@misc{MappasVassiliadisDorneanuetal., author = {Mappas, Vassileios and Vassiliadis, Vassilios S. and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Maintenance scheduling optimisation of Reverse Osmosis Networks (RONs) via a multistage Optimal Control reformulation}, series = {Desalination}, volume = {543}, journal = {Desalination}, issn = {1873-4464}, doi = {10.1016/j.desal.2022.116105}, abstract = {State-of-the-art approaches for membrane cleaning scheduling have focused on the Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) formulation so far, a strategy leading to a combinatorial problem that does not capture accurately the dynamic behaviour of the system. In this work, the Reverse Osmosis (RO) cleaning scheduling problem is solved using a novel approach based on the Multistage Integer Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem (MSINOCP) formulation. The approach produces an automated solution for the membrane cleaning scheduling, which also obviates the need for any form of combinatorial optimisation. Two different simulations, for 26 and 52 periods of operation (each period with a duration of one week), are carried out to illustrate the application of the proposed framework and the total cost is 1.17 and 2.48 10⁷ €, respectively. The RO network configuration considers 2 stages, each with 3 individual RO modules. The results show evidently that the new proposed solution framework can solve successfully this type of problems, even for large scale configurations, long time horizons and arbitrary realistic complexity of the underlying dynamic model of the RO process considered.}, language = {en} } @misc{CamposManriqueDorneanuetal., author = {Campos, Jean C. and Manrique, Jose and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Ipanaqu{\´e}, William and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {A smart decision framework for the prediction of thrips incidence in organic banana crops}, series = {Ecological Modelling}, volume = {473}, journal = {Ecological Modelling}, issn = {1872-7026}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110147}, abstract = {Various pests which diminish the quality of the fruit have a big influence on the organic banana production in the Piura region of Peru (and not only) and prevent it from being sold on the international market. In this study, a framework for facilitating the prediction of the pest incidence in organic banana crops is developed. To achieve this, a data acquisition system with smart sensors is implemented to monitor the meteorological variables that influence the growth of the pests. The proposed framework is utilised for the assessment of various mathematical representations of the pest incidence. These models are adapted from population growth functions and built in such way as to predict the behaviour of the insects at non-regular time intervals. A hybrid approach, combining mechanistic and data-based methods is utilised for the development of the models. Both linear and nonlinear dynamic relationships with the temperature are assumed. The results show that nonlinear model representations have greater accuracy (a fit index of more than 70\%), which provides a basis for improving pest management actions on the organic banana farms.}, language = {en} } @misc{DorneanuZhangRuanetal., author = {Dorneanu, Bogdan and Zhang, Sushen and Ruan, Hang and Heshmat, Mohamed and Chen, Ruijuan and Vassiliadis, Vassilios S. and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Big data and machine learning: A roadmap towards smart plants}, series = {Frontiers of Engineering Management}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers of Engineering Management}, doi = {10.1007/s42524-022-0218-0}, pages = {623 -- 639}, abstract = {Industry 4.0 aims to transform chemical and biochemical processes into intelligent systems via the integration of digital components with the actual physical units involved. This process can be thought of as the addition of a central nervous system with a sensing and control monitoring of components and regulating the performance of the individual physical assets (processes, units, etc.) involved. Established technologies central to the digital integrating components are smart sensing, mobile communication, Internet of Things, modelling and simulation, advanced data processing, storage and analysis, advanced process control, artificial intelligence and machine learning, cloud computing, and virtual and augmented reality. An essential element to this transformation is the exploitation of large amounts of historical process data and large volumes of data generated in real-time by smart sensors widely used in industry. Exploitation of the information contained in these data requires the use of advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies integrated with more traditional modelling techniques. The purpose of this paper is twofold: a) to present the state-of-the-art of the aforementioned technologies, and b) to present a strategic plan for their integration toward the goal of an autonomous smart plant capable of self-adaption and self-regulation for short- and long-term production management.}, language = {en} } @misc{DorneanuHeshmatMohamedetal., author = {Dorneanu, Bogdan and Heshmat, Mohamed and Mohamed, Abdelrahim and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Monitoring of smart chemical processes: A Sixth Sense approach}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {49}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-323-85159-6.50226-8}, pages = {1357 -- 1362}, abstract = {This paper introduces the development of an intelligent monitoring and control framework for chemical processes, integrating the advantages of technologies such as Industry 4.0, cooperative control or fault detection via wireless sensor networks. The system described is able to detect faults using information on the process' structure and behaviour, information on the equipment and expert knowledge. Its integration with the monitoring system facilitates the detection and optimisation of controller actions. The results indicate that the proposed approach achieves high fault detection accuracy based on plant measurements, while the cooperative controller improves the operation of the process.}, language = {en} } @misc{YentumiDorneanuArellanoGarcia, author = {Yentumi, Richard and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Mathematical modelling, simulation and optimisation of an indirect water bath heater at the Takoradi distribution station (TDS)}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {49}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-323-85159-6.50163-9}, pages = {979 -- 984}, abstract = {In this contribution, a dynamic first principles model of an existing 3.01 MW natural gas fired water bath heater (WBH) in operation at the Takoradi Distribution Station (TDS) in Ghana is developed primarily to predict the outlet temperature of the natural gas stream being heated. The model is intended to be applied during operations to provide useful data to optimise material and energy consumption, as well as minimise CO2 emissions. Due to the low thermal efficiencies of WBHs, even small improvements in efficiency can result in significant savings. The firetube and process coils are both modelled as onedimensional (1D) thin-walled tubes and the entire model incorporates mass and energy conservation equations, heat transfer rate relations and rigorous thermodynamic p-V-T relations. In contrast to what commonly exists in literature, this model accurately estimates the enthalpy change of the natural gas stream being heated by accounting for its enthalpy departure correction term due to pressure, in addition to the ideal gas heat capacity relation which is a function of only temperature. The coupled ordinary differential and algebraic equations are implemented using gPROMS® ModelBuilder® V4.2.0, a commercial modelling and simulation software. Verification of the model results showed good agreement between the model predictions and actual on field measurements. With excess air at 15\%, the simulation results closely approximate measured data with an absolute error of about 0.31 \%. More importantly, the results show that significant savings of up to 30\% per annum can be made through optimal operation of the water bath heater.}, language = {en} } @misc{DorneanuVassiliadisArellanoGarcia, author = {Dorneanu, Bogdan and Vassiliadis, Vassilios S. and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Maintenance scheduling optimization for decaying performance nonlinear dynamic processes}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {49}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-323-85159-6.50084-1}, pages = {505 -- 510}, abstract = {A first contribution of this paper is an overview of the research efforts and contributions over several decades in the area of scheduling maintenance optimization for decaying performance dynamic processes. Following breakthrough ideas and implementation in the area of heat exchanger networks for optimal scheduling of cleaning actions subject to exchanger surface fouling, these concepts were transferred successfully to the area of scheduling catalyst replacement actions in catalytic reactor networks. This necessary overview leads to the main, second contribution aimed with this work: its application to restorative maintenance scheduling in the area of RON regeneration actions planning, as well as point to new areas where this approach can be fruitfully applied to and extended into in the near future - particularly enhancing model descriptions that include general types of planning uncertainty. The effectiveness and efficacy of the approach is demonstrated computationally in this work.}, language = {en} } @misc{SebastiaSaezHernandezArellanoGarciaetal., author = {Sebastia-Saez, Daniel and Hernandez, Leonor and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey and Enrique Julia, Jose}, title = {Numerical and experimental characterization of the hydrodynamics and drying kinetics of a barbotine slurry spray}, series = {Chemical Engineering Science}, volume = {195}, journal = {Chemical Engineering Science}, issn = {1873-4405}, doi = {10.1016/j.ces.2018.11.040}, pages = {83 -- 94}, abstract = {Spray drying is a basic unit operation in several process industries such as food, pharmaceutical, ceramic, and others. In this work, a Eulerian-Lagrangian three-phase simulation is presented to study the drying process of barbotine slurry droplets for the production of ceramic tiles. To this end, the simulated velocity field produced by a spray nozzle located at the Institute of Ceramic Technology in Castell{\´o} (Spain) is benchmarked against measurements obtained by means of laser Doppler anemometry in order to validate the numerical model. Also, the droplet size distribution generated by the nozzle is obtained at operating conditions by means of laser diffraction and the data obtained are compared qualitatively to those found in the literature. The characteristic Rosin-Rammler droplet size from the distribution is introduced thereafter in the three-phase simulation to analyse the drying kinetics of individual droplets. The model predicts the theoretical linear evolution of the square diameter (D²-law), and the temperature and mass exchange with the environment. The proposed model is intended to support the design and optimization of industrial spray dryers.}, language = {en} } @misc{FosterSebastiaSaezArellanoGarcia, author = {Foster, Niall and Sebastia-Saez, Daniel and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Fractal branch-like fractal shell-and-tube heat exchangers: A CFD study of the shell side performance}, series = {IFAC-PapersOnLine}, volume = {52}, journal = {IFAC-PapersOnLine}, number = {1}, issn = {2405-8963}, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.06.044}, pages = {100 -- 105}, abstract = {Nature has provided some of the most ingenious and elegant solutions to complex problems over millions of years of refining through evolution. The adaptation of Nature´s solutions to engineering problems is a recent trend which has opened opportunities for improvement in many areas ranging from Architecture to Chemical Engineering. In particular, the use of fractal geometries on heat exchangers is a recent design trend. Recent investigations highlight the benefit of implementing fractal-based geometries on the tube side of shell and tube heat exchangers. A complete evaluation of such devices by assessing the performance of the shell side has not been undertaken, though. Here, we present a systematic numerical assessment of the shell side of a tree-like shaped heat exchanger. Key performance parameters, i.e. temperature change, pressure drop and coefficient of performance, are obtained and compared to those of a straight tube, in order to fully understand the potential of the application of fractal-based shapes to the design of heat exchangers.}, language = {en} } @misc{DorneanuMashamMechlerietal., author = {Dorneanu, Bogdan and Masham, Elliot and Mechleri, Evgenia and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Centralised versus localised supply chain management using a flow configuration model}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {46}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818634-3.50231-9}, pages = {1381 -- 1386}, abstract = {Traditional food supply chains are often centralised and global in nature. Moreover they require a large amount of resource which is an issue in a time with increasing need for more sustainable food supply chains. A solution is to use localised food supply chains, an option theorised to be more sustainable, yet not proven. Therefore, this paper compares the two systems to investigate which one is more environmentally friendly, cost efficient and resilient to disruption risks. This comparison between the two types of supply chains, is performed using MILP models for an ice cream supply chain for the whole of England over the period of a year. The results obtained from the models show that the localised model performs best environmentally and economically, whilst the traditional, centralised supply chain performs best for resilience.}, language = {en} } @misc{YentumiDorneanuArellanoGarcia, author = {Yentumi, Richard and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Modelling and optimal operation of a natural gas fired natural draft heater}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {46}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818634-3.50165-X}, pages = {985 -- 990}, abstract = {Current industrial trends promote reduction of material and energy consumption of fossil fuel burning, and energy-intensive process equipment. It is estimated that approximately 75\% of the energy consumption in hydrocarbon processing facilities is used by such equipment as fired heater, hence even small improvements in the energy conservation may lead to significant savings [1, 2]. In this work, a mathematical modelling and optimisation study is undertaken using gPROMS® ProcessBuilder® to determine the optimal operating conditions of an existing API 560 Type-E vertical-cylindrical type natural draft fired heater, in operation at the Atuabo Gas Processing Plant (GPP), in the Western Region of Ghana. It is demonstrated that the optimisation results in significant reduction of fuel gas consumption and operational costs.}, language = {en} } @misc{AlHmoudSebastiaSaezArellanoGarcia, author = {Al-Hmoud, Aya and Sebastia-Saez, Daniel and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Comparative CFD analysis of thermal energy storage materials in photovoltaic/thermal panels}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {46}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818634-3.50133-8}, pages = {793 -- 798}, abstract = {Photovoltaic/thermal systems are a novel renewable energy approach to transform incident radiation into electricity and simultaneously store the excess thermal energy produced. Both sensible and latent heat storage materials have been investigated in the past for thermal storage; with desert sand having been recently considered as an efficient and inexpensive alternative. In this work, we use a transient Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation to compare the performance of desert sand to that of well-established phase-change materials used in photovoltaic/thermal systems. The simulation gives as a result the temperature profiles within the device as well as the time evolution of the charge/discharge cycles when using PCMs. The results show the suitability of desert sand as a thermal storage material to be used in photovoltaic/thermal systems.}, language = {en} } @misc{MechleriSidnellDorneanuetal., author = {Mechleri, Evgenia and Sidnell, Tim and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Optimisation and control of a distributed energy resource network using Internet-of-Things technologies}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {46}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-818634-3.50014-X}, pages = {79 -- 84}, abstract = {This work investigates the use of variable pricing to control electricity imported and exported to and from both fixed and unfixed distributed energy resource network designs within the UK residential sector. It was proven that networks which utilise much of their own energy and import little from the national grid are barely affected by variable import pricing, but are encouraged to export more energy to the grid by dynamic export pricing. Dynamic import and export pricing increased CO2 emissions due to feed-in tariffs which encourages CHP generation over lower-carbon technologies such as solar panels or wind turbines.}, language = {en} } @misc{ArellanoGarciaDorneanuMechleri, author = {Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Mechleri, Evgenia}, title = {Devicification of Food Process Engineering}, series = {Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering}, volume = {2019}, journal = {Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.14426-9}, abstract = {Food and beverages industry is facing major challenges in the years to come, as the world population is expected to grow, accompanied by a growing need for energy, feed and fuel. Much of the processing in the food industry is performed in small-scale decentralized plants, with relatively few possibilities of energy recovery. Innovation in areas such as process and product modeling, process intensification and process control enable the development of new manufacturing pathways, more efficient, versatile, selective and sustainable. Furthermore, the addition of Internet of Things elements and the way they connect to the physical process will ensure continuous communication between the various actors of the food value chain. This will enable the design of new compact, scalable, flexible, modular, and automated production equipment that will offer food manufacturers the ability to respond rapidly, economically, accurately and flexibly to the consumer demands.}, language = {en} } @book{OdriozolaRamirezReinaArellanoGarcia, author = {Odriozola, Jos{\´e} Antonio and Ramirez Reina, Tomas and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Berlin ; Boston}, isbn = {978-3-527-34639-4}, pages = {496}, abstract = {A comprehensive guide that offers a review of the current technologies that tackle CO2 emissionsThe race to reduce CO2 emissions continues to be an urgent global challenge. "Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion" offers a thorough guide to the most current technologies designed to mitigate CO2 emissions ranging from CO2 capture to CO2 utilization approaches....}, language = {en} } @misc{ArellanoGarciaIfeSanduketal., author = {Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey and Ife, Maximilian R. and Sanduk, Mohammed and Sebastia-Saez, Daniel}, title = {Hydrogen production via load-matched coupled solar-proton exchange membrane electrolysis using aqueous methanol}, series = {Chemical engineering \& technology}, volume = {42}, journal = {Chemical engineering \& technology}, number = {11}, issn = {1521-4125}, doi = {10.1002/ceat.201900285}, pages = {2340 -- 2347}, abstract = {This study investigates hydrogen production via a directly coupled solar-PEM electrolysis system using aqueous methanol instead of water. The effect of load matching and methanol concentration on hydrogen production rates, electrolysis efficiency, and solar-hydrogen efficiency was investigated. The electrolysis efficiencies were subsequently used in simulation studies to estimate production costs in scaled up systems. The results show that the added hydrogen production associated with the methanol solutions leads to favourable hydrogen production costs at smaller scales.}, language = {en} } @misc{SebastiaSaezRamirezReinaSilvaetal., author = {Sebastia-Saez, Daniel and Ramirez Reina, Tomas and Silva, Ravi and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Synthesis and characterisation of n-octacosane@silica nanocapsules for thermal storage applications}, series = {International Journal of Energy Research}, volume = {44}, journal = {International Journal of Energy Research}, number = {3}, issn = {1099-114X}, doi = {10.1002/er.5039}, pages = {2306 -- 2315}, abstract = {This work reports the synthesis and characterisation of a core-shell n-octacosane@silica nanoencapsulated phase-change material obtained via interfacial hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate in miniemulsion. Silica has been used as the encapsulating material because of its thermal advantages relative to synthesised polymers. The material presents excellent heat storage potential, with a measured melting latent heat varying between 57.1 and 89.0 kJ kg-1 (melting point between 58.2°C and 59.9°C) and a small particle size (between 565 and 227 nm). Degradation of the n-octacosane core starts between 150°C and 180°C. Also, the use of silica as shell material gives way to a heat conductivity of 0.796 W m-1 K-1 (greater than that of nanoencapsulated materials with polymeric shell). Charge/discharge cycles have been successfully simulated at low pressure to prove the suitability of the nanopowder as phase-change material. Further research will be carried out in the future regarding the use of the synthesised material in thermal applications involving nanofluids.}, language = {en} } @misc{GehringDorneanuManriqueSilupuetal., author = {Gehring, Nicole and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Manrique-Silup{\´u}, Jos{\´e} and Ipanaqu{\´e}, William and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Circular Economy in Banana Cultivation}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {48}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-823377-1.50262-7}, pages = {1567 -- 1572}, abstract = {This paper examines the most important approaches that could be applied for the introduction of circular economy strategies for the banana production process in the region of Piura (Peru). Based on this, a framework for an optimized economic cycle that is able to conserve resources and minimize the capital investments of farmers, while simultaneously increasing their production, can be created. Challenges and potential solutions are discussed for the production stages.}, language = {en} } @misc{HamdanSebastiaSaezHamdanetal., author = {Hamdan, Mustapha and Sebastia-Saez, Daniel and Hamdan, Malak and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {CFD Analysis of the Use of Desert Sand as Thermal Energy Storage Medium in a Solar Powered Fluidised Bed Harvesting Unit}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {48}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-823377-1.50059-8}, pages = {349 -- 354}, abstract = {This work presents an Euler-Euler hydrodynamic and heat transfer numerical analysis of the multiphase flow involving desert sand and a continuous gas phase in a compact-size fluidised bed. The latter is part of a novel conceptual solar power design intended for domestic use. Desert sand is a highly available and unused resource with suitable thermal properties to be employed as thermal energy storage medium. It also allows for high working temperatures owing to its high resistance to agglomeration. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations are used here to assess the heat transfer between desert sand and several proposed working fluids (including air, argon, nitrogen and carbon dioxide) to justify the design in terms of equipment dimensions and suitability of the materials used. The results show that the device can provide up to 1,031 kW when using carbon dioxide as the heat transfer fluid.}, language = {en} } @misc{MenzhausenMerinoDorneanuetal., author = {Menzhausen, Robert and Merino, Manuel and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {A Fuzzy Control Approach for an Industrial Refrigeration System}, series = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, volume = {48}, journal = {Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1570-7946}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-823377-1.50210-X}, pages = {1255 -- 1260}, abstract = {This contribution presents the development of a model for the refrigeration plant used for mangos, which is able to simulate both the chamber and the fruit temperatures. The model is developed from energy balances for each section of the refrigeration system and the fruits, and is the basis for the setup of a fuzzy controller, capable of regulating continuously the compressor's frequency to achieve the desired temperature. The model is able to accurately predict the chamber temperature profiles, but is more sensitive when simulating the fruit temperature. The fuzzy controller is able to achieve the set-point more accurately and in a shorter time than the on/off control, achieving a decrease in energy consumption as well.}, language = {en} } @misc{ArellanoGarciaBarzDorneanuetal., author = {Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey and Barz, Tilman and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Vassiliadis, Vassilios S.}, title = {Real-time feasibility of nonlinear model predictive control for semi-batch reactors subject to uncertainty and disturbances}, series = {Computers \& Chemical Engineering}, volume = {133}, journal = {Computers \& Chemical Engineering}, issn = {1873-4375}, doi = {10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.106529}, abstract = {This paper presents two nonlinear model predictive control based methods for solving closed-loop stochastic dynamic optimisation problems, ensuring both robustness and feasibility with respect to state output constraints. The first one is a new deterministic approach, using the wait-and-see strategy. The key idea is to specifically anticipate violation of output hard-constraints, which are strongly affected by instantaneous disturbances, by backing off of their bounds along the moving horizon. The second method is a stochastic approach to solve nonlinear chance-constrained dynamic optimisation problems under uncertainties. The key aspect is the explicit consideration of the stochastic properties of both exogenous and endogenous uncertainties in the problem formulation (here-and-now strategy). The approach considers a nonlinear relation between uncertain inputs and the constrained state outputs. The performance of the proposed methodologies is assessed via an application to a semi-batch reactor under safety constraints, involving strongly exothermic reactions.}, language = {en} } @misc{MohamedRuanHeshmatHassanAbdelwahabetal., author = {Mohamed, Abdelrahim and Ruan, Hang and Heshmat Hassan Abdelwahab, Mohamed and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Xiao, Pei and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey and Gao, Yang and Tafazolli, Rahim}, title = {An Inter-Disciplinary Modelling Approach in Industrial 5G/6G and Machine Learning Era}, series = {2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)}, journal = {2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)}, address = {Dublin, Ireland}, isbn = {978-1-7281-7440-2}, issn = {2474-9133}, doi = {10.1109/ICCWorkshops49005.2020.9145434}, pages = {1 -- 6}, abstract = {Recently, the fifth-generation (5G) cellular system has been standardised. As opposed to legacy cellular systems geared towards broadband services, the 5G system identifies key use cases for ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) and massive machine-type communications (mMTC). These intrinsic 5G capabilities enable promising sensor-based vertical applications and services such as industrial process automation. The latter includes autonomous fault detection and prediction, optimised operations and proactive control. Such applications enable equipping industrial plants with a sixth sense (6S) for optimised operations and fault avoidance. In this direction, we introduce an inter-disciplinary approach integrating wireless sensor networks with machine learning-enabled industrial plants to build a step towards developing this 6S technology. We develop a modular-based system that can be adapted to the vertical-specific elements. Without loss of generalisation, exemplary use cases are developed and presented including a fault detection/prediction scheme, and a sensor density-based boundary between orthogonal and non-orthogonal transmissions. The proposed schemes and modelling approach are implemented in a real chemical plant for testing purposes, and a high fault detection and prediction accuracy is achieved coupled with optimised sensor density analysis.}, language = {en} } @misc{StephensonCarvalhoElleroSebastiaSaezetal., author = {Stephenson, Ted and Carvalho Ellero, Caio and Sebastia-Saez, Daniel and Klymenko, Oleksiy and Battley, Angela Maria and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {Numerical modelling of the interaction between eccrine sweat and textile fabric for the development of smart clothing}, series = {International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology}, volume = {32}, journal = {International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology}, number = {5}, issn = {0955-6222}, doi = {10.1108/IJCST-07-2019-0100}, pages = {761 -- 774}, abstract = {Purpose Live non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers is of great importance for the medical community. Moreover, some studies suggest that there is a substantial business gap in the development of mass-production commercial sweat-analysing wearables with great revenue potential. The objective of this work is to quantify the concentration of biomarkers that reaches the area of the garment where a sensor is positioned to advance the development of commercial sweat-analysing garments. Design/methodology/approach Computational analysis of the microfluidic transport of biomarkers within eccrine sweat glands provides a powerful way to explore the potential for quantitative measurements of biomarkers that can be related to the health and/or the physical activity parameters of an individual. The numerical modelling of sweat glands and the interaction of sweat with a textile layer remain however rather unexplored. This work presents a simulation of the production of sweat in the eccrine gland, reabsorption from the dermal duct into the surrounding skin and diffusion within an overlying garment. Findings The model represents satisfactorily the relationship between the biomarker concentration and the flow rate of sweat. The biomarker distribution across an overlying garment has also been calculated and subsequently compared to the minimum amount detectable by a sensor previously reported in the literature. The model can thus be utilized to check whether or not a given sensor can detect the minimum biomarker concentration threshold accumulated on a particular type of garment. Originality/value The present work presents to the best of our knowledge, the earliest numerical models of the sweat gland carried out so far. The model describes the flow of human sweat along the sweat duct and on to an overlying piece of garment. The model considers complex phenomena, such as reabsorption of sweat into the skin layers surrounding the duct, and the structure of the fibres composing the garment. Biomarker concentration maps are obtained to check whether sensors can detect the threshold concentration that triggers an electric signal. This model finds application in the development of smart textiles.}, language = {en} } @misc{BaenaMorenoCidCastilloArellanoGarciaetal., author = {Baena-Moreno, Francisco Manuel and Cid-Castillo, N. and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey and Ramirez Reina, Tomas}, title = {Towards emission free steel manufacturing - Exploring the advantages of a CO2 methanation unit to minimize CO2 emissions}, series = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {781}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, issn = {1879-1026}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146776}, abstract = {This paper demonstrates the benefits of incorporating CO2 utilisation through methanation in the steel industry. This approach allows to produce synthetic methane, which can be recycled back into the steel manufacturing process as fuel and hence saving the consumption of natural gas. To this end, we propose a combined steel-making and CO2 utilisation prototype whose key units (shaft furnace, reformer and methanation unit) have been modelled in Aspen Plus V8.8. Particularly, the results showed an optimal performance of the shaft furnace at 800°C and 6 bar, as well as 1050°C and atmospheric pressure for the reformer unit. Optimal results for the methanation reactor were observed at 350°C. Under these optimal conditions, 97.8\% of the total CO2 emissions could be mitigated from a simplified steel manufacturing scenario and 89.4\% of the natural gas used in the process could be saved. A light economic approach is also presented, revealing that the process could be profitable with future technologic developments, natural gas prices and forthcoming increases of CO2 emissions taxes. Indeed, the cash-flow can be profitable (325 k€) under the future costs: methanation operational cost at 0.105 €/Nm³; electrolysis operational cost at 0.04 €kWh, natural gas price at 32 €/MWh; and CO2 penalty at 55€/MWh. Hence this strategy is not only environmentally advantageous but also economically appealing and could represent an interesting route to contribute towards steel-making decarbonisation.}, language = {en} } @misc{MechleriDorneanuArellanoGarcia, author = {Mechleri, Evgenia and Dorneanu, Bogdan and Arellano-Garc{\´i}a, Harvey}, title = {A Model Predictive Control-Based Decision-Making Strategy for Residential Microgrids}, series = {Eng}, volume = {3}, journal = {Eng}, number = {1}, issn = {2673-4117}, doi = {10.3390/eng3010009}, pages = {100 -- 115}, abstract = {This work presents the development of a decision-making strategy for fulfilling the power and heat demands of small residential neighborhoods. The decision on the optimal operation of a microgrid is based on the model predictive control (MPC) rolling horizon. In the design of the residential microgrid, the new approach different technologies, such as photovoltaic (PV) arrays, micro-combined heat and power (micro-CHP) units, conventional boilers and heat and electricity storage tanks are considered. Moreover, electricity transfer between the microgrid components and the national grid are possible. The MPC problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. The proposed novel approach is applied to two case studies: one without electricity storage, and one integrated microgrid with electricity storage. The results show the benefits of considering the integrated microgrid, as well as the advantage of including electricity storage.}, language = {en} }