@inproceedings{CaviedesVoulliemeMartı́nezArandaFernandezPatoetal., author = {Caviedes-Voullieme, Daniel and Mart{\i}́nez-Aranda, Sergio and Fern{\´a}ndez-Pato, Javier and Garc{\´i}a-Palac{\´i}n, Ignacio and Garc{\´i}a-Navarro, Pilar}, title = {Measuring 2D transient shallow water surfaces: raising the benchmark challenges for 2D shallow water solvers}, series = {M³ - Messen, Modellieren, Managen in Hydrologie und Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Beitr{\"a}ge zum Tag der Hydrologie am 22./23. M{\"a}rz 2018 an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Dresden}, booktitle = {M³ - Messen, Modellieren, Managen in Hydrologie und Wasserressourcenbewirtschaftung. Beitr{\"a}ge zum Tag der Hydrologie am 22./23. M{\"a}rz 2018 an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t Dresden}, editor = {Sch{\"u}tze, Niels and M{\"u}ller, Uwe and Schwarze, Robert and W{\"o}hling, Thomas and Grundmann, Jens}, publisher = {Technische Universit{\"a}t}, address = {Dresden}, pages = {S. 23}, abstract = {In the past decade, shallow water (SW) solvers have been dramatically improved both in terms of accuracy and computational power. The mathematical, numerical and computational improvements available in state-of-the-art solvers now allow for large scale, long term, high resolution simulations of river flooding, flash floods, dam-break phenomena, rainfall-runoff simulation and extensions into pollutants, substance and sediment transport, etc. SW solvers have been benchmarked against a set of test cases, ubiquitious in the literature. The solvers have been systematically verified against 1D and some 2D analytical solutions and validated further against 1D and 2D laboratory experiments, as well as some well-documented real-scale field cases. However, despite the 2D nature of many of these benchmark tests, none of them report 2D water surface elevation. Typically a few profiles are measured and reported, and more often, only a few points are available. Moreover, in field cases, often not even fully transient data is available. The reason for the inavailability of 2D transient water surface data is due to the technical difficulty of measuring a (fast) moving water surface. In most of the reported experiments, pressure gauges are often used to register water depth evolution, and sometimes PIV techniques have been used to obtain velocity fields. In experimental fluid mechanics, measuring the evolution of a free surface has received little attention, as it has been mainly understood as a problem for SW flows, and more recently for free surface granular flows. In consequence, this work aims to generate a new benchmarking dataset in which 2D transient water surfaces are available for SW model developers and users to further test and challenge these models. We argue that the availability of this new data can help identify limitations in the current generation of solvers, thus laying the ground for improvements in the near future. We present laboratory-scale experimental results on steady and unsteady 2D water surfaces performed in a laboratory flume, ranging from steady transcritical flow to dam-break flows around obstacles. The transient water surface was captured using a commercial-grade RGBD sensing device which allows to capture a high-frequency succession of 3D color-coded point clouds. The channel bed can also be registered in the same manner, thus also allowing to compute the 2D transient water-depth field. Color coding also allows to easily differentiate the channel bed, sidewalls and obstacles. The result of the experimental study is a novel collection of 2D benchmark SW cases, with transient water depth and water elevation data for the entire visible flow field. Furthermore, we compare the experimental measurements to 2D shallow water simulations performed with an extensively tested state-of-the-art solver to assess the suitability of this dataset to perform as benchmark test cases and identify some potential limitations of current models.}, language = {en} } @misc{Martı́nezArandaFernandezPatoCaviedesVoulliemeetal., author = {Mart{\i}́nez-Aranda, Sergio and Fern{\´a}ndez-Pato, Javier and Caviedes-Voulli{\`e}me, Daniel and Garc{\´i}a-Palac{\´i}n, Ignacio and Garc{\´i}a-Navarro, Pilar}, title = {Towards transient experimental water surfaces: A new benchmark dataset for 2D shallow water solver}, series = {Advances in Water Resources}, volume = {121}, journal = {Advances in Water Resources}, issn = {0309-1708}, doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.08.013}, pages = {130 -- 149}, abstract = {In the past decade, shallow water solvers have dramatically improved both in terms of accuracy and computational power. New mathematical models and numerical schemes have been systematically verified against 1D exact solutions and laboratory experiments. Despite the two-dimensional nature of some of these benchmark tests, none of them reports complete 2D water depth fields, but only a few profiles are measured and reported in the best case. This work reports a new benchmarking dataset for validation of shallow water solvers, in which two-dimensional transient water depth measurements are available for complex steady and transient laboratory flume experiments, ranging from transcritical steady flow to dam-break flows around obstacles and complex beds. The transient water surface was measured using a commercial-grade RGB-D sensing device which allows to capture a succession of color-coded point clouds at a high frequency. These experimental measurements are compared with 2D shallow water simulations carried out with an extensively tested finite volume solver. Results asses the suitability of this dataset to perform as benchmark tests, identifying potential limitations of current and future models.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Martı́nezArandaFernandezPatoCaviedesVoulliemeetal., author = {Mart{\i}́nez-Aranda, Sergio and Fern{\´a}ndez-Pato, Javier and Caviedes-Voulli{\`e}me, Daniel and Garc{\´i}a-Palac{\´i}n, Ignacio and Garc{\´i}a-Navarro, Pilar}, title = {Towards transient 2D experimental water surfaces: strengthening SW model validation}, series = {HIC 2018, 13th International Conference on Hydroinformatics}, booktitle = {HIC 2018, 13th International Conference on Hydroinformatics}, editor = {La Loggia, Goffredo and Freni, Gabriele and Puleo, Valeria and De Marchis, Mauro}, doi = {10.29007/qpmx}, pages = {1324 -- 1331}, abstract = {The measurement and simulation of 2D free-surface shallow flows is carried out in this work. For the experimental study a 3D-sensing device (Microsoft Kinect) is used to measure both steady and transient water surface elevation fields with different flow characteristics. This procedure provides 640x480 px resolution water surface level point clouds with a frequency ranging from 8 Hz to 30 Hz. The experimental measurements are compared with 2D finite volume simulations carried out by means of a robust and well-balanced numerical scheme able to deal with flow regime transitions and wet/dry fronts. A good agreement is found between experimental and numerical results for all the cases studied, demonstrating the capability of the RGB-D sensor to capture the water free-surface position accurately. This new experimental technique, which allows us to obtain 2D water depth fields in open- channel flows, leads to a wide range of promising capabilities in order to validate new shallow water models and to improve their accuracy and performance.}, language = {en} }