@misc{SpallekZeebRazum, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Zeeb, Hajo and Razum, Oliver}, title = {What do we have to know from migrants' past exposure to understand their health status? A life course approach}, series = {Emerging Themes in Epidemiology}, volume = {8}, journal = {Emerging Themes in Epidemiology}, issn = {1742-7622}, doi = {10.1186/1742-7622-8-6}, pages = {6}, language = {en} } @misc{SpallekZeebRazum, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Zeeb, Hajo and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Prevention among Immigrants: The example of Germany}, series = {BMC Public Health}, volume = {10}, journal = {BMC Public Health}, issn = {1471-2458}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-10-92}, pages = {92}, language = {en} } @misc{ZeebSpallekRazum, author = {Zeeb, Hajo and Spallek, Jacob and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Epidemiologische Perspektiven der Migrationsforschung am Beispiel von Krebserkrankungen}, series = {Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie}, volume = {58}, journal = {Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie}, number = {3}, issn = {1439-1058}, doi = {10.1055/s-2008-1067347}, pages = {130 -- 135}, language = {de} } @misc{ErnstReeskeSpalleketal., author = {Ernst, Sinja Alexandra and Reeske, Anna and Spallek, Jacob and Petersen, Knud and Brand, Tilman and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Care-related factors associated with antepartal diagnosis of intrauterine growth restriction: a case-control study}, series = {BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth}, volume = {14}, journal = {BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth}, issn = {1471-2393}, doi = {10.1186/s12884-014-0371-5}, pages = {371}, language = {en} } @misc{SpallekKrilleReinersetal., author = {Spallek, Lena and Krille, L. and Reiners, Christoph and Schneider, R. and Yamashita, S. and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Adverse effects of iodine thyroid blocking: a systematic review}, series = {Radiation Protection Dosimetry}, volume = {150}, journal = {Radiation Protection Dosimetry}, number = {3}, issn = {0144-8420}, doi = {10.1093/rpd/ncr400}, pages = {266 -- 267}, language = {en} } @misc{ErnstBrandReeskeetal., author = {Ernst, Sinja Alexandra and Brand, Tilman and Reeske, Anna and Spallek, Jacob and Petersen, Knud and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Care-Related and Maternal Risk Factors Associated with the Antenatal Nondetection of Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Case-Control Study from Bremen,Germany}, series = {BioMed Research International}, journal = {BioMed Research International}, issn = {2314-6141}, doi = {10.1155/2017/1746146}, pages = {1746146}, language = {en} } @misc{SpallekYilmazAslanKleinEllinghausetal., author = {Spallek, Lena and Yilmaz-Aslan, Y{\"u}ce and Klein-Ellinghaus, Funda and G{\"o}k, Ye{\c{s}}im and Zeeb, Hajo and Kolip, Petra and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Deficits in psycho-oncological care among Turkish immigrant women with breast cancer in Germany - an interview study}, series = {International Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research}, volume = {1}, journal = {International Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research}, number = {2}, issn = {2574-612X}, doi = {10.14302/issn.2574-612X.ijpr-17-1746}, pages = {1 -- 10}, language = {en} } @misc{SpallekSchumannZeeb, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Schumann, Maria and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Utilization of prevention and health promotion among migrants}, series = {Public Health Forum}, volume = {26}, journal = {Public Health Forum}, number = {2}, issn = {1876-4851}, pages = {116 -- 120}, abstract = {The uptake of existing preventive and health promotion offers by migrants in Germany is rather heterogeneous, and major information gaps are noted. Current results provide limited evidence that migrants and their children seem to use prevention and health promotion services less frequently than non-migrants. In order to improve access to preventive and other health services for migrants, a combination of migrant-specific and migrant-sensitive approaches seems to be useful.}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZeebHuebnerSpallek, author = {Zeeb, Hajo and H{\"u}bner, W. and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Migration und gesundheitliche Ungleichheit}, series = {Diversit{\"a}t und gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit}, booktitle = {Diversit{\"a}t und gesundheitliche Chancengleichheit}, editor = {Pundt, Johanna and Cacace, Mirella}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {APOLLON University Press}, address = {Bremen}, isbn = {978-3-943001-40-2}, language = {de} } @incollection{TallarekZeebSpallek, author = {Tallarek, Marie and Zeeb, Hajo and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Versorgung von zugewanderten Menschen in Deutschland. Bedarf, Inanspruchnahme und Verbesserungspotenziale}, series = {Handbuch Transkulturelle Psychiatrie}, booktitle = {Handbuch Transkulturelle Psychiatrie}, editor = {Klosinski, Matthias and Castro N{\´u}{\~n}ez, Sandra and Oestereich, Cornelia and Hegemann, Thomas}, edition = {1}, publisher = {Psychiatrie Verlag}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {978-3-8252-5945-7}, doi = {10.36198/9783838559452}, pages = {77 -- 92}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag gibt einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber theoretische Konzepte sowie epidemiologisch-empirische Erkenntnisse zu H{\"a}ufigkeit und Determinanten psychischer Erkrankungen bei zugewanderten Menschen sowie zur Inanspruchnahme und Versorgungspraxis. Auf der Basis dieser Erkenntnisse werden vielversprechende Ans{\"a}tze der Versorgungspraxis sowie der weiteren Forschung vorgestellt.}, language = {de} } @techreport{DeSantisMuellmannPanetal., author = {De Santis, Karina Karolina and M{\"u}llmann, Saskia and Pan, Chen-Chia and Spallek, Jacob and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Digitalisierung und Gesundheit: Ergebnisse einer zweiten bundesweiten Befragung in Deutschland}, pages = {21}, abstract = {Diese Studie untersuchte Einstellungen zu und Nutzung von digitalen Technologien im Gesundheitskontext anhand einer zweiten bundesweiten Befragung von Internetnutzenden in Deutschland. Unser Ziel war es zu ermitteln, ob und wie sich Einstellungen zu und Nutzung von digitalen Technologien im Gesundheitskontext zwei Jahre nach der ersten Befragung ver{\"a}ndert haben.}, language = {de} } @misc{DeSantisMuellmannPanetal., author = {De Santis, Karina Karolina and Muellmann, Saskia and Pan, Chen-Chia and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Digitisation and health: Second nationwide survey of internet users in Germany}, series = {Digital Health}, volume = {Volume 10}, journal = {Digital Health}, doi = {10.1177/20552076241301457}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Objective: Rapid digitisation of health occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. In October 2020, we conducted a survey on digital health technology use in Germany. This study aimed to conduct a second survey to investigate in more detail the internet use in health context and digital technology use for health promotion and disease prevention in Germany. Methods: A cross-sectional, nationwide telephone survey was conducted in November 2022. Anonymous data on internet and digital technology use, digital health literacy, and sociodemographic characteristics were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regressions. Results: The 1020 participants were aged 18-92 years, 53\% were male, 62\% completed primary or secondary education, 71\% resided in large cities, and 45\% reported a country-average net household income. Overall, 61\% reported internet use in health context via 1-4 devices. Among those, more than 50\% used the internet and apps to obtain general health information and less than 50\% used digital technologies for physical activity promotion or cancer prevention. Overall, 34\% were confident in using the internet for health decisions and 71\% preferred to receive health information non-digitally (e.g. on paper). Internet, app, and digital technology use were associated with higher digital health literacy and income, and residence in larger cities. Digital technologies were used for physical activity promotion by younger and for cancer prevention by older participants. Conclusion: The internet and digital technologies were predominantly used to obtain health information, but less often for health promotion and disease prevention in 2022 in Germany. While health app and digital technology use for physical activity promotion increased, the confidence in using online information for health decisions decreased in 2022 relative to 2020. Factors that promote confidence in online health information and digital technology use for health promotion and disease prevention need to be investigated in future studies.}, language = {en} } @misc{SpallekHoffmannStableretal., author = {Spallek, Jacob and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Stabler, Martin and Hecht, Henriette and Bangert, Benjamin and Martens, Lea and Irrgang, Christopher and Ladewig, Katharina and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Digital Public Health in l{\"a}ndlichen Regionen Deutschlands mit relativer sozio{\"o}konomischer Deprivation: das Beispiel des Lausitzer Zentrums f{\"u}r Digital Public Health}, series = {German Medical Sciences}, journal = {German Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.3205/24gmds630}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0183-24gmds6307}, abstract = {Einleitung: Digitale Gesundheitstechnologien - wie online Plattformen und tragbare Ger{\"a}te - bieten vermehrt M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Verbesserung von Pr{\"a}vention, Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung und Gesundheitsversorgung. Europ{\"a}ische Studien haben aber auch gezeigt, dass sie nicht f{\"u}r alle Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppen und Gebiete gleichermaßen zug{\"a}nglich, nutzbar und wirksam sind, um die Gesundheit zu verbessern. Vor allem Menschen, die in l{\"a}ndlichen Gebieten leben, Sprachbarrieren haben oder sozio{\"o}konomisch benachteiligt sind, profitieren seltener vom digitalen Wandel [1]. Um das Potenzial digitaler Gesundheitstechnologien f{\"u}r die Gesundheit der Bev{\"o}lkerung auszusch{\"o}pfen, sollten sie passgenau auf die relevanten Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppen zugeschnitten sein und die regionalen Lebensbedingungen ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Ziel des Lausitzer Zentrums f{\"u}r Digital Public Health (LauZeDiPH) ist es, den digitalen Wandel unter dem Aspekt der gesundheitlichen Chancengerechtigkeit zu erforschen und zu unterst{\"u}tzen. Methoden: Die Forschung des LauZeDiPH [2] basiert mit Fokus auf die Bev{\"o}lkerung in der Lausitz sowohl auf Prim{\"a}r- und Sekund{\"a}rdaten aus bev{\"o}lkerungsbasierten Erhebungen als auch auf gezielt und partizipativ erhobenen Daten von spezifischen Gruppen, wie z.B. Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD) oder Menschen mit geringer digitaler Kompetenz. Relevante Zielgr{\"o}ßen sind dabei u.a. der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand der lokalen Bev{\"o}lkerung, der Zugang zur und die Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsversorgung, der Zugang zu digitalen Gesundheitstechnologien, die digitale Gesundheitskompetenz und die Versorgungspr{\"a}ferenzen der Bev{\"o}lkerung in der Region. Ergebnisse: Die bisherigen Analysen in der Gesamtschau betonen die Bedeutung sozialer und regionaler Gesundheitsdeterminanten von der fr{\"u}hen Kindheit an in Brandenburg insgesamt sowie in der Lausitz, z.B. bei Besch{\"a}ftigten der Gesundheitsversorgung [3], [4], und damit die spezifischen Anforderungen f{\"u}r (Digital) Public Health in der Region. Neue Technologien werden oftmals in urbanen Settings f{\"u}r urbane Settings entwickelt und evaluiert. Maßgeschneiderte, regional eingebettete Maßnahmen sind daher essentiell, um bedarfsgerecht auch bisher nicht gut erreichte Bev{\"o}lkerungsgruppen und die Bev{\"o}lkerung in weniger erschlossenen Regionen zu erreichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die Notwendigkeit der partizipativen Entwicklung und Evaluation von neuen Instrumenten f{\"u}r Public Health und die Gesundheitsversorgung, insbesondere mit der Unterst{\"u}tzung von Menschen mit eingeschr{\"a}nktem digitalem Zugang, niedrigem Bildungshintergrund, wenigen digitalen F{\"a}higkeiten oder mangelndem Vertrauen in die Forschung und digitale Technologien. Schlussfolgerung: Die Anwendung partizipativer regionaler Ans{\"a}tze kann einen gerechteren digitalen Wandel im Gesundheitsbereich erleichtern. Die Einbeziehung marginalisierter und schwer erreichbarer Gruppen in digitale Public Health Interventionen kann neue M{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r Pr{\"a}vention, Gesundheitsversorgung und Forschung er{\"o}ffnen und ist aus Sicht der gesundheitlichen Chancengerechtigkeit essentiell [5]. K{\"u}nftige digitale Ans{\"a}tze sollten so gestaltet werden, dass sie den spezifischen Bed{\"u}rfnissen benachteiligter Gruppen und Regionen gerecht werden. Literatur 1. WHO. Neue Studie belegt: Digitale Gesundheit ist nicht f{\"u}r alle gleich zug{\"a}nglich. 2022 [zuletzt aufgerufen: 23.04.2024]. Verf{\"u}gbar unter: https://www.who.int/europe/de/news/item/21-12-2022-digital-health-not-accessible-by-everyone-equally-new-study-finds 2. Lausitzer Zentrum f{\"u}r Digital Public Health. Forschung. [zuletzt aufgerufen: 23.04.2024]. Verf{\"u}gbar unter: https://www.b-tu.de/digital-public-health/forschung 3. Hoffmann S, Tschorn M, Spallek J. Social inequalities in early childhood language development during the COVID-19 pandemic: a descriptive study with data from three consecutive school entry surveys in Germany. Int J Equity Health. 2024;23(1):2 4. Hoffmann S, Schulze S, L{\"o}ffler A, Becker J, Hufert F, Gremmels HD, et al. Did the prevalence of depressive symptoms change during the COVID-19 pandemic? A multilevel analysis on longitudinal data from healthcare workers. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2024;70(1):87-98 5. Bammert P, Sch{\"u}ttig W, Novelli A, Iashchenko I, Spallek J, Blume M, et al. The role of mesolevel characteristics of the health care system and socioeconomic factors on health care use - results of a scoping review. Int J Equity Health. 2024;23:37}, language = {de} } @misc{BangertStablerHoffmannetal., author = {Bangert, Benjamin and Stabler, Martin and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Herath, Tim and Martens, Lea and Hecht, Henriette and Spallek, Jacob and Zeeb, Hajo and Ladewig, Katharina and Irrgang, Christopher}, title = {Assessing accessibility: a comprehensive multimodal study of primary care accessibility across Germany}, series = {German Medical Science}, journal = {German Medical Science}, doi = {10.3205/24gmds812}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0183-24gmds8122}, abstract = {Background: In the context of healthcare, primary care physicians represent the initial point of contact with the healthcare system [1]. In Germany, the use of motorised private transport for day-to-day travel remains the dominant mode of transport [2]. However, a range of factors, including environmental concerns, socio-economic challenges, and health-related issues, may act as deterrents for citizens from utilising these vehicles. This study aims to assess the geographical accessibility of primary care physicians by using alternative transportation modes, such as public transport or walking, to identify regions in Germany with limited accessibility to primary care physicians in order to ensure the equitable distribution of healthcare. Methods: A state-of-the-art routing engine [3] based on the RAPTOR algorithm is employed to calculate travel times from census grid cells to primary care physicians. The routing process incorporates multimodal transportation, including walking, biking, public transport and motorised private transport. Various metrics like the cost to closest facility, Hansen's accessibility measure, and the balanced floating catchment area [4], are utilised to analyse and compare the accessibility and distribution of primary care physicians when using different transportation modes. The data on travel times and frequencies are collected, analysed and visualised using R and Python implementations. Results: A preliminary analysis revealed disparities in how different modes of transport allow individuals to access primary care physicians within a reasonable travel time. It is notable that while public transport has the potential to replace motorised private transport in urban areas, the analysis indicates that it falls short in rural regions and smaller cities. In these key regions the coverage of services and the transport network do not meet the primary care demand as well as they do in urban areas. The preliminary study indicated that regions with higher socio-economic deprivation have less efficient access to primary care physicians by alternative transportation modes. The findings are visualised through heat maps, which highlight key regions where alternatives to motorised private transport do not adequately meet the needs of the population. Conclusion: The study suggests that in Germany, public transport may not yet be sufficient to ensure accessibility to primary care physicians for those without access to motorised private transport, particularly in smaller cities and rural regions. This is probably of particular relevance for the elderly and parents with children likely to have higher primary care needs. Enhanced public transport options could be pivotal in addressing these gaps in equitable healthcare access, especially for rural regions. Although mobile health services suffer from inherent limitations, such as gaps in adaptation for different socio-economic groups [5], they could be employed to address existing scarcities in the transportation networks and ensure that all citizens have the opportunity to access essential healthcare services in an efficient manner. References 1. World Health Organization; UNICEF. Operational framework for primary health care: transforming vision into action. Geneva: World Health Organization, UNICEF; 2020 [cited 2024 Apr 27]. p. 13. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240017832 2. European Commission: Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport. EU transport in figures: Statistical pocketbook 2023. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 2023. p. 49 3. Higgins C, Palm M, DeJohn A, Xi L, Vaughan J, Farber S, et al. Calculating place-based transit accessibility: Methods, tools and algorithmic dependence. JTLU. 2022; 15(1):95-116. 4. Paez A, Higgins C, Vivona SF. Demand and Level of Service Inflation in Floating Catchment Area (FCA) Methods. PLOS ONE. 2019;14(6):e0218773. 5. Kumar D, Hemmige V, Kallen MA, Giordano TP, Arya M. Mobile Phones May Not Bridge the Digital Divide: A Look at Mobile Phone Literacy in an Underserved Patient Population. Cureus. 2019;11(2):e4104.}, language = {en} } @misc{DeSantisMuellmannPanetal., author = {De Santis, Karina Karolina and M{\"u}llmann, Saskia and Pan, Chen-Chia and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Increased use of digital health technologies but reduced digital health literacy: a comparison in results of two nationwide surveys in 2020 and 2022 in Germany}, series = {German Medical Science}, journal = {German Medical Science}, doi = {10.3205/24gmds631}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0183-24gmds6319}, abstract = {Objective: Digital technologies with internet access, including computers or mobile devices, can contribute to health promotion and disease prevention. This study aimed to compare the results of two nationwide surveys of internet users in Germany that investigated the use pattern, the attitudes towards, and the factors associated with digital technology use in health context. Methods: This study adheres to the ethical guidelines according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Two cross-sectional surveys of internet users living in Germany were performed in 2020 (survey 1) and 2022 (survey 2). Participants were recruited from two different consumer panel samples owned by a market research institute (Cerner Enviza GmbH). Participants provided verbal informed consent for participation in the study according to the Cerner Enviza data privacy policy. Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted by Cerner Enviza using questionnaires with 28-30 items developed by study authors. Anonymous data were purchased and analysed by study authors using descriptive statistics. Associations between digital technology use and participant characteristics were tested using binary logistic regression analyses. Results: The participants were adult internet users (survey 1: n=991; survey 2: n=1020). Participant characteristics were similar in both surveys (47-52\% female, 50-55\% aged 40-65 years, 62-66\% with less than tertiary education, 42-45\% with less than country-average household income, 81-82\% residents in former West Germany, and 67-71\% residents in large cities). A similar number of participants in both surveys reported digital technology use in any health context (57-61\%) and rated digital technologies for physical activity promotion as easy to use (87-92\%). Digital technology use increased in 2022 relative to 2020. Specifically, more participants reported health app (63\% vs. 36\%) and digital technology use for physical activity promotion (any use: 44\% vs. 31\%; weekly-daily use: 91\% vs. 64\%) in 2022 vs. 2020. In contrast, digital health literacy decreased in 2022 relative to 2020. Specifically, less participants had high digital health literacy (57\% vs. 69\%) and were confident in using online information for health decisions (34\% vs. 43\%) in 2022 vs. 2020. Digital technology use was associated with higher digital health literacy and younger age (in both surveys), higher income (in survey 1) and residence in larger cities (in survey 2). Conclusion: Digital technologies targeting some health domains, such as physical activity promotion are frequently used and accepted by the users. However, digital health literacy and especially the confidence in using online information for health decisions appear to have decreased in 2022 relative to 2020. Factors that promote digital technology use for health promotion and disease prevention need to be investigated in future studies. Considering that digital health literacy is associated with digital technology use, further research on user needs and preferences is required to understand the reasons for reduction in such literacy in this study.}, language = {en} } @incollection{ForaitaSpallekZeeb, author = {Foraita, Ronja and Spallek, Jacob and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Causal directed acyclic graphs}, series = {Handbook of Epidemiology}, booktitle = {Handbook of Epidemiology}, editor = {Ahrens, Wolfgang and Pigeot, Iris}, edition = {2. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4614-6625-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-6625-3_65-1}, pages = {27}, abstract = {In the past decade, causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), also called causal diagrams, have been increasingly used to determine confounding variables that must be controlled in order to estimate an unbiased effect between an exposure, an intervention, or a treatment on an outcome. We explain the reasoning of causal DAGs and why a DAG can be used to identify a set of sufficient minimal adjustment variables. In addition, we show how such a causal DAG can be drawn based on prior knowledge. We will discuss further approaches to determine sufficient adjustment sets. If prior knowledge is rare, unclear, or questionable, causal discovery algorithms can be applied to estimate a causal DAG based on data. These algorithms improved greatly over the last years. Nowadays, they can be easily applied to different data structures to estimate at least a partially directed DAG. We show the differences between constraint-based and score-based search algorithms and highlight the popular PC algorithm.}, language = {de} } @misc{DeSantisMuellmannPanetal., author = {De Santis, Karina Karolina and M{\"u}llmann, Saskia and Pan, Chen-Chia and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Use and attitudes toward digital technologies in health context: A nationwide survey in Germany}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {85}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {809}, doi = {10.1055/s-0043-1770610}, pages = {812 -- 813}, abstract = {Introduction Digital technologies, such as health apps, can contribute to health promotion and disease prevention. This study investigated the use and attitudes toward digital technologies in health context using a nationwide survey. Methods Adult internet users (n=1020) from 16 federal states in Germany participated in computer-assisted telephone interviews in November 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Results Overall, 61\% of participants reported internet use in health context. Among the users, digital technologies were used to obtain general health information by 63\% and to support physical activity or to obtain information on cancer by less than 50\%. Over 90\% of users rated such technologies as easy to use and useful to obtain health information, to support physical activity or to obtain information on cancer. However, confidence in using the internet for health decisions was low. Digital technology use in health context was associated with higher eHealth literacy. Digital technologies were preferred by younger participants to support physical activity and by older participants to obtain information on cancer. Conclusion Although digital technologies are easy to use, the use of digital technologies for health promotion and disease prevention and confidence in using the internet for health decisions were low among internet users in this study. Factors that promote digital technology use for health promotion and prevention need to be investigated in further studies.}, language = {en} } @incollection{ZeebStronksAgyemangetal., author = {Zeeb, Hajo and Stronks, Karien and Agyemang, Charles and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Epidemiological Studies on Migrant Health}, series = {Handbook of Epidemiology}, booktitle = {Handbook of Epidemiology}, editor = {Ahrens, Wolfgang and Pigeot, Iris}, edition = {2. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {New York}, isbn = {978-1-4614-6625-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-6625-3_80-1}, pages = {27}, abstract = {Migration and its influence on population health is a very dynamic but also normal and continuous phenomenon happening permanently in human history and most societies. Immigrants may have been exposed in ways that differ from those of the non-migrant population over their whole life course, including the period before migration, the migration process, and the period after migration. Epidemiological studies on the health experience of migrants have provided important insights into disease etiology but obviously also serve to identify exposure and risk differences between different population groups, and their determinants. This chapter presents an overview of the history and importance of studies among migrants and ethnic minorities. It provides insights into concepts, definitions, and terminology, as well as data sources that can be used for epidemiological research in this field. Key studies that shape the research field are presented. Detailed data both for the migrant populations of interest and for comparison populations are required for a comprehensive, theory-based assessment of the changing health of migrants. Modern, diversity-sensible epidemiological and health research needs to routinely endorse all fundamental quality requirements of epidemiological research and should strive for a system's perspective to fully understand the interplay of influences and conditions shaping the health of migrant populations and population health in general.}, language = {de} } @misc{DeSantisMuellmannPanetal., author = {De Santis, Karina Karolina and M{\"u}llmann, Saskia and Pan, Chen-Chia and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Digital technology use for physical activity promotion: Results of a nationwide survey in Germany}, series = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, journal = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.22062.48967}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background. Digital technologies can contribute to healthy behaviour. We aimed to investigate a digital technology use for physical activity (PA) promotion using a nationwide survey. Methods. Our cross-sectional survey was conducted using a panel sample of 1020 adult internet users living in Germany (age: 18-92 years, 47\% female). Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted using a self-developed questionnaire in November 2022. Survey data were analysed using relative frequencies and bivariate logistic regression. Findings. Among all participants, 626/1020 reported internet use in health context and 278/626 (44\%) reported digital technology use for PA promotion. Most of the 278 users for PA promotion reported that such technologies are easy to use (92\%) and use them at least once a week (91\%). The reasons for using digital technologies were to measure own PA (74\%) or to find exercise ideas (57\%). Most participants reported using mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, 77\%, or activity trackers, 58\%) and rated device feedback as helpful (69\%). Among sociodemographic factors (age, gender, education, household income), health status and eHealth literacy, younger age was the only significant predictor (OR=.98, 95\% CI: .97-.99) of digital technology use for PA promotion. Discussion. Despite their availability, the prevalence of digital technology use for PA promotion is still low among adult internet users in Germany. Such technologies are likely to support PA behaviour change because users rate them as easy to use, their feedback as helpful and use them frequently. Health interventions are necessary to encourage digital technology use for PA promotion among adults in Germany.}, language = {en} } @misc{MuellmannDeSantisPanetal., author = {M{\"u}llmann, Saskia and De Santis, Karina Karolina and Pan, Chen-Chia and Hoffmann, Stephanie and Spallek, Jacob and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo}, title = {Attitudes towards digital technology use in health context according to a nationwide survey in Germany}, series = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, journal = {37th Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.24579.07200}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background Digitalization has led to a proliferation of digital health technologies and online health information. We aimed to assess the attitudes towards digital technology use in health context using a nationwide survey. Methods A cross-sectional nationwide survey of a panel sample of adult internet users living in Germany was conducted in November 2022. Participants completed computer-assisted telephone interviews using a self-developed, 30-item questionnaire. Survey data were analysed using frequencies and univariate multiple regression analysis. Findings Among 1,020 participants (18-92 years, 56±16 years, 47\% female), 62\% completed up to tertiary education and 42\% reported the household income of up to 3500 Euro/month. The minority of participants reported that they trust health websites when recommended by friends and family (39\%), that their social network relies on the internet for health information (35\%), that they consider the internet as the immediate source of health information (39\%) and that they are interested in digital health technologies (40\%). Most participants (71\%) reported that they prefer to receive health information in person or on paper. The preference for such sources of health information was associated with lower eHealth literacy (β= -.12, p<.001), worse health status (β= -.08, p=.026) and female gender (β= -.08, p=.033). Discussion The trust in the internet as the source of health information and the interest in digital health technologies were low among internet users in Germany. Interventions should strengthen eHealth literacy to empower adults to find, understand and assess reliable health information on the Internet.}, language = {en} } @misc{LoefflerHoffmannDeSantisetal., author = {L{\"o}ffler, Antje and Hoffmann, Stephanie and De Santis, Karina Karolina and M{\"u}llmann, Saskia and Pan, Chen-Chia and Haug, Ulrike and Zeeb, Hajo and Spallek, Jacob}, title = {Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz und Interesse an digitalen Gesundheitstechnologien im l{\"a}ndlichen Raum - eine Querschnitterhebung}, series = {Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {85}, journal = {Gesundheitswesen}, number = {811}, doi = {10.1055/s-0043-1770604}, abstract = {Einleitung Digitale Gesundheitstechnologien k{\"o}nnten einen bedeutenden Beitrag zur Sicherstellung einer hochwertigen und effizienten Gesundheitsversorgung insbesondere im ruralen, d{\"u}nnbesiedelten Raum leisten. Diese Studie untersucht die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Ruralit{\"a}t, digitaler Gesundheitskompetenz und Interesse an digitalen Gesundheitstechnologien. Methoden Daten einer deutschlandweiten telefonischen Befragung Erwachsener zu Einstellung und Nutzung digitaler Gesundheitstechnologien wurden mit Ruralit{\"a}t (Einwohnerdichte/km²) verlinkt (n=941). Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen digitaler Gesundheitskompetenz (eHEALS-Skala), Interesse an digitalen Gesundheitstechnologien (gering/hoch) und Ruralit{\"a}t wurden mit bi- und multivariaten Verfahren, adjustiert f{\"u}r Alter, Sozialstatus und Geschlecht analysiert. Ergebnisse Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz und Interesse an digitalen Gesundheitstechnologien sind im l{\"a}ndlichen Raum schw{\"a}cher ausgepr{\"a}gt als im urbanen Raum (t (877) =-3.13, p=.002, d =-.254; Chi² (1, N=936) =6.04, p=.014). Geringere Einwohnerdichte ist mit einer niedrigeren Gesundheitskompetenz (β=.07; p=.043) und mit weniger Interesse an digitalen Gesundheitstechnologien assoziiert (OR=1.21; 95\%KI 1.084-1.352). Schlussfolgerung Bewohnende des l{\"a}ndlichen Raums unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich ihrer digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz und ihres Interesses an digitalen Gesundheitstechnologien von urbanen Regionen. R{\"a}umliche Faktoren sollten als m{\"o}gliche Zugangsbarrieren bei der Implementierung digitaler Gesundheitstechnologien ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden.}, language = {de} } @misc{SpallekZeebRazum, author = {Spallek, Jacob and Zeeb, Hajo and Razum, Oliver}, title = {Lebenslauforientierte Epidemiologie in der Migrationsforschung}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt}, volume = {66}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt}, number = {10}, issn = {1437-1588}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-023-03761-w}, pages = {1092 -- 1098}, abstract = {Es gibt viele Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r Migration, von freier Entscheidung bis zu erzwungener Flucht. Entsprechend vielf{\"a}ltig sind auch die Vorgeschichten und Lebensumst{\"a}nde der migrierenden Menschen. Die damit einhergehenden unterschiedlichen Expositionen beeinflussen die Gesundheit der Migrant*innen und ihrer Kinder. Um ein solch komplexes Ph{\"a}nomen zu erfassen, ist ein Ansatz erforderlich, der die besonderen Umst{\"a}nde im Lebenslauf der Migrant*innen einbezieht. Ein etablierter methodischer Ansatz, der dies leisten kann, ist die Lebenslaufepidemiologie. Bei der Anwendung dieses Konzepts auf migrierende Bev{\"o}lkerungen werden Expositionen vor, w{\"a}hrend und nach der Migration untersucht. In der epidemiologischen Forschung zur Gesundheit von eingewanderten Menschen ist es w{\"u}nschenswert, alle diese 3 Phasen zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen. Eine Herausforderung hierbei ist, dass verl{\"a}ssliche Daten {\"u}ber den gesamten Lebenslauf nicht immer verf{\"u}gbar sind. Eine valide, zeitnahe Erhebung und datenschutzgerechte Verkn{\"u}pfung longitudinaler Daten aus verschiedenen Quellen k{\"o}nnen die lebenslaufbezogene Forschung zur Gesundheit von Migrant*innen in Deutschland verbessern. Perspektivisch sollten entsprechende Daten auch aus den Herkunftsl{\"a}ndern von Migrant*innen einbezogen werden.}, language = {de} }