@misc{HirschMatvejevaDietrichetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Matvejeva, Agne and Dietrich, Nils and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Cultivation of industrial hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19138}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanRaabHirsch, author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {The presence of silty mantles in Northcentral Appalachian, USA soils and their relevance to pedology}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5661}, language = {en} } @misc{DietrichWilkinsonHirschetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Wilkinson, Daniel and Hirsch, Florian and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Geschke, Antonia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Microplastics and earthworms in soils: A case study on translocation, toxicity and fate}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7430}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Relikte historischer Kohlenmeier ini der Oberpfalz - Verbreitung und Erhaltung in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Naturraum}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, number = {13}, issn = {1617-4461}, pages = {531 -- 546}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschRaabBłaszkiewicz, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław}, title = {Evidence for an alternative concept of the Finow soil formation}, series = {Catena}, volume = {198}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0008-7769}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.105064}, pages = {14}, language = {en} } @book{HirschRaabRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Landnutzungsgeschichte in der Niederlausitz und im Erzgebirge}, publisher = {Brandenburg University of Technology}, address = {Cottbus ; Senftenberg}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5388}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-53887}, pages = {101}, abstract = {In diesem Band sind verschiedene Beitr{\"a}ge zur Landnutzungsgeschichte in der Niederlausitz und im Erzgebirge zusammengefasst. Die ersten vier Beitr{\"a}ge befassen sich mit historischen Ackerfluren und W{\"o}lb{\"a}ckern in der Niederlausitz. Arch{\"a}ologische Untersuchungen, in Kontext gestellt mit archivalischen Quellen und historischen Karten, geben gemeinsam mit dem Einsatz naturwissenschaftlicher Methoden und Visualisierungen hochaufl{\"o}sender LiDAR-Daten neue Einblicke in die ehemalige Landnutzung. Der f{\"u}nfte Beitrag aus dem Erzgebirge beschreibt die Nutzung von ehemaligen Meilerpl{\"a}tzen als Quellengattung der Montanarch{\"a}ologie.}, language = {de} } @misc{DrohanBayuzickDiefenbachetal., author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Bayuzick, Samuel and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Northern Appalachian, USA relic charcoal hearths and their unique Ecological Fingerprint}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13618}, language = {en} } @misc{BayuzickDrohanRaabetal., author = {Bayuzick, Samuel and Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and McDill, Marc and Diefenbach, Duane}, title = {Relic charcoal hearths geomorphology and hydrology in mid-Appalachian region of Pennsylvania}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6243}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageBayuzickDrohanetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Bayuzick, Samuel and Drohan, Patrick J. and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Relict charcoal hearth landscape and soil profile characteristics surrounding a mid-19th century Appalachian iron furnace}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5691}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderBonhageHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Accumulation patterns of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal burning}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2021}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5161}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderBonhageHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Hot spots and hot zones of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal production}, series = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {504}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, issn = {1872-7042}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119846}, abstract = {Human land use often leads to distinct modifications of soils within small, clearly delimited areas. Legacy effects of past land use are also abundant in recent forest areas, but are hardly considered in ecosystem assessment and soil mapping. The soils on relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are a widespread example for such land use legacy soils in forests. Soils on RCHs differ clearly from surrounding forest soils in their stratigraphy and properties, and are most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer with high contents of charcoal and thus soil organic matter (SOM). Although RCH soils can clearly contribute to the SOM stocks of forest soils, their relevance on the landscape scale has hardly been quantified. In this paper we analyze and discuss the distribution and effects of RCH soils across scales for forests in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, with a focus on SOM stocks. Our analysis is based on a large-scale mapping of RCHs from digital elevation models (DEMs), combined with a linear regression model of SOM stocks in RCH soils. The spatial distribution of RCH soils in the study region has a scale dependent heterogeneity. The large-scale variation in site densities is related to the concentration of charcoal production to specific forest areas while the small-scale variation is related to the irregular distribution of single RCHs within the charcoal production fields. Up to 1.5 \% of the surface are covered by RCH soils in the forest areas within the study region. The results also show that RCHs can significantly contribute to the SOM stocks of forests, even where they cover only a small fraction of the soil surface, with up to 18 \% additional SOM for forest areas. Because of the heterogeneous distribution of RCHs, the SOM stock additions depend on the scale of observation. Our results suggest that RCH SOM additions can be overestimated when sites in small areas (< 1 km²) are analyzed; and that characteristic spatial concentration patterns of RCHs are even observable when values are aggregated to large areas (25 km² and more). Aggregating effects to irregularly-sized forest administrative units resulted in maps that well represent the spatial distribution of RCH soils and SOM. The study highlights that considering land use legacy effects can be relevant for the results of soil mapping and inventories; and that prospecting and mapping land use legacies from DEMs can contribute to improving such approaches.}, language = {en} } @book{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Aghte, Markus and Pommerenke, Alf}, title = {Historische K{\"o}hlerei in S{\"u}dbrandenburg - Begleitband zum K{\"o}hlerpfad Waldschule Kleinsee}, editor = {Raab, Thomas}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus - Senftenberg, Fachgebiet Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung}, address = {Cottbus}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5488}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-54883}, pages = {68}, language = {de} } @incollection{RaabHirschSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Geo{\"o}kologische Folgen historischer Landnutzung}, series = {Geoarch{\"a}ologie}, booktitle = {Geoarch{\"a}ologie}, editor = {Stolz, Christian and Miller, Christopher E.}, publisher = {Springer Spektrum}, address = {Berlin, Heidelberg}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-62774-7_8}, pages = {71 -- 77}, abstract = {Seit dem Neolithikum wirkt sich die Nutzung der Landschaft auf unterschiedliche Weise auf Relief, B{\"o}den, Gew{\"a}sser, Flora, Fauna und Klima aus. Insbesondere die Folgen land- und forstwirtschaftlicher Wirtschaftsweisen waren daf{\"u}r ausschlaggebend. Grunds{\"a}tzlich reagieren {\"O}kosysteme auf anthropogene Eingriffe, wie die Umwandlung von Wald in andere Nutzungsformen, mit einer schrittweisen Degradation sowie reversiblen oder irreversiblen Ver{\"a}nderungen. Beispiele sind Bodenerosion und eine ver{\"a}nderte Artenzusammensetzung. Die Absch{\"a}tzung des Ausmaßes im globalen Maßstab gestaltet sich generell schwierig. F{\"u}r die Geoarch{\"a}ologie bedeutsam sind daher haupts{\"a}chlich lokale Spuren fr{\"u}herer Bewirtschaftung und Formen im Kleinrelief, die sich im Gel{\"a}nde wiederfinden lassen und als Geoarchive fungieren. Denn sie geben Aufschluss {\"u}ber (pr{\"a}-)historische Bewirtschaftungsformen. So zeugen W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker, Hochbeete, Plaggenesche und die Relikte der historischen Teichwirtschaft, Moorkultivierung und K{\"o}hlerei von fr{\"u}heren Formen der Land- und Forstwirtschaft.}, language = {de} } @misc{BurasHirschSchneideretal., author = {Buras, Allan and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Scharnweber, Tobias and Maaten, Ernst van der and Cruz-Garc{\´i}a, Roberto and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin}, title = {Reduced above-ground growth and wood density but increased wood chemical concentrations of Scots pine on relict charcoal hearths}, series = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {717}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, issn = {1879-1026}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137189}, abstract = {Deciphering the drivers of tree growth is a central aim of dendroecology. In this context, soil conditions may play a crucial role, since they determine the availability of water and nutrients for trees. Yet, effects of systematically differing soil conditions on tree growth render a marginally studied topic. In this context, relict charcoal hearths (RCH) - a widespread legacy of anthropogenic charcoal production - render a valuable 'natural' experiment to study possible effects of artificially altered soil conditions on tree growth. We hypothesize, that the differing physico-chemical properties of RCH result in differing wood properties if compared to trees growing on unmodified soils. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed tree-growth, wood density, and wood elemental concentrations of Scots pine as well as physico-chemical soil properties. We applied a classic control-treatment design to compare RCH with unmodified soils. Our analyses identified significantly lower above-ground wood production but systematically higher wood elemental concentrations in RCH-trees compared to control trees. Since we could not identify treatment-specific growth patterns, we hypothesize the observed lower above-ground productivity of Scots pine to indicate an increased root-shoot ratio to compensate for a potentially lower plant water availability on RCH-sites. The observed higher wood elemental concentrations likely reflect higher soil elemental concentrations of Fe, Ca, K, and Mn in RCH soils. In conclusion, our study highlights diverse effects of RCH on tree growth and wood properties and strengthens the value of dendro-chemistry to use the tree-ring archive as proxy for soil conditions within a dendro-ecological context.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Birkhofer, Klaus and Drohan, Patrick J. and Wilmking, Martin and Kreyling, J{\"u}rgen and Malik, Ireneusz and Wistuba, Małgorzata and Maaten, Ernst van der and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Urich, Tim}, title = {Do small landforms have large effects? A review on the legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {413}, journal = {Geomorphology}, issn = {0169-555X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108332}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are small, anthropogenic landforms resulting from past charcoal burning and reaching significant land coverage in pre-industrial mining areas. We review three coupled legacies linked by RCH development: (i) a landscape-scale geomorphic effect, (ii) a unique soil fingerprint, and (iii) an evolving novel ecosystem. The history and technique of charcoal production are described to clarify legacy effects. Applying a recently presented morpho-genetic catalogue is useful for classified mapping of RCH findings. The RCH numbers and calculated RCH densities per study region vary greatly and impose uncertainties due to insufficient methods causing over- or underestimations. Areas with high RCH densities between 50 and 500 RCH/km2 seem reasonable. Machine learning-based remote sensing techniques are promising approaches with which to better assess the full scale of charcoal burning legacies. RCH soil properties feature dark charcoal-rich technogenic substrate layers classified as Auh horizons according to the World Reference Base with significantly increased C contents. These Auh horizons can also exhibit specific physical and chemical properties, such as relatively low bulk density, high porosity, high plant available water content, low thermal conductivity and differences in cation exchange capacity or nutrient status. However, relevant studies are rare, and thus, the effects may differ by study region. Regarding vegetation, there seem to be four main effects: changes in forest structure, species composition, recruitment pattern and productivity. The number of studies on this issue is, however, also very limited. Even fewer studies have examined the soil fauna in RCHs; thus, the reported effects cannot be used to draw general conclusions. Notably, RCH research has made considerable progress in the last five years, especially in the Light Detection and Ranging-based mapping of these small landforms and identification of RCH-specific soil properties, but ecological legacies are not well understood; thus, more interdisciplinary and integrative studies are needed.}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageRaabSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Fischer, Thomas and Ramezany, Shaghayegh and Ouimet, William and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal-rich Technosols}, series = {European Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {73}, journal = {European Journal of Soil Science}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1111/ejss.13293}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {Charcoal-rich Technosols on century-old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long-term influence of biochar amendment and the post-wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north-western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy-based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75\% and 1862\% increase in TOC and BPCA-derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self-humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA-derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non-pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabRaabetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Marcus and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Quaternary and geoarcheology in Lower Lusatia}, series = {DEUQUA Special Publications}, volume = {4}, journal = {DEUQUA Special Publications}, issn = {2625-8137}, doi = {10.5194/deuquasp-4-59-2022}, pages = {59 -- 71}, abstract = {Open-cast lignite mines in Lower Lusatia provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes in the Northern European Lowland and improve our understanding of Quaternary landscape dynamics. The excursion will focus on soils and sediments of Late Pleistocene and Holocene age that have been modified by land use since the Slavic Middle Ages. In the vicinity of the open-cast mine J{\"a}nschwalde and in the Tauer forest north of Cottbus characteristic remains of historical charcoal production, a ridge-and-furrow system and late Quaternary rubification in soils are presented.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HirschRaabSchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Marcus and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Landschaftsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen am Eilenzfließ bei Taubendorf}, series = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier : 2015/2016}, booktitle = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlenrevier : 2015/2016}, editor = {Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgisches Landesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Landesmuseum}, address = {W{\"u}nsdorf}, isbn = {978-3-910011-87-8}, pages = {199 -- 204}, language = {de} } @misc{BayuzickGuarinBonhageetal., author = {Bayuzick, Samuel and Guarin, Daniel and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc and Raab, Thomas and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {Small anthropogenic landforms from past charcoal production control moisture dynamics and chemistry in northcentral Appalachian soils}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {415}, journal = {Geomorphology}, issn = {1872-695X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108379}, pages = {1 -- 11}, abstract = {Throughout the northeastern United States (U.S.) and Europe, relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are regularly being discovered in proximity to furnaces once used for the extraction of metal from ore or quick-lime production; charcoal produced in hearths was used as a furnace fuel. Given previous research has shown that topographic and subsurface disturbance can be great when a hearth is constructed, we hypothesize that hearth construction alters surface hydrology and soil chemistry in environments in and near hearths. We used a landscape classification process to identify 6758 hearths near furnaces at Greenwood and Pine Grove Furnace State Park, central and southcentral Pennsylvania, U.S. Two types of digital elevation model wetness indexes were used to quantify surface hydrology effects in and around hearths. Modeled wetness conditions were compared to field soil volumetric water content in RCHs near Greenwood Furnace State Park. Modeled wetness indexes indicate that RCH interiors are significantly wetter than RCH rim areas; RCHs are acting as a landscape moisture sink. Results also indicate that RCHs on slopes result in downslope drier conditions below RCHs. Field measured volumetric water content indicates that as distance from the center of the hearth increases, soil moisture significantly decreases. Geomorphic position was found to not be related to RCH wetness. Soil from RCHs, compared to nearby native soils, has significantly higher total C, a lower Mehlich 3 extractable acidity, higher Ca and P. No trend was evident with RCH soil chemistry and geomorphic position. The high frequency of RCH occurrence, in proximity to the furnace's RCHs supported, suggests that RCHs today could locally be an important niche for understory flora and fauna. Further research could explore how RCHs might be affecting surrounding plant populations and how within RCH patterns, especially on hillslopes, might represent a distinctly different scale of physical and chemical variability.}, language = {en} } @misc{BayuzickGuarinBenavidesetal., author = {Bayuzick, Samuel and Guarin, Daniel and Benavides, Jhony and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Diefenbach, Duane and McDill, Marc and Raab, Thomas and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {Soil and geomorphic patterns within relict charcoal hearths could represent unique ecosystem niches}, series = {Geomorphology}, volume = {422}, journal = {Geomorphology}, issn = {1872-695X}, doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108525}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {Hearths used for 19th and 20th century charcoal manufacturing have been found to have unique plant communities or to produce unique growth characteristics for some species but not others. Given known differences in hearth morphology, within hearth physical and chemical differences may exist and result in unique ecologic niches. We examined soil stratigraphy across 8 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) and control soils on different landforms near a 19th century furnace complex (Greenwood Furnace, northcentral Appalachians USA). Soils were analyzed for particle size, total and trace elements, and fertility. Platform creation resulted in soils from upslope RCH positions mixed with subsurface materials on the downslope side to create a stabilized platform. The thin, uniform thickness of charcoal surface horizons (Ac) indicate that RCHs were not used more than once for charcoal manufacturing or that charcoal was always removed very efficiently. While rubification of soil or rock from high heat was seen in 6 of 8 sites sampled, it was not extensive across sampled areas of any one hearth, which indicate hearth use may not be frequent, hot enough, or spatially disparate. Soil fertility characteristics change within RCHs but also by landscape position. Downslope RCH positions are enriched in some parameters compared to control soils (total C, Mehlich 3 Mg, Ca, and Aquia Regia digestion Mn) and that enrichment often is from the surface downward. Downslope enrichment within RCH soils may have occurred from charcoal and released ions, slope erosion and accumulation, or transportation of constructed materials during RCH creation. Landscape position may accentuate or mute soil chemistry differences. Greenwood Furnace RCHs have unique patterns of chemistry, which could result in unique niches for flora and maybe fauna within RCH. Future research could more closely investigate whether hearths support unique species assemblages and how they may play a role in enhancing today's forest biodiversity.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneiderMaatenTheunissenetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Maaten, Ernst van der and R{\"a}biger, Christin and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil properties and tree growth at medieval ridge and furrow sites in Brandenburg, northeastern Germany}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {186}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {4}, issn = {1436-8730}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.202200345}, pages = {417 -- 427}, abstract = {Background Ridge and furrow (RIFU) systems and associated soils are a widespread legacy of medieval agriculture, are archives of historical land use, and might affect recent ecosystems. Open questions about RIFU formation and potential legacy effects still exist, especially related to physical soil properties. Aims Our aims were (1) to characterize the soil properties of RIFU soils and (2) to compare the drought sensitivity and the growth resistance in extremely dry years of trees growing on ridges and furrows, respectively. Methods We studied soil physical (bulk density, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, and texture) and chemical (soil pH, soil organic matter, and nitrogen content) properties and the climate sensitivity of tree growth on RIFU systems for three study sites in Prignitz, Germany. Results RIFU systems showed a high spatial heterogeneity of soil stratigraphy due to ridge construction and increased accumulation of soil moisture and organic matter in furrows due to post-abandonment pedogenesis. Slight spatial differences in soil physical properties were found, with increased air capacity in ridge soils and higher available water contents in furrow soils. No differences in drought sensitivity were observed for trees growing on ridges and furrows, except for a wet site, where trees in furrows showed a higher sensitivity. Resistance in dry years tended to be similar or increase from furrows to ridges. Conclusions The results reflect a spatial differentiation of stratigraphy and post-abandonment pedogenesis on abandoned RIFU systems and suggest an adaption to different moisture conditions through RIFU construction. Differences in drought sensitivity of tree growth with relative land surface could only be detected for one of the three sites, where trees were found to be less drought sensitive on ridges.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderTaklaRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Towards an inventory of historic charcoal production fields in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabBonhageSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Heußner, Karl-Uwe and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Spatial distribution of relict charcoal hearths in the former royal forest district Tauer (SE Brandenburg, Germany)}, series = {Quaternary International}, volume = {Vol. 511}, journal = {Quaternary International}, issn = {1040-6182}, doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2017.07.022}, pages = {153 -- 165}, abstract = {Historical charcoal production has long been an unconsidered type of forest utilization in lowland areas. The archaeological discovery of a large charcoal burning area in the forefield of the active opencast lignite mine J€anschwalde in SE Brandenburg (North German Lowlands) has highlighted the need for multidisciplinary research in the study of the dimensions of historical charcoal burning. The charcoal produced in our study area, the former royal forest district Tauer, provided energy for the nearby Peitz ironworks during its operation from the mid-16th to the mid-19th century. Here, we aimed to record the amount, size and distribution of relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) to examine their context with respect to the ironworks and to better understand the potential impacts on late Quaternary landscape change. The applied methods combined archaeological research with shaded-relief mapping of RCHs. To evaluate the detection success of RCHs in the shaded-relief maps (SRMs), we compared the results with the results from specific archaeological surveys and conventional forest site mapping. Furthermore, we analyzed our dataset with descriptive, comparable and spatial statistics. Additionally, dendrochronological dating of charcoal fragments from selected RCHs was used to investigate the temporal relationships among the RCHs. Approximately 6000 circular RCHs were manually digitally identified in the SRMs of the 109-km2 evaluable area. However, ground truthing showed that the shaded-relief maps could not completely capture all RCHs in our study area due to local conditions. At the regional scale, two focus areas with high RCH site densities were found. Statistical analysis revealed that the diameters of the RCHs range widely from 4 to 30.5 m. Spatial statistics were applied to the RCH diameters to aggregate areas with larger or smaller RCHs. At the small scale, no systematic arrangement of RCHs was obvious in the SRMs. Dendrochronological dating of selected RCHs lying close together could not detect significant spatiotemporal relationships or patterns. The dating results also showed that some areas have been preferentially used for charcoal production for over 300 years. Due to the homogeneity of the physiogeographical location factors, we assume that these factors are not superficially responsible for site selection. Instead, economic location factors and contemporary regulations are more likely responsible for the distribution of RCHs.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschWechleretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Wechler, Klaus-Peter and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Reconstruction of a Paleosurface and Archaeological Site Location in an Anthropogenic Drift Sand Area}, series = {Archaeological Prospection}, volume = {24}, journal = {Archaeological Prospection}, number = {4}, issn = {1099-0763}, doi = {10.1002/arp.1571}, pages = {297 -- 310}, abstract = {Knowledge of the position of archaeological remains in the surface relief provides important basic information for archaeological survey design and interpretation. Geomorphological processes in (pre)history may have resulted in a modification of the local relief around archaeological sites, especially in areas that are prone to sediment erosion and relocation, such as sheet sand and dune landscapes. In this study, we reconstructed and analysed the palaeorelief of an archaeological excavation site in an inland dune area in southern Brandenburg, Germany. The remains of two Mesolithic sites were documented in the archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. To gather information on the relief of the buried soil surface, we used a combination of sedimentological and pedological profile descriptions along archaeological survey trenches and geophysical prospection with ground penetrating radar supplemented with microdrone photography and photogrammetry, global positioning system (GPS) surveys, and analysis of LiDAR-based elevation models. A digital elevation model of the buried surface was generated and analysed using a geographical information system (GIS). A comparison of the palaeosurface model with the recent surface elevation model shows that sand remobilization resulted in a considerable reshaping of the relief. Further, an analysis of the buried surface model shows that the relief position of the two archaeological sites in the study area was considerably more prominent in relation to the corresponding buried soil surface than in relation to the recent surface morphology. The results affirm the significance of Holocene sediment relocation for the local surface morphology and the importance of considering such relief modifications in archaeological surveys.}, language = {en} }