher = {DBG}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {1}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Bodenver{\"a}nderungen durch die historische Holzkohleproduktion in Brandenburg}, series = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, booktitle = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, publisher = {DBG}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {1}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Legacies of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Multiproxy analysis of a relict charcoal hearth field in Brandenburg (Germany)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschMaatenTheunissenMaatenetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Maaten, Ernst van der and Schneider, Marcus and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil physics and chemistry at two medieval ridge and furrow sites in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschBonhageBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Gypser, Stella}, title = {Occurrence, soil parameters and genesis of Rhodic Arenosols ('Fuchserden') in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschSchneiderBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Formation, classification and properties of soils at two relict charcoal hearth sites in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschMaatenTheunissenMaatenetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Maaten, Ernst van der and Schneider, Marcus and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Pedology and effects on vegetation at two medieval ridge and furrow sites in northeastern Germany}, series = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, editor = {Berg, Stefanie and Eckmeier, Eileen and Linzen, Sven and Werther, Lukas and Zielhofer, Christoph}, publisher = {Friedrich-Schiller-Universit{\"a}t Jena [u.a.]}, address = {Jena [u.a.]}, doi = {10.22032/dbt.34521}, pages = {S. 18}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Multiproxy analysis of a relict charcoal hearth field in Brandenburg (Germany)}, series = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, editor = {Berg, Stefanie and Eckmeier, Eileen and Linzen, Sven and Werther, Lukas and Zielhofer, Christoph}, publisher = {Friedrich-Schiller-Universit{\"a}t Jena [u.a.]}, address = {Jena [u.a.]}, doi = {10.22032/dbt.34521}, pages = {S. 27}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Relikte der historischen K{\"o}hlerei in Brandenburg}, series = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, editor = {Berg, Stefanie and Eckmeier, Eileen and Linzen, Sven and Werther, Lukas and Zielhofer, Christoph}, publisher = {Friedrich-Schiller-Universit{\"a}t Jena [u.a.]}, address = {Jena [u.a.]}, doi = {10.22032/dbt.34521}, pages = {S. 28}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschSchneiderBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Formation, Classification, and Properties of Soils at Two Relict Charcoal Hearth Sites in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {Frontiers in Environmental Science}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science}, issn = {2296-665X}, doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2018.00094}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {Historical charcoal production can have significant effects on soil properties. We studied soils at former charcoal production sites (relict charcoal hearths, RCHs) and compared these soils with undisturbed soil next to the charcoal hearths and four typical soils on similar parent material located at distances between 10 and 70 km from the RCHs. In a landscape typical of the northern German lowland, we found Podsolige Braunerde [WRB: Brunic Arenosols (Protospodic)] outside of the RCHs and soils with a clearly different stratigraphy within the RCHs. The main feature of the soils at both of the studied RCHs is a heterogeneous, charcoal-bearing deposit that is ~30 cm thick. No indications of translocation or mineral transformation processes, which form distinct soil horizons after the deposition of anthropogenic material on the RCHs, are present. Except for the differences in color and total carbon content, the soil chemistry of the RCHs hardly differs from that of the soil outside of the charcoal hearth sites. The soil colors and magnetic susceptibility values strongly suggest that the RCH substrates and the underlying topsoil were affected by thermally induced transformation of iron (hydr-)oxides. Although the charring procedure normally requires ~2 weeks, the heating effect only reaches to a maximum depth of 8 cm into the buried soil below the charcoal hearths. The presence of reddish soil and an abrupt increase in magnetic susceptibility in the upper 2 cm of the soil below the charcoal hearths indicate the heat-induced transformation of iron (hydr-)oxides into maghemite. Brighter soil color and an increase in soil organic matter (SOM) in the lower parts of the buried topsoil demonstrate the combustion of SOM up to 5 cm depth below the RCH. According to the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping, the soils in the RCHs are classified as Regosols above Braunerde [WRB: Spolic Technosols (Arenic)]. However, because the anthropogenic features of these soil sediments are disregarded in the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping, we suggest adapting the "M" horizon to permit a jM horizon. Thus, the soils in the RCHs could be classified as Kolluviale Braunerde.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Bodenkundlich-geomorphologische Untersuchung von Meilerpl{\"a}tzen um Weiherhammer}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, volume = {12}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, issn = {1617-4461}, pages = {433 -- 448}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Dye Tracer Visualization of Infiltration Patterns in Soils on Relict Charcoal Hearths}, series = {Frontiers in Environmental Sciences}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Sciences}, doi = {doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00143}, pages = {1 -- 14}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Legacies of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {Conference booklet, 5th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, 17th-20th September 2018 Newcastle and Durham, UK}, booktitle = {Conference booklet, 5th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, 17th-20th September 2018 Newcastle and Durham, UK}, pages = {S. 214}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabOuimetetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Soils on Historic Charcoal Hearths: Terminology and Chemical Properties}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {Effects of Historical Charcoal Burning on Soil Landscapes in West Connecticut, USA}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabDisteletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Distel, Henrik and Naeth, M. Anne and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Modelling Late Quaternary Soil Development Considering Slope Aspects in the Rumsey Area (Alberta, Canada)}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabHirsch, author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Towards an International Genetic Classification of Pleistocene Periglacial Slope Deposits (PPSDs)}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {The temperature regime of a charcoal-enriched land use legacy soil}, series = {Soil Science Society of America Journal}, volume = {83}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America Journal}, number = {3}, issn = {1435-0661}, doi = {10.2136/sssaj2018.12.0483}, pages = {565 -- 574}, language = {en} } @misc{DonovanSchneiderHirschetal., author = {Donovan, Sally and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Thermal conductivity of charcoal-richsoils-preliminary results from a study on relict charcoal hearth (RCH) sites from Germany and the USA}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, pages = {1}, language = {en} } @misc{DistelHirschRaabetal., author = {Distel, Henrik and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Effects of slope aspect on soil development in the Canadian prairies: a digital approach}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabDisteletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Distel, Henrik and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Dynamics of pedogenic carbonates and their relation to slope aspects in the Rumsey area (Alberta, Canada)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabHirschSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Geoecological legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning - Research questions and approaches}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil moisture monitoring on land use legacy soils - a study on relict charcoal hearth sites in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabRaabHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Aghte, Markus}, title = {Historische K{\"o}hlerei und ihre Hinterlassenschaft - Ein {\"U}berblick}, series = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, journal = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, editor = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg, Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung}, address = {Cottbus}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-4817}, pages = {1 -- 22}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Verbreitung und Eigenschaften von Meilerb{\"o}den in Brandenburg}, series = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, journal = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, editor = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus - Senftenberg, Fachgebiet Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung}, address = {Cottbus}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-4817}, pages = {23 -- 42}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabHirschRaabetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, title = {B{\"o}den historischer Landnutzung in der Niederlausitz - W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker und Kohlemeiler}, series = {Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge}, volume = {26}, journal = {Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge}, number = {1/2}, issn = {0947-1995}, pages = {5 -- 14}, abstract = {In der Niederlausitz finden sich - meist unter Kiefern- und Eichenforsten versteckt - zahlreiche Relikte der historischen Landnutzung, die bisher kaum bekannt sind. Zu den auff{\"a}lligsten Formen z{\"a}hlen W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker und Pl{\"a}tze ehemaliger Kohlemeiler. In einigen Regionen der Niederlausitz ist die Verbreitung der Landnutzungsrelikte so groß bzw. ihre Dichte so hoch, dass sie pr{\"a}gend f{\"u}r die Bodenlandschaft werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt an repr{\"a}sentativen Beispielen die charakteristischen Merkmale und Eigenschaften der B{\"o}den auf W{\"o}lb{\"a}ckern und Relikten von Holzkohlenmeilern (HKM).}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageMykhailovaHirschetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Mykhailova, Larysa and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William}, title = {FTIR-based inquiry on carbon in forest soil substrate enriched by aged biochar, West Connecticut, USA}, series = {Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweiz und der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Abstract-Band 2019}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweiz und der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Abstract-Band 2019}, pages = {S. 198}, abstract = {Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are sites of former charcoal production that are an increasingly well documented anthropogenic feature in forests of the temperate climate zone. However, the type and extent of a possible legacy effect from RCHs on soil physical and chemical properties is still largely unknown. In the Litchfield Hills in west Connecticut, RCH sites are located mainly on slopes and therefore differ in their architecture from lowland sites found in Europe. One of the striking characteristics of a RCH site regardless of its architecture is the enrichment of the soil with charcoal in varying particle sizes. In this study, we use chemical digestion coupled with a PLSR-model to quantify organic carbon and pyrogenic carbon in RCH substrate by MIR-DRIFT measurements. Furthermore, we analyse the quality of carbon compounds by MIR-DRIFT measurements on multiple grain size fractions to assess the post-burn enrichment of soil organic matter. Preliminary results show a markedly increase in organic and pyrogenic carbon in RCH substrates in relation to the natural forest soil. Also, our first results suggest that the enrichment of organic carbon is favoured on RCHsites. However, the causality between the enrichment of soil organic matter and site features remains open. Experiments using chemical extraction techniques on our samples hint at an increase of labile organic compounds and/or microbial biomass. This legacy effect of RCHs is however evident and further studies need to focus on how to address them.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderDonovanHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Donovan, Sara and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Der Einfluss von Relikten der historischen K{\"o}hlerei auf Bodentemperatur und -w{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 350}, abstract = {Die Beimengung von Holzkohle in B{\"o}den kann deutlichen Einfluss auf die physikalischen Bodeneigenschaften haben. Solche Effekte treten nicht nur in gezielt mit Holzkohle („biochar") angereicherten Ackerb{\"o}den auf, sondern auch auf den Standorten historischer Holzkohlemeiler (HKM), die in vielen Waldgebieten in großer Zahl vorkommen. Die pr{\"a}gendste Eigenschaft solcher B{\"o}den auf HKM ist eine technogene, kohlereiche Substratschicht, die {\"u}ber dem nat{\"u}rlich entwickelten Bodenprofil abgelagert ist. In j{\"u}ngster Zeitwurden in mehreren Studien ein von den umliegenden Waldb{\"o}den abweichendes Vegetationswachstum und eine abweichende C-Dynamik auf HKM festgestellt. Welche Bodeneigenschaften der HKM solche Unterschiede bewirken, ist aber noch unklar. Ein m{\"o}glicher, bisher kaum untersuchter Einflussfaktor ist die Bodentemperatur. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss von Holzkohlebeimengungen auf die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit und das Bodentemperaturregime von HKM-B{\"o}den zu charakterisieren. Untersucht wurden HKM auf sandigem Substrat in der Lausitz (Brandenburg). An zwei Standorten wurden Profile auf HKM und benachbarten Waldb{\"o}den f{\"u}r ein Monitoring der Bodentemperatur {\"u}ber jeweils ein Jahr instrumentiert, die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit von HKM-Schicht, Ah-, fAh-und Bv-Horizont wurde im Labor bestimmt. In einem Laborexperiment wurde zus{\"a}tzlich die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit von k{\"u}nstlich hergestellten Proben aus sandigem Substrat und Holzkohlefragmenten in unterschiedlichen Mischungsverh{\"a}ltnissen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutlich verringerte W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit des kohlereichen Substrats. Damit verbunden zeigen sich im Monitoring geringere Schwankungen der Bodentemperatur auf den HKM in tiefen Bereichen des Profils, in den obersten Dezimetern wurden hingegen st{\"a}rkere Schwankungen der Bodentemperatur festgestellt. Insgesamt zeigt sich damit ein noch {\"u}ber die technogene Substratschicht hinaus wirksamer Einfluss der typischen Eigenschaften des kohlereichen HKM-Substrats auf die Bodentemperatur.}, language = {de} } @misc{DietrichHirschHeinrichetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Hirsch, Florian and Heinrich, Martina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Bodenverbesserer aus Bioabfall -Potenzial aufbereiteter G{\"a}rrestprodukte aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die C-und N-Freisetzung im Boden}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 434}, abstract = {Die starke Beanspruchung unserer B{\"o}den durch intensive Landnutzung f{\"u}hrt weltweit zur stetigen Degradation der organischen Substanz in B{\"o}den, was mit einem R{\"u}ckgang des Bodenlebens und der Bodenfruchtbarkeit einhergeht. Um die Bodenfunktionen zu sch{\"u}tzen und besonders die Produktivit{\"a}t von B{\"o}den langfristig zu gew{\"a}hrleisten, bedarf es der R{\"u}ckf{\"u}hrung von organischer Substanz. Neben klassischen Strategien (Kompost/Dung/G{\"u}lle-Eintr{\"a}ge) stellen auch organische Abf{\"a}lle der Lebensmittelproduktionund -verwertung aus Industrie und privaten Haushalten einen wertvollen Rohstoff dar, der zur Anreicherung oder Wiederaufbau von Bodenhumus genutzt werden kann. Im Rahmen des von der ILB gef{\"o}rderten EFRE-StaF-Projektes G{\"a}rprodukte aus Bioabf{\"a}llen f{\"u}r die Landwirtschaft als Element einer nachhaltigen Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft und Energiebereitstellung soll das Potenzial bewertet werden, das mittels Rollagglomeration hergestellte G{\"a}rrestpellets besitzen, um Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff in B{\"o}den anreichern zu k{\"o}nnen.Dar{\"u}ber hinaus soll die Technologie der Pelletherstellung optimiert werden, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der gezielten Zugabe von organischen und mineralischen Zuschlagsstoffen liegt. Untersucht werden G{\"a}rreste aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung (Pfropfenstromfermenter) mit einer nachgelagerten Kompostierung im Labor-Technikum unter Zugabe von Zuschlagsstoffen (Melasse, Holzkohle, Bentonit, etc.) bei der Pelletierung. Das Abbauverhalten der so hergestellten G{\"a}rrestpellets im Boden wird mit Hilfe eines S{\"a}ulenversuchs unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Bodenart, Ausbringtiefe, Ausbringmenge, Boden-pH, Bodenfeuchte, Perkolationsrate, Temperatur, etc. betrachtet. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Freisetzung von Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff sowohl im Eluat als auch in der Bodenluft. Bisherige Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die G{\"a}rreste durch Pelletierung deutlich abbaustabiler werden und der Abbau der G{\"a}rrestpellets durch die Zuschlagsstoffe gezielt beeinflusst werden kann. Des Weiteren besitzen die pelletierten G{\"a}rreste verbesserte Lager-, Transport-und Applikationseigenschaften, die besonders bei der {\"o}konomischen Bewertung des Produkts sich als positiv darstellen.}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschBonhageBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Genese rubefizierter B{\"o}den in Mitteleuropa -multifaktorieller S{\"a}ulenversuch und feldbodenkundliche Kartierung}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 438}, abstract = {Rubefizierte B{\"o}den wie die f{\"u}r Nordostdeutschland beschriebenen ‚Fuchserden' (WRB: Rhodic Brunic Arenosols oder Chromic Brunic Arenosols) sind nicht nur ein lokales Ph{\"a}nomen. Auch wenn die Genese der ‚Fuchserden' bisher nicht abschließend gekl{\"a}rt ist, so widerlegt deren Vorkommen auf post-LGM zeitlichen Sedimenten eine pr{\"a}-pleistoz{\"a}ne Bodenbildung. Des Weiteren zeigen die bisherigen Untersuchungen in Nordostdeutschland und Polen, dass Fuchserden nicht durch in-situ Verwitterung entstanden sind, sondern dassdie rubefizierten Horizonte durch eine allochthone Anreicherung von Eisen entstanden sind und somit das Relief ein wesentlicher bodenbildender Faktor ist. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus scheint die Textur f{\"u}r die laterale Verlagerung bzw. Anreicherung immanent f{\"u}r die Genese der Fuchserden zu sein, da rubefizierte Horizonte zumindest auf den untersuchten Standorten in Nordostdeutschland bisher ausschließlich auf sandigem Substrat anzutreffen sind. Um die f{\"u}r die Genese der Fuchserden relevanten physiogeographischen und pedochemischen Parameter zu identifizieren, soll mittels einer Kombination aus feldbodenkundlicher Kartierung und nachgestellten S{\"a}ulenversuchen im Labor die Bildung von Fuchserden unter kontrollierten Bedingungen untersucht werden. Hierf{\"u}r werden neben bekannten Profilen bisher nicht weiter beschriebene Standorte mit Fuchserden feldbodenkundlich aufgenommen, um eine gr{\"o}ßere Breite naturr{\"a}umlicher Daten bzw. verschiedener Entstehungsbedingungen zu erhalten. Varianten mit unterschiedlichen physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Ausgangssubstraten sowie Reliefpositionen bilden die Basis f{\"u}r einen mehrfaktoriellen S{\"a}ulenversuch, der unter naturnahen Bedingungen in der Klimakammer stattfindet. Derzeit laufende Vorversuche zeigen, dass eine Ausf{\"a}llung r{\"o}tlicher Eisenoxiden aus eisenhaltigen L{\"o}sungen im Kapillarbereich sandiger Substrate bereits innerhalb weniger Wochen stattfindet und die Entstehung von rubefizierten Horizonten in Fuchserden m{\"o}glicherweise durch die Anlieferung eisenhaltiger L{\"o}sungen limitiert ist.}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Aged biochar enriched substrate increases SOM stocks of forest soils in the North German Lowland}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 502}, abstract = {Recentfindings of more than 4000 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) in the forest district Tauer (Brandenburg, Germany) raise the question to what extent soil properties are controlled by a legacy effect of historical charcoal burning. RCH sites are characterized bya substantial admixture of charcoal fragments of varying particle sizes constituting an anthropogenic addition of carbon to the natural forest soil. Ages of about 250 years proven by dendrochronological dating of larger charcoal pieces on RCHs allow for assessing long-term effects of biochar application on forest soils. In this study, we measured the geometry and SOM content of 20 RCH sites in a selected part of the forest district. The results are the basis for a projection of RCH SOM stocks on a 40 ha forest plot with 120 RCH sites. In the range of statistical uncertainties it is shown that RCHs add between 13 \% and 32 \% of SOM to the SOM stock of the natural forest soil in the studied plot. These substantial amounts of SOM are so far not recognized by any soil survey or forest soil inventories of SOM and SOC stocks. In light of an increasing amount of studies that detect RCH sites in forests of Europe and the USA in the range of tens-and even hundreds of thousands, the question has to be asked how to address this legacy effect in ongoing scientific discussions about soil carbon stocks, carbon sequestration and the long-term effects of biochar application into soils.}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Donovan, Sally}, title = {Long term anthropogenic enrichment of soil organic matter stocks in forest soils - detecting a legacy of historical charcoal production}, series = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {459}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, issn = {0378-1127}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117814}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Recent findings of several thousand relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) in the Tauer Forest (Brandenburg, Germany) raise questions about the legacy effects of historical charcoal production on soil properties. RCH sites are characterized by the admixture of charcoal fragments to the natural forest soil, constituting an anthropogenic addition of carbon. Dendrochronological dating of large charcoal pieces has identified RCH ages ranging from 1709 AD to 1823 AD for a subarea in the Tauer Forest, which allows for assessing century old effects of charcoal application on forest soils. We measured the geometry and soil organic matter (SOM) content of 20 RCH sites in a selected part of the forest. The results provide a basis for estimating RCH SOM stocks on a 40-ha forest plot with 120 RCH sites. We also assessed the accuracy of RCH mapping based on digital elevation models (DEMs) with results from a ground survey. Over 50 \% of sites were not detected by the DEM-based mapping. In the range of statistical uncertainties, RCHs add between 18 \% and 32 \% of SOM to the stock of the natural forest soil in the study area. This equals an additional 4.9 - 8.9 Mg of carbon per hectare of forest soil. These substantial amounts of SOM are so far not recognized by any survey or forest soil SOM inventories. Considering recent studies, which uncovered tens- and hundreds- of thousands of RCHs throughout Europe and the USA, we conclude that further knowledge of RCH SOM is important for quantifying anthropogenic SOM stocks on a global scale.}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageHirschRaabetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William}, title = {Characteristics of small anthropogenic landforms resulting from historical charcoal production in western Connecticut, USA}, series = {Catena}, volume = {195}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.104896}, pages = {14}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The soil moisture regime of charcoal-enriched land use legacy sites}, series = {Geoderma}, volume = {366}, journal = {Geoderma}, issn = {0016-7061}, doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114241}, pages = {15}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderBonhageRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Large-scale mapping of anthropogenic relief features—legacies of past forest use in two historical charcoal production areas in Germany}, series = {Geoarchaeology}, volume = {35}, journal = {Geoarchaeology}, number = {4}, issn = {1520-6548}, doi = {10.1002/gea.21782}, pages = {545 -- 561}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneiderBonhageetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas}, title = {An initiative for a morphologic-genetic catalog of relict charcoal hearths from Central Europe}, series = {Geoarchaeology}, volume = {35}, journal = {Geoarchaeology}, number = {6}, issn = {1520-6548}, doi = {10.1002/gea.21799}, pages = {974 -- 983}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanRaabHirsch, author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Distribution of silty mantles in soils of the Northcentral Appalachians, USA}, series = {Catena}, volume = {194}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.104701}, pages = {15}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageHirschRaabetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William}, title = {Stratigraphy and shape of relict charcoal hearths in Connecticut, USA}, series = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, journal = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, address = {Cottbus}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5363}, pages = {29}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna}, title = {Fingerprints from past charcoal burning - lessons learned and future perspective studying Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCH)}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2949}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The temperature and moisture regime of charcoal-enriched land use legacy soils}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2339}, language = {en} } @misc{KlosSutLohmannRaabetal., author = {Klos, Friederike and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Innovative Drone-based Hyperspectral Detection of Heavy Metals (Ni, Zn, and Cu) in Plants cultivated for Phytomining}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9370}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschMatvejevaDietrichetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Matvejeva, Agne and Dietrich, Nils and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Cultivation of industrial hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19138}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanRaabHirsch, author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {The presence of silty mantles in Northcentral Appalachian, USA soils and their relevance to pedology}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5661}, language = {en} } @misc{DietrichWilkinsonHirschetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Wilkinson, Daniel and Hirsch, Florian and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Geschke, Antonia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Microplastics and earthworms in soils: A case study on translocation, toxicity and fate}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7430}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Relikte historischer Kohlenmeier ini der Oberpfalz - Verbreitung und Erhaltung in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Naturraum}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, number = {13}, issn = {1617-4461}, pages = {531 -- 546}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschRaabBłaszkiewicz, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław}, title = {Evidence for an alternative concept of the Finow soil formation}, series = {Catena}, volume = {198}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0008-7769}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.105064}, pages = {14}, language = {en} } @book{HirschRaabRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Landnutzungsgeschichte in der Niederlausitz und im Erzgebirge}, publisher = {Brandenburg University of Technology}, address = {Cottbus ; Senftenberg}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5388}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-53887}, pages = {101}, abstract = {In diesem Band sind verschiedene Beitr{\"a}ge zur Landnutzungsgeschichte in der Niederlausitz und im Erzgebirge zusammengefasst. Die ersten vier Beitr{\"a}ge befassen sich mit historischen Ackerfluren und W{\"o}lb{\"a}ckern in der Niederlausitz. Arch{\"a}ologische Untersuchungen, in Kontext gestellt mit archivalischen Quellen und historischen Karten, geben gemeinsam mit dem Einsatz naturwissenschaftlicher Methoden und Visualisierungen hochaufl{\"o}sender LiDAR-Daten neue Einblicke in die ehemalige Landnutzung. Der f{\"u}nfte Beitrag aus dem Erzgebirge beschreibt die Nutzung von ehemaligen Meilerpl{\"a}tzen als Quellengattung der Montanarch{\"a}ologie.}, language = {de} } @misc{DrohanBayuzickDiefenbachetal., author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Bayuzick, Samuel and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Northern Appalachian, USA relic charcoal hearths and their unique Ecological Fingerprint}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13618}, language = {en} } @misc{BayuzickDrohanRaabetal., author = {Bayuzick, Samuel and Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and McDill, Marc and Diefenbach, Duane}, title = {Relic charcoal hearths geomorphology and hydrology in mid-Appalachian region of Pennsylvania}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6243}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageBayuzickDrohanetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Bayuzick, Samuel and Drohan, Patrick J. and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Relict charcoal hearth landscape and soil profile characteristics surrounding a mid-19th century Appalachian iron furnace}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5691}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderBonhageHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Accumulation patterns of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal burning}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5161}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderBonhageHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Hot spots and hot zones of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal production}, series = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {504}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, issn = {1872-7042}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119846}, abstract = {Human land use often leads to distinct modifications of soils within small, clearly delimited areas. Legacy effects of past land use are also abundant in recent forest areas, but are hardly considered in ecosystem assessment and soil mapping. The soils on relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are a widespread example for such land use legacy soils in forests. Soils on RCHs differ clearly from surrounding forest soils in their stratigraphy and properties, and are most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer with high contents of charcoal and thus soil organic matter (SOM). Although RCH soils can clearly contribute to the SOM stocks of forest soils, their relevance on the landscape scale has hardly been quantified. In this paper we analyze and discuss the distribution and effects of RCH soils across scales for forests in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, with a focus on SOM stocks. Our analysis is based on a large-scale mapping of RCHs from digital elevation models (DEMs), combined with a linear regression model of SOM stocks in RCH soils. The spatial distribution of RCH soils in the study region has a scale dependent heterogeneity. The large-scale variation in site densities is related to the concentration of charcoal production to specific forest areas while the small-scale variation is related to the irregular distribution of single RCHs within the charcoal production fields. Up to 1.5 \% of the surface are covered by RCH soils in the forest areas within the study region. The results also show that RCHs can significantly contribute to the SOM stocks of forests, even where they cover only a small fraction of the soil surface, with up to 18 \% additional SOM for forest areas. Because of the heterogeneous distribution of RCHs, the SOM stock additions depend on the scale of observation. Our results suggest that RCH SOM additions can be overestimated when sites in small areas (< 1 km²) are analyzed; and that characteristic spatial concentration patterns of RCHs are even observable when values are aggregated to large areas (25 km² and more). Aggregating effects to irregularly-sized forest administrative units resulted in maps that well represent the spatial distribution of RCH soils and SOM. The study highlights that considering land use legacy effects can be relevant for the results of soil mapping and inventories; and that prospecting and mapping land use legacies from DEMs can contribute to improving such approaches.}, language = {en} } @book{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Aghte, Markus and Pommerenke, Alf}, title = {Historische K{\"o}hlerei in S{\"u}dbrandenburg - Begleitband zum K{\"o}hlerpfad Waldschule Kleinsee}, editor = {Raab, Thomas}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus - Senftenberg, Fachgebiet Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung}, address = {Cottbus}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5488}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-54883}, pages = {68}, language = {de} } @incollection{RaabHirschSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Geo{\"o}kologische Folgen historischer Landnutzung}, series = {Geoarch{\"a}ologie}, booktitle = {Geoarch{\"a}ologie}, editor = {Stolz, Christian and Miller, Christopher E.}, publisher = {Springer Spektrum}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-62774-7_8}, pages = {71 -- 77}, abstract = {Seit dem Neolithikum wirkt sich die Nutzung der Landschaft auf unterschiedliche Weise auf Relief, B{\"o}den, Gew{\"a}sser, Flora, Fauna und Klima aus. Insbesondere die Folgen land- und forstwirtschaftlicher Wirtschaftsweisen waren daf{\"u}r ausschlaggebend. Grunds{\"a}tzlich reagieren {\"O}kosysteme auf anthropogene Eingriffe, wie die Umwandlung von Wald in andere Nutzungsformen, mit einer schrittweisen Degradation sowie reversiblen oder irreversiblen Ver{\"a}nderungen. Beispiele sind Bodenerosion und eine ver{\"a}nderte Artenzusammensetzung. Die Absch{\"a}tzung des Ausmaßes im globalen Maßstab gestaltet sich generell schwierig. F{\"u}r die Geoarch{\"a}ologie bedeutsam sind daher haupts{\"a}chlich lokale Spuren fr{\"u}herer Bewirtschaftung und Formen im Kleinrelief, die sich im Gel{\"a}nde wiederfinden lassen und als Geoarchive fungieren. Denn sie geben Aufschluss {\"u}ber (pr{\"a}-)historische Bewirtschaftungsformen. So zeugen W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker, Hochbeete, Plaggenesche und die Relikte der historischen Teichwirtschaft, Moorkultivierung und K{\"o}hlerei von fr{\"u}heren Formen der Land- und Forstwirtschaft.}, language = {de} } @misc{BurasHirschSchneideretal., author = {Buras, Allan and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Scharnweber, Tobias and Maaten, Ernst van der and Cruz-Garc{\´i}a, Roberto and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin}, title = {Reduced above-ground growth and wood density but increased wood chemical concentrations of Scots pine on relict charcoal hearths}, series = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {717}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, issn = {1879-1026}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137189}, abstract = {Deciphering the drivers of tree growth is a central aim of dendroecology. In this context, soil conditions may play a crucial role, since they determine the availability of water and nutrients for trees. Yet, effects of systematically differing soil conditions on tree growth render a marginally studied topic. In this context, relict charcoal hearths (RCH) - a widespread legacy of anthropogenic charcoal production - render a valuable 'natural' experiment to study possible effects of artificially altered soil conditions on tree growth. We hypothesize, that the differing physico-chemical properties of RCH result in differing wood properties if compared to trees growing on unmodified soils. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed tree-growth, wood density, and wood elemental concentrations of Scots pine as well as physico-chemical soil properties. We applied a classic control-treatment design to compare RCH with unmodified soils. Our analyses identified significantly lower above-ground wood production but systematically higher wood elemental concentrations in RCH-trees compared to control trees. Since we could not identify treatment-specific growth patterns, we hypothesize the observed lower above-ground productivity of Scots pine to indicate an increased root-shoot ratio to compensate for a potentially lower plant water availability on RCH-sites. The observed higher wood elemental concentrations likely reflect higher soil elemental concentrations of Fe, Ca, K, and Mn in RCH soils. In conclusion, our study highlights diverse effects of RCH on tree growth and wood properties and strengthens the value of dendro-chemistry to use the tree-ring archive as proxy for soil conditions within a dendro-ecological context.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Birkhofer, Klaus and Drohan, Patrick J. and Wilmking, Martin and Kreyling, J{\"u}rgen and Malik, Ireneusz and Wistuba, Małgorzata and Maaten, Ernst van der and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Urich, Tim}, title = {Do small landforms have large effects? A review on the legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {413}, journal = {Geomorphology}, issn = {0169-555X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108332}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are small, anthropogenic landforms resulting from past charcoal burning and reaching significant land coverage in pre-industrial mining areas. We review three coupled legacies linked by RCH development: (i) a landscape-scale geomorphic effect, (ii) a unique soil fingerprint, and (iii) an evolving novel ecosystem. The history and technique of charcoal production are described to clarify legacy effects. Applying a recently presented morpho-genetic catalogue is useful for classified mapping of RCH findings. The RCH numbers and calculated RCH densities per study region vary greatly and impose uncertainties due to insufficient methods causing over- or underestimations. Areas with high RCH densities between 50 and 500 RCH/km2 seem reasonable. Machine learning-based remote sensing techniques are promising approaches with which to better assess the full scale of charcoal burning legacies. RCH soil properties feature dark charcoal-rich technogenic substrate layers classified as Auh horizons according to the World Reference Base with significantly increased C contents. These Auh horizons can also exhibit specific physical and chemical properties, such as relatively low bulk density, high porosity, high plant available water content, low thermal conductivity and differences in cation exchange capacity or nutrient status. However, relevant studies are rare, and thus, the effects may differ by study region. Regarding vegetation, there seem to be four main effects: changes in forest structure, species composition, recruitment pattern and productivity. The number of studies on this issue is, however, also very limited. Even fewer studies have examined the soil fauna in RCHs; thus, the reported effects cannot be used to draw general conclusions. Notably, RCH research has made considerable progress in the last five years, especially in the Light Detection and Ranging-based mapping of these small landforms and identification of RCH-specific soil properties, but ecological legacies are not well understood; thus, more interdisciplinary and integrative studies are needed.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabRaabetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Marcus and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Quaternary and geoarcheology in Lower Lusatia}, series = {DEUQUA Special Publications}, volume = {4}, journal = {DEUQUA Special Publications}, issn = {2625-8137}, doi = {10.5194/deuquasp-4-59-2022}, pages = {59 -- 71}, abstract = {Open-cast lignite mines in Lower Lusatia provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes in the Northern European Lowland and improve our understanding of Quaternary landscape dynamics. The excursion will focus on soils and sediments of Late Pleistocene and Holocene age that have been modified by land use since the Slavic Middle Ages. In the vicinity of the open-cast mine J{\"a}nschwalde and in the Tauer forest north of Cottbus characteristic remains of historical charcoal production, a ridge-and-furrow system and late Quaternary rubification in soils are presented.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HirschRaabSchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Marcus and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Landschaftsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen am Eilenzfließ bei Taubendorf}, series = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier : 2015/2016}, booktitle = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier : 2015/2016}, editor = {Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgisches Landesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Landesmuseum}, address = {W{\"u}nsdorf}, isbn = {978-3-910011-87-8}, pages = {199 -- 204}, language = {de} } @misc{BayuzickGuarinBonhageetal., author = {Bayuzick, Samuel and Guarin, Daniel and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc and Raab, Thomas and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {Small anthropogenic landforms from past charcoal production control moisture dynamics and chemistry in northcentral Appalachian soils}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {415}, journal = {Geomorphology}, issn = {1872-695X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108379}, pages = {1 -- 11}, abstract = {Throughout the northeastern United States (U.S.) and Europe, relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are regularly being discovered in proximity to furnaces once used for the extraction of metal from ore or quick-lime production; charcoal produced in hearths was used as a furnace fuel. Given previous research has shown that topographic and subsurface disturbance can be great when a hearth is constructed, we hypothesize that hearth construction alters surface hydrology and soil chemistry in environments in and near hearths. We used a landscape classification process to identify 6758 hearths near furnaces at Greenwood and Pine Grove Furnace State Park, central and southcentral Pennsylvania, U.S. Two types of digital elevation model wetness indexes were used to quantify surface hydrology effects in and around hearths. Modeled wetness conditions were compared to field soil volumetric water content in RCHs near Greenwood Furnace State Park. Modeled wetness indexes indicate that RCH interiors are significantly wetter than RCH rim areas; RCHs are acting as a landscape moisture sink. Results also indicate that RCHs on slopes result in downslope drier conditions below RCHs. Field measured volumetric water content indicates that as distance from the center of the hearth increases, soil moisture significantly decreases. Geomorphic position was found to not be related to RCH wetness. Soil from RCHs, compared to nearby native soils, has significantly higher total C, a lower Mehlich 3 extractable acidity, higher Ca and P. No trend was evident with RCH soil chemistry and geomorphic position. The high frequency of RCH occurrence, in proximity to the furnace's RCHs supported, suggests that RCHs today could locally be an important niche for understory flora and fauna. Further research could explore how RCHs might be affecting surrounding plant populations and how within RCH patterns, especially on hillslopes, might represent a distinctly different scale of physical and chemical variability.}, language = {en} } @misc{BayuzickGuarinBenavidesetal., author = {Bayuzick, Samuel and Guarin, Daniel and Benavides, Jhony and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc and Raab, Thomas and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {422}, journal = {Geomorphology}, issn = {1872-695X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108525}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {Hearths used for 19th and 20th century charcoal manufacturing have been found to have unique plant communities or to produce unique growth characteristics for some species but not others. Given known differences in hearth morphology, within hearth physical and chemical differences may exist and result in unique ecologic niches. We examined soil stratigraphy across 8 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) and control soils on different landforms near a 19th century furnace complex (Greenwood Furnace, northcentral Appalachians USA). Soils were analyzed for particle size, total and trace elements, and fertility. Platform creation resulted in soils from upslope RCH positions mixed with subsurface materials on the downslope side to create a stabilized platform. The thin, uniform thickness of charcoal surface horizons (Ac) indicate that RCHs were not used more than once for charcoal manufacturing or that charcoal was always removed very efficiently. While rubification of soil or rock from high heat was seen in 6 of 8 sites sampled, it was not extensive across sampled areas of any one hearth, which indicate hearth use may not be frequent, hot enough, or spatially disparate. Soil fertility characteristics change within RCHs but also by landscape position. Downslope RCH positions are enriched in some parameters compared to control soils (total C, Mehlich 3 Mg, Ca, and Aquia Regia digestion Mn) and that enrichment often is from the surface downward. Downslope enrichment within RCH soils may have occurred from charcoal and released ions, slope erosion and accumulation, or transportation of constructed materials during RCH creation. Landscape position may accentuate or mute soil chemistry differences. Greenwood Furnace RCHs have unique patterns of chemistry, which could result in unique niches for flora and maybe fauna within RCH. Future research could more closely investigate whether hearths support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today's forest biodiversity.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneiderMaatenTheunissenetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Maaten, Ernst van der and R{\"a}biger, Christin and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil properties and tree growth at medieval ridge and furrow sites in Brandenburg, northeastern Germany}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {186}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {4}, issn = {1436-8730}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.202200345}, pages = {417 -- 427}, abstract = {Background Ridge and furrow (RIFU) systems and associated soils are a widespread legacy of medieval agriculture, are archives of historical land use, and might affect recent ecosystems. Open questions about RIFU formation and potential legacy effects still exist, especially related to physical soil properties. Aims Our aims were (1) to characterize the soil properties of RIFU soils and (2) to compare the drought sensitivity and the growth resistance in extremely dry years of trees growing on ridges and furrows, respectively. Methods We studied soil physical (bulk density, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, and texture) and chemical (soil pH, soil organic matter, and nitrogen content) properties and the climate sensitivity of tree growth on RIFU systems for three study sites in Prignitz, Germany. Results RIFU systems showed a high spatial heterogeneity of soil stratigraphy due to ridge construction and increased accumulation of soil moisture and organic matter in furrows due to post-abandonment pedogenesis. Slight spatial differences in soil physical properties were found, with increased air capacity in ridge soils and higher available water contents in furrow soils. No differences in drought sensitivity were observed for trees growing on ridges and furrows, except for a wet site, where trees in furrows showed a higher sensitivity. Resistance in dry years tended to be similar or increase from furrows to ridges. Conclusions The results reflect a spatial differentiation of stratigraphy and post-abandonment pedogenesis on abandoned RIFU systems and suggest an adaption to different moisture conditions through RIFU construction. Differences in drought sensitivity of tree growth with relative land surface could only be detected for one of the three sites, where trees were found to be less drought sensitive on ridges.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderTaklaRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Towards an inventory of historic charcoal production fields in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabBonhageSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Heußner, Karl-Uwe and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Spatial distribution of relict charcoal hearths in the former royal forest district Tauer (SE Brandenburg, Germany)}, series = {Quaternary International}, volume = {Vol. 511}, journal = {Quaternary International}, issn = {1040-6182}, doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2017.07.022}, pages = {153 -- 165}, abstract = {Historical charcoal production has long been an unconsidered type of forest utilization in lowland areas. The archaeological discovery of a large charcoal burning area in the forefield of the active opencast lignite mine J€anschwalde in SE Brandenburg (North German Lowlands) has highlighted the need for multidisciplinary research in the study of the dimensions of historical charcoal burning. The charcoal produced in our study area, the former royal forest district Tauer, provided energy for the nearby Peitz ironworks during its operation from the mid-16th to the mid-19th century. Here, we aimed to record the amount, size and distribution of relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) to examine their context with respect to the ironworks and to better understand the potential impacts on late Quaternary landscape change. The applied methods combined archaeological research with shaded-relief mapping of RCHs. To evaluate the detection success of RCHs in the shaded-relief maps (SRMs), we compared the results with the results from specific archaeological surveys and conventional forest site mapping. Furthermore, we analyzed our dataset with descriptive, comparable and spatial statistics. Additionally, dendrochronological dating of charcoal fragments from selected RCHs was used to investigate the temporal relationships among the RCHs. Approximately 6000 circular RCHs were manually digitally identified in the SRMs of the 109-km2 evaluable area. However, ground truthing showed that the shaded-relief maps could not completely capture all RCHs in our study area due to local conditions. At the regional scale, two focus areas with high RCH site densities were found. Statistical analysis revealed that the diameters of the RCHs range widely from 4 to 30.5 m. Spatial statistics were applied to the RCH diameters to aggregate areas with larger or smaller RCHs. At the small scale, no systematic arrangement of RCHs was obvious in the SRMs. Dendrochronological dating of selected RCHs lying close together could not detect significant spatiotemporal relationships or patterns. The dating results also showed that some areas have been preferentially used for charcoal production for over 300 years. Due to the homogeneity of the physiogeographical location factors, we assume that these factors are not superficially responsible for site selection. Instead, economic location factors and contemporary regulations are more likely responsible for the distribution of RCHs.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschWechleretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Wechler, Klaus-Peter and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Reconstruction of a Paleosurface and Archaeological Site Location in an Anthropogenic Drift Sand Area}, series = {Archaeological Prospection}, volume = {24}, journal = {Archaeological Prospection}, number = {4}, issn = {1099-0763}, doi = {10.1002/arp.1571}, pages = {297 -- 310}, abstract = {Knowledge of the position of archaeological remains in the surface relief provides important basic information for archaeological survey design and interpretation. Geomorphological processes in (pre)history may have resulted in a modification of the local relief around archaeological sites, especially in areas that are prone to sediment erosion and relocation, such as sheet sand and dune landscapes. In this study, we reconstructed and analysed the palaeorelief of an archaeological excavation site in an inland dune area in southern Brandenburg, Germany. The remains of two Mesolithic sites were documented in the archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. To gather information on the relief of the buried soil surface, we used a combination of sedimentological and pedological profile descriptions along archaeological survey trenches and geophysical prospection with ground penetrating radar supplemented with microdrone photography and photogrammetry, global positioning system (GPS) surveys, and analysis of LiDAR-based elevation models. A digital elevation model of the buried surface was generated and analysed using a geographical information system (GIS). A comparison of the palaeosurface model with the recent surface elevation model shows that sand remobilization resulted in a considerable reshaping of the relief. Further, an analysis of the buried surface model shows that the relief position of the two archaeological sites in the study area was considerably more prominent in relation to the corresponding buried soil surface than in relation to the recent surface morphology. The results affirm the significance of Holocene sediment relocation for the local surface morphology and the importance of considering such relief modifications in archaeological surveys.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabHirschOuimetetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Ouimet, William and Johnson, Katharine M. and Dethier, David and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Architecture of relict charcoal hearths in northwestern Connecticut, USA}, series = {Geoarchaeology}, volume = {32}, journal = {Geoarchaeology}, number = {4}, issn = {1520-6548}, doi = {10.1002/gea.21614}, pages = {502 -- 510}, abstract = {Relict charcoal hearths are round or elliptical earthen platforms up to 11 m in diameter and a widespread feature of historical industry that supplied charcoal used in the production of iron in furnaces or smelters. The iron industry dominated Litchfield County, Connecticut, and surrounding areas in the northeastUnited States throughout the 19th century, peaking in ∼1850. The large number of charcoal hearths in this region is a relic of >150 years of widespread iron production. In this study, we describe the architecture and soil stratigraphy of 26 charcoal hearths in Litchfield County. This contribution aims to (1) compare soils that comprise the charcoal hearths with "natural" adjacent soils, (2) measure the thickness of topsoil developed upon the hearths, and (3) characterize the stratigraphy associated with these features. Results indicate that the black topsoils overlying the charcoal hearths contain residual charcoal and are on average 2.6 times thicker than adjacentCambisols. Charcoal hearths display two ormore black, charcoal-rich strata separated by layers of reddish-brown soil low in charcoal content indicating multiple episodes of use.We also find that many charcoal hearths have been stabilized with boulders on the downslope side during construction and repeated use.Overall, the results presented here provide significant information regarding the construction, use, and associated impacts of earthen platforms for charcoal production in the northeastUnited States, with further relevance to other areas where historical charcoal production occurred.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabNicolayetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Nicolay, Alexander and Takla, Melanie and Hirsch, Florian and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Opencast mines in South Brandenburg (Germany) - archives of Late Quaternary landscape development and human-induced land use changes}, series = {Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences}, volume = {8}, journal = {Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences}, number = {3}, issn = {1866-9565}, doi = {10.1007/s12520-015-0227-6}, pages = {453 -- 466}, abstract = {This study outlines the opportunities for geoarchaeological research in active opencast lignite mines in southern Brandenburg (Germany). Studies on extensive outcrops that address both archaeology and soil geomorphology, combined with a geographical information system (GIS) approach, provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes in Lower Lusatia and generally improve our understanding of landscape dynamics. We present the most recent results from three case studies and review important findings from the last several years. Studies conducted in opencast mines of Cottbus-Nord and J{\"a}nschwalde focus on (i) Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil development and (ii) past land use and the legacy of agriculture and woodland use. Our results are similar to those in other regions in Central Europe, but we also observe regional differences caused by the local setting, e.g. intensification of soil erosion coinciding with the expansion of farming of cultivated lands in the Slavic Middle Ages. Our research reveals the largest archaeologically investigated area of historical charcoal production in the Northern European Lowland (NEL). We are clearly only beginning to understand the massive dimensions of charcoal production in the region.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderBonhageHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Spatial and temporal variability of soil physical properties on legacies of historic charcoal production}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The spatial variability of soil physical properties on the landscape scale is often increased by anthropogenic land occupation, not only by current land use but also through the legacies of past land use systems. The remains of historic charcoal hearts are an example for such a disturbance of the soil landscape by former forestry. Such relict charcoal hearths (RCH) exhibit a clearly altered soil stratigraphy, most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer on the soil surface, and their soil physical properties can considerably differ from those of surrounding forest soils. The aim of our study is to characterize the soil water and temperature regime on RHC in a pre-industrial charcoal production area in Brandenburg, Germany, as compared with the surrounding sandy forest soils. Soil properties were analyzed in profiles on and around hearth sites and are monitored in a sensor transect equipped with soil moisture sensors and pF-meters. Results of soil sample analyses show differences in density and porosity between the RCH soils and surrounding forest soils, not only in the technogenic layer but also in the buried soil layers on hearth sites. The soil water characteristic curves determined in the laboratory indicate a modified pore size distribution and lower plant available water contents in the RCH soils. Preliminary results of the ongoing soil water monitoring, however, show increased soil wetness in the RCH soils, along with lower soil moisture tensions. Furthermore, the measurements show higher variations of soil temperature in RCH soils. The results affirm that the legacies of historic charcoal production can increase the spatial variability of soil physical properties and therefore also of ecological site conditions in forest areas. The results of soil moisture monitoring suggest that a determination of soil physical parameters in the laboratory is not sufficient to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of the soil water regime.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Bonhage, Alexander and M{\"u}ller, Frank and Heußner, Karl-Uwe and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Reconstructing anthropogenic landscape transformation in the surroundings of the ironwork Peitz (SE Brandenburg, Germany) - 16th to mid-19th centuries}, series = {4th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, Uppsala, 22nd - 25th August 2016}, booktitle = {4th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, Uppsala, 22nd - 25th August 2016}, publisher = {Department of archaeology and ancient history, Uppsala university,}, address = {Uppsala}, pages = {S. 152}, abstract = {Various sources provide information about land use history and landscape transformation. For a variety of reasons, the quality of information differs and is often discontinuous or incomplete. In this interdisciplinary study we take advantage of comprehensive archaeological data gathered by large-scale excavations that were necessary because of opencast lignite mining in Lusatia, Brandenburg, Germany. By using a GIS we integrate these archaeological findings with results from archival and literature studies, from historical maps, from landforms and soils as well as from analyses of shaded-relief maps derived from up-to-date LiDAR data. The long-term aim is to develop a palaeoenvironmental model and thus to reconstruct landscape changes caused by human activities. The focus of the study is the Peitz ironwork in SE Brandenburg, which was a large consumer of commodities for about 300 years. During the time it operated, extensive transformations are supposed to have affected the landscape in the vicinity because of wood consumption and especially charcoal production. Digital datasets about forested areas for different timespans reconstructed from historical maps were made available. In combination with dendrochronological dating of charred trees, the spatiotemporal dimension of charcoal kilns was determined. Also, sites of former bog iron ore mining could be identified. Moreover, the different sources contain further information about other forms of land uses such as agriculture, pastoralism and even viticulture. In conclusion we can highlight that the mosaic of past land use systems is different from the modern structure but that major changes in the forests have been retained.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabNaethHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Naeth, M. Anne and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Contributing towards a conceptual model of soil-landscape co-evolution: observations from historic mining sites in Alberta, Canada}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {At the former Diplomat Mine near Forestburg, Alberta, Canada we find a diverse soil landscape which can help to conceptualize factors and processes controlling initial pedogenesis and soil distribution on very young landforms in prairie environments. Due to differing reclamation practices in the 1950s and landslides occurring after spoil dumping, four areas can be distinguished by GoogleMaps/LiDAR evaluation and onsite field survey: (i) not-mined, (ii) stock piled and unreclaimed, (iii) stock piled and reclaimed and (iv) affected by post-mining geomorphodynamics and quasi-natural redeposition. The parent material for areas (ii) to (iv) was initially dumped by spreaders but only (ii) didn't undergo further change. Landscape (iii) has seen levelling of the piles by heavy machinery. Features of landscape (iv) are formed by reshaping the originally dumped and levelled structures. This last landscape unit marks the rim of the former mine adjacent to the river valley. In practice, mining activities formed new valley slopes. In contrast to the naturally developed slopes the mine slopes were less stable. Vegetation, which could have hindered slope wash erosion, was missing after dumping the spoil slopes. Slopes were very steep (or practically undercut) and therefore, substrates were naturally re-located by mass movements such as sliding and slumping. Characteristic sliding and slumping structures can be identified in the close-ups of the LiDAR images. Both processes, mass movement and slope wash erosion, may have overlapped. Landscape (ii) is the most contrasting one. Dumped stock piles formed elongated, curved and steep ridges. These landforms do not have a natural analogue but clearly show their technological origin. Most interesting are differences in vegetation. South and southwest facing slopes are covered with grassland whereas north and northeast facing slopes are covered with aspen trees. Some of the ditches are filled with water and form small elongated ponds. The characteristic geomorphology of the prairie can be found in landscape (i). Distinct differences are found in properties and types of soils in these four landscapes. Natural soils and pile soils characteristically differ in parent material and soil horizons. No information is gathered yet for the reclaimed soils and the landslides soils due to prohibited access. However, based on what we find at the former Diplomat Mine we can conclude that distribution, development and properties of unreclaimed soils in historical open cast mines in Alberta are primarily controlled by parent material and topography. The geomorphological set-up is dominating the trajectory of vegetation development and post-mining geomorphodynamics. Contrasting slope aspects determine micro climatic conditions and lead to different vegetation types. This has likely had an effect on soil development and soil properties (especially carbon stocks). Further studies will be conducted to quantify these differing soil properties to refine this conceptual model of initial pedogenesis and soil distribution on very young landforms in the prairie landscapes.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschSchneiderNicolayetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Nicolay, Alexander and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Quaternary landscape development at the margin of the Pomeranian phase (MIS 2) near Lake Wygonin (Northern Poland)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} }