@inproceedings{BłaszkiewiczBrademannBraueretal., author = {Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Brademann, Brian and Brauer, Achim and Brykała, Dariusz and Deg{\´o}rski, Marek and Froehlich, Wojciech and Gierszewski, Piotr and Hirsch, Florian and Kaczmarek, Halina and Kordowski, Jarosław and Kramkowski, Mateusz and Krzymińska, Jarmila and Lamparski, Piotr and Lutyńska, Monika and Mirosław-Grabowska, Joanna and Nicolay, Alexander and Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Noryśkiewicz, Bożena and Obremska, Milena and Ott, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Schwab, Markus}, title = {Introduction to ICLEA fieldtrips - Stara Kiszewa 2013}, series = {2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume \& Excursion guide}, booktitle = {2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume \& Excursion guide}, publisher = {Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-13047}, pages = {53 -- 67}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabFrantiucBrademannetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Frantiuc, Alexandru and Brademann, Brian and Ott, Florian and Hirsch, Florian and Brauer, Achim and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Proxies of pre-industrial charcoal production and land use in lake sediments from South Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {During the last decades, archaeological research has revealed that large-scale charcoal burning was carried out in Lower Lusatia (South Brandenburg) situated within the North Germany Lowland. From the 17th to the 19th century, charcoal was mainly produced for the ironwork in Peitz. Within the framework of the ICLEA project lake sediments from two lakes, Byhleguhrer See and Großsee, are investigated to study the impact of pre-industrial charcoal production on the environment.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Extending and simplifying the standard K{\"o}hn-pipette technique for grain size analysis}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Grain size distribution is a fundamental parameter to characterize physical properties of soils and sediments. Manifold approaches exist and according to the DIN ISO 11277 soil texture is analyzed by default with the combined pipette sieving and sedimentation method developed by K{\"o}hn.With this standard technique subfractions of sand and silt as well as the total clay content can be determined but the differentiation of clay subfractions is impossible. As the differentiation of the clay subfractions yields relevant information about pedogenesis, we present a protocol basing on standard techniques of granulometry with easy to handle and low cost equipment. The protocol was tested on a set of soil samples to cover the range of grain size distributions.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Contradictory indications from terrestrial archives for the asynchronous LGM glaciation in the Central Spanish Pyrenees}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2014, Vienna, Austria, 27 April - 02 May 2014}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Studies from several Mediterranean sites suggest a nonuniform glaciation during the last glacial cycle. For the Pyrenees an asynchronous maximum ice extent compared to the global last glacial maximum (LGM) is controversially discussed. Our study sites are located in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, namely the Aragon and Gallego Valley. Both valleys are type locations for the Pleistocene glaciations and the early maximum ice extent for the Pyrenees was dated amongst other sites in the Gallego Valley to about 36 ka. Due to the potential time span since the earlier deglaciation compared to LGM sites from Central Europe we used a pedological and sedimentological approach to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development. Our results indicate a considerable reshaping of the LGM landscape prior to the onset of the Holocene. The LGM tills are covered by a deposit with high content of fine sand and coarse silt. On the slopes the clasts in these fine-grained sediments are aligned parallel to the slope direction, whereas in the underlaying tills the clasts are aligned rectangular to the slope direction and therefore representing the direction of the Pleistocene glacier movement.We attribute the alignment of the clasts in the sediment covering the tills to solifluction induced by periglacial conditions. The high contents of coarse silt and fine sand are also characteristic for the eolian component in periglacial slope deposits. OSL datings suggest an age of about 14 ka for these sediments. Soil micromorphology shows that the periglacial deposits were not subject to intensive pedogenic processes prior to the sedimentation but that profiles are strongly affected by lessivation after deposition. Soil erosion is only evident during the Holocene and we associate these phases of soil erosion with the human impact. We found no indications for geomorphologic and pedogenic processes between the reported deposition of the LGM till around 36 ka and theperiglacial conditions dated in our study to about 14 ka.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneiderNicolayetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Nicolay, Alexander and Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Quaternary landscape development at the margin of the Pomeranian phase (MIS 2) near Lake Wygonin (Northern Poland)}, series = {Catena}, volume = {124}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2014.08.018}, pages = {28 -- 44}, abstract = {In Central Europe, Late Quaternary landscapes experienced multiple phases of geomorphologic activity. In this study,we used a combined geomorphological, pedological, sedimentological and palynological approach to characterize landscape development after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) near Lake Wygonin in Northern Poland. The pedostratigraphical findings from soil pits and drillings were extrapolated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). During the Pomeranian phase, glacial and fluvioglacial processes dominated the landscape near Lake Wygonin. At the end of the glacial period, periglacial processes became relevant and caused the formation of ventifacts and coversands containing coated sand grains. At approximately 15,290-14,800 cal yr BP, a small pond formed in a kettle hole (profile BWI2). The lacustrine sediments lack eolian sand components and therefore indicate the decline of eolian processes during that time. The increase of Juniperus and rock-rose (Helianthemum) in the pollen diagram is a prominent marker of the Younger Dryas. At the end of the Younger Dryas, a partial reshaping of the landscape is indicated by abundant charcoal fragments in disturbed lake sediments. No geomorphologic activity since the beginning of the Holocene is documented in the terrestrial and wetland archives. The anthropogenic impact is reflected in the pollen diagram by the occurrence of rye pollen grains (Secale cereale) and translocated soil sediments dated to 1560-1410 cal yr BP, proving agricultural use of the immediate vicinity. With the onset of land use, gully incision and the accumulation of colluvial fans reshaped the landscape locally. Since 540-460 cal yr BP, further gully incision in the steep forest tracks has been associated with the intensification of forestry. Outside of the gully catchments, the weakly podzolized Rubic Brunic Arenosols show no features of Holocene soil erosion.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Geophysical prospection on Late Quaternary sediments in the Gallego Valley, Central Spanish Pyrenees}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Suppl.}, volume = {58}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Suppl.}, number = {3}, issn = {1864-1687}, doi = {10.1127/0372-8854/2014/S-00165}, pages = {47 -- 62}, abstract = {This study aims to characterize the Late Quaternary stratigraphy in a type region of Pleistocene glaciation in the Central Spanish Pyrenees by using geophysical prospection techniques to extrapolate stratigraphical field information from soil pits. The main objectives are (i) to identify the thickness of the Quaternary sediments, (ii) to characterize the internal structures and stratifications within the Quaternary deposits and (iii) to test the validity of combined geophysical prospection techniques, including shallow seismic refraction (SSR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). We focus on two selected study sites: the Late Pleistocene terminal moraine at Seneg{\"u}{\´e} on the bottom of the G{\´a}llego Valley and a Pleistocene non-glaciated slope located nearby. This study proves that information about the depth, structure and distribution of Late Quaternary sediments (glacial, periglacial and fluvial) can be gathered by the combination of geophysical techniques (SSR and ERT). These techniques allow for a reliable, inexpensive and fast extrapolation of stratification information from soil pits and enable Late Quaternary and Eocene sediments to be distinguished. The reconstruction of the sediment genesis is facilitated by the geophysical techniques due to the potential to prospect the internal structures of large areas.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and Takla, Melanie and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Pre-Industrial Charcoal Kilns in the Northern European Lowland - Hidden Land Use Structures Detected by LIDAR}, series = {2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014)}, booktitle = {2014 GSA Annual Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (19-22 October 2014)}, publisher = {Geological Society of America}, address = {Boulder, Colo.}, pages = {S. 96}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Extending and simplifying the standard K{\"o}hn-pipette technique for grain size analysis}, series = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, booktitle = {3rd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2014, Dynamics of Climate and Landscape Evolution of Cultural Landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the Last Ice Age}, editor = {Schwab, Markus J. and Theuerkauf, Martin and Brauer, Achim and Wilmking, Martin and Lampe, Reinhard}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-14028}, pages = {40}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Wechler, Klaus-Peter}, title = {Reconstructing spatial and temporal patterns of soil formation in an anthropogenic drift sand area in Northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2015, Vienna, Austria, 13 April - 17 May 2015}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschFritschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Fritsch, Simone and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Hydraulische Eigenschaften von B{\"o}den an historischen Holzkohlemeilerpl{\"a}tzen in Brandenburg}, series = {Unsere B{\"o}den - unser Leben, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 2. - 10. September 2015, M{\"u}nchen}, booktitle = {Unsere B{\"o}den - unser Leben, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 2. - 10. September 2015, M{\"u}nchen}, publisher = {Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Human impact on late Quaternary landscapes in the Central Spanish Pyrenees}, series = {AGU Meeting Abstract, 2011 Fall Meeting San Francisco 2011}, booktitle = {AGU Meeting Abstract, 2011 Fall Meeting San Francisco 2011}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschNicolaySchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and soil development in Wygonin (Poland)}, series = {Tagungsband und Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie Jahrestagung 2013, 2. - 4.5.2013 BTU Cottbus}, booktitle = {Tagungsband und Exkursionsf{\"u}hrer, Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie Jahrestagung 2013, 2. - 4.5.2013 BTU Cottbus}, publisher = {Brandenburg Univ. of Technology}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {S. 50}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabHirsch, author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Quart{\"a}re Sedimente und Bodenbildung in den Aragonesischen Pyren{\"a}en}, series = {AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten}, booktitle = {AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten}, editor = {Wunderlich, J. and Houben, P.}, publisher = {Goethe Universit{\"a}t, Institut f{\"u}r Physische Geographie}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, pages = {S. 38}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Stratigraphy and distribution of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley (Aragonese Pyrenees, Spain)}, series = {Quaternary International}, volume = {279-280}, journal = {Quaternary International}, doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.370}, pages = {S. 202}, abstract = {Within the scope of the research project post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain), funded by the DFG (Az RA 931/3-1), soils and sediments are used to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape formation. By employing multiple field and laboratory methods, several sediment facies (glacial, periglacial, fluvial and anthropogenic induced colluvial displacement) can be distinguished. Due to small scale horizontal and vertical distribution of the Quaternary sediments, the genetic differentiation is crucial for the dating of periglacial and glacial phases. The polygenetic sediment sequences indicate periods of post-glacial geomorphodynamic, probably induced by changing climatic or anthropogenic influences. The glacial sediments are preserved as lateral and terminal moraines. Due to the arrangement of the moraines, several Pleistocene glacial advances can be recognized. Cold climate conditions led to the formation of periglacial slope deposits which are classified as lower and upper heads in accordance to findings from Central Europe (Raab \& V{\"o}lkel 2003, Raab et al. 2010). Although lower heads are restricted to the Pleistocene extraglacial landscape, upper heads can be located in the Pleistocene extraglacial and glacial landscape. Upper heads are characterized by a high amount of silt, which is interpreted as the result of an aeolian admixture. The aeolian component is not limited to the upper head but can also be found as loess deposit on glaciofluvial and fluvial terraces. Due to the characteristically low inclination of the terraces the aeolian cover was only sparsely affected by erosion. On the other hand, on steeper slopes, intensive land use results in residual shallow sediment cover above the bedrock in the upper slopes and deep colluvial layers on the foot slopes and valley bottoms.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Sedimentologische Untersuchungen zur quart{\"a}ren Landschaftsgeschichte in den Aragonesischen Pyren{\"a}en}, series = {AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten}, booktitle = {AK Geomorphologie, Jahrestagung 2010 in Frankfurt am Main/Schmitten}, editor = {Wunderlich, J. and Houben, P.}, publisher = {Goethe Universit{\"a}t, Institut f{\"u}r Physische Geographie}, address = {Frankfurt am Main}, pages = {S. 19}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TuruHirschPenaMonneetal., author = {Turu, Valenti and Hirsch, Florian and Pena-Monne, J. L. and Raab, Thomas and Ros, X. and Marti-Bono, Carlos and Constante-Orrios, A.}, title = {Prospeccion geofisica y geomecanica de la ribera de Biescas (pirineos centrales): estructura del relleno sedimentario del fondo del valle y los sedimentos de vertiente}, series = {Resums XIII Reunio Nacional de Quaternari, AEQUA, Andorra 2011}, booktitle = {Resums XIII Reunio Nacional de Quaternari, AEQUA, Andorra 2011}, editor = {Turu, Valenti and Constante, Ana}, publisher = {Imp. Envalira [u.a.]}, address = {Andorra la Vella}, isbn = {978-99920-1-861-3}, pages = {81 -- 83}, language = {es} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Post-LGM-zeitliche Pedogenese und Geomorphodynamik in den Spanischen Zentralpyren{\"a}en}, series = {Jahrestagung 2012, 10. - 13. Oktober 2012 in M{\"u}nchen/Campus Weihenstephan, Deutscher Arbeitskreis f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Tagungsband zur Critical Zone-Forschung}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung 2012, 10. - 13. Oktober 2012 in M{\"u}nchen/Campus Weihenstephan, Deutscher Arbeitskreis f{\"u}r Geomorphologie, Tagungsband zur Critical Zone-Forschung}, editor = {V{\"o}lkel, J{\"o}rg}, publisher = {M{\"u}nchen}, address = {Technische Universit{\"a}t}, pages = {S. 26}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschNicolaySchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Sp{\"a}tquart{\"a}re Landschaftsentwicklung seit der Pommerschen Phase in Wygonin (Nordpolen)}, series = {Jahrestagung des AK Geomorphologie in Kiel 2014}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des AK Geomorphologie in Kiel 2014}, editor = {Bork, Hans-Rudolf and Dreibrodt, Stefan and Duttmann, Rainer and Unkel, Ingmar}, publisher = {Christian-Albrechts-Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Kiel}, pages = {S. 66}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Reliktische Bodenbildung in den Spanischen Zentralpyren{\"a}en als Hinweis auf sp{\"a}tquart{\"a}re Klimawechsel}, series = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin, Potsdam}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Berlin, Potsdam}, publisher = {Deutsche Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil formation on Late Quaternary sediments in the Central Pyrenees (Spain)}, series = {Landscapes and soils through time, proceedings, Hohenheim, July 28th - August 01th, 2011}, booktitle = {Landscapes and soils through time, proceedings, Hohenheim, July 28th - August 01th, 2011}, editor = {Sauer, Daniela and Jahn, Reinhold and Stahr, Karl}, address = {Hohenheim}, pages = {4 -- 5}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Distribution, formation and chronology of Late Quaternary sediments in the Central Spanish Pyrenees}, series = {8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume}, booktitle = {8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume}, publisher = {International Association of Geomorphologists}, address = {Paris}, pages = {S. 342}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Micromorphology and macrofabrics of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragonese Pyrenees, Spain}, series = {8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume}, booktitle = {8th International Conference (IAG) on Geomorphology, IAG, Paris, 27 - 31 August 2013, abstract volume}, publisher = {International Association of Geomorphologists}, address = {Paris}, pages = {S. 1018}, abstract = {Within the scope of the research project Post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees we used a combination of field and laboratory methods to differentiate and classify Late Quaternary sediments. Our analyses indicate no post sedimentary erosion of the LGM lateral moraines in the Aragon and Gallego valley. Precipitation of calcium carbonate led to the fixation of the diamictons and thus stabilized the glacial landforms. Clasts in the glacial sediments are orientated parallel to the Pleistocene glacial flow direction and therefore underpin the stability of the glacial deposits during paraglacial times. Grain size analyses and OSL ages indicate the covering of glacial sediments by an eolian deposit before the onset of the Holocene.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hirsch, author = {Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Post-LGM-zeitliche Pedogenese und Geomorphodynamik in den spanischen Zentralpyren{\"a}en}, address = {Cottbus}, pages = {545}, abstract = {Obwohl die pleistoz{\"a}nen Vereisungen bereits lange Gegenstand geowissenschaftlicher Forschung und die terrestrischen Archive f{\"u}r j{\"u}ngere Glaziale besser erhalten sind als f{\"u}r {\"a}ltere Glaziale, wird das j{\"u}ngste Glazial bez{\"u}glich Ausmaß und Chronologie kontrovers diskutiert. F{\"u}r die spanischen Zentralpyren{\"a}en wird derzeit, wie auch f{\"u}r andere Vergletscherungsge- biete w{\"a}hrend des Sp{\"a}tpleistoz{\"a}ns, eine zum globalen letzten glazialen Maximum (gLGM) fr{\"u}here und damit asynchrone Vereisung angenommen. Bemerkenswerterweise sind die Gletschervorst{\"o}ße in den {\"o}stlichen Pyren{\"a}en ebenso wie die Vergletscherung der Alpen, der Britische Eisschild und der Skandinavische Eisschild synchron zum gLGM. Aufgrund der zeitlichen Differenz von 10 ka bis 30 ka vor dem gLGM ist in den spanischen Zentralpyre- n{\"a}en eine im Vergleich zu den gLGM-zeitlich gepr{\"a}gten Vergletscherungsgebieten differen- zierte Geomorphodynamik und Bodenbildung zu erwarten. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Darstellung der sp{\"a}tquart{\"a}ren Bodenentwicklung und Geomorphodynamik in zwei benachbarten T{\"a}lern der spanischen Zentralpyren{\"a}en, die beide von gLGM-asynchronen Gletschervorst{\"o}ßen gepr{\"a}gt wurden. Die Untersuchungen wurden mittels einer Kombinati- on sedimentologischer und bodenkundlicher Methoden durchgef{\"u}hrt, um neben der Iden- tifikation der Sedimentfazies die pedogene Entwicklung darzustellen. Die chronologische Einordnung der Befunde erfolgte mittels 15 optisch stimulierter Lumineszenzdatierungen (OSL-Datierungen) und einer 14C-Datierung. Die Ergebnisse belegen eine prozessual sehr {\"a}hnliche Landschaftsentwicklung wie in den mitteleurop{\"a}ischen Glazial- und Periglazialgebieten. Zwar konnten in der vorliegenden Arbeit keine rißzeitlichen Sedimente datiert werden, die intensive Lessivierung auf den als rißzeitlich beschriebenen l{\"o}ssbedeckten Terrassen wird aber auf die Entwicklung einer Parabraunerde w{\"a}hrend des letzten Interglazials zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt. Mit dem W{\"u}rm beginnt sowohl im Glazialraum als auch im Extraglazialraum eine Phase aktiver Geomorphodynamik. F{\"u}r den Periglazialbereich k{\"o}nnen L{\"o}ssanwehung um 61 +/- 4 ka (Ris{\o}-Nr. 105018) und Solifluktion um 55 +/- 5 ka (Ris{\o}-Nr. 105016) nachgewiesen werden. Die {\"u}ber glazialen Sedimenten hangenden und von Solifluktion und L{\"o}sseintrag gepr{\"a}gten Hauptlagen wurden zwischen 14,4 +/- 1,2 ka (Ris{\o}-Nr. 105019) bis 10,6 +/- 0,8 ka (Ris{\o}-Nr. 125027) gebildet. In den rezent von Lessivierung gekennzeichneten Hauptlagen wurden bei den mikromorpholo- gischen Untersuchungen keine Pedorelikte einer fr{\"u}heren Bodenbildung gefunden. Dies weist unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Altersdifferenz von etwa 20 ka zwischen den hier datierten Hauptlagen und dem bisher angenommenen Alter des letzten Gletschervorstoßes um 35 ka entweder auf eine markante Stabilit{\"a}t der Landschaft ohne jegliche Bodenentwicklung {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von 20 ka oder auf eine massive Erosion vor 14,4 ka. Zwar konnte in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Zeitpunkt des lokalen letzten glazialen Maximums (lLGM) nicht direkt mittels Datierungen belegt bzw. widerlegt werden, da die mit dem lLGM assoziierten Sedimente und Reliefformen kein geeignetes Material zur Datierung enthielten. Aufgrund der methodisch problematischen OSL-Datierungen, auf denen die Asynchronit{\"a}tstheorie basiert, muss die gLGM-asynchrone Chronologie der spanischen Zentralpyren{\"a}en stark angezweifelt werden. Diese Schlussfolgerung wird untermauert durch die in der j{\"u}ngsten Literatur mehrfach beschriebenen maximalen Gletschervorst{\"o}ße in den {\"o}stlichen Pyren{\"a}en, die zum gLGM-synchrone Alter aufweisen, und in Anbetracht der Befunde aus der vorliegenden Arbeit. Mit Ausnahme einzelner Erosionsereignisse um 7,8 +/- 0,7 ka (Ris{\o}-Nr. 105013) und 5,8 +/- 0,3 ka (Ris{\o}-Nr. 125029) sind aufgrund der mit dem Holoz{\"a}n abnehmenden Geomorphodynamik der L{\"o}ss und die Hauptlagen von Lessivierung und Verbraunung bzw. Rubefizierung gepr{\"a}gt. Die ersten anthropogenen Eingriffe in die Bodenlandschaft sind ab 3,0 +/- 0,2 ka (Ris{\o}-Nr. 105017) erkennbar, diese Ver{\"a}nderungen sind aber auf Gunststandorte wie die mit L{\"o}ss bedeckten Terrassen beschr{\"a}nkt. Ab 0,85 +/- 0,05 ka (Ris{\o}-Nr. 105011) erfolgt eine intensivere und großfl{\"a}chigere Reliefver{\"a}nderung, die mit der mittelalterlichen Transhumanz assoziiert wird. Initiale B{\"o}den in oberfl{\"a}chlich anstehenden prim{\"a}rcarbonathaltigen Substraten und verk{\"u}rzte Bodenprofile sowie korrelate Sedimente der Bodenerosion belegen die weit verbreitete anthropogen verursachte Landschaftsentwicklung. Die rezente Pedogenese ist in den teilweise carbonatfreien Substraten von Lessivierung und Verbraunung bzw. Rubefizierung gekennzeichnet. Die mikromorphologischen Untersuchungen und die Korngr{\"o}ßenanalysen belegen, dass bei der Lessivierung vor allem Feinton und zweitrangig Mittelton verlagert wird. Die Tonverlagerung greift in den Profilen {\"u}ber die Schichtgrenze in die liegenden prim{\"a}rcarbonathaltigen Substrate {\"u}ber. Die Tonverlagerung konnte mit dem hier verwendeten kombinierten Verfahren aus Nasssiebung und R{\"o}ntgenabsorption, bei dem die Subfraktionen des Tons quantitativ erfasst werden, innerhalb der Profile dargestellt werden. Die r{\"o}tliche Bodenfarbe (2,5 YR und 5 YR) und die mikromorphologisch vorgefundenen kirschroten und rhomboedrischen oder traubigen Kristalle weisen auf die Pr{\"a}senz von H{\"a}matit. Vor allem in den {\"u}ber den fluvialen Sedimenten hangenden L{\"o}ssen sind rubefizierte B{\"o}den entwickelt, die Rubefizierung ist im Untersuchungsgebiet auf den Terrassen am ausgepr{\"a}gtesten und nimmt mit zunehmender H{\"o}he der Standorte ab. Die Rubefizierung findet auf den sp{\"a}tpleistoz{\"a}nen Sedimenten, {\"a}hnlich wie in Mitteleuropa, im Holoz{\"a}n statt. Die vorliegenden Befunde stellen die Aktualit{\"a}t der Deutschen Bodensystematik hinsichtlich der Rubefizierung und der Genese der Terra Rossa infrage. Aufgrund prim{\"a}rcarbonathaltiger Ausgangssubstrate sind die B{\"o}den im Untersuchungsgebiet meist nur in den obersten Dezimetern entcarbonatisiert oder enthalten trotz der fortgeschrittenen Verbraunung oder Rubefizierung verschiedenartige Calcitkristalle. W{\"a}hrend die Calcitkrusten an der Unterseite von Steinen wegen der pallisadenartigen Anordnung und der Morphologie der Calcitkristalle mit einer kryogen induzierten Ausf{\"a}llung von Calcit aus calciumhydrogencarbonathaltigen L{\"o}sungen assoziiert werden, weisen Rhizolithe, calcified root cells und nadelf{\"o}rmiger Calcit auf eine biogene Carbonatdynamik. Kristalle aus Calciumoxalat in lebenden und abgestorbenen Feinwurzeln belegen ebenfalls die biotische Komponente und deuten mit den r{\"o}ntgendiffraktometrisch vorgefundenen Illiten und Vermikuliten auf die oft vernachl{\"a}ssigten Wechselwirkungen des Systems Pflanze-Boden. Der abiogenen und deszendenten Carbonatverlagerung wirkt in den B{\"o}den im Untersuchungsgebiet eine biogene aszendente Carbonatverlagerung entgegen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaabSchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Wechler, Klaus-Peter}, title = {Late Holocene eolian fossilization of Podzols in Northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The North European lowland has been formed by glacial and periglacial processes in the Late Pleistocene. Multiple reshaping since the Late Glacial considerably changed the landscape up to and including especially historic times. Sediment sequences and (fossilized) soils can improve our understanding of Late Quaternary landscape development, but mapping of buried soils and surfaces is often limited to single outcrops. Ongoing archaeological rescue excavations in the pre-field of the open-cast mine Cottbus-Nord (northeastern Germany) with dense excavation trenches in an about 10 ha dune and drift sand area reveal multilayered sediment sequences with fossilized soils and sediments from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene. Archaeological findings ranging from Mesolithic flint stones to an about 200 year old ceramics in eolian sediments covering plow horizons and wheel tracks suggest that eolian relocation of sandy material was intensive about 200 years ago. Still unpublished OSL dating underline the intense eolian activity. Recent studies showed that between the 15Th to the 19Th century an iron smelter 5 km to the west of our study site was supplied with charcoal, which was produced in a forest 5 km east to our study site. Our current findings about Late Holocene eolian activity raise the question if this eolian reshaping of the landscape is connected with the operation of the iron smelter either directly by transport or bog iron ore winning or indirectly by population pressure caused by the prospering iron smelter. Our ongoing research indicates, that already for historic land-use off-site effects causing further landscape changes have to be considered.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabHirschOuimetetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David}, title = {Soil stratigraphy of charcoal kiln remains (CKR) in the Litchfield Hills, CT, USA}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Charcoal kiln relicts (CKRs) are small anthropogenic landforms that are often found in historic mining areas. CKRs have not been a big research topic yet but mainly were studied as by-products of archaeological excavations. In the last years newly available and very accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) based on high-resolution Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data have been used to identify these archaeological remains. In addition, findings of several thousands CKRs in the North German Lowland have increased the awareness that historical charcoal production may significantly contribute to Late Holocene landscape change. Besides the archaeological aspect of CKRs, potential impacts of charcoal burning on the ecology of modern soil landscapes and ecosystem processes must be considered. A relatively high density of CKRs is found in the Litchfield Hills nearby the town of West Cornwall, Litchfield County, CT, USA. The CKRs are especially well preserved on slopes of the tributary valleys of the Housatonic River and form little, circular ramparts with diameters normally less than ten meters. First, rough field surveys in Litchfield County in spring 2015 have suggested differences between soils inside and outside the CKR. Soils on the CKR seem to have relatively deep humus-rich and charcoal containing topsoils whereas the topsoils outside the CKR appear typically thinner and less rich in humus. More thorough investigations have been started in autumn 2015 to prove the hypothesis that properties, distribution and development of soils are controlled by archaeological remains of historical charcoal burning. We present preliminary results from our field studies conducted in October 2015. The stratigraphy and the extent of the 26 CKRs were studied using a sedimentological-pedological approach by coring and trenching. Our results indicate that in Litchfield County the CKRs were used twice and in quick succession. Before the second reuse, the rim of the platform was stabilized with boulders. The black topsoils on the CKRs contain residual charcoal and the topsoils are thicker compared to the soil sequences outside of the CKRs.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Missing evidence for the LGM-asynchronity in the Central Spanish Pyrenees in geomorphological, sedimentological and pedological archives}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2016, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {According to the state of knowledge, the glacial advances in the Eastern Pyrenees were synchronous with the global LGM during the Late Pleistocene (MIS 2), but the glacial advances in the Central Spanish Pyrenees at MIS 3 were asynchron with the global LGM. Whereas in the Eastern Pyrenees the glacial advances are dated in several well agreeing studies by surface exposure dating of boulders from lateral or terminal moraines, the asynchronity of the Central Spanish Pyrenees was postulated mainly by OSL dating on glacial and fluvial sediments and on radiocarbon dating of pollen from lacustrine deposits. The time difference of about 15 ka raises the question if this is a result of (local) climate factors or owed to failures caused by using several dating techniques on different archives. Anyway, if this time lag is correct, post-LGM formation of soils and sediments from the Late Pleistocene should be different between the Eastern Pyrenees and the Central Spanish Pyrenees. We therefore applied a combined approach of geomorphological, sedimentological and pedological investigations to reconstruct the Late Quaternary landscape development in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley of the Central Spanish Pyrenees. Our study reveals that in both valleys the Pre-Holocene geomorphodynamics on the lateglacial deposits show clear analogies with findings from Pleistocene periglacial landscapes in Central Europe. For MIS 4 and early MIS 3 periglacial processes are proven by loess deposition and formation of solifluction sediments. The glacial sediments, which were dated in earlier studies into mid MIS 3 and counted so far as prove for the asynchronous LGM of the Central Spanish Pyrenees, are covered by periglacial deposits of lateglacial age (14 ka to 11 ka). Surprisingly neither the glacial sediments have pedogenic features that indicate lateglacial soil development, nor do the periglacial deposits show indications for lateglacial soil erosion. Therefore we conclude that soil formation began after the sedimentation of the periglacial deposits, either implying a striking timeframe of more than 15 ka with a stable landscape without any pedogenesis, or the untenability of the MIS 3 age of the glacial sediments. Because we can clearly differentiate further phases of geomorphodynamics during the Holocene with truncated soil profiles and the correlate sediments of soil erosion next to undisturbed soils in periglacial sediments with a lateglacial age, we challenge the thesis of an asynchronous LGM in the Central Spanish Pyrenees and advocate a synchronous LGM in the Gallego- and Aragon valley analog to the Eastern Pyrenees.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Chronology of Late Quaternary sediments in the Aragonese Pyrenees}, series = {Quaternary International}, volume = {279-280}, journal = {Quaternary International}, doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2012.08.371}, pages = {S. 202}, abstract = {The Spanish Pyrenees are a type region for Quaternary glaciations. Although the history of glacial research dates back until the first fieldtrips of Charpentier in 1841 and Penck in 1883, the maximum extent of Pleistocene glaciers and the exact chronology is still discussed. Whereas some authors suggest a last glacial maximum (LGM) synchronous to the European Alps, there are also several authors preferring a much earlier Pyrenean LGM. The differing ages for the LGM research using absolute chronological methods reveal the need for a clear stratigraphical and sedimentological approach prior to chronological sampling on Quaternary sediments. Within the scope of the research project post-LGM pedogenesis and geomorphodynamics in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain) funded by the DFG (Az RA 931/3-1) Quaternary sediments are differentiated by a combination of multiple field and laboratory methods. This identification of the sediments, combined with the stratigraphic approach forms the basis for the dating of the sediment facies and therefore the prevailing climate conditions at the time of the sedimentation. The studies are mainly conducted in the Aragon- and Gallego Valley, which are both situated in the Aragonese Pyrenees (Spain). We use optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date the uppermost unit of the periglacial slope deposits which typically cover glacial sediments in most parts of the study area. There is clear evidence that the glacial and periglacial sediments are partly eroded due to human impact. First OSL and 14C dating reveal relatively young ages for this phase of soil erosion and redepostion on the slopes (approximately 300 a BP).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschNicolaySchneideretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Nicolay, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Quaternary soil genesis and geomorphodynamics in Northern Poland}, series = {2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume \& Excursion guide}, booktitle = {2nd Annual ICLEA Workshop 2013, Dynamics of climate and landscape evolution of cultural landscapes in the Northern Central European Lowlands since the last ice age, Abstract volume \& Excursion guide}, publisher = {Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-13047}, pages = {S. 43}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaabSchuhart, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Schuhart, Stefan}, title = {Quaternary deposits and soil formation in the Arag{\´o}n Pyrenees (Spain) - First results from sedimentological studies}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 - 07 May 2010}, booktitle = {EGU General Assembly 2010, held in Vienna, Austria, 02 - 07 May 2010}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Landnutzungsgeschichte und historische Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz - Neue Befunde und aktuelle Forschung}, series = {Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie, T{\"u}bingen, 4. Mai bis 7. Mai 2016}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung Arbeitskreis Geoarch{\"a}ologie, T{\"u}bingen, 4. Mai bis 7. Mai 2016}, abstract = {Seit 2010 untersucht eine interdisziplin{\"a}re Forschergruppe der BTU, des BLDAM und des LBGR die Landnutzungsgeschichte sowie die nat{\"u}rliche und anthropogen induzierte Landschaftsentwicklung in der Niederlausitz, Brandenburg. Systematische arch{\"a}ologische Grabungen des BLDAM im Vorfeld der laufenden Tagebaue sind eine wichtige Grundlage f{\"u}r geopedologische Untersuchungen. Die Arbeiten hatten zun{\"a}chst ihren r{\"a}umlichen Schwerpunkt in den Braunkohletagebauen nord{\"o}stlich von Cottbus (Tgb. Cottbus Nord, Tgb. J{\"a}nschwalde) und wurden dann ausgedehnt auf weitere Forstfl{\"a}chen n{\"o}rdlich von Peitz. Wir geben einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre, pr{\"a}sentieren aktuelle Ergebnisse und zeigen zuk{\"u}nftige Forschungsfelder auf. Im Tagebau J{\"a}nschwalde sind zwischenzeitlich mehr als 1000 Relikte von Holzkohlmeilern (HKM) als Zeugen einer intensiven historischen Holznutzung arch{\"a}ologisch dokumentiert. Mit Stand Januar 2016 liegen Dendroalter von 64 HKM vor. Die Alter schwanken zwischen dem ausgehenden 16. Jahrhundert und der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts, was in etwa dem Betriebszeitraum des H{\"u}ttenwerks in Peitz entspricht. Die Mehrzahl der Meiler datiert auf den Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts. Weitere Hinterlassenschaften der historischen Landnutzung sind u.a. W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker und begrabene Ackerb{\"o}den. Fossile B{\"o}den und ehemalige Landoberfl{\"a}chen sind stellenweise mit {\"a}olischen Sedimenten {\"u}berdeckt. 14C- und OSL-Datierungen an diesen B{\"o}den und Sedimenten lassen auf eine Intensivierung der {\"a}olischen Aktivit{\"a}t zur slawischen Zeit und im Deutschen Mittelalter schließen. Einige Relikte von HKM sind mit Sand {\"u}berweht worden, und an einer Stelle konnte das Alter dieser {\"a}olischen Sedimentation mittels Dendrodatierung des begrabenen Meilers auf1850 oder j{\"u}nger bestimmt werden. Allerdings stellt dies die Ausnahme dar. Der weitaus gr{\"o}ßere Teil der HKM-Relikte liegt direkt an der Oberfl{\"a}che und ist nicht begraben, was auf eine sehr geringe Winderosion in der Neuzeit schließen l{\"a}sst. Seit 2015 konnte im Rahmen des DFG-Projekts „R{\"a}umliche und zeitliche Dimension der historischen K{\"o}hlerei im Tauerschen Forst (Niederlausitz, Brandenburg). Ein Beitrag zur Kulturlandschaftsentwicklung des Norddeutschen Tieflands" (Az RA 1129/3-1; RA 931/6-1) ein weiteres Gebiet mit hoher HKM-Dichte untersucht werden. Erste Auswertungen der LiDAR-Daten ergeben eine Anzahl von 4449 ehemaligen Meilerstandorten im Tauerschen Forst. 26 Meilerstellen sind beprobt, die Dendroalter hierzu sind in Bearbeitung. Ebenfalls in j{\"u}ngerer Zeit fanden Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von HKM-Relikten f{\"u}r das gesamte Land Brandenburg statt. Mit Hilfe eines bin{\"a}ren Modells wurden Gebiete mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit von HKM-Standorten detektiert. Im Rahmen des im November 2016 beginnenden DFG-Projekts „Die historische K{\"o}hlerei in Brandenburg - Analyse der r{\"a}umlichen Dimension und der Effekte auf bodenhydraulische Eigenschaften" (SCHN 1349/1-1) sollen nun neben der Verbreitung der historischen K{\"o}hlerei auch bodenrelevante Auswirkungen beschrieben und bewertet werden.}, language = {de} } @incollection{SchneiderRaabRoesleretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and R{\"o}sler, Horst and Takla, Melanie and Hirsch, Florian and Ritschl, Bosse and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Geophysikalische Prospektion und Mikrodrohnenbefliegungen zur Dokumentation von Meilerpl{\"a}tzen in der J{\"a}nschwalder Heide}, series = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlerevier 2013/2014}, booktitle = {Ausgrabungen im Niederlausitzer Braunkohlerevier 2013/2014}, editor = {Schopper, Franz and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, publisher = {Brandenburgisches LAndesamt f{\"u}r Denkmalpflege und Arch{\"a}ologisches Landesmuseum}, address = {Zossen OT W{\"u}nsdorf}, isbn = {978-3-910011-79-3}, pages = {145 -- 154}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabTaklaetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Takla, Melanie and Nicolay, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Integrative Application of Traditional and Cutting-Edge Techniques to Reconstruct Holocene Earth Surface Processes and Landscape Dynamics - A Case Study from the Northern German Lowland}, series = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, booktitle = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, pages = {135 -- 136}, abstract = {This study outlines the opportunities to reconstruct Holocene landscape dynamics in active opencast lignite mines in southern Brandenburg (Germany). Studies on extensive outcrops that address geomorphology, pedology and archaeology provide unique insights into human-induced environmental changes. Our approach uses a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques to characterize small-scale landforms (high-resolution DEMs by micro-drone and LiDAR), to analyze soils and substrate properties in the field (GPR, ERT, geomagnetics, Field Portable XRF and XRD) and to provide chronological information (OSL, 14C, tree-ring dating). This approach is combined with a GIS for data integration. We present the most recent results and review important findings from the last several years. Studies conducted in the opencast mines focus on soil development and Late Quaternary geomorphodynamics and as well as past land use and the legacy of agriculture and woodland use. Our results regarding the human-induced geomorphodynamics are similar to those in other regions in Central Europe, but we also observe regional differences caused by the local setting, e.g., intensification of soil erosion coinciding with the expansion of farming of cultivated lands in the Slavic Middle Ages. By analyzing LiDAR data the largest area of historical charcoal production in the Northern European Lowland (NEL) has been revealed. We are clearly only beginning to understand the massive dimensions of charcoal production in the region and the impact on late Holocene geomorphodynamics. The usage of new high-resolution imagery is essential to identify small-scale anthropogenic landforms hidden in the landscape. Future work will consist of developing and improving our integrative approach. However, comprehensive ground truth data provided by the archaeological prospections in the open-cast mines are an excellent basis for GIS-based analyses of high-resolution ALS data and geomorphological research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderTaklaRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Takla, Melanie and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and R{\"o}sler, Horst}, title = {Mapping historic charcoal production fields from excavation to landscape scale}, series = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, booktitle = {AGU Joint Assembly, Montreal, 2015, abstracts listing}, pages = {168}, abstract = {In the forefield of the open-cast mine J{\"a}nschwalde (north of Cottbus, Germany), archaeological excavations have revealed one of the largest charcoal production fields described so far. As remains of the historic charcoal kilns, small mounds of sediment rich in charcoal fragments and ash cover the soil surface. We applied a combination of methods for mapping such kiln relicts across a range of scales, in order to analyze the spatial distribution of kiln sites and to improve the understanding of historic forest use systems. In archaeological excavations in the mine forefield, the geometry of kiln relicts could be studied in high detail. We used a microdrone to record high-resolution photographs of excavation sites for the documentation of kiln site ground plans and other traces of historic land use. Based on airborne laser scanning elevation models, kiln site mapping was extended to areas beyond the mine forefield. Manual digitization from shaded relief maps was used for mapping kiln sites in further woodland areas surrounding an historic ironwork north of Cottbus. An automated mapping approach based on template matching was developed to detect charcoal production fields on a larger scale, and was applied for an area of about 1000 km2up to now. In archaeological excavations, about 900 kiln sites have been documented on an approximately 17 km2 large area. Excavation documentations and aerial photographs show variations in the kiln site ground plans. By manual digitization from Shaded Relief Maps, more than 5000 kiln sites with diameters up to 29 m were detected in the 32 km2 area of the royal forest J{\"a}nschwalder Heide north of Cottbus. First results of mapping for larger areas indicate similar densities, but smaller diameters of kiln sites in other charcoal production fields; and show that charcoal production is a so far underestimated component of the land use history in many areas in the Northern European Lowlands.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschBauriegelBonhageetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Occurrence, micromorphology, and soil chemistry of Fuchserden (Rhodic Arenosols) on sandy deposits in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In the sandy deposits from the Late Pleistocene in the Northern European lowlands, the local appearance of red subsoils emerges the question of their formation and palaeoenvironmental significance. According to the WRB this soil is classified as Rhodic Arenosols, but in the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping this soil is still unconsidered because the age and genesis is unclear. Due to the intense red subsoil, the working title of this soil is 'Fuchserde'. Whereas rubefication is a characteristic feature of soils in regions with warm and dry summers like in the Mediterranean, the occurrence of red subsoil horizons containing hematite in soils in northeastern Germany is not an indicator for tropic or Mediterranean climate conditions. Already the appearance of Fuchserden on sandy deposits from the last glaciation objects earlier theories that consider these soils as a relictic soil formation from the last interglacial or even the Palaeogene or Neogene. To characterize the genesis of the Fuchserden, we focused on four different study sites in northeastern Germany. We present our findings from soil micromorphology and the identification of the iron(hydr)oxides by FTIR. Our results give new insights on the development of the Fuchserden and the importance of lateral input of iron for their genesis.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschMaatenTheunissenMaatenetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Maaten, Ernst van der and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil physics and chemistry at a medieval ridge and furrow site in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The usage of non-reversible ploughs, mainly during the Middle Ages and until historic times, led to the formation of ridge and furrow systems. Due to improvements of agricultural techniques, these historic agricultural sites were often abandoned and are now marginal land. The parallel ridges and furrows are usually, if not destroyed by later conventional ploughing, preserved in present-day forests. In northeastern Germany ridge and furrow systems are normally several decameters long and up to ten meters wide. The height difference between ridge top and furrow bottom is up to 50 centimeters and is expected to cause significant contrasts of soil properties and vegetation. Furthermore, due to the abandonment of sites with ridges and furrows, soils on these sites are unique archives for studies on fertilization, soil carbon dynamics and soil development. Therefore, we are characterizing soil physics (bulk density, saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, texture) and soil chemistry (soil acidity, carbon and nitrogen content) on a type location of historic ridges and furrows about 100 km northwest of Berlin.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaabOuimetetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Soils on historic charcoal hearths - chemical properties and terminology}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2017/EGU2017-4009-1.pdf}, abstract = {Charcoal hearths are a unique archive for the long term interaction between biochar, soil development and plant growth. Charcoal as raw material was crucial for the production of iron in iron works and hence numerous charcoal hearths can be found in the forests near historic iron works in Europe as well as the Eastern United States. Charcoal hearths are round to elliptical forms often around 10 m in diameter, and consisting of a several decimeter thick layer containing charcoal fragments, ash, and burnt soil. We studied the soil chemistry of 24 charcoal hearths and compared them to the surrounding 'natural' soils in Litchfield County, Connecticut. The thickness of the organic rich horizons on the charcoal hearths and their carbon content is remarkably higher than in the surrounding topsoils. The wide distribution of charcoal hearths, their usually high quantity, and their occurrence in different ecosystems underlines their importance for further pedological research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabHirschVassermanetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Vasserman, Oleksandr and Raab, Alexandra and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Influence of relief and vegetation on soil properties in a disturbed chernozem soil landscape}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {In central and southeastern Alberta, chernozems dominate the soil landscape and are divided into several groups that follow the climate gradient from Northwest to Southeast: Dark Grey Chernozems, Black Chernozems, Dark Brown Chernozems; Brown Chernozems. Principles controlling development and distribution of these chernozem subtypes along the ecotone transect are quite well known. However, intensive land use over the last century has affected soils that originally have formed under natural conditions during the Holocene in more than 10,000 years. There is a lack of knowledge regarding soil development in these landscapes on the decadal to centennial time scale. Within this time frame the most important factor of soil formation may be relief, although this has not been properly studied. This study aims to compare soil properties in a typical chernozem landscape where soils have been highly disturbed and parent materials have been re-arranged by surface coal mining.We hypothesize that within 50 years, soils develop with significant differences based on vegetation type and slope aspect. Our study site is the former Diplomat Mine near Forestburg, Alberta where spoils form a small scale ridge and graben topography. The south facing slopes of the piles are covered by grassland, whereas on the north exposition has trees and shrubs. Samples were taken from six sites with differences in topography and vegetation type. Diplomate T1 is at the top of the ridge with grassland, Diplomate S1 is on the southern slope with grassland, Diplomate N1 is on the northern slope with trees, and Diplomate N2 is on the northern slope with shrubs. For comparison we took samples from two sites without slope aspect. One site was an undisturbed grassland (Diplomate Z1) and the other sites were reclaimed piles (Diplomate R1). At each site, five soil profiles were examined and volumetrically sampled (250 cm3 steel ring) in steps of five centimeters to a depth of 30 centimeters. We present first results of basic physical and chemical soil parameters (bulk density, water content, pH, Cstock, N-stock).}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Assessing the legacy effects of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Charcoal produced in kilns or hearths was an important source of energy in many regions of Europe and Northern America until the 19th century, and charcoal production in hearths is still common in many other regions of the world. The remains of charcoal hearths are therefore a widespread legacy of historic land use in forest areas. Soils on charcoal hearth sites are characterized by a technogenic layer rich in charcoal and ash on top of the soil profile, and by a pyrogenic modification of substrates below the former hearth. The aims of our study are to examine how these alterations to the natural soil profiles affect the soil water regime and other soil physical properties, and to assess the relevance of these effects on the landscape scale. We present first results of a mapping of hearth site occurrence in forest areas in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, and of a characterization of the infiltration behaviour on hearth sites as compared with undisturbed forest soils. Results of mapping small-scale relief features from LIDAR-based digital elevation models show that charcoal hearths occur in a high density in many large forest areas throughout Brandenburg. In the areas studied so far, up to almost 3\% of the soil surface were found to be affected by the remains of historic hearths. First analyses of soil physical properties indicate differences in the infiltration characteristics of hearth site soils and undisturbed forest soils: Hood infiltrometer measurements show a very high spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity for hearth site soils, and water-drop-penetration-time tests reflect extremely high hydrophobicity of the technogenic layer on the sites. Results of dye tracer experiment show considerably strong preferential flow and therefore a higher spatial variability of soil wetness below the hearth remains. Overall, our first results therefore indicate that the legacy effects of historic charcoal production might significantly affect overall site conditions in forest areas with a high density of charcoal hearth remains.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabSchneiderBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Extensive historical charcoal production in Brandenburg (Germany) - identification of potential areas by GIS analysis}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {We used a GIS analysis of environmental and historical data to identify potential areas of extensive charcoal production in Brandenburg. The analysis was based on three assumptions (i to iii). Large charcoal kiln fields can be found in areas that i) are close to historical industrial sites, ii) are close to bog iron ore deposits, and iii) have been continuously covered by forest during the last centuries. Information on theses parameters was gathered in an archive and literature study and from historical and recent maps. Areas with a high probability of kiln site occurrence were then determined using a simple binary additive model. In the last step, shaded-relief maps (SRMs) were visually checked for clearly visible kiln sites and soil properties were analysed in the determined areas. In total, eight areas with a high probability of kiln site occurrence are identified for the state of Brandenburg. By visual interpretation of SRMs, high kiln site densities in these areas are confirmed. The analysis of soil maps shows that kiln fields are predominantly located on sandy soils with a low yield potential. Although further parameters and study areas need to be considered in the model in order to explain the spatial distribution patterns of charcoal production, the results indicate correlations between the location of bog iron ore deposits, historic ironworks and charcoal kiln fields.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschWechleretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Wechler, Klaus-Peter and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Mapping a paleosurface and archaeological site location in an inland dune area in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Mapping and visualizing the position of archaeological remains in the surface relief provides important basic information for archaeological survey design and interpretation. Geomorphological processes in (pre)history can have resulted in a modification of the local relief around archaeological sites, especially in areas that are prone to sediment erosion and relocation, so that models of past surfaces are necessary for a correct interpretation of archaeological survey results. In this study, we combined terrestrial survey and remote sensing methods to reconstruct the palaeorelief around two archaeological excavation sites in an inland dune area in southern Brandenburg, Germany. Remains from two Mesolithic hunter-gatherer camps were documented in archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. To gather information on the relief of the buried soil surface, we used a combination of sedimentological and pedological profile description of archaeological survey trenches and geophysical prospection with Ground-Penetrating Radar; supplemented by microdrone photography and photogrammetry, GPS surveys and analysis of LIDAR-based elevation models. A digital elevation model of the buried surface was created by combining point data from these sources. The buried surface morphology and the position of the archeological remains within the reconstructed landscape were analyzed in GIS. The comparison of the generated paleosurface model with the recent surface elevation model shows that sand remobilization resulted in a considerable reshaping of the relief. Analysis of the buried surface model further shows that the relief position of the two archaeological sites in the study area was considerably more prominent in relation to the corresponding buried soil surface than in relation to the recent surface morphology. Results affirm the importance of considering Holocene relief modifications in archaeological surveys.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschDietrichKnoopetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Dietrich, Nils and Knoop, Christine and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Micromorphology of pelletized soil conditioners}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Soil conditioners produced by anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of organic household waste, bear the potential to improve unproductive farmland together with a reduced input risk of unwanted pollutants into the soils. Within the VeNGA project (http://www.biogas-network.de/venga), soil conditioners from anaerobically digested organic household waste are tested for their potential to increase plant growth in glasshouse and field experiments. Because the production techniques of these soil conditioners may influence their physical and chemical behaviour in the soil, two different techniques for pelletizing the soil conditioners where applied. We present findings from a pot experiment with cereal that has been sampled after two months for micromorphological analyses.We visualize the decomposition and the physical behaviour of the soil conditioners. Pellets produced in an agglomeration mixer result in dense balls, that are only slightly decomposed after the trial. But the soil conditioners created under pressure in a screw extruder are rich in voids and have the potential of retaining more soil water.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The Finow soil - a stratigraphic marker or just a pedologic horizon?}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Palaeosoils indicate periods of landscape stability, and therefore warmer periods during the cold climate conditions of the Late Pleistocene, when pedogenic processes can shape the surface. Therefore, in Late Pleistocene glacial and periglacial deposits, palaeosoils are widely used as chronostratigraphic markers. However, in contrast to limnic archives the records in terrestrial sediments are often discontinuous or ambiguous. The so called Finow soil is commonly found as 5 to 15 cm thick and fossilized horizon, characterized by brunification and the illuviation of clay in the sandy deposits of Northern Central Europe. We present a micromorpological approach together with OSL ages, that contradicts the stratigraphic potential of the Finow soil and also questions the suitability of soil horizons formed by clay illuviation as stratigraphic markers.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Late Quaternary landscape development and legacies of human-induced land use changes in Lower Lusatia, South Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {182 -- 198}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschSchneiderRaabetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David}, title = {Late Holocene biochar enrichment in soils - implications of an anthropogenic legacy for ecosystems}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {79 -- 81}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Dye tracer visualization of infiltration patterns in soils on historic charcoal hearth sites}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {150 -- 151}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschWechleretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Wechler, Klaus-Peter and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Mapping a palaeosurface and archaeological site location in an anthropogenic drift sand area}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {152 -- 154}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Assessing the legacies of historical charcoal production in Brandenburg}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {155 -- 156}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabHelleretal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Heller, Sebastian and Bauriegel, Albrecht}, title = {Classification of pedogenic cementation in Podzols by pocket penetrometry}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {180}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {4}, issn = {1522-2624}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.201600395}, pages = {430 -- 435}, abstract = {According to the German Soil Taxonomy, the formation of cemented horizons in Podzols is restricted to the precipitation of iron oxides. However, in iron-poor sandy substrates, also illuviation of only organic compounds can form cemented horizons with penetration resistances of up to 14 kg cm-2. We present a reproducible field test for classifying pedogenic cementation in Podzols and suggest considering cemented horizons (Bmh and Bhm) in the upcoming edition of the Guidelines for Soil Mapping.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabOuimetetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Soils on historic charcoal hearths - terminology and chemical properties}, series = {Soil Science Society of America Journal : SSSAJ}, volume = {81}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America Journal : SSSAJ}, number = {6}, issn = {1435-0661}, doi = {10.2136/sssaj2017.02.0067}, pages = {1427 -- 1435}, abstract = {Historic charcoal hearth remains provide a unique archive of the long term interaction between biochar, soil development and plant growth. Charcoal as raw material was crucial for production of iron in iron works and hence numerous charcoal hearths can be found in the forests near historic iron works in Europe as well as the Eastern United States. Charcoal hearths are round to elliptical forms often around 10 m in diameter, and consist of several decimeter thick layers that contain charcoal fragments, ash, and burnt soil. We studied the soil chemistry of 24 charcoal hearths and compared them to the surrounding 'natural' soils in the northern Appalachians of northwestern Connecticut. The thickness of the topsoils on the charcoal hearths and their carbon content are remarkably higher than in the surrounding topsoils. The presence of residual products from charcoal production classifies the soils as Anthropic Udorthents (US Soil Taxonomy) or Spolic Technosols (Humic) according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. The widespread occurrence of charcoal hearth remains and their high spatial density in different ecosystems underlines their importance for further pedological research.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabSchneiderRaabetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {The geomorphic legacy of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {4th Central European Geomorphology Conference, Bayreuth, October 9th-13th 2017}, booktitle = {4th Central European Geomorphology Conference, Bayreuth, October 9th-13th 2017}, editor = {Holzheu, Stefan and Thies, Birgit}, address = {Bayreuth}, pages = {117 -- 118}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschBauriegelBonhageetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Fuchserden in Brandenburg - Vorkommen, Mikromorphologie und Bodenchemie}, series = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, booktitle = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, publisher = {DBG}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {1}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HirschRaab, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Der Finowboden - ein lokaler Pal{\"a}oboden?}, series = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung de Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, booktitle = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung de Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, publisher = {DBG}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {1}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Bodenver{\"a}nderungen durch die historische Holzkohleproduktion in Brandenburg}, series = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, booktitle = {Abstracts der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, G{\"o}ttingen, 2017}, publisher = {DBG}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {1}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Legacies of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Multiproxy analysis of a relict charcoal hearth field in Brandenburg (Germany)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschMaatenTheunissenMaatenetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Maaten, Ernst van der and Schneider, Marcus and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil physics and chemistry at two medieval ridge and furrow sites in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschBonhageBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Gypser, Stella}, title = {Occurrence, soil parameters and genesis of Rhodic Arenosols ('Fuchserden') in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschSchneiderBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Formation, classification and properties of soils at two relict charcoal hearth sites in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschMaatenTheunissenMaatenetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke van der and Maaten, Ernst van der and Schneider, Marcus and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Pedology and effects on vegetation at two medieval ridge and furrow sites in northeastern Germany}, series = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, editor = {Berg, Stefanie and Eckmeier, Eileen and Linzen, Sven and Werther, Lukas and Zielhofer, Christoph}, publisher = {Friedrich-Schiller-Universit{\"a}t Jena [u.a.]}, address = {Jena [u.a.]}, doi = {10.22032/dbt.34521}, pages = {S. 18}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Multiproxy analysis of a relict charcoal hearth field in Brandenburg (Germany)}, series = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, editor = {Berg, Stefanie and Eckmeier, Eileen and Linzen, Sven and Werther, Lukas and Zielhofer, Christoph}, publisher = {Friedrich-Schiller-Universit{\"a}t Jena [u.a.]}, address = {Jena [u.a.]}, doi = {10.22032/dbt.34521}, pages = {S. 27}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Relikte der historischen K{\"o}hlerei in Brandenburg}, series = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, editor = {Berg, Stefanie and Eckmeier, Eileen and Linzen, Sven and Werther, Lukas and Zielhofer, Christoph}, publisher = {Friedrich-Schiller-Universit{\"a}t Jena [u.a.]}, address = {Jena [u.a.]}, doi = {10.22032/dbt.34521}, pages = {S. 28}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschSchneiderBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Formation, Classification, and Properties of Soils at Two Relict Charcoal Hearth Sites in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {Frontiers in Environmental Science}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science}, issn = {2296-665X}, doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2018.00094}, pages = {1 -- 15}, abstract = {Historical charcoal production can have significant effects on soil properties. We studied soils at former charcoal production sites (relict charcoal hearths, RCHs) and compared these soils with undisturbed soil next to the charcoal hearths and four typical soils on similar parent material located at distances between 10 and 70 km from the RCHs. In a landscape typical of the northern German lowland, we found Podsolige Braunerde [WRB: Brunic Arenosols (Protospodic)] outside of the RCHs and soils with a clearly different stratigraphy within the RCHs. The main feature of the soils at both of the studied RCHs is a heterogeneous, charcoal-bearing deposit that is ~30 cm thick. No indications of translocation or mineral transformation processes, which form distinct soil horizons after the deposition of anthropogenic material on the RCHs, are present. Except for the differences in color and total carbon content, the soil chemistry of the RCHs hardly differs from that of the soil outside of the charcoal hearth sites. The soil colors and magnetic susceptibility values strongly suggest that the RCH substrates and the underlying topsoil were affected by thermally induced transformation of iron (hydr-)oxides. Although the charring procedure normally requires ~2 weeks, the heating effect only reaches to a maximum depth of 8 cm into the buried soil below the charcoal hearths. The presence of reddish soil and an abrupt increase in magnetic susceptibility in the upper 2 cm of the soil below the charcoal hearths indicate the heat-induced transformation of iron (hydr-)oxides into maghemite. Brighter soil color and an increase in soil organic matter (SOM) in the lower parts of the buried topsoil demonstrate the combustion of SOM up to 5 cm depth below the RCH. According to the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping, the soils in the RCHs are classified as Regosols above Braunerde [WRB: Spolic Technosols (Arenic)]. However, because the anthropogenic features of these soil sediments are disregarded in the German Guidelines for Soil Mapping, we suggest adapting the "M" horizon to permit a jM horizon. Thus, the soils in the RCHs could be classified as Kolluviale Braunerde.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Bodenkundlich-geomorphologische Untersuchung von Meilerpl{\"a}tzen um Weiherhammer}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, volume = {12}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, issn = {1617-4461}, pages = {433 -- 448}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Dye Tracer Visualization of Infiltration Patterns in Soils on Relict Charcoal Hearths}, series = {Frontiers in Environmental Sciences}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Sciences}, doi = {doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00143}, pages = {1 -- 14}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Legacies of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {Conference booklet, 5th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, 17th-20th September 2018 Newcastle and Durham, UK}, booktitle = {Conference booklet, 5th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, 17th-20th September 2018 Newcastle and Durham, UK}, pages = {S. 214}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabOuimetetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Ouimet, William and Dethier, David and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Soils on Historic Charcoal Hearths: Terminology and Chemical Properties}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William and Drohan, Patrick J.}, title = {Effects of Historical Charcoal Burning on Soil Landscapes in West Connecticut, USA}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabDisteletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Distel, Henrik and Naeth, M. Anne and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Modelling Late Quaternary Soil Development Considering Slope Aspects in the Rumsey Area (Alberta, Canada)}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabHirsch, author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Towards an International Genetic Classification of Pleistocene Periglacial Slope Deposits (PPSDs)}, series = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America, International Soils Meeting, Soils Across Latitudes, San Diego 2019}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {The temperature regime of a charcoal-enriched land use legacy soil}, series = {Soil Science Society of America Journal}, volume = {83}, journal = {Soil Science Society of America Journal}, number = {3}, issn = {1435-0661}, doi = {10.2136/sssaj2018.12.0483}, pages = {565 -- 574}, language = {en} } @misc{DonovanSchneiderHirschetal., author = {Donovan, Sally and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Thermal conductivity of charcoal-richsoils-preliminary results from a study on relict charcoal hearth (RCH) sites from Germany and the USA}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, pages = {1}, language = {en} } @misc{DistelHirschRaabetal., author = {Distel, Henrik and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Effects of slope aspect on soil development in the Canadian prairies: a digital approach}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageMykhailovaHirschetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Mykhailova, Larysa and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Fischer, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Donovan, Sally and Ouimet, William}, title = {Effects of historical charcoal burning on soil landscapes in West Connecticut - Quantifying pyrogenic and organic soil carbon content of Technosols by FTIR analysis}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschRaabDisteletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Distel, Henrik and Naeth, M. Anne}, title = {Dynamics of pedogenic carbonates and their relation to slope aspects in the Rumsey area (Alberta, Canada)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabHirschSchneideretal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra}, title = {Geoecological legacies of pre-industrial charcoal burning - Research questions and approaches}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Soil moisture monitoring on land use legacy soils - a study on relict charcoal hearth sites in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, journal = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2019, Vienna, Austria, 7-12 April 2019}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderHirsch, author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Mapping legacies of historic charcoal production on the landscape scale}, series = {Check Object Integrity : Book of Abstracts, CAA 2019}, journal = {Check Object Integrity : Book of Abstracts, CAA 2019}, publisher = {Institute of Archaeology of Jagiellonian University}, address = {Krakau}, isbn = {978-83-948382-7-0}, pages = {278 -- 279}, abstract = {The remains of historic charcoal hearths (RCHs) occur in many forest areas as characteristic small-scale relief features, and are valuable archives of land use history. The increasing availability of high-resolution ALS data has given rise to many recent studies mapping such land use legacy features, which have revealed impressively high numbers and spatial densities of RCHs in many regions of the world. Nevertheless, the limitations of mapping from remotely-sensed data still need to be considered to allow for meaningful interpretations of RCH spatial distribution patterns and conclusions on past forest use. We present an assessment of the possibilities and limitations of RCH mapping from ALS data on the landscape scale, comparing mapping results from study areas in the Northeastern German Lowlands, the German lower mountain ranges and the lower mountain ranges in the northeastern USA. RCHs were mapped using automated detection and manual digitization, and mapping results were validated against archaeological excavations and detailed field surveys. The results allow for a detailed analysis of mapping accuracy in relation to DEM resolution and feature size, but furthermore show up relations of mapping success to RCH age and preservation and to geomorphology and subsequent forest use. Results CAA 2019 279 Standard session 42: New technologies in woodland archaeology: problems and limitations from a GIS analysis of RCH spatial distribution in relation to historic charcoal-consuming industries affirm that RCHs are a widespread and underestimated legacy of past woodland use in many regions, but also underline the relevance of considering variable mapping accuracy in landscape-scale analyses of archaeological relief features mapped from ALS data.}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneider, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna}, title = {Architecture and soil stratigraphy of relict charcoal hearths in Europe and the USA}, series = {Check Object Integrity : Book of Abstracts, CAA 2019}, journal = {Check Object Integrity : Book of Abstracts, CAA 2019}, publisher = {Institute of Archaeology of Jagiellonian University}, address = {Krakau}, isbn = {978-83-948382-7-0}, pages = {304 -- 305}, abstract = {Relict charcoal hearths (RCH) are a widespread feature in forested areas in Europe and the USA. Before the usage of hard coal, charcoal from RCHs was the main energy source and chemical reagent for the production of iron from ore. Depending on region and age, RCHs have diameters CAA 2019 305 Poster session up to 30 m, and due to their size and shape they are nowadays often identified by GIS-analysis of widely available LiDAR data. We study the architecture and soil stratigraphy of RCHs in several type regions in the USA and Germany where high densities of RCHs are known (Connecticut, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Brandenburg, Bavaria) and propose a morphological classification scheme. Whereas RCHs on flatland mostly have a circular shape which is often surrounded by an about half a meter-wide ditch, RCHs on slopes are mostly elliptical and often have a different architecture than on flatland sites. While the RCH platforms in flatland are only about 30 cm higher than the surrounding area, the platform of RCHs on slopes has often a height of up to one meter in downslope direction. Therefore, RCHs on slopes are much easier to identify during GIS mapping than RCHs on flatland. Remarkably the size, shape and architecture between our studied RCHs in the USA and Germany are often very similar which could indicate common roots of collier's knowledge and technology that can be explained by immigration of European craftsmen to New England in the 18th and 19th century.}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Aghte, Markus}, title = {Historische K{\"o}hlerei und ihre Hinterlassenschaft - Ein {\"U}berblick}, series = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, journal = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, editor = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg, Lehrstuhl Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung}, address = {Cottbus}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-4817}, pages = {1 -- 22}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Verbreitung und Eigenschaften von Meilerb{\"o}den in Brandenburg}, series = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, journal = {Erfassung und Bewertung von vorindustriellen Meilerstandorten - Workshop 19. Februar 2019}, editor = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Schopper, Franz}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus - Senftenberg, Fachgebiet Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung}, address = {Cottbus}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-4817}, pages = {23 -- 42}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabHirschRaabetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, title = {B{\"o}den historischer Landnutzung in der Niederlausitz - W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker und Kohlemeiler}, series = {Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge}, volume = {26}, journal = {Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge}, number = {1/2}, issn = {0947-1995}, pages = {5 -- 14}, abstract = {In der Niederlausitz finden sich - meist unter Kiefern- und Eichenforsten versteckt - zahlreiche Relikte der historischen Landnutzung, die bisher kaum bekannt sind. Zu den auff{\"a}lligsten Formen z{\"a}hlen W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker und Pl{\"a}tze ehemaliger Kohlemeiler. In einigen Regionen der Niederlausitz ist die Verbreitung der Landnutzungsrelikte so groß bzw. ihre Dichte so hoch, dass sie pr{\"a}gend f{\"u}r die Bodenlandschaft werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt an repr{\"a}sentativen Beispielen die charakteristischen Merkmale und Eigenschaften der B{\"o}den auf W{\"o}lb{\"a}ckern und Relikten von Holzkohlenmeilern (HKM).}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageMykhailovaHirschetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Mykhailova, Larysa and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William}, title = {FTIR-based inquiry on carbon in forest soil substrate enriched by aged biochar, West Connecticut, USA}, series = {Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweiz und der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Abstract-Band 2019}, journal = {Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweiz und der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, Abstract-Band 2019}, pages = {S. 198}, abstract = {Relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are sites of former charcoal production that are an increasingly well documented anthropogenic feature in forests of the temperate climate zone. However, the type and extent of a possible legacy effect from RCHs on soil physical and chemical properties is still largely unknown. In the Litchfield Hills in west Connecticut, RCH sites are located mainly on slopes and therefore differ in their architecture from lowland sites found in Europe. One of the striking characteristics of a RCH site regardless of its architecture is the enrichment of the soil with charcoal in varying particle sizes. In this study, we use chemical digestion coupled with a PLSR-model to quantify organic carbon and pyrogenic carbon in RCH substrate by MIR-DRIFT measurements. Furthermore, we analyse the quality of carbon compounds by MIR-DRIFT measurements on multiple grain size fractions to assess the post-burn enrichment of soil organic matter. Preliminary results show a markedly increase in organic and pyrogenic carbon in RCH substrates in relation to the natural forest soil. Also, our first results suggest that the enrichment of organic carbon is favoured on RCHsites. However, the causality between the enrichment of soil organic matter and site features remains open. Experiments using chemical extraction techniques on our samples hint at an increase of labile organic compounds and/or microbial biomass. This legacy effect of RCHs is however evident and further studies need to focus on how to address them.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchneiderDonovanHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Donovan, Sara and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Der Einfluss von Relikten der historischen K{\"o}hlerei auf Bodentemperatur und -w{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 350}, abstract = {Die Beimengung von Holzkohle in B{\"o}den kann deutlichen Einfluss auf die physikalischen Bodeneigenschaften haben. Solche Effekte treten nicht nur in gezielt mit Holzkohle („biochar") angereicherten Ackerb{\"o}den auf, sondern auch auf den Standorten historischer Holzkohlemeiler (HKM), die in vielen Waldgebieten in großer Zahl vorkommen. Die pr{\"a}gendste Eigenschaft solcher B{\"o}den auf HKM ist eine technogene, kohlereiche Substratschicht, die {\"u}ber dem nat{\"u}rlich entwickelten Bodenprofil abgelagert ist. In j{\"u}ngster Zeitwurden in mehreren Studien ein von den umliegenden Waldb{\"o}den abweichendes Vegetationswachstum und eine abweichende C-Dynamik auf HKM festgestellt. Welche Bodeneigenschaften der HKM solche Unterschiede bewirken, ist aber noch unklar. Ein m{\"o}glicher, bisher kaum untersuchter Einflussfaktor ist die Bodentemperatur. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss von Holzkohlebeimengungen auf die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit und das Bodentemperaturregime von HKM-B{\"o}den zu charakterisieren. Untersucht wurden HKM auf sandigem Substrat in der Lausitz (Brandenburg). An zwei Standorten wurden Profile auf HKM und benachbarten Waldb{\"o}den f{\"u}r ein Monitoring der Bodentemperatur {\"u}ber jeweils ein Jahr instrumentiert, die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit von HKM-Schicht, Ah-, fAh-und Bv-Horizont wurde im Labor bestimmt. In einem Laborexperiment wurde zus{\"a}tzlich die W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit von k{\"u}nstlich hergestellten Proben aus sandigem Substrat und Holzkohlefragmenten in unterschiedlichen Mischungsverh{\"a}ltnissen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutlich verringerte W{\"a}rmeleitf{\"a}higkeit des kohlereichen Substrats. Damit verbunden zeigen sich im Monitoring geringere Schwankungen der Bodentemperatur auf den HKM in tiefen Bereichen des Profils, in den obersten Dezimetern wurden hingegen st{\"a}rkere Schwankungen der Bodentemperatur festgestellt. Insgesamt zeigt sich damit ein noch {\"u}ber die technogene Substratschicht hinaus wirksamer Einfluss der typischen Eigenschaften des kohlereichen HKM-Substrats auf die Bodentemperatur.}, language = {de} } @misc{DietrichHirschHeinrichetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Hirsch, Florian and Heinrich, Martina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Bodenverbesserer aus Bioabfall -Potenzial aufbereiteter G{\"a}rrestprodukte aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung f{\"u}r die C-und N-Freisetzung im Boden}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 434}, abstract = {Die starke Beanspruchung unserer B{\"o}den durch intensive Landnutzung f{\"u}hrt weltweit zur stetigen Degradation der organischen Substanz in B{\"o}den, was mit einem R{\"u}ckgang des Bodenlebens und der Bodenfruchtbarkeit einhergeht. Um die Bodenfunktionen zu sch{\"u}tzen und besonders die Produktivit{\"a}t von B{\"o}den langfristig zu gew{\"a}hrleisten, bedarf es der R{\"u}ckf{\"u}hrung von organischer Substanz. Neben klassischen Strategien (Kompost/Dung/G{\"u}lle-Eintr{\"a}ge) stellen auch organische Abf{\"a}lle der Lebensmittelproduktionund -verwertung aus Industrie und privaten Haushalten einen wertvollen Rohstoff dar, der zur Anreicherung oder Wiederaufbau von Bodenhumus genutzt werden kann. Im Rahmen des von der ILB gef{\"o}rderten EFRE-StaF-Projektes G{\"a}rprodukte aus Bioabf{\"a}llen f{\"u}r die Landwirtschaft als Element einer nachhaltigen Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft und Energiebereitstellung soll das Potenzial bewertet werden, das mittels Rollagglomeration hergestellte G{\"a}rrestpellets besitzen, um Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff in B{\"o}den anreichern zu k{\"o}nnen.Dar{\"u}ber hinaus soll die Technologie der Pelletherstellung optimiert werden, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der gezielten Zugabe von organischen und mineralischen Zuschlagsstoffen liegt. Untersucht werden G{\"a}rreste aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung (Pfropfenstromfermenter) mit einer nachgelagerten Kompostierung im Labor-Technikum unter Zugabe von Zuschlagsstoffen (Melasse, Holzkohle, Bentonit, etc.) bei der Pelletierung. Das Abbauverhalten der so hergestellten G{\"a}rrestpellets im Boden wird mit Hilfe eines S{\"a}ulenversuchs unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Bodenart, Ausbringtiefe, Ausbringmenge, Boden-pH, Bodenfeuchte, Perkolationsrate, Temperatur, etc. betrachtet. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Freisetzung von Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff sowohl im Eluat als auch in der Bodenluft. Bisherige Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die G{\"a}rreste durch Pelletierung deutlich abbaustabiler werden und der Abbau der G{\"a}rrestpellets durch die Zuschlagsstoffe gezielt beeinflusst werden kann. Des Weiteren besitzen die pelletierten G{\"a}rreste verbesserte Lager-, Transport-und Applikationseigenschaften, die besonders bei der {\"o}konomischen Bewertung des Produkts sich als positiv darstellen.}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschBonhageBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Genese rubefizierter B{\"o}den in Mitteleuropa -multifaktorieller S{\"a}ulenversuch und feldbodenkundliche Kartierung}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 438}, abstract = {Rubefizierte B{\"o}den wie die f{\"u}r Nordostdeutschland beschriebenen ‚Fuchserden' (WRB: Rhodic Brunic Arenosols oder Chromic Brunic Arenosols) sind nicht nur ein lokales Ph{\"a}nomen. Auch wenn die Genese der ‚Fuchserden' bisher nicht abschließend gekl{\"a}rt ist, so widerlegt deren Vorkommen auf post-LGM zeitlichen Sedimenten eine pr{\"a}-pleistoz{\"a}ne Bodenbildung. Des Weiteren zeigen die bisherigen Untersuchungen in Nordostdeutschland und Polen, dass Fuchserden nicht durch in-situ Verwitterung entstanden sind, sondern dassdie rubefizierten Horizonte durch eine allochthone Anreicherung von Eisen entstanden sind und somit das Relief ein wesentlicher bodenbildender Faktor ist. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus scheint die Textur f{\"u}r die laterale Verlagerung bzw. Anreicherung immanent f{\"u}r die Genese der Fuchserden zu sein, da rubefizierte Horizonte zumindest auf den untersuchten Standorten in Nordostdeutschland bisher ausschließlich auf sandigem Substrat anzutreffen sind. Um die f{\"u}r die Genese der Fuchserden relevanten physiogeographischen und pedochemischen Parameter zu identifizieren, soll mittels einer Kombination aus feldbodenkundlicher Kartierung und nachgestellten S{\"a}ulenversuchen im Labor die Bildung von Fuchserden unter kontrollierten Bedingungen untersucht werden. Hierf{\"u}r werden neben bekannten Profilen bisher nicht weiter beschriebene Standorte mit Fuchserden feldbodenkundlich aufgenommen, um eine gr{\"o}ßere Breite naturr{\"a}umlicher Daten bzw. verschiedener Entstehungsbedingungen zu erhalten. Varianten mit unterschiedlichen physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Ausgangssubstraten sowie Reliefpositionen bilden die Basis f{\"u}r einen mehrfaktoriellen S{\"a}ulenversuch, der unter naturnahen Bedingungen in der Klimakammer stattfindet. Derzeit laufende Vorversuche zeigen, dass eine Ausf{\"a}llung r{\"o}tlicher Eisenoxiden aus eisenhaltigen L{\"o}sungen im Kapillarbereich sandiger Substrate bereits innerhalb weniger Wochen stattfindet und die Entstehung von rubefizierten Horizonten in Fuchserden m{\"o}glicherweise durch die Anlieferung eisenhaltiger L{\"o}sungen limitiert ist.}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Aged biochar enriched substrate increases SOM stocks of forest soils in the North German Lowland}, series = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, journal = {Abstract-Band, Jahrestagung der Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft der Schweizund der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen GesellschaftBern, 24.-29. August 2019}, pages = {S. 502}, abstract = {Recentfindings of more than 4000 relict charcoal hearths (RCH) in the forest district Tauer (Brandenburg, Germany) raise the question to what extent soil properties are controlled by a legacy effect of historical charcoal burning. RCH sites are characterized bya substantial admixture of charcoal fragments of varying particle sizes constituting an anthropogenic addition of carbon to the natural forest soil. Ages of about 250 years proven by dendrochronological dating of larger charcoal pieces on RCHs allow for assessing long-term effects of biochar application on forest soils. In this study, we measured the geometry and SOM content of 20 RCH sites in a selected part of the forest district. The results are the basis for a projection of RCH SOM stocks on a 40 ha forest plot with 120 RCH sites. In the range of statistical uncertainties it is shown that RCHs add between 13 \% and 32 \% of SOM to the SOM stock of the natural forest soil in the studied plot. These substantial amounts of SOM are so far not recognized by any soil survey or forest soil inventories of SOM and SOC stocks. In light of an increasing amount of studies that detect RCH sites in forests of Europe and the USA in the range of tens-and even hundreds of thousands, the question has to be asked how to address this legacy effect in ongoing scientific discussions about soil carbon stocks, carbon sequestration and the long-term effects of biochar application into soils.}, language = {de} } @misc{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Donovan, Sally}, title = {Long term anthropogenic enrichment of soil organic matter stocks in forest soils - detecting a legacy of historical charcoal production}, series = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {459}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, issn = {0378-1127}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117814}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Recent findings of several thousand relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) in the Tauer Forest (Brandenburg, Germany) raise questions about the legacy effects of historical charcoal production on soil properties. RCH sites are characterized by the admixture of charcoal fragments to the natural forest soil, constituting an anthropogenic addition of carbon. Dendrochronological dating of large charcoal pieces has identified RCH ages ranging from 1709 AD to 1823 AD for a subarea in the Tauer Forest, which allows for assessing century old effects of charcoal application on forest soils. We measured the geometry and soil organic matter (SOM) content of 20 RCH sites in a selected part of the forest. The results provide a basis for estimating RCH SOM stocks on a 40-ha forest plot with 120 RCH sites. We also assessed the accuracy of RCH mapping based on digital elevation models (DEMs) with results from a ground survey. Over 50 \% of sites were not detected by the DEM-based mapping. In the range of statistical uncertainties, RCHs add between 18 \% and 32 \% of SOM to the stock of the natural forest soil in the study area. This equals an additional 4.9 - 8.9 Mg of carbon per hectare of forest soil. These substantial amounts of SOM are so far not recognized by any survey or forest soil SOM inventories. Considering recent studies, which uncovered tens- and hundreds- of thousands of RCHs throughout Europe and the USA, we conclude that further knowledge of RCH SOM is important for quantifying anthropogenic SOM stocks on a global scale.}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageHirschRaabetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William}, title = {Characteristics of small anthropogenic landforms resulting from historical charcoal production in western Connecticut, USA}, series = {Catena}, volume = {195}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.104896}, pages = {14}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The soil moisture regime of charcoal-enriched land use legacy sites}, series = {Geoderma}, volume = {366}, journal = {Geoderma}, issn = {0016-7061}, doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114241}, pages = {15}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderBonhageRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Large-scale mapping of anthropogenic relief features—legacies of past forest use in two historical charcoal production areas in Germany}, series = {Geoarchaeology}, volume = {35}, journal = {Geoarchaeology}, number = {4}, issn = {1520-6548}, doi = {10.1002/gea.21782}, pages = {545 -- 561}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneiderBonhageetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas}, title = {An initiative for a morphologic-genetic catalog of relict charcoal hearths from Central Europe}, series = {Geoarchaeology}, volume = {35}, journal = {Geoarchaeology}, number = {6}, issn = {1520-6548}, doi = {10.1002/gea.21799}, pages = {974 -- 983}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanRaabHirsch, author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Distribution of silty mantles in soils of the Northcentral Appalachians, USA}, series = {Catena}, volume = {194}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.104701}, pages = {15}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageHirschRaabetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William}, title = {Stratigraphy and shape of relict charcoal hearths in Connecticut, USA}, series = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, journal = {Anthropogenetische Geomorphologie - Geomorophologie im Anthropoz{\"a}n : Virtuelle Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises f{\"u}r Geomorphologie 2020, 28./29. September 2020, BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg}, address = {Cottbus}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5363}, pages = {29}, language = {en} } @misc{RaabRaabHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna}, title = {Fingerprints from past charcoal burning - lessons learned and future perspective studying Relict Charcoal Hearths (RCH)}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2949}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The temperature and moisture regime of charcoal-enriched land use legacy soils}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2339}, language = {en} } @misc{KlosSutLohmannRaabetal., author = {Klos, Friederike and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Innovative Drone-based Hyperspectral Detection of Heavy Metals (Ni, Zn, and Cu) in Plants cultivated for Phytomining}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9370}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschMatvejevaDietrichetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Matvejeva, Agne and Dietrich, Nils and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Cultivation of industrial hemp using solid and liquid residues from municipal composting}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020, Online | 4-8 May 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19138}, language = {en} } @misc{DrohanRaabHirsch, author = {Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {The presence of silty mantles in Northcentral Appalachian, USA soils and their relevance to pedology}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-5661}, language = {en} } @misc{DietrichWilkinsonHirschetal., author = {Dietrich, Nils and Wilkinson, Daniel and Hirsch, Florian and Sut-Lohmann, Magdalena and Geschke, Antonia and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Microplastics and earthworms in soils: A case study on translocation, toxicity and fate}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2020}, doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7430}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschRaabetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Relikte historischer Kohlenmeier ini der Oberpfalz - Verbreitung und Erhaltung in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Naturraum}, series = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, journal = {Beitr{\"a}ge zur Arch{\"a}ologie in der Oberpfalz und in Regensburg}, number = {13}, issn = {1617-4461}, pages = {531 -- 546}, language = {de} } @misc{HirschRaabBłaszkiewicz, author = {Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław}, title = {Evidence for an alternative concept of the Finow soil formation}, series = {Catena}, volume = {198}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0008-7769}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.105064}, pages = {14}, language = {en} }