@misc{QuinkensteinPapeFreeseetal., author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Pape, Dirk and Freese, Dirk and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Biomass, Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution in Living Woody Plant Parts of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Growing on Reclamation Sites in the Mining Region of Lower Lusatia (Northeast Germany)}, series = {International Journal of Forestry Research}, journal = {International Journal of Forestry Research}, pages = {10}, language = {en} } @misc{SchillemGerwinFreese, author = {Schillem, Steffi and Gerwin, Werner and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Tree and shrub species grown on post-mining sites as source of biomass for bio-based industry}, editor = {Frouz, Jan and Gerwin, Werner and Marcin Pietrzykowski, Marcin}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Reclamation sites in East-Germany are characterized by very sandy substrates being almost free of organic matter, with extremely low nutrient contents and an annual precipitation of only 570 mm and lower. To enhance the value of such marginal lands for a future regionally based bioeconomy the EU funded BeonNAT project plans the plantation of regional tree and shrub species. The obtained forest biomass will be used for the production of biodegradable bio-based products and bioactive compounds that will play an important role to replace fossil-based competing substitute products. Field trials in different European countries will be established to test the benefit of intercropping/mixed-forest in marginal cultural land versus the natural growing/monoculture. In Germany, one test site is located in the post-mining sites of Lusatia. In this field trial the biomass development, the impact on soil fertility and biodiversity will be investigated after planting Robinia pseudoacacia and Rubus fructicosus.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaQuinkensteinBoehmetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Assessment of Carbon Sequestration in German Alley Cropping Systems}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna}, booktitle = {EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna}, address = {European Geophysical Society}, pages = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Alley cropping systems (ACS) are agroforestry practices in which perennial trees or shrubs are grown in wide rows and arable crops are cultivated in the alleys between the tree rows. Recently, ACS which integrate stripes of short rotation coppices into conventional agricultural sites have gained interest in Germany. These systems can be used for simultaneous production of crops and woody biomass which enables farmers to diversify the provision of market goods. Adding trees into the agricultural landscape creates additional benefits for the farmer and society also known as ecosystem services. An ecosystem service provided by land use systems is carbon sequestration. The literature indicates that ACS are able to store more carbon compared to agriculture and their implementation may lead to greater benefits for the environment and society. Moreover, carbon sequestration in ACS could be included in carbon trading schemes and farmers rewarded additionally for the provision of this ecosystem service. However, methods are required which are easy to use and provide reliable information regarding change in carbon sequestration with change of the land use practice. In this context, our aim was to develop a methodology to assess carbon sequestration benefit provided by ACS in Germany. Therefore, the change of carbon in both soil and biomass had to be considered. To predict the change in soil carbon our methodology combined the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the soil organic carbon balance recommended by the Association of German Agricultural Investigation and Research Centers (VDLUFA). To reflect the change in biomass carbon average annual yields were adopted. The results showed that ACS established on agricultural sites can increase the carbon stored because in the new soil-plant system carbon content is higher compared to agriculture. ACS have been recommended as suitable land use systems for marginal sites, such as post-mining areas. In such areas soil carbon usually increases at a faster initial rate compared to agricultural land which means that these areas could provide high level of carbon sequestration service in the short term. The approach will be broadened to include assessment of other ecosystem services provided by ACS in Germany which would increase the possibility to adequately compensate farmers for the supply of environmental benefits.}, language = {en} } @misc{VeldkampSchmidtMarkwitzetal., author = {Veldkamp, Edzo and Schmidt, Marcus and Markwitz, Christian and Beule, Lukas and Beuschel, Ren{\´e} and Biert{\"u}mpfel, Andrea and Bischel, Xenia and Duan, Xiaohong and Gerjets, Rowena and G{\"o}bel, Leonie and Graß, R{\"u}diger and Guerra, Victor and Heinlein, Florian and Komainda, Martin and Langhof, Maren and Luo, Jie and Potthoff, Martin and Ramshorst, Justus G. V. van and Rudolf, Carolin and Seserman, Diana-Maria and Shao, Guodong and Siebicke, Lukas and Svoboda, Nikolai and Swieter, Anita and Carminati, Andrea and Freese, Dirk and Graf, Torsten and Greef, J{\"o}rg M. and Isselstein, Johannes and Jansen, Martin and Karlovsky, Petr and Knohl, Alexander and Lamersdorf, Norbert and Priesack, Eckart and Wachendorf, Christine and Wachendorf, Michael and Corre, Marife D.}, title = {Multifunctionality of temperate alley-cropping agroforestry outperforms open cropland and grassland}, series = {Communications Earth \& Environment}, volume = {4}, journal = {Communications Earth \& Environment}, number = {1}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, issn = {2662-4435}, doi = {10.1038/s43247-023-00680-1}, pages = {10}, abstract = {AbstractIntensively managed open croplands are highly productive but often have deleterious environmental impacts. Temperate agroforestry potentially improves ecosystem functions, although comprehensive analysis is lacking. Here, we measured primary data on 47 indicators of seven ecosystem functions in croplands and 16 indicators of four ecosystem functions in grasslands to assess how alley-cropping agroforestry performs compared to open cropland and grassland. Carbon sequestration, habitat for soil biological activity, and wind erosion resistance improved for cropland agroforestry (P ≤ 0.03) whereas only carbon sequestration improved for grassland agroforestry (P \< 0.01). In cropland agroforestry, soil nutrient cycling, soil greenhouse gas abatement, and water regulation did not improve, due to customary high fertilization rates. Alley-cropping agroforestry increased multifunctionality, compared to open croplands. To ameliorate the environmental benefits of agroforestry, more efficient use of nutrients is required. Financial incentives should focus on conversion of open croplands to alley-cropping agroforestry and incorporate fertilizer management.}, language = {en} } @misc{SesermanPohleVesteetal., author = {Seserman, Diana-Maria and Pohle, Ina and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Growth vulnerability of hybrid-poplar and black locust to prospective climatic changes}, series = {4th World Congress on Agroforestry: Strengthening links between science, society and policy. 20-22 May 2019, Montpellier, France}, journal = {4th World Congress on Agroforestry: Strengthening links between science, society and policy. 20-22 May 2019, Montpellier, France}, pages = {65 -- 65}, abstract = {In Brandenburg, eastern Germany, prospective climate changes imply extreme weather events, increasing annual temperature, and decreasing summer precipitation. Since alley-cropping systems (ACS) have a broad planning horizon, appraising their sustainability and efficiency under changing climate conditions is crucial for forthcoming risk assessments and adaptation scenarios. Consequently, this combined experimental and simulation study investigated the growth vulnerability of poplar clone "Max I" (Populus nigra L. x P. maximowiczii Henry) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) short rotation coppices in an ACS established in Brandenburg to a considerable spectrum of weather conditions and long term climate change, from 2015 to the end of 2054. The investigation employed (i) Yield-SAFE, a biophysical, process-based model to simulate the above-ground tree woody biomass and (ii) 100 realisations of the statistical regional climate model STAR 2K. In the most optimistic sequence of events pertaining to air temperature, precipitation, and global radiation, 35\% more woody biomass would be achieved by poplar and 43\% by black locust in the last period compared to the base period. Alternatively, in the most pessimistic circumstances, 54\% less woody biomass would be rendered by poplar and 47\% by black locust. Our findings corroborated the tree growth vulnerability to prospective climatic changes, particularly to changes in water availability.}, language = {en} } @misc{DillyFrankeNiiAnnangetal., author = {Dilly, Oliver and Franke, G. and Nii-Annang, Seth and Weber, K. and Freese, Dirk and Zyakun, Anatoly and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Soil respiratory indicators including carbon isotope characteristics in response to copper}, series = {Geomicrobiology Journal}, volume = {25}, journal = {Geomicrobiology Journal}, number = {7-8}, issn = {1521-0529}, doi = {10.1080/01490450802402992}, pages = {390 -- 395}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GerwinRepmannFreeseetal., author = {Gerwin, Werner and Repmann, Frank and Freese, Dirk and Baumgarten, Wibke and Ivanina, Vadym}, title = {Marginal lands - ecological limitations and economic potentials}, series = {9th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior BIOGEOMON, Litomysl, Czech Republic, August 20-24, 2017}, booktitle = {9th International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior BIOGEOMON, Litomysl, Czech Republic, August 20-24, 2017}, editor = {Nov{\´a}k, Martin and Kr{\´a}m, Pavel and Step{\´a}nov{\´a}, Mark{\´e}ta}, publisher = {Czech Geological Survey}, address = {Prague}, pages = {S. 362}, abstract = {The term "marginal land" refers to generally unfavourable site conditions for traditional economic agriculture or forestry. The definitions of marginality differ widely and also the scientific perspective on this type of land is very heterogeneous. However, with regard to the fast growing competition for arable lands between agricultural food production and the increasing need for growing renewable resources, such marginal lands could offer a mitigation option. Whereas agriculture is concentrating rapidly on the most fertile soils, the production of biomass as the renewable basis for various products could be shifted to sites with lower soil fertility. This in general is the main objective of the H2020 funded EU project SEEMLA (acronym for "Sustainable exploitation of biomass for bioenergy from marginal lands"). This project aims at an establishment of suitable innovative land-use strategies for a sustainable production of plant-based energy on marginal lands, while improving general ecosystem services. This approach will be tested in selected casestudy regions in Europe on marginal lands with different reasons for their marginality. One of the central tasks of this project was the characterization and classification of the investigated marginal sites according to a common definition. For that reason the Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) system1 was adapted and applied at sites in Germany, Greece and Ukraine. This paper gives an overview of the importance and properties of different soil parameters and ecological site conditions for this classification. Even if the occurrence of the single site limitations epends on regional conditions, some generalizations are possible. Based on the respective dominating soil related restrictions, a classification of types of marginality and of marginal lands can be derived also with regard to their land use potentials for renewable resources. Further, cultivating biomass on marginal lands may offer remediation potentials with regard to the described ecological restraints of marginal sites.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoehmQuinkensteinFreeseetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Energieholzproduktion in Agroforstsystemen als ein Beitrag zur Verbesserung des Bodenschutzes}, series = {Bodenschutz in Europa, Ziele und Umsetzung, 6. Marktredwitzer Bodenschutztage, 06. - 08. Oktober 2010 Marktredwitz, Bayern}, booktitle = {Bodenschutz in Europa, Ziele und Umsetzung, 6. Marktredwitzer Bodenschutztage, 06. - 08. Oktober 2010 Marktredwitz, Bayern}, address = {Marktredwitz}, pages = {78 -- 84}, language = {de} } @misc{BoehmFreeseHuettl, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Energieholzproduktion in Agroforstsystemen - das Projekt AgroForstEnergie}, series = {CEBra Newsletter}, journal = {CEBra Newsletter}, number = {6}, pages = {1 -- 2}, language = {de} } @misc{DimitrovaRepmannFreese, author = {Dimitrova, Tsvetelina and Repmann, Frank and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Degradation of ferrocyanide by natural isolated bacteria}, series = {International Journal of Phytoremediation}, volume = {22}, journal = {International Journal of Phytoremediation}, number = {1}, issn = {1549-7879}, doi = {10.1080/15226514.2019.1633996}, pages = {20 -- 28}, abstract = {This study aims at investigating the iron cyanide (CN) degradation potential of two natural bacterial isolates with the purpose of their application in iron CN phytoremediation. The strains were isolated from contaminated soil and incubated over 4 months with 50mg L⁻¹CN (as ferrocyanide) as the sole iron and nitrogen source. Unlike previous reports, the study provides control for bacterial growth, biotic and abiotic CN losses. Bacterial growth, CN, ammonium, and nitrate concentrations were monitored regularly. Both strains grew less rapid with iron CN compared with the positive control. However, the growth was diauxic. The CN concentration in the media decreased with 20\% and 25\% respectively, while that in the sterile controls remained stable. Ammonium was detected in the media of both strains implying that a fraction of the initially applied ferrocyanide has been converted. The nitrogen lost from the system evened out with that in the cells at the end of the experiments. These results showed that the investigated strains were undoubtedly able to grow on iron CN as an alternative nitrogen source, but contrary to some previous findings, the iron CN utilization is much slower and takes place only after complete exhaustion of the cellular nitrogen reserves.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoehmBaerwolffQuinkensteinetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and B{\"a}rwolff, Manuela and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Bereitstellung von holzartigen Bioenergietr{\"a}gern durch Agroforstsysteme}, series = {Tagungsband, 5. Rostocker Bioenergieforum, am 2. und 3. November 2011 an der Universit{\"a}t Rostock,}, booktitle = {Tagungsband, 5. Rostocker Bioenergieforum, am 2. und 3. November 2011 an der Universit{\"a}t Rostock,}, editor = {Nelles, Michael}, publisher = {Univ.}, address = {Rostock}, isbn = {978-3-940364-20-3}, pages = {57 -- 68}, language = {de} } @misc{GypserSchuetzeFreese, author = {Gypser, Stella and Sch{\"u}tze, Elisabeth and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Crystallization of single and binary iron- and aluminum hydroxides affect phosporus desorption}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {182}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {5}, issn = {1522-2624}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.201700543}, pages = {741 -- 750}, abstract = {In acidic soils, phosphorus availability is affected by its strong affinity for mineral surfaces, especially Fe- and Al-hydroxides. Plant roots have developed adaptive strategies to enhance the availability of phosphorus, including producing and exuding low molecular weight organic acids with a high affinity for phosphorus that competes with high molecular weight organic ligands formed during humification and mineralization. The aim of this study was to characterize the kinetics and mechanism of phosphorus desorption from Fe- and Al-hydroxides of variable crystallinity, as well as binary Fe:Al-hydroxide mixtures. Long-term desorption experiments (56 days) were conducted with CaCl₂, CaSO₄, citric acid, and humic acid as competitive sorptives. CaCl₂ and CaSO₄ were selected as general inorganic sorptives and citric and humic acids were selected as organic ligands produced by organisms in the rhizosphere or following humification. The cumulative phosphorus desorption increased following the order CaCl₂< CaSO₄< humic acid < citric acid. Amorphous ferrihydrite and Fe-rich Fe:Al-hydroxides exhibited much less desorption when exposed to inorganic solutions than the crystalline and Al-rich Fe:Al-hydroxide mixtures. Models of the desorption data suggest phosphorus desorption with citric acid is diffusion- controlled for ferrihydrite and Fe-rich amorphous Fe:Al-hydroxides. When humic acid was the sorptive, metal-organic complexes accumulated in the solution. The results suggest organic compounds, especially citric acid, are more important for liberating phosphorus from Fe- and Al-minerals than inorganic ions present in the soil solution.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaFreeseBoehmetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Schaller, Eberhard}, title = {Benefits provided by silvoarable agroforestry systems in the temperate region: a review}, series = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Agroforestry - Ecological Benefits of Agroforestry, 15-17 June 2011, Cottbus, Germany}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Agroforestry - Ecological Benefits of Agroforestry, 15-17 June 2011, Cottbus, Germany}, editor = {Freese, Dirk and Pittruff, N. and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian}, pages = {S. 29}, language = {en} } @misc{FreeseBoehmKwasnickaetal., author = {Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Kwasnicka, Kamila and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Uckert, G{\"o}tz}, title = {Kostensparend und {\"o}kologisch. {\"O}konomie und rechtlicher Rahmen f{\"u}r Agroforstsysteme}, series = {Neue Landwirtschaft}, journal = {Neue Landwirtschaft}, number = {1}, issn = {0863-2847}, pages = {91 -- 94}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SchaafGerwinFreeseetal., author = {Schaaf, Wolfgang and Gerwin, Werner and Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia}, title = {Initiale {\"O}kosystementwicklung, Rekultivierung und alternative Landnutzung in der Niederlausitzer Bergbaufolgelandschaft}, series = {B{\"o}den verstehen, B{\"o}den nutzen, B{\"o}den fit machen, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 3. - 9. September 2011}, booktitle = {B{\"o}den verstehen, B{\"o}den nutzen, B{\"o}den fit machen, Jahrestagung der Deutschen Bodenkundlichen Gesellschaft, 3. - 9. September 2011}, publisher = {Dt. Bodenkundliche Gesellschaft}, address = {Oldenburg}, pages = {22 -- 27}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{GypserFreese, author = {Gypser, Stella and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Mechanisms of adsorption and desorption of phosphorus on crystalline iron, aluminum, manganese (hydr)oxides as well as iron and calcium phosphates in comparison to amorphous iron-aluminum compounds}, series = {8th International Phosphorus Workshop IPW8, Rostock, Germany, September 12-16, 2016}, booktitle = {8th International Phosphorus Workshop IPW8, Rostock, Germany, September 12-16, 2016}, editor = {Kr{\"a}mer, Inga and H{\"a}berle, Stephanie}, address = {Rostock}, doi = {10.12754/procs-2016-ipw8}, pages = {S. 73}, abstract = {Inorganic phosphorus (P) plays an important role as plant nutrient in fertilizers, but also as a major pollutant to aquatic ecosystems by leaching from arable land. The mobility and bioavailability of P depends on adsorption, desorption and precipitation processes at soil mineral surfaces. In the soil matrix, P can be found in the forms of iron, aluminum or calcium complexes, adsorbed on mineral surfaces. P reactions in soil, especially the fixation on iron and aluminum (hydr) oxides, have been thoroughly studied. But the much slower process of P release has to be attended as well regarding the prospective supply of fertilizers and the use of plant available P pools in arable soils. The P adsorption ability of pedogenic oxides depends on their crystallinity, while soils contain both crystalline minerals such as goethite or ferrihydrite, as well as amorphous iron and aluminum compounds. In this study, long-term adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out to investigate the P binding mechanism during the sorption processes at certain time steps. For adsorption experiments, various experimental conditions such as pH, P ionic strength, competitive ions such as SO4 2- and Ca2+ as well as time will be considered. For desorption experiments, a Flow-Through-Reactor-Technique will be applied to investigate desorption kinetics and processes under nearly natural conditions without disturbance of the mineral-solution interface. Additionally, the release of P from the iron and calcium phosphates vivianite and hydroxyapatite, a main supplier of inorganic P and model substance for bone char, will be investigated. By using Fourier-Transformation-Infrared-Spectroscopy, changes of P binding mechanisms during ad- and desorption processes and easily as well heavily purgeable P can be detected. Aim is to identify fundamental processes of P fixation and mobilization as well as to specify similarities and differences of P binding on crystalline and amorphous reactive surfaces of pedogenic oxides.}, language = {en} } @misc{QuinkensteinBoehmFreeseetal., author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk and W{\"o}llecke, Jens and Gr{\"u}newald, Holger and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Alley-Cropping - Ein klima-adaptierbares Landnutzungssystem zur nachhaltigen Biomasseproduktion}, series = {Forum der Forschung}, volume = {12}, journal = {Forum der Forschung}, number = {21}, issn = {0947-6989}, pages = {131 -- 138}, language = {de} } @misc{GypserFreese, author = {Gypser, Stella and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Phosphorus release from vivianite and hydroxyapatite by organic and inorganic compounds}, series = {Pedosphere}, volume = {30}, journal = {Pedosphere}, number = {2}, issn = {1002-0160}, doi = {10.1016/S1002-0160(20)60004-2}, pages = {190 -- 200}, abstract = {Based on recent mining rates and the exhaustion of global phosphorus (P) reserves, there is a need to mobilize P already stored in soils, and its recovery from secondary resources such as Ca- and Fe-phosphates is important. The Ca-phosphate hydroxyapatite forms a good fertilizer source, while vivianite is formed in waterlogged soils and sediments. During sludge treatment, the formation of vivianite has been identified, being mainly Fe-phosphate. Long-term P release from both hydroxyapatite and vivianite was studied using different inorganic (CaCl2 and CaSO4) and organic (citric and humic acid) reagents during batch experiments. Reagents CaCl2 and CaSO4 represent the soil solution, while citric and humic acids as organic constituents affect P availability in the rhizosphere and during the process of humification. Additionally, the flow-through reactor (FTR) technique with an infinite sink was used to study the long-term P release kinetics. The cumulative P release was higher by organic acids than by inorganic compounds. The cumulative P release rates were higher in the FTR with CaCl2 as compared to the batch technique. The infinite sink application caused a continuously high concentration gradient between the solid and liquid phases, leading to higher desorption rates as compared to the batch technique. The predominant amount of the total P released over time was available for a short term. While inorganic anion exchange occurred at easily available binding sites, organic acids affected the more heavily available binding sites, which could be embedded within the mineral structure. The results showed that organic compounds, especially citric acid, play a superior role as compared to the inorganic constituents of the soil solution during the recovery of already stored P from the tertiary phosphates vivianite and hydroxyapatite.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RepmannGerwinFreese, author = {Repmann, Frank and Gerwin, Werner and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Nachhaltige Biomasserzeugung zur energetischen Verwertung auf marginalen Standorten in Europa - Bewertung der Standortqualit{\"a}t}, series = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, booktitle = {B{\"a}ume in der Land(wirt)schaft - von der Theorie in die Praxis, Tagungsband mit Beitr{\"a}gen des 5. Forums Agroforstsysteme 30.11. bis 01.12.2016 in Senftenberg (OT Brieske)}, editor = {B{\"o}hm, Christian}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-940471-27-7}, pages = {189 -- 195}, abstract = {Der Lehrstuhl Bodenschutz und Rekultivierung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universit{\"a}t Cottbus-Senftenberg (BTU CS) ist Projektpartner in dem von der Europ{\"a}ischen Union im Rahmen des Programms Horizon 2020 gef{\"o}rderten Forschungsprojekts SEEMLA → „Sustainable exploitation of biomass for bioenergy from marginal lands in Europe" → „Nachhaltige Nutzung von Biomasse f{\"u}r Bioenergie von marginalen Standorten in Europa". {\"U}bergeordnetes Ziel des Projektes ist die Ermittlung des Biomassepotenzials, das auf marginalen Standorten innerhalb von Europa nachhaltig produziert und energetisch verwertet werden kann. Die BTU CS hat in diesem Kontext Untersuchungen zur Bewertung der Marginalit{\"a}t von potenziellen Biomasse-Produktionsstandorten in Deutschland, Griechenland und der Ukraine durchgef{\"u}hrt. Zu diesem Zweck wurde das M{\"u}ncheberger Soil-Quality-Rating System (SQR) (M{\"u}ller et al. 2007) eingesetzt.}, language = {de} } @misc{GypserHirschSchleicheretal., author = {Gypser, Stella and Hirsch, Florian and Schleicher, Anja M. and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Impact of crystalline and amorphous iron- and aluminum hydroxides on mechanisms of phosphate adsorption and desorption}, series = {Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {70}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Sciences}, doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2017.12.001}, pages = {175 -- 189}, language = {en} } @misc{DimitrovaRepmannRaabetal., author = {Dimitrova, Tsvetelina and Repmann, Frank and Raab, Thomas and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Uptake of ferrocyanide in willow and poplar trees in a long term greenhouse experiment}, series = {Ecotoxicology}, volume = {24}, journal = {Ecotoxicology}, number = {3}, issn = {1573-3017}, doi = {10.1007/s10646-014-1398-0}, pages = {510}, abstract = {Phytoremediation of sites contaminated with iron cyanides can be performed using poplar and willow trees. Poplar and willow trees were grown in potting substrate spiked with ferrocyanide concentrations of up to 2,000 mg kg-1 for 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Soil solution and leaf tissue of different age were sampled for total cyanide analysis every week. Chlorophyll content in the leaves was determined to quantify cyanide toxicity. Results showed that cyanide in the soil solution of spiked soils differed between treatments and on weekly basis and ranged from 0.5 to 1,200 mg l-1. The maximum cyanide content in willow and poplar leaves was 518 mg kg-1 fresh weight (FW) and 148 mg kg-1 FW respectively. Cyanide accumulated in the leaves increased linearly with increasing cyanide concentration in the soil solution. On the long term, significantly more cyanide was accumulated in old leaf tissue than in young tissue. Chlorophyll content in poplar decreased linearly with increasing cyanide in the soil solution and in leaf tissue, and over time. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for poplars after 4 weeks of exposure was 173 mg l-1 and for willow after 8 weeks of exposure—768 mg l-1. Results show that willows tolerate much more cyanide and over a longer period than poplars, making them very appropriate for remediating sites highly contaminated with iron cyanides.}, language = {en} } @misc{KayatzBaroniHillieretal., author = {Kayatz, Benjamin and Baroni, Gabriele and Hillier, Jon and L{\"u}dtke, Stefan and Freese, Dirk and Wattenbach, Martin}, title = {Supporting decision-making in agricultural water management under data scarcity using global datasets - chances, limits and potential improvements}, series = {Agricultural Water Management}, volume = {296}, journal = {Agricultural Water Management}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {0378-3774}, doi = {10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108803}, abstract = {Assessing alternative agricultural water management strategies requires long-term field trials or vast data collection for model calibration and simulation. This work aims to assess whether an uncalibrated agro-hydrological model using global input datasets for climate, soil and crop information can serve as a decision support tool for crop water management under data scarcity. This study employs the Cool Farm Tool Water (CFTW) at eight eddy covariance sites of the FLUXNET2015 dataset. CFTW is tested using global (CFTWglobal) and local (CFTWlocal) input datasets under current and alternative management scenarios. Results show that the use of global datasets for estimating daily evapotranspiration had little effect on the median Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (CFTWglobal: 1.70 mm, CFTWlocal: 1.79 mm), while, however, the median model bias is much greater (CFTWglobal: 18.6\%, CFTWlocal: 4.3\%). Furthermore, the periods of water stress were little affected by the use of local or global data (median accuracy: 0.84), whereas the use of global data inputs led to a significant overestimation of irrigation water requirements (median difference: 110 mm). The model performance improves predominantly through the use of more representative local precipitation data, followed by local reference evapotranspiration and soil for some European growing seasons. We identify model outputs that can support decision-making when relying on global data, such as periods of water stress and the daily dynamics of water use. However, our findings also emphasize the difficulty of overcoming data scarcity in decision-making in agricultural water management. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for enhancing model performance and thus may increase the accessibility of reliable decision support tools in the future.}, language = {en} } @misc{HasharNasrinFreeseetal., author = {Hashar, Mohammad Rafiul and Nasrin, Shamima and Freese, Dirk and Veste, Maik}, title = {Study of phosphorus status and sorption properties in reclaimed lignite mine soils under different age stands of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in Welzow, Germany}, series = {Land Degradation \& Development}, journal = {Land Degradation \& Development}, publisher = {Wiley}, issn = {1085-3278}, doi = {10.1002/ldr.5214}, pages = {12}, abstract = {AbstractDue to the open-cast mining activities, a large area in the Lusatian region in eastern Germany was left unproductive. Robinia pseudoacacia L. was planted within different ages in that large area as a short rotation coppice for woody biomass cultivation as well as to increase soil nutrients by increasing plant phosphorous (P) availability, accumulating organic matter input and biological nitrogen fixation. In this experiment, soil chemical analysis has been done to investigate the improvement and status of P in the mining soil depending on the ages of plantation (16, 17, 18, and 27 years old) of Robinia pseudoacacia L. The results show a higher P sorption in the oldest site, and the average P sorption capacity (PSC) obtained in the oldest site was 21.0 mmol Kg-1, which was 3-4 times higher than the youngest site. However, all the values were very low compared with the optimum plant growth level, and low P desorption indicates a low level of plant-available P in the soil. The lower sorption properties with the small amount of oxalate iron (Feox) and oxalate aluminum (Alox) indicate the general P deficiency in the soil. However, a comparison from a previous study on the same experimental areas shows that not much improvement has occurred in soil P, and the change in soil P dynamics is very low. Nevertheless, the improvement of the values with increasing ages of Robinia pseudoacacia L. indicates that further improvement may be expected in soil nutrients with time.}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteBoldtBurischetal., author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Boldt-Burisch, Katja and Fritsch, Simone and Koning, Laurie Anne and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Carbon allocation, nodulation, and biological nitrogen fixation of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) under soil water limitation}, series = {Annals of Forest Research}, volume = {58}, journal = {Annals of Forest Research}, number = {2}, issn = {2065-2445}, doi = {10.15287/afr.2015.420}, pages = {259 -- 274}, abstract = {The pioneer tree black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a drought-resistant tree and, in symbiosis with Rhizobium, able to fix dinitrogen from the atmosphere. It is, therefore, an interesting species for marginal lands where soil amelioration is sought in addition to economic gain. However, the interaction between soil water availability, carbon allocation and nitrogen fixation is important for a successful establishment of trees on marginal lands and has not yet been investigated for black locust. Twoyear-old trees were grown under various soil water conditions and drought cycles. The stable isotopic composition of C (δ 13C) and N (δ 15N) of the leaves was used to identify i) the effective drought condition of the treatments and ii) the portion N accrued from the atmosphere by the biological nitrogen fixation. Drought-stressed plants significantly reduced their total aboveground biomass production, which was linearly linked to tree transpiration. The shoot:root ratio values changed from 2.2 for the drought-stressed to 4.3 for the well-watered plants. Our investigation shows that drought stress increases the nodule biomass of black locust in order to maintain biological nitrogen fixation and to counteract the lower soil nitrogen availability. The biological nitrogen fixation of drought-stressed trees could be maintained at relatively higher values compared to the well-watered trees. The average leaf nitrogen content varied between 2.8\% and 3.0\% and was not influenced by the drought stress. Carbon fixation, carbon allocation, and biological nitrogen fixation are to some extent balanced at low irrigation and allow Robinia to cope with long-term water constraints. The combination of black locust's ecophysiological and morphological plasticity make it interesting as a biomass source for bioenergy and timber production, even in nutrient-limited and drought-affected areas of Europe.}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteGypseretal., author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Gypser, Stella and Halke, Christian and Koning, Laurie Anne and Freese, Dirk and Lebzien, Stefan}, title = {Transpiration and biomass production of the bioenergy crop Giant Knotweed Igniscum under various supplies of water and nutrients}, series = {Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics}, volume = {62}, journal = {Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics}, number = {4}, issn = {0042-790X}, doi = {10.2478/johh-2014-0028}, pages = {316 -- 323}, abstract = {Soil water availability, nutrient supply and climatic conditions are key factors for plant production. For a sustainable integration of bioenergy plants into agricultural systems, detailed studies on their water uses and growth performances are needed. The new bioenergy plant Igniscum Candy is a cultivar of the Sakhalin Knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis), which is characterized by a high annual biomass production. For the determination of transpiration-yield relations at the whole plant level we used wicked lysimeters at multiple irrigation levels associated with the soil water availability (25, 35, 70, 100\%) and nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha-1). Leaf transpiration and net photosynthesis were determined with a portable minicuvette system. The maximum mean transpiration rate was 10.6 mmol m-2 s-1 for well-watered plants, while the mean net photosynthesis was 9.1 μmol m-2 s-1. The cumulative transpiration of the plants during the growing seasons varied between 49 l (drought stressed) and 141 l (well-watered) per plant. The calculated transpiration coefficient for Fallopia over all of the treatments applied was 485.6 l kg-1. The transpiration-yield relation of Igniscum is comparable to rye and barley. Its growth performance making Fallopia a potentially good second generation bioenergy crop.}, language = {en} } @misc{KoningVesteFreeseetal., author = {Koning, Laurie Anne and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk and Lebzien, Stefan}, title = {Effects of nitrogen and phsphate fertilization on leaf nutrient content, photosythesis, and growth of the novel bioenergy crop Fallopia schalinensis vc. 'Igniscum Candy'}, series = {Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality}, volume = {88}, journal = {Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality}, issn = {1439-040X}, doi = {10.5073/JABFQ.2015.088.005}, pages = {22 -- 28}, abstract = {The aim of the study was to determine the effects of nitrogen and phosphate fertilization on the growth performance of the novel bioenergy crop Fallopia sachalinensis cv. 'Igniscum Candy' (Polygonaceae). In a controlled pot experiment various nitrogen (0, 50, 150, 300 kg N ha-1) and phosphate (20, 40, 80 kg P ha-1) fertilizer amounts were applied to measure the effect on the biomass, plant height, leaf area, and leaf nutrient (N and P) content. Furthermore, the ecophysiological processes of chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and gas exchange were measured. The application of nitrogen correlated positively with biomass production, while phosphate fertilization did not show a significant effect on plant growth or ecophysiological parameters. The leaf nitrogen contents were significantly correlated with the nitrogen applications, while the leaf phosphate contents did not show a correlation with the P fertilizations, but increased with the leaf nitrogen contents. A significant linear correlation between N-Tester chlorophyll meter values and chlorophyll contents as well as with leaf nitrogen contents could be determined. Under the influence of the nitrogen fertilization, net photosynthesis increased from 3.7 to 6.6 μmol m-2 s-1. The results of this experiment demonstrated that nitrogen fertilization has an overall positive correlation with leaf nitrogen content, photosynthesis, and growth of the bioenergy crop Fallopia sachalinensis var. Igniscum Candy.}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteBoehmetal., author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Vignudelli, Marco and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Spatial and temporal variation of drought impact on black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) water status and growth}, series = {iForest Biogeosciences and Forestry}, volume = {8}, journal = {iForest Biogeosciences and Forestry}, issn = {1971-7458}, doi = {10.3832/ifor1299-008}, pages = {743 -- 747}, abstract = {Stimulated by the rising demand for bioenergy, forestry practices for energy production are of increasing importance worldwide. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a suitable tree species for biomass production in shortrotation plantations in East Germany, especially on marginal land where insufficient water and nutrients are a limiting factor for tree growth. Our study aims to clarify the spatial and temporal variability of the black locust growth through the analysis of the plant water status, and to evaluate the effect of adverse edaphic conditions on growth performances, amplified by periods of summer drought. The study was carried out at two sites presenting comparable climatic but different edaphic conditions: (i) fertile agricultural soil; and (ii) heterogeneous unstructured soil from a reclaimed post-mining area. During the vegetation period, the growth rate decreased in both sites following the plant water status in terms of pre-dawn leaf water potential. Particularly in the post-mining area, due to the adverse edaphic conditions, below the critical pre-dawn water potential value of -0.5 MPa, the stem growth was drastically reduced during a period of summer drought. However, the trees could cope with the extreme soil and weather conditions in the post-mining site without perishing.}, language = {en} } @incollection{QuinkensteinBoehmMatosetal., author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Matos, Eduardo da Silva and Freese, Dirk and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Assessing the carbon sequestration in short rotation coppice systems of Robinia pseudoacacia on marginal sites in NE-Germany}, series = {Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems Opportunities and Challenges}, booktitle = {Carbon Sequestration Potential of Agroforestry Systems Opportunities and Challenges}, editor = {Kumar, B. Mohan and Ramachandran Nair, P. K.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-94-007-1629-2}, pages = {201 -- 216}, language = {en} } @misc{FerreiroDominguezNairFreese, author = {Ferreiro-Dom{\´i}nguez, Nuria and Nair, Vimala D. and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Phosphorus dynamics in poplar silvopastural systems fertilised with sewage sludge}, series = {Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment}, volume = {223}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment}, issn = {0167-8809}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2016.02.022}, pages = {87 -- 98}, abstract = {The use of sewage sludge as fertiliser is a common practice in Europe, where sewage sludge is usually applied on a plant-available N or total metal concentration basis; as a result, phosphorus (P) concentrations can be well above crop needs. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of three doses of sewage sludge (0, 200, and 400 kg total N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) combined with lime (2.5 Mg CaCO3 ha⁻¹) or without lime on the P in soil and pasture, tree growth and pasture production in a silvopastoral system established with Populus canadensis Moench over seven consecutive years. The P availability varied with the soil pH (a result of lime and sewage sludge applications) throughout the study. In general, an increase of the soil acidity (pH 5.39) increased the amounts of Fe and Al in the soil solution, which form very strong bonds with P, thereby reducing the P availability (M3-P: 20.99 g kg⁻¹). The effect of lime on the P availability gradually declined in the years following its application. However, in the latter part of the study (2007-2008), due to the higher residual effect of the sewage sludge compared with lime, the doses of sewage sludge (200 and 400 kg N total ha⁻¹) increased the concentrations of P (200N: 37.31 g kg⁻¹ and 400N: 48.71 g kg⁻¹) and Fe (200N: 321.51 mg kg⁻¹ and 400N: 341.56 mg kg ⁻¹) in a Mehlich 3 solution, the concentration of P in the pasture (200N: 2.53 g kg⁻¹ and 400N: 2.81 g kg⁻¹) and the amount of P extracted by the pasture (200N: 8.78 kg ha⁻¹ and 400N: 10.34 kg ha⁻¹), resulting in possible reduction in environmental problems. Further, due to its agronomic benefits as a source of plant nutrients and organic matter, fertilisation with high quality sewage sludge could be recommended for silvopastoral systems under edaphoclimatic conditions similar to those in this study.}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteFreese, author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Effects of Drought Frequency on Growth Performance and Transpiration of Young Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)}, series = {International Journal of Forestry Research}, journal = {International Journal of Forestry Research}, issn = {1687-9376}, doi = {10.1155/2014/821891}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a drought-tolerant fast growing tree, which could be an alternative to the more common tree species used in short-rotation coppice on marginal land. The plasticity of black locust in the form of ecophysiological and morphological adaptations to drought is an important precondition for its successful growth in such areas. However, adaptation to drought stress is detrimental to primary production. Furthermore, the soil water availability condition of the initial stage of development may have an impact on the tree resilience. We aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress applied during the resprouting on the drought tolerance of the plant, by examining the black locust growth patterns. We exposed young trees in lysimeters to different cycles of drought. The drought memory affected the plant growth performance and its drought tolerance: the plants resprouting under drought conditions were more drought tolerant than the well-watered ones. Black locust tolerates drastic soil water availability variations without altering its water use efficiency (2.57 g L-1), evaluated under drought stress. Due to its constant water use efficiency and the high phenotypic plasticity, black locust could become an important species to be cultivated on marginal land.}, language = {en} } @misc{MantovaniVesteFreese, author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Black locust (Robina pseudoacacia L.) ecopysiological and morphological adaptations to drought and their consequence on biomass production and water-use efficiency}, series = {New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science}, volume = {44}, journal = {New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1186/s40490-014-0029-0}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Background: Successful plantation efforts growing Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) in the drier regions of Hungary and East Germany (Brandenburg), have demonstrated the potential of black locust as an alternative tree species for short-rotation biomass energy plantations. Methods: The response of black locust to water limitation was investigated in a lysimeter experiment. Plants were grown under three different soil moisture regimes, with values set at 35\%, 70\%, and 100\% of the soil water availability, namely WA35, WA70, and WA100. Their morphological adaptation and productivity response to water constraint were assessed together with their water-use efficiency. Furthermore, the ecophysiological adaptation at the leaf level was assessed in terms of net photosynthesis and leaf transpiration. Results: During the growing season, plants in the WA35, WA70, and WA100 treatments transpired 239, 386, and 589 litres of water respectively. The plants subjected to the WA35 and WA70 treatments developed smaller leaves compared with the plants subjected to the WA100 treatment (66\% and 36\% respectively), which contributed to the total leaf area reduction from 8.03 m2 (WA100) to 3.25 m2 (WA35). The total above-ground biomass produced in the WA35 (646 g) and WA70 (675 g) treatments reached only 46\% and 48\% of the biomass yield obtained in the WA100 (1415 g). The water-use efficiency across all treatments was 2.31 g L-1. At vapour pressure deficit (VPD) values <1.4 kPa trees growing under the WA35 soil moisture regime showed a stomatal down-regulation of transpiration to 5.3 mmol m-2 s-1, whereas the trees growing under the WA100 regime did not regulate their stomatal conductance and transpiration was 11.7 mmol m-2 s-1, even at VPD values >2 kPa. Conclusions: Black locust plants can adapt to prolonged drought conditions by reducing water loss through both reduced transpiration and leaf size. However, under well-watered conditions it does not regulate its transpiration, and therefore it cannot be considered a water-saving tree species.}, language = {en} } @misc{KanzlerBoehmFreese, author = {Kanzler, Michael and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Impact of P fertilisation on the growth performance of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in a lignite post-mining area in Germany}, series = {Annals of Forest Research}, volume = {58}, journal = {Annals of Forest Research}, number = {1}, doi = {10.15287/afr.2015.303}, pages = {39 -- 54}, abstract = {Due to its ability to grow on marginal sites black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) has been widely planted as a short rotation coppice (SRC) system that produce a renewable biomass feedstock in several post-mining areas of East Germany. However, as most of these sites are still in an initial stage of reclamation with low humus and nutrient contents, phosphorous can play a significant role as a plant limiting factor, because legumes require more P than other plants for their development. In April 2011, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of higher rates and different applications of phosphorus fertiliser on the nutrition, survival, and biomass production of two different-aged black locust SRC plantations on the post lignite-mining site "Welzow-S{\"u}d", situated in NE Germany. Treatments were applied as triple superphosphate (30, 60 and 120 kg P ha-1) and PK fertiliser (60 kg P ha-1) through broadcasting or banding on recently harvested or planted trees, respectively. Soil, leaf and woody biomass data were analysed utilising the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation coefficient (rS). Following two growing seasons, it was observed that the total dry weight yields of the black locust seedlings were increased strongly by up to 8 times when compared to the control group, particularly when TSP was applied through banding. P fertilisation, however, did not affect the biomass yield of six-year-old black locust trees, but P concentration in leaves among treatments of both sites was still significantly increased and sufficient from a quantity upwards of 60 kg P ha-1. Taken together, a comparably moderate amount of P fertiliser (60 kg ha-1) had a strong impact on P uptake and growth performance in the examined black locust seedlings, which reveals a high potential to improve the current fertilisation practices for SRC black locust plantations grown on our research site.}, language = {en} } @misc{TsonkovaBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Application of partial order ranking to identify enhancement potantials for the provision of selected ecosystem services by different land use strategies}, series = {Agricultural Systems}, volume = {135}, journal = {Agricultural Systems}, issn = {0308-521X}, doi = {10.1016/j.agsy.2015.01.002}, pages = {112 -- 121}, abstract = {Conventional agricultural practices have often been associated with negative externalities, such as land degradation, pollution of soil and water resources, loss of biodiversity, and decreased provision of ecosystem services (ES). In response to these negative effects, the number of indicator-based attempts to assess ES provided by land use systems has increased. However, decisions regarding the importance of the different ES are usually made subjectively. Following an objective approach through the use of a partial order ranking method, this study aimed to assess several non-provisioning ES supplied by alley cropping system (ACS) in comparison with conventional agriculture (CA). The main objective of the study was to verify the applicability of partial order ranking to an ecologically-based assessment, focusing on soil, water, and biodiversity indicators. Results from 40 hypothetical scenarios representing various site conditions of agricultural fields in Germany were calculated using the Ecosystem Services Assessment Tool for Agroforestry (ESAT-A), a toolbox designed to assess selected ES of ACS following an empirical approach. The results were ranked using partial order and were visualized by a Hasse diagram. The findings depict partial order ranking as a promising technique to support decision making in order to find priority scenarios and indicators where the provision of ES can be enhanced by establishing ACS. The minimal scenarios under CA identified with simultaneously low values of all indicators were perceived as target scenarios for establishing ACS. The values of the indicators for the current land use system need to be taken into account in order to avoid scenarios where high tradeoff was suggested. Additionally, this approach can be extended and utilized at the field level to aid farmer decisions on which land use strategy is the most suitable alternative to increase the provision of ES.}, language = {en} } @misc{MedinskiFreeseBoehm, author = {Medinski, Tanya V. and Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian}, title = {Soil CO2 flux in an alley-cropping system composed of black locust and poplar trees, Germany}, series = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {89}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, number = {2}, issn = {1572-9680}, doi = {10.1007/s10457-014-9764-8}, pages = {267 -- 277}, abstract = {Understanding of soil carbon dynamics after establishment of alley-cropping systems is crucial for mitigation of greenhouse CO2 gas. This study investigates soil CO2 fluxes in an alley-cropping system composed of tree strips of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and poplar (Populus nigra 9 P. maximowiczii, Max 1) trees and adjacent to them crop strips (Lupinus/Solarigol). Soil CO2 flux was measured monthly over a period from March to November 2012, using a LI-COR LI-8100A automated device. Concurrently with CO2 flux measurements, soil and air temperature, soil moisture, microbial C and hot water-extractable C were determined for the soils nearby soil collars. Root biomass was determined to a depth of 15 cm. In all sampling areas, soil CO2 flux increased from May to July, showing a significant positive correlation with air and soil temperature, which can be a reflection of increase in photosynthesis, and therefore supply of carbohydrates from leaves to rhizosphere, over the warm summer months. A positive correlation between CO2 flux and soil moisture over the warm period indicates an enhancing role of soil moisture on microbial mineralization and root respiration. Average CO2 flux values observed over March-November period did not differ significantly between sampling areas, showing 2.5, 3.2, and 2.9 lmol m-2 s-1 values for black locust, poplar and crops, respectively. Significantly higher CO2 flux values over the summer period in trees could be attributed to the higher photosynthetic activity and higher root density compared to crops.}, language = {en} } @misc{TsonkovaQuinkensteinBoehmetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk and Schaller, Eberhard}, title = {Ecosystem services assessment tool for agroforestry (ESAT-A): Anapproach to assess selected ecosystem services provided by alleycropping systems}, series = {Ecological Indicators}, journal = {Ecological Indicators}, number = {45}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.024}, pages = {285 -- 299}, language = {en} } @misc{SlazakFreeseMatosetal., author = {Slazak, Anna and Freese, Dirk and Matos, Eduardo da Silva and Nii-Annang, Seth and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Phosphorus pools in soil after land conversion from silvopasture to arable and grassland use}, series = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, volume = {177}, journal = {Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science}, number = {2}, issn = {1522-2624}, doi = {10.1002/jpln.201200334}, pages = {159 -- 167}, abstract = {Differences in soil P among silvopasture, grassland, and arable lands have been well established. Nevertheless, most of the reports compare soil properties under long-term sites. Thus, there exists little information on the effect of the conversion of silvopasture to arable or grassland use on soil P pools. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of converting silvopasture system (SP) into arable cropping and grassland system on the distribution of P pools and potential P bioavailability. We compared the following systems: SP system, SP converted to arable cropland (SP-AL), SP converted to grassland (SP-GL), and for comparative purposes, a long-term arable cropland (AL). The P fractionation was performed by a sequential extraction scheme, using acid and alkaline extractants on samples collected from the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers. It was assumed that the large variations in soil-P fractionations are caused by the different management practices associated with land conversion. The results of P fractionation showed a dominance of calcium-bound P, HCl-extractable Pi constituted up to 36\% of the soil total P (TP). However, the type of land use did not affect this P fraction. On the other hand, the reduction in labile-Pi and NaOH-Pi fractions observed at the SP-AL site may have led to the decline in readily available P. The soil total organic P (TPo) content was 8\% and 17\% lower at SP-AL compared to SP and SP-GL site, respectively. Labile organic-P (labile-Po) content was markedly higher at SP site compared to arable soils, and was ≈ 10\% of TPo. The NaOH-Po constituted the highest fraction of the organic-P pool (55\%-79\% of TPo) across all the study systems, and was positively correlated with TPo (p < 0.01). The study indicates that conversion of SP system in temperate regions to arable cropping with conventional tillage seems to result in the reduction of P availability compared to SP, indicating SP as an important land-use practice.}, language = {en} } @misc{MedinskiFreeseBoehmetal., author = {Medinski, Tanya V. and Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Slazak, Anna}, title = {Soil carbon fractions in short rotation poplar and black locust coppices, Germany}, series = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {88}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, number = {3}, issn = {1572-9680}, doi = {10.1007/s10457-014-9709-2}, pages = {505 -- 515}, abstract = {Short rotation coppice (SRC) is seen as a successful management system, which in addition to energy wood production may enhance soil carbon sequestration. The objective of this study was to investigate total, labile and stable soil carbon fractions at SRCs composed of poplar clones Max 1 (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii), Muhle Larsen (Populus Trichocarpa), and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Study was conducted at three SRC sites (Allendorf, Dornburg, and Forst) varying in age (1-4 years old), soil texture and climatic characteristics, in Germany. Composite soil samples collected at SRCs from 0 to 3; 0-10; 10-30; and 30-60 cm depth layers were compared with soils collected from adjacent crop strips. Samples were analysed for total organic carbon (TOC), hot-water extractable carbon (HWC), and organic carbon (OC) at 250-2,000; 53-250; and\53 lm soil-size aggregates. Total OC stocks in 0-60 cm soil layer were the highest at the site with the heaviest texture, Dornburg, followed by Forst and Allendorf, comprising 92-107; 59-74; and 53-64 Mg ha-1, respectively. Although no significant differences in the total OC stocks between SRCs and adjacent crops were found for the 0-60 cm layer, a significantly (p\0.05) higher TOC, HWC, OC at macroaggregates (250-2,000 lm), and the amount of macro-aggregates were found in the top 0-3 cm layer in all SRC sites (except the youngest poplar SRC in Forst) compared to adjacent crop strips. A greater macro-aggregate formation in SRCs related to the lower soil disturbance compared to the tilled crops, revealed a potential of SRC for C sequestration, as C occluded within soil aggregates has a slower decomposition rates and longer residence time.}, language = {en} } @misc{BoehmKanzlerFreese, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Kanzler, Michael and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Wind speed reduction as influenced by woody hedgerows grown for biomass in short rotation alley cropping systems in Germany}, series = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {88}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, number = {4}, issn = {1572-9680}, doi = {10.1007/s10457-014-9700-y}, pages = {579 -- 591}, abstract = {The cultivation of fast growing trees on agricultural sites is an area undergoing a growth in interest due to the rising demand for woody biomass as a source of bioenergy. Short rotation alley cropping systems (SRACS) represent a promising possibility to combine annual crops for food, fodder or bioenergy with woody plants for biomass production, doing so through an integration of hedgerows of fast growing trees into conventional agricultural sites. Against such developments, the question has arisen as to what extent hedgerows in SRACS can act as an effective windbreak despite their management-related low height of only a few meters. On the basis of multiannual recorded wind velocity data in high resolution at two sites in Germany, it could be shown that the wind speed on crop alleys was reduced significantly by such hedgerows. At the central point of 24 m wide crop alleys, the wind speed decreased on an annual average basis by more than 50 \% when compared to the wind speeds of open field. The overall amount of reduction was strongly dependent on the location within the crop alleys, the height of trees, the distance between two hedgerows, and their orientation. In reflection upon these results, it was concluded that the establishment of SRACS could lead to enhanced soil protection against wind erosion and thus to ecological and economic benefits for agricultural sites.}, language = {en} } @misc{WangZhuCaoetal., author = {Wang, Guan and Zhu, Zihong and Cao, Jianhua and Zhu, Tongbin and Zhou, Jinxing and M{\"u}ller, Christoph and Li, Junran and Freese, Dirk and Le Roux, Xavier}, title = {Agricultural cultivation duration affects soil inorganic N turnover and supply capacity : Evidence in subtropical karst regions}, series = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment}, volume = {381}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment}, publisher = {Elsevier BV}, issn = {0167-8809}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2024.109462}, abstract = {The conversion of indigenous woodlands to agricultural lands has significantly altered nitrogen (N) cycling, impacting both ecosystem productivity and environmental health locally and globally. The relationship between cultivation duration and soil N availability and the mechanisms that drive these changes, however, remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the duration of agricultural reclamation influences soil N cycling in the karst landscapes of southwestern China. We selected economic crops that have been cultivated for 1, 5, 15, and 30 years and conducted a regional survey using 15N labeling and molecular biology techniques to assess the effects of cultivation duration on soil N cycling. Our results show that short-term reclamation (< 5 years) caused minimal changes in soil N dynamics, with little effect on the net production rates of NH4+ and NO3-. However, as cultivation duration increased, we observed progressive declines in mineralization, nitrification, and microbial immobilization rates of NH4+ and NO3-. This led to a substantial reduction in soil inorganic N availability (-39 \% for NH4+ and -70 \% for NO3-) and a significant increase in the mean residence time of NH4+ and NO3-, indicating a slower N turnover. Long-term reclamation (30 years) resulted in the most pronounced effects, reducing the soil's capacity to supply inorganic N by impairing soil organic matter input, degrading soil structure, and lowering soil pH. Key soil variables such as soil organic carbon content, pH, total N, and soil aggregate stability explained over 80 \% of the variance in N turnover rates. Overall, our findings suggest that while shortterm reclamation has little impact, long-term agricultural practices significantly impair soil N cycling and availability. Sustainable agricultural practices that enhance soil organic matter content and promote soil aggregate stability could help preserve soil health and maintain productivity in karst and similar regions worldwide.}, language = {en} } @misc{KayRegaMorenoetal., author = {Kay, Sonja and Rega, Carlo and Moreno, Gerardo and Herder, Michael den and Palma, Jo{\~a}o H. N. and Borek, Robert and Crous-Duran, Josep and Freese, Dirk and Giannitsopoulos, Michail and Graves, Anil and J{\"a}ger, Mareike and Lamersdorf, Norbert and Memedemin, Daniyar and Mosquera-Losada, R. and Pantera, Anastasia and Paracchini, Maria Luisa and Paris, Pierluigi and Roces-D{\´i}az, Jos{\´e} V. and Rolo, Victor and Rosati, Adolfo and Sandor, Mignon and Smith, Jo and Szerencsits, Erich and Varga, Anna and Viaud, Val{\´e}rie and Wawer, Rafal and Burgess, Paul J. and Herzog, Felix}, title = {Agroforestry creates carbon sinks whilst enhancing the environment in agricultural landscapes in Europe}, series = {Land Use Policy}, volume = {83}, journal = {Land Use Policy}, issn = {0264-8377}, doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.02.025}, pages = {581 -- 593}, abstract = {Agroforestry, relative to conventional agriculture, contributes significantly to carbon sequestration, increases a range of regulating ecosystem services, and enhances biodiversity. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we combined scientific and technical knowledge to evaluate nine environmental pressures in terms of ecosystem services in European farmland and assessed the carbon storage potential of suitable agroforestry systems, proposed by regional experts. First, regions with potential environmental pressures were identified with respect to soil health (soil erosion by water and wind, low soil organic carbon), water quality (water pollution by nitrates, salinization by irrigation), areas affected by climate change (rising temperature), and by underprovision in biodiversity (pollination and pest control pressures, loss of soil biodiversity). The maps were overlaid to identify areas where several pressures accumulate. In total, 94.4\% of farmlands suffer from at least one environmental pressure, pastures being less affected than arable lands. Regional hotspots were located in north-western France, Denmark, Central Spain, north and south-western Italy, Greece, and eastern Romania. The 10\% of the area with the highest number of accumulated pressures were defined as Priority Areas, where the implementation of agroforestry could be particularly effective. In a second step, European agroforestry experts were asked to propose agroforestry practices suitable for the Priority Areas they were familiar with, and identified 64 different systems covering a wide range of practices. These ranged from hedgerows on field boundaries to fast growing coppices or scattered single tree systems. Third, for each proposed system, the carbon storage potential was assessed based on data from the literature and the results were scaled-up to the Priority Areas. As expected, given the wide range of agroforestry practices identified, the carbon sequestration potentials ranged between 0.09 and 7.29 t C ha -1 a -1 . Implementing agroforestry on the Priority Areas could lead to a sequestration of 2.1 to 63.9 million t C a -1 (7.78 and 234.85 million t CO 2eq a -1 ) depending on the type of agroforestry. This corresponds to between 1.4 and 43.4\% of European agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, promoting agroforestry in the Priority Areas would contribute to mitigate the environmental pressures identified there. We conclude that the strategic and spatially targeted establishment of agroforestry systems could provide an effective means of meeting EU policy objectives on GHG emissions whilst providing a range of other important benefits.}, language = {en} } @misc{AdesipoAkinbiolaAwotoyeetal., author = {Adesipo, Adegbite Adeleke and Akinbiola, Sehinde and Awotoye, Olusegun O. and Salami, Ayobami T. and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Impact of mining on the floristic association of gold mined sites in Southwest Nigeria}, series = {BMC Ecology}, volume = {20}, journal = {BMC Ecology}, issn = {1472-6785}, doi = {10.1186/s12898-020-00276-9}, pages = {13}, abstract = {Background: Occurrences in land use, human activities and climate change have both direct and indirect influences on the environment. Of interest for this study is mining; a common activity in developing countries such as Nigeria which is endowed with over 34 solid minerals. The gold mining sites in the Southwest region of the country is predominantly by Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM). Though the benefits are known, its induced consequences are enormous. To understand its extent of floristic diversity, identification of functional plants and plant species surviving on the mined sites (despite its characterized mining and alteration level); this study compared the floristic composition of an abandoned mining site (Site 1), an active mining site (Site 2) and an undisturbed vegetation sites (Control) of similar vegetation zone. Results: A total of 54, 28 and 37 species belonging to 31, 20 and 23 families were found on Site 1, Site 2 and the control site, respectively. It shows that the floristic composition of all the sites has been altered due to its past intense agricultural colonization and human activities, but severe on Site 1 and 2 due to mining. Lots of the identified species are functional species and stand as ecological indicators. Species such as Acanthus montanus and Icacina richantha found on the Control sites are native and significance but species such as Capsicum frutescens and Crassocephalum crepidioides on Site 2 are due to human inference while most species on Site 1 shows both original and altered floristic composition (e.g. Adenia venenata and Grewia flavescens). Conclusions: Apart from the on-going farming activities, ASM activities such as pollution, deforestation and exposure of the forest soils to direct sunlight has greatly stressed and disturbed the floristic composition, species richness, life form patterns, of the mined sites as well as introduction of non-native plant species. It is therefore necessary to develop effective approaches and policies to curb these illegal ASM activities, empower the community (especially youths), stabilize the economy and establish sustainable development strategies with adequate reclamation measures.}, language = {en} } @misc{AhmedGypserFreeseetal., author = {Ahmed, Ashour A. and Gypser, Stella and Freese, Dirk and Leinweber, Peter and K{\"u}hn, Oliver}, title = {Molecular level picture of the interplay between pH and phosphate binding at the goethite-water interface}, series = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, volume = {22}, journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, number = {45}, issn = {1463-9084}, doi = {10.1039/d0cp04698a}, pages = {26509 -- 26524}, abstract = {The soil pH plays a substantial role in controlling phosphorus (P) adsorption and mobilization. These processes are strongly affected by the phosphate interaction strength with P-fixing soil minerals such as goethite. The target of the current contribution is to draw a molecular level picture of the interplay between pH and phosphate binding at the goethite-water interface via a joint experimental-theoretical approach. Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to provide a molecular level understanding of the pH dependence of P adsorption. To validate the modeling approach, adsorption experiments of phosphate at goethite were performed in the pH range of 4-12. There was agreement between experiments and simulations in the description of the adsorption behavior by two pH-dependent successive stages. The adsorption increases along the pH change from 4 to 8. A further increase of pH leads to a decrease of adsorption. By comparing with literature data it is concluded that the first stage will be observed only if there is no significant change of the surface charge at low pH. Moreover, the molecular modeling results point to the abundance of the monodentate (M) binding motif at both extremely low and high pH ranges. Otherwise, the bidentate (B) one is predominant along the intermediate pH range. These observations could resolve the existing debate about the assignment of phosphate-goethite binding motifs. Furthermore, the results point to a decrease of pH upon phosphate sorption due to an induced acidification of soil solution. The present joint experimental-theoretical approach provides a better understanding and description of the existing phosphate sorption experiments and highlights new findings at the atomistic/molecular scale.}, language = {en} } @misc{KanzlerBoehmFreese, author = {Kanzler, Michael and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {The development of soil organic carbon under young black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees at a post-mining landscape in eastern Germany}, series = {New Forests}, volume = {52 (2021)}, journal = {New Forests}, number = {1}, issn = {1573-5095}, doi = {10.1007/s11056-020-09779-1}, pages = {68}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of short rotation alley cropping systems (SRACS) to improve the soil fertility of marginal post-mining sites in Brandenburg, Germany. Therefore, we annually investigated the crop alleys (AC) and black locust hedgerows (ABL) of a SRACS field trail under initial soil conditions to identify the short-term effects of tree planting on the storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its degree of stabilization by density fractionation. We detected a significant increase in SOC and hot-water-extractable organic C (HWEOC) at ABL, which was mainly restricted to the uppermost soil layer (0-10 cm). After 6 years, the SOC and HWEOC accumulation rates at ABL were 0.6 Mg and 46 kg ha-1 year-1, which were higher than those in the AC. In addition, comparatively high stocks of approximately 4.6 Mg OC and 182 kg HWEOC ha-1 were stored in the ABL litter layer. Density fractionation of the 0-3 cm soil layer at ABL revealed that the majority of the total SOC (47\%) was stored in the free particulate organic matter fraction, which was more than twice that of the AC. At the same time, a higher and steadily increasing amount of SOC was stored in the occluded particulate organic matter fraction at ABL, which indicated a high efficiency for SOC stabilization. Overall, our findings support the suitability of black locust trees for increasing the soil fertility of the reclaimed mining substrate and, consequently, the high potential for SRACS to serve as an effective recultivation measure at marginal sites.}, language = {en} } @misc{GypserSchuetzeFreese, author = {Gypser, Stella and Sch{\"u}tze, Elisabeth and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Single and binary Fe- and Al-hydroxides affect potential phosphorus mobilization and transfer from pools of different availability}, series = {Soil Systems}, volume = {5}, journal = {Soil Systems}, number = {2}, doi = {10.3390/soilsystems5020033}, pages = {1 -- 21}, abstract = {Phosphorus (P) fixation is a global problem for soil fertility and negatively impacts agricultural productivity. This study characterizes P desorption of already fixed P by using KCl, KNO3, histidine, and malic acid as inorganic and organic compounds, which are quite common in soil. Goethite, gibbsite, and ferrihydrite, as well as hydroxide mixtures with varying Fe- and Al-ratio were selected as model substances of crystalline and amorphous Fe- and Al-hydroxides. Especially twoand multi-component hydroxide systems are common in soils, but they have barely been included in desorption studies. Goethite showed the highest desorption in the range from 70.4 to 81.0\%, followed by gibbsite with values in the range from 50.7 to 42.6\%. Ferrihydrite had distinctive lower desorption in the range from 11.8 to 1.9\%. Within the group of the amorphous Fe-Al-hydroxide mixtures, P desorption was lowest at the balanced mixture ratio for 1 Fe: 1 Al, increased either with increasing Fe or Al amount. Precipitation and steric effects were concluded to be important influencing factors. More P was released by crystalline Fe-hydroxides, and Al-hydroxides of varying crystallinity, but desorption using histidine and malic acid did not substantially influence P desorption compared to inorganic constituents.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchuetzeGypserFreese, author = {Sch{\"u}tze, Elisabeth and Gypser, Stella and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Kinetics of phosphorus release from vivianite, hydroxyapatite, and bone char influenced by organic and inorganic compounds}, series = {Soil Systems}, volume = {4}, journal = {Soil Systems}, number = {1}, issn = {2571-8789}, doi = {10.3390/soilsystems4010015}, pages = {1 -- 20}, abstract = {The availability of P is often insuffcient and limited by accumulation in soils. This led to the necessity of solutions for the recovery as well as recycling of secondary P resources. Batch experiments were conducted with CaCl2 and citric acid to characterize P release kinetics from vivianite, hydroxyapatite, and bone char. While the P release during the CaCl2 treatment was so low that only vivianite and hydroxyapatite showed a slightly higher release with increasing CaCl2 concentration, the increase of dissolved P was more pronounced for citric acid. The application of citric acid resulted in a 32,190-fold higher P release for bone char. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic data suggested higher instability of hydroxyapatite than for bone char. The kinetic data showed that bone char, especially at a lower particle size, had a higher long-term P release than hydroxyapatite or vivianite. The suitability of hydroxyapatite and bone char as a poorly soluble, but sustainable P source is better than that of vivianite. However, the efficiency as a P fertilizer is also dependent on present soil P mobilization processes. The results underline the importance of the accessibility of fertilized or naturally bound P for plant roots to benefit from the excretion of organic acids.}, language = {en} } @misc{DimitrovaRepmannFreese, author = {Dimitrova, Tsvetelina and Repmann, Frank and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Degradation of ferrocyanide by natural isolated bacteria}, series = {International Journal of Phytoremediation}, volume = {Vol. 22}, journal = {International Journal of Phytoremediation}, number = {1}, issn = {1522-6514}, doi = {doi:10.1080/15226514.2019.1633996}, pages = {20 -- 28}, abstract = {This study aims at investigating the iron cyanide (CN) degradation potential of two natural bacterial isolates with the purpose of their application in iron CN phytoremediation. The strains were isolated from contaminated soil and incubated over 4 months with 50 mg L-1 CN (as ferrocyanide) as the sole iron and nitrogen source. Unlike previous reports, the study provides control for bacterial growth, biotic and abiotic CN losses. Bacterial growth, CN, ammonium, and nitrate concentrations were monitored regularly. Both strains grew less rapid with iron CN compared with the positive control. However, the growth was diauxic. The CN concentration in the media decreased with 20\% and 25\% respectively, while that in the sterile controls remained stable. Ammonium was detected in the media of both strains implying that a fraction of the initially applied ferrocyanide has been converted. The nitrogen lost from the system evened out with that in the cells at the end of the experiments. These results showed that the investigated strains were undoubtedly able to grow on iron CN as an alternative nitrogen source, but contrary to some previous findings, the iron CN utilization is much slower and takes place only after complete exhaustion of the cellular nitrogen reserves.}, language = {en} } @misc{GerwinRepmannGalatsidasetal., author = {Gerwin, Werner and Repmann, Frank and Galatsidas, Spyridon and Vlachaki, Despoina and Gounaris, Nikos and Baumgarten, Wibke and Volkmann, Christiane and Keramitzis, Dimitrios and Kiourtsis, Fotios and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Assessment and quantification of marginal lands for biomass production in Europe using soil-quality indicators}, series = {SOIL}, volume = {4}, journal = {SOIL}, number = {4}, issn = {2199-398X}, doi = {10.5194/soil-4-267-2018}, pages = {267 -- 290}, abstract = {The cultivation of bioenergy plants in fertile, arable lands increasingly results in new land use conflicts with food production and cannot be considered as sustainable. Marginal lands have been frequently considered as potential alternatives for producing bioenergy from biomass. However, clear definitions and assessment methods for selecting marginal lands and for calculating potentials are still widely missing. The project "SEEMLA" aims at triggering the exploitation of currently underused marginal lands for biomass production for energy purposes. Study sites have been selected in different European countries: Germany, Greece, and Ukraine. The selected sites represent a wide variety of different types of marginal lands. Based on a soil assessment set given by the Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) system potentially "marginal" sites have been investigated. The SQR system allows for clearly distinguishing between soils of higher and lower quality. Soils with SQR scores below 40 are regarded as "marginal". They can be classified into different groups with regard to the importance of soil hazard indicators as evaluated by the SQR approach. The calculated SQR scores correlate significantly with biomass yields of bioenergy plants. Further, the SQR method was adapted for use in a GIS study on marginal-land potentials in Europe. Thus, 46\% of the investigated European area could be classified as "marginal" with SQR scores below 40. From that area 22.6\% can be considered as potentially suitable for producing renewable resources after eliminating protected sites or other places not suitable for any kind of land use. Taking the ecological demands of selected bioenergy plants into account it is possible to give first preliminary recommendations for regional crop cultivation. It can be concluded that Europe offers a large potential for renewable resources from marginal sites. However, the implementation into practice is often impeded by missing or varying policies and regulations. A proper implementation needs clear regulations and also incentives for farmers at the European level.}, language = {en} } @misc{AhmedGypserLeinweberetal., author = {Ahmed, Ashour A. and Gypser, Stella and Leinweber, Peter and Freese, Dirk and K{\"u}hn, Oliver}, title = {Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Phosphate Binding at the Goethite-Water Interface}, series = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, volume = {21}, journal = {Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics}, issn = {1463-9084}, doi = {10.1039/C8CP07168C}, pages = {4421 -- 4434}, abstract = {The interaction between phosphates and soil mineral surfaces, such as Fe- and Al-(oxyhydr)oxides, plays a crucial role in the P immobilization and thus its availability for plants. The reactions of phosphates with Fe-hydroxides and especially goethite have been studied extensively. But a molecular-level picture about the phosphate binding mechanism at the goethite-water interface is still lacking. Therefore, in the current contribution we have explored the molecular binding mechanism for the adsorbed phosphate at the goethite-water interface by performing sorption kinetics experiments for orthophosphate and characterizing the adsorbed species by FT-IR spectroscopy. In parallel, periodic DFT calculations have been performed to explore the interaction mechanism as well as to calculate the IR spectra for monodentate (M) and bidentate (B) orthophosphate complexes at two different goethite surface planes (010 and 100) in the presence of water. In general, our interaction energy results give evidence that the mono-protonated B phosphate complex is more favored to be formed at the goethite-water interface although the M motif could exist as a minor fraction. Moreover, it was found that water plays an important role in controlling the phosphate adsorption process at the goethite surfaces. The interfacial water molecules form H-bonds (HBs) with the phosphate as well as with the goethite surface atoms. Further, some water molecules form covalent bonds with goethite Fe atoms while others dissociate at the surface to protons and hydroxyl groups. The present theoretical assignment of IR spectra introduces a benchmark for characterizing experimental IR data for the adsorbed KH2PO4 species at the goethite-water interface. In particular, IR spectra of the mono-protonated (2O+1Fe) B complex at the 010 goethite surface plane and the M complex at the 100 goethite surface plane were found to be consistent with the experimental data. In order to explore the role of different abundancies of surface planes and binding motifs, IR spectra obtained from weighted averages have been analyzed. Results confirmed the above conclusions drawn from interaction energy calculations.}, language = {en} } @misc{DimitrovaRepmannFreese, author = {Dimitrova, Tsvetelina and Repmann, Frank and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Detoxification of ferrocyanide in a soil-plant system}, series = {Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {77}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Sciences}, issn = {1001-0742}, doi = {10.1016/j.jes.2018.06.005}, pages = {54 -- 64}, abstract = {The detoxification of iron cyanide in a soil-plant system was investigated to assess the total cyanide extracted fromcontaminated soil and allocated in the leaf tissue ofwillowtrees (Salix caprea). They were grown in soil containing up to 1000 mg/kg dry weight (dw) of cyanide (CN), added as 15N-labeled potassium ferrocyanide and prepared with a new method for synthesis of labeled iron cyanides. CN content and 15N enrichment were monitored weekly over the exposure in leaf tissue of different age. The 15N enrichment in the young and old leaf tissue reached up to 15.197 per milleand 9063 per mille, respectively; it increased significantly over the exposure and with increasing exposure concentrations (p < 0.05). Although the CN accumulation in the old leaf tissue was higher, compared to the young leaf tissue (p < 0.05), the 15N enrichment in the two tissue types did not differ statistically. This indicates a non-uniform CN accumulation but a uniform 15N allocation throughout the leaf mass. Significant differences were detected between the measured CN content and the C15N content, calculated fromthe 15N enrichment (p < 0.05), revealing a significant CN fraction within the leaf tissue, which could not be detected as ionic CN. The application of labeled iron CN clearly shows that CN is detoxified during uptake by the willows. However, these results do not exclude other detoxification pathways, not related to the trees. Still, they are strongly indicative of the central role the trees played in CN removal and detoxification under the experimental conditions.}, language = {en} } @misc{KayatzBaroniHillieretal., author = {Kayatz, Benjamin and Baroni, Gabriele and Hillier, Jon and L{\"u}dtke, Stefan and Heathcote, Richard and Malin, Daniella and Tonder, Carl van and Kuster, Benjamin and Freese, Dirk and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Wattenbach, Martin}, title = {Cool Farm Tool Water: A global on-line tool to assess water use in crop production}, series = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, volume = {207}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, issn = {0959-6526}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.160}, pages = {1163 -- 1179}, abstract = {The agricultural sector accounts for 70\% of all water consumption and poses great pressure on ground water resources. Therefore, evaluating agricultural water consumption is highly important as it allows supply chain actors to identify practices which are associated with unsustainable water use, which risk depleting current water resources and impacting future production. However, these assessments are often not feasible for crop producers as data, models and experiments are required in order to conduct them. This work introduces a new on-line agricultural water use assessment tool that provides the water footprint and irrigation requirements at field scale based on an enhanced FAO56 approach combined with a global climate, crop and soil databases. This has been included in the Cool Farm Tool e an online tool which already provides metrics for greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity impacts and therefore allows for a more holistic assessment of environmental sustainability in farming and agricultural supply chains. The model is tested against field scale and state level water footprint data providing good results. The tool provides a practical, reliable way to assess agricultural water use, and offers a means to engage growers and stakeholders in identifying efficient water management practices.}, language = {en} } @misc{SesermanFreeseSwieteretal., author = {Seserman, Diana-Maria and Freese, Dirk and Swieter, Anita and Langhof, Maren and Veste, Maik}, title = {Trade-Off between Energy Wood and Grain Production in Temperate Alley-Cropping Systems: An Empirical and Simulation-Based Derivation of Land Equivalent Ratio}, series = {Agriculture}, volume = {9}, journal = {Agriculture}, number = {7}, issn = {2077-0472}, doi = {10.3390/agriculture9070147}, pages = {26}, abstract = {The alley-cropping systems (ACSs), which integrate parallel tree strips at varying distances on an agricultural field can result, complementarity of resource use, in an increased land-use efficiency. Practitioners' concerns have been directed towards the productivity of such systems given a reduced area covered by agricultural crops. The land equivalent ratio (LER) serves as a valuable productivity indicator of yield performance and land-use efficiency in ACSs, as it compares the yields achieved in monocultures to those from ACSs. Consequently, the objective of this combined experimental and simulation study was to assess the tree- and crop-yields and to derive the LER and gross energy yield for two temperate ACSs in Germany under different design scenarios, i.e., tree arrangements (lee- or wind-ward) and ratios of tree area to crop area. Both LER and gross energy yields resulted in a convex curve where the maximum values were achieved when either the tree or crop component was dominant (>75\% of the land area) and minimum when these components shared similar proportions of land area. The implications of several design scenarios have been discussed in order to improve the decision-making, optimization, and adaptation of the design of ACSs with respect to site-specific characteristics}, language = {en} } @misc{MedinskiFreeseReitz, author = {Medinski, Tetiana and Freese, Dirk and Reitz, Thomas}, title = {Changes in soil phosphorus balance and phosphorus-use efficiency under long-term fertilization conducted on agriculturally used Chernozem in Germany}, series = {Canadian Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {98}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Soil Science}, number = {4}, issn = {1918-1841}, doi = {10.1139/cjss-2018-0061}, pages = {650 -- 662}, abstract = {This study investigates changes in soil phosphorus (P) in different fertilization treatments applied since 1902 on Chernozem soil at a "Static Fertilization Experiment" in Germany. Total and plant-available soil P, and soil P balances were assessed at 0-30, 30-60, and 60-90 cm depth layers in unfertilized "Zero", mineral "NK" and "NPK", and combined mineral and organic "FYM + NK" (farmyard manure + NK) and "FYM + NPK" fertilization treatments. P-use efficiencies were determined for each crop in rotation (sugar beet, spring barley, potato, and winter wheat). The 110 yr of P fertilization at rates between 22 and 55 t ha-1 yr-1 resulted in a significant increase of available P contents. P stocks increased up to 60 cm depth. Total P accumulation comprised 1.4 t ha-1 for NPK, 1.3 t ha-1 for FYM + NK, and 3.1 t ha-1 for FYM + NPK. Crops cultivation without P fertilization in Zero and NK treatments resulted in negative P balances and reduction of available P below recommended levels. Reduction of mineral P application rates after 1981, along with crop variety-dependent yield increases, resulted in an improved P-use efficiency. An organic fertilization combined with mineral N and K fertilizers (FYM + NK) was found to be the most P-efficient treatment for Chernozem soils.}, language = {en} } @misc{SesermanFreese, author = {Seserman, Diana-Maria and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Handling Data Gaps in Reported Field Measurements of Short Rotation Forestry}, series = {Data}, volume = {4}, journal = {Data}, number = {4}, issn = {2306-5729}, doi = {10.3390/data4040132}, pages = {16}, abstract = {Filling missing data in forest research is paramount for the analysis of primary data, forest statistics, land use strategies, as well as for the calibration/validation of forest growth models. Consequently, our main objective was to investigate several methods of filling missing data under a reduced sample size. From a complete dataset containing yearly first-rotation tree growth measurements over a period of eight years, we gradually retrieved two and then four years of measurements, hence operating on 72\% and 43\% of the original data. Secondly, 15 statistical models, five forest growth functions, and one biophysical, process-oriented, tree growth model were employed for filling these data gap representations accounting for 72\% and 43\% of the available data. Several models belonging to (i) regression analysis, (ii) statistical imputation, (iii) forest growth functions, and (iv) tree growth models were applied in order to retrieve information about the trees from existing yearly measurements. Subsequently, the findings of this study could lead to finding a handy tool for both researchers and practitioners dealing with incomplete datasets. Moreover, we underline the paramount demand for far-sighted, long-term research projects for the expansion and maintenance of a short rotation forestry (SRF) repository.}, language = {en} } @misc{SesermanPohleVesteetal., author = {Seserman, Diana-Maria and Pohle, Ina and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Simulating Climate Change Impacts on Hybrid-Poplar and Black Locust Short Rotation Coppices}, series = {Forestry}, volume = {9}, journal = {Forestry}, number = {7}, issn = {1464-3626}, doi = {10.3390/f9070419}, pages = {25}, abstract = {In Brandenburg, north-eastern Germany, climate change is associated with increasing annual temperatures and decreasing summer precipitation. Appraising short rotation coppices (SRCs), given their long-time planning horizon demands for systematic assessments of woody biomass production under a considerable spectrum of climate change prospects. This paper investigates the prospective growth sensitivity of poplar and black locust SRCs, established in Brandenburg to a variety of weather conditions and long-term climate change, from 2015 to 2054, by a combined experimental and simulation study. The analysis employed (i) a biophysical, process-based model to simulate the daily tree growth and (ii) 100 realisations of the statistical regional climate model STAR 2K. In the last growing period, the simulations showed that the assumed climate change could lead to a decrease in the woody biomass of about 5 Mg ha -1 (18\%) for poplar and a decrease of about 1.7 Mg ha -1 (11\%) for black locust trees with respect to the median observed in the reference period. The findings corroborate the potential tree growth vulnerability to prospective climatic changes, particularly to changes in water availability and underline the importance of coping management strategies in SRCs for forthcoming risk assessments and adaptation scenarios.}, language = {en} } @misc{QuinkensteinWoelleckeBoehmetal., author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and W{\"o}llecke, Jens and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Gr{\"u}newald, Holger and Freese, Dirk and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Ecological benefits of the alley cropping agroforestry system in sensitive regions of Europe}, series = {Environmental Science \& Policy}, volume = {12}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Policy}, number = {8}, issn = {1462-9011}, doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2009.08.008}, pages = {1112 -- 1121}, language = {en} } @misc{NiiAnnangGruenewaldFreeseetal., author = {Nii-Annang, Seth and Gr{\"u}newald, Holger and Freese, Dirk and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F. and Dilly, Oliver}, title = {Microbial activity, organic C accumulation and 13C abundance in soils under alley cropping systems after 9 years of recultivation of quaternary deposits}, series = {Biology and Fertility of Soils}, volume = {45}, journal = {Biology and Fertility of Soils}, number = {5}, issn = {1432-0789}, doi = {10.1007/s00374-009-0360-4}, pages = {531 -- 538}, language = {en} } @misc{MatosFreeseSlazaketal., author = {Matos, Eduardo da Silva and Freese, Dirk and Slazak, Anna and Bachmann, Ute and Veste, Maik and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Organic-carbon and nitrogen stocks and organic-carbon fractions in soils under mixed pine and oak forest stands of different ages in NE Germany}, series = {Journal of plant nutrition and soil science}, volume = {173}, journal = {Journal of plant nutrition and soil science}, number = {5}, issn = {1522-2624}, pages = {654 -- 661}, language = {en} } @misc{SlazakFreeseMatosetal., author = {Slazak, Anna and Freese, Dirk and Matos, Eduardo da Silva and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Soil organic phosphorus fraction in pine-oak forest stands in Northeastern Germany}, series = {Geoderma}, volume = {158}, journal = {Geoderma}, number = {3-4}, issn = {0016-7061}, pages = {156 -- 162}, language = {en} } @misc{MatosFreeseMendoncaetal., author = {Matos, Eduardo da Silva and Freese, Dirk and Mendon{\c{c}}a, Eduardo S. and Slazak, Anna and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Carbon, nitrogen and organic C fractions in topsoil affected by conversion from silviopastoral to different land use systems}, series = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {81}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, number = {3}, issn = {1572-9680}, pages = {203 -- 211}, language = {en} } @misc{MatosMendoncaCardosoetal., author = {Matos, Eduardo da Silva and Mendonca, Eduardo S. and Cardoso, Irene Maria and Lima, Paulo C{\´e}sar de and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Decomposition and nutrient release of leguminous plants in coffee agrofrestry systems}, series = {Revista Brasileira de Ci{\^e}ncia do Solo}, volume = {35}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Ci{\^e}ncia do Solo}, number = {1}, issn = {0100-0683}, pages = {141 -- 149}, language = {en} } @misc{BoehmQuinkensteinFreese, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Yield prediction of young black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) plantations for woody biomass production using allometric relations}, series = {Annals of Forest Research}, volume = {54}, journal = {Annals of Forest Research}, number = {2}, issn = {2065-2445}, pages = {215 -- 227}, language = {en} } @misc{MatosFreeseBoehmetal., author = {Matos, Eduardo da Silva and Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Organic Matter Dynamics in Reclaimed Lignite Mine Soils under Robinia pseudoacacia L. Plantations of Different Ages in Germany}, series = {Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis}, volume = {43}, journal = {Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis}, number = {5}, issn = {1532-2416}, pages = {745 -- 755}, language = {en} } @misc{TsonkovaBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Ecological benefits provided by alley cropping systems for production of woody biomass in the temperate region : a review}, series = {Agroforestry Systems}, volume = {85}, journal = {Agroforestry Systems}, number = {1}, issn = {1572-9680}, pages = {133 -- 152}, language = {en} } @misc{BoehmQuinkensteinFreeseetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Assessing the short rotation woody biomass production on marginal post-mining areas}, series = {Journal of forest science}, volume = {57}, journal = {Journal of forest science}, number = {7}, pages = {303 -- 311}, language = {en} } @misc{FreeseBoehmQuinkenstein, author = {Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar}, title = {The contribution of agroforestry systems to land reclamation}, series = {G{\´o}rnictwo i Geoinzynieria}, volume = {35}, journal = {G{\´o}rnictwo i Geoinzynieria}, number = {3}, issn = {1732-6702}, pages = {63 -- 68}, language = {en} } @misc{VesteHalkeGarbeetal., author = {Veste, Maik and Halke, Christian and Garbe, Daniel and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Einfluss von Stickstoffd{\"u}ngung und Kompost auf Photosynthese und Wachstum der Virginiamalve (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby)}, series = {Journal f{\"u}r Kulturpflanzen}, volume = {68}, journal = {Journal f{\"u}r Kulturpflanzen}, number = {12}, issn = {1867-0911}, doi = {10.1399/JFK.2016.12.13}, pages = {423 -- 428}, abstract = {Als mehrj{\"a}hrige Bioenergiepflanze kann Sida hermaphrodita eine wichtige Rolle f{\"u}r den Anbau auf marginalen Standorten in der nahen Zukunft spielen. In einem kontrollierten Topfexperiment wurde der Einfluss von verschiedenen Kompostgehalten (10, 20, 30, 50\%) und mineralischem Stickstoffd{\"u}nger (100 kg N ha-1) auf Biomasse, Wuchsh{\"o}he und Kohlenstoffallokation w{\"a}hrend der Etablierungsphase untersucht. Weiterhin wurden {\"o}kophysiologische Parameter (Gaswechsel, Chlorophyllfluoreszenz, Chlorophyllgehalte) mit nicht-destruktiven Methoden bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse des Experimentes zeigen, dass sowohl die Stickstoffd{\"u}ngung als auch die Kompostgabe positive Effekte f{\"u}r das Wachstumsverhalten hat. W{\"a}hrend der Etablierungsphase erreichten die ged{\"u}ngten Pflanzen eine mittlere Pflanzenh{\"o}he von bis zu 127 cm (maximale Wuchsh{\"o}he 168 cm). Die Photosynthese wurde nicht durch die unterschiedlichen Behandlungen beeinflusst. Die mittlere CO2-Austauschrate variiert zwischen 5,8 und 9,9 μmol m-2 s-1 und die Elektronentransportrate zwischen 34,5 und 53,9 μmol m-2 s-1. Die Verwendung von Kompost und Stickstoff ist f{\"u}r eine bessere Biomasseproduktion von Sida in marginalen B{\"o}den m{\"o}glich, auch wenn das Wachstum im ersten Jahr limitiert ist und es negative R{\"u}ckwirkungen auf die Bestandesetablierung gibt.}, language = {de} } @misc{FreeseBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Agroforst - fl{\"a}chenschonende Alternative f{\"u}r die Bioenergieproduktion: Feld und Wald auf einem Schlag}, series = {Neue Landwirtschaft}, journal = {Neue Landwirtschaft}, number = {9}, pages = {76 -- 78}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BoehmGruenewaldFreeseetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Gr{\"u}newald, Holger and Freese, Dirk and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Agroforestry systems as an environmental technology for sites susceptible to drought stress}, series = {Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes, International Conference, 6-9 April 2008 in Berlin}, booktitle = {Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes, International Conference, 6-9 April 2008 in Berlin}, pages = {S. 221}, language = {en} } @incollection{MosqueraLosadaFreeseRigueiroRodriguez, author = {Mosquera-Losada, Mar{\´i}a Rosa and Freese, Dirk and Rigueiro-Rodr{\´i}guez, A.}, title = {Carbon Sequestration in European Agroforestry Systems}, series = {Carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems}, booktitle = {Carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-94-007-1629-2}, pages = {43 -- 59}, language = {en} } @misc{VesteBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Veste, Maik and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Biologische Stickstoff-Fixierung der Robinie}, series = {AFZ - der Wald}, journal = {AFZ - der Wald}, number = {2}, pages = {40 -- 42}, abstract = {Als Pionierbaumart besiedelt die Robinie (Robinia pseudoacacia) schnell offene Fl{\"a}chen und gilt im Vergleich zu anderen mitteleurop{\"a}ischen Baumarten als relativ gut angepasst an trockene Standorte mit lockeren B{\"o}den. Sie geh{\"o}rt zu den wenigen Baumarten Mitteleuropas, die zur biologischen Stickstoff-Fixierung (BNF) bef{\"a}higt sind. In dieser Studie soll der j{\"a}hrliche Eintrag von Stickstoff (N) aus der biologischen N-Fixierung der Robinie in Kurzumtriebsplantagen und Agroforstsystemen abgesch{\"a}tzt werden.}, language = {de} } @incollection{QuinkensteinFreeseBoehmetal., author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Tsonkova, Penka and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Agroforestry for Mine-Land Reclamation in Germany: Capitalizing on Carbon Sequestration and Bioenergy Production}, series = {Agroforestry - The Future of Gobal Land Use}, booktitle = {Agroforestry - The Future of Gobal Land Use}, editor = {Nair, P. K. Ramachandran and Garrity, Dennis}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-94-007-4675-6}, pages = {313 -- 339}, language = {en} } @incollection{DillyNiiAnnangSchrautzeretal., author = {Dilly, Oliver and Nii-Annang, Seth and Schrautzer, J. and Schwartze, P. and Breuer, P. and Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria and Gerwin, Werner and Schaaf, Wolfgang and Freese, Dirk and Veste, Maik and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Ecosystem Manipulation and Restoration on the Basis of Long-Term Conceptions}, series = {Long-Term Ecological Research Between Theory and Application}, booktitle = {Long-Term Ecological Research Between Theory and Application}, editor = {M{\"u}ller, Felix and Baessler, Cornelia and Schubert, Hendrik and Klotz, Stefan}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, address = {Dordrecht}, isbn = {978-90-481-8781-2}, pages = {411 -- 428}, language = {en} } @incollection{QuinkensteinTsonkovaFreese, author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Tsonkova, Penka and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Alley Cropping with Short Rotation Coppices in the Temperate Region: A Land-use Strategy for Optimizing Microclimate, Soil Organic Carbon and Ecosystem Service Provision of Agricultural Landscapes}, series = {Agroforestry : anecdotal to modern science}, booktitle = {Agroforestry : anecdotal to modern science}, editor = {Dagar, Jagdish Chander and Tewari, Vindhya Prasad}, publisher = {Springer Nature Singapore}, address = {Singapore}, isbn = {978-981-10-7649-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-10-7650-3_10}, pages = {263 -- 297}, language = {en} } @incollection{BadorreckUckertKeutmannetal., author = {Badorreck, Annika and Uckert, G{\"o}tz and Keutmann, Sarah and Guse, Thomas and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Agroforstsysteme als eine an zunehmende Trockenheit angepasste Form der Landnutzung}, series = {Land- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft im Klimawandel; Auswirkungen, Anpassungsstrategien und Entscheidungshilfen}, booktitle = {Land- und Ern{\"a}hrungswirtschaft im Klimawandel; Auswirkungen, Anpassungsstrategien und Entscheidungshilfen}, editor = {Bloch, Ralf and Bachinger, Johann and Fohrmann, Reinhard and Pfriem, Reinhard}, publisher = {oekom}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {978-3-86581-702-0}, pages = {125 -- 135}, language = {de} } @incollection{BoehmQuinkensteinFreese, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {{\"O}konomische Bewertung des Energieholzanbaus in Kurzumtriebsplantagen und Agroforstsystemen im Rekultivierungsbereich des Braunkohletagebaus Welzow-S{\"u}d}, series = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, booktitle = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, editor = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-937728-12-4}, pages = {77 -- 102}, language = {de} } @incollection{BoehmQuinkensteinFreese, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Ertragsabsch{\"a}tzung von holzartiger Biomasse in Kurzumtriebsplantagen aus Robinie (Robinia Pseudoacacia L.) anhand allometrischer Funktionen}, series = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, booktitle = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, editor = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-937728-12-4}, pages = {61 -- 76}, language = {de} } @incollection{QuinkensteinBoehmFreese, author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Einsatz einer Bodenfr{\"a}se zur Umwandlung einer Robinien-Kurzumtriebsplantage in Ackerland}, series = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, booktitle = {Energieholzproduktion und bodenphysikalische Untersuchungen auf Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen des Niederlausitzer Braunkohlereviers}, editor = {Kr{\"u}mmelbein, Julia and Raab, Thomas and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, publisher = {BTU}, address = {Cottbus}, isbn = {978-3-937728-12-4}, pages = {103 -- 109}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{DillyNiiAnnangBoehmetal., author = {Dilly, Oliver and Nii-Annang, Seth and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Gr{\"u}newald, Holger and Freese, Dirk and Schneider, Bernd Uwe and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Agroforestry as an environmental technology for multiple purposes and for atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen fixation in the sensitive region Lusatia}, series = {Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes, International Conference, 6-9 April 2008 in Berlin}, booktitle = {Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes, International Conference, 6-9 April 2008 in Berlin}, pages = {S. 220}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VesteBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Veste, Maik and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by Robinia pseudoacacia L. in short-rotation plantations on post-mining sites in Lower Lusatia (Brandenburg, NE Germany)}, series = {Book of abstracts, The Future of Biodiversity: Genes, Species, Ecosystems}, booktitle = {Book of abstracts, The Future of Biodiversity: Genes, Species, Ecosystems}, editor = {Wolters, Volkmar and Groh, J. and Peter, F. and Waldhardt, R.}, publisher = {Gf{\"O}}, address = {Berlin}, pages = {S. 313}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FreeseBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Freese, Dirk and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Assessment of ecosystem services provided by agroforestry systems in Europe}, series = {Book of Abstracts, 2nd World Congress of Agroforestry, Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use}, booktitle = {Book of Abstracts, 2nd World Congress of Agroforestry, Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use}, publisher = {World Agroforestry Centre}, address = {Nairobi, Kenya}, isbn = {978-92-9059-255-6}, pages = {20 -- 22}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MantovaniVesteFreese, author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Biomass production and water use of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) for short-rotation plantation}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna}, booktitle = {EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @misc{LebzienVesteFechneretal., author = {Lebzien, Stefan and Veste, Maik and Fechner, H. and Koning, Laurie Anne and Mantovani, Dario and Freese, Dirk}, title = {The Giant Knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis var. Igniscum) as a new plant resource for biomass production for bioenergy}, series = {EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna, Austria}, journal = {EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Kattenburg-Lindau}, pages = {1}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SesermanVesteFreese, author = {Seserman, Diana-Maria and Veste, Maik and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Optimisation of biomass productivity of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on marginal lands - a case study in Lower Lusatia, NE Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The profitability of reclaiming post-mining areas depends on the tree biomass productivity and the restoration of ecosystem functions, such as improving soil and water quality. Agroforestry systems, regarded as combined land-use systems of trees and crops, have the ability to facilitate soil development while reducing wind speed, soil erosion and evaporation. Achieving the maximum biomass productivity of the tree stands depends on the corresponding soil conditions and water availability, but is also influenced by stand structure and the competition between individual trees. For this purpose, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) trees were planted in a Nelder design in 2010, on a reclaimed post-mining site of the open-cast lignite mining in Welzow S{\"u}d (Brandenburg, Germany). Black locust is regarded as a drought-adapted tree species and commonly used for the reclamation of former lignite mining sites in Lower Lusatia, Germany. The Nelder design encompasses angles of arc of equal measure and with the same origin traversed by successive circumferences set at a predefined radial distance. Accordingly, a total of 1071 trees were planted in Welzow S{\"u}d at the intersection between 63 spokes and 17 circumferences and at densities ranging from 0.4 to 8.0 m2, with the aim of examining the influence of stand density on the tree growth in a timeframe of six years. In order to evaluate the biomass production of the trees and to determine an optimal planting density on a marginal land, various scenarios were assessed with the help of the Yield-SAFE model, a parameter-sparse process-based agroforestry model. The study revealed the consequences of choosing different tree densities on the tree biomass productivity and water use of trees in relation to the competition for light and water.}, language = {en} } @misc{BoehmQuinkensteinFreese, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Vergleichende Betrachtung des Agrarholz- und Energiemaisanbaus aus Sicht des Bodenschutzes}, series = {Bodenschutz}, volume = {17}, journal = {Bodenschutz}, number = {2}, issn = {1432-170X}, pages = {36 -- 43}, language = {de} } @misc{KraftGoldschmidtFreese, author = {Kraft, Udo and Goldschmidt, Ralf and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Eintrag von Kupfer und Zink in die Umwelt, M{\"o}glichkeit zur naturnahen Versickerung von Niederschlagswasser}, series = {wlb Wasser, Luft und Boden}, volume = {51}, journal = {wlb Wasser, Luft und Boden}, number = {9}, issn = {0938-8303}, pages = {40 -- 42}, language = {de} } @misc{BoehmBeeskHoschkeetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Beesk, M. and Hoschke, A. and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Geringere N{\"a}hrstoffausnutzung - BTU Cottbus vergleicht Silphie und Mais}, series = {Energie aus Pflanzen}, journal = {Energie aus Pflanzen}, number = {6}, issn = {2194-6744}, pages = {S. 31}, language = {de} } @misc{BoehmQuinkensteinFreeseetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Kurzumtriebsplantage auf Niederlausitzer Rekultivierungsfl{\"a}chen: Wachstumsverlauf von vierj{\"a}hrigen Robinien}, series = {AFZ-Der Wald}, journal = {AFZ-Der Wald}, number = {10}, pages = {532 -- 533}, language = {de} } @misc{QuinkensteinBoehmFreese, author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Zur{\"u}ck auf Los! (R{\"u}ckumwandlung einer Robinien-Kurzumtriebsplantage)}, series = {DLZ Agrarmagazin}, journal = {DLZ Agrarmagazin}, number = {7}, pages = {50 -- 51}, language = {de} } @misc{BoehmQuinkensteinFreese, author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Chancen und Risiken der Agraholzproduktion f{\"u}r den Gew{\"a}sserschutz}, series = {Korrespondenz Wasserwirtschaft}, journal = {Korrespondenz Wasserwirtschaft}, number = {4}, pages = {667 -- 673}, language = {de} } @misc{GerwinRepmannGalatsidasetal., author = {Gerwin, Werner and Repmann, Frank and Galatsidas, Spyridon and Vlachaki, Despoina and Gounaris, Nikos and Baumgarten, Wibke and Volkmann, Christiane and Keramitzis, Dimitrios and Kiourtsis, Fotios and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Assessment and quantification of marginal lands for biomass production in Europe using soil quality indicators}, series = {Soil : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, journal = {Soil : an interactive open access journal of the European Geosciences Union}, issn = {2199-398X}, doi = {10.5194/soil-2018-14}, pages = {44}, abstract = {The cultivation of bioenergy plants at fertile, arable lands increasingly results in new land use conflicts with food production and cannot be considered as sustainable, therefore. Marginal lands have been frequently considered as potential alternative for producing bioenergy from biomass. However, clear definitions and assessment methods for selecting marginal lands and for calculating potentials are still widely missing. The project "SEEMLA" aims at triggering the exploitation of currently underused marginal lands for biomass production for energy purposes. Study sites have been selected in different European countries: Germany, Greece and Ukraine. The selected sites represent a wide variety of different types of marginal lands. Based on a soil assessment set given by the Muencheberg Soil Quality Rating (SQR) system potentially "marginal" sites have been investigated. The SQR system allows for clearly distinguishing between soils of higher and lower quality. Soils with SQR scores below 40 are regarded as "marginal". They can be classified into different groups with regard to the importance of soil hazard indicators as valuated by the SQR approach. The calculated SQR scores correlate significantly with biomass yields of bioenergy plants. Further, the SQR method was adapted for use in a GIS study on marginal land potentials in Europe. 46 \% of the investigated European area could be classified as "marginal" with SQR scores below 40. From that area 22.6 \% can be considered as potentially suitable for producing renewable resources after eliminating protected sites or other places not suitable for any kind of land use. Taking the ecological demands of selected bioenergy plants into account it is possible to give first preliminary recommendations for regional crop cultivation. It can be concluded, that Europe offers a large potential for renewable resources from marginal sites. However, the implementation into practice is often impeded by missing or varying policies and regulation. A proper implementation needs clear regulations and also incentives for farmers at European level.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaFreeseQuinkensteinetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Freese, Dirk and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian}, title = {Assessment of ecosystem services provided by alley cropping systems for biomass production in Germany}, series = {1st European Agroforestry Conference 9-10 October 2012, Brussels, Book of Abstratcs}, booktitle = {1st European Agroforestry Conference 9-10 October 2012, Brussels, Book of Abstratcs}, editor = {Mosquera-Losada, Mar{\´i}a Rosa and Pantera, Anastasia and Rosati, A. and Amaral, J. and Smith, J. and Rigueiro-Rodriguez, A. and Watt{\´e}, J. and Dupraz, Christian}, isbn = {978-84-96351-79-0}, pages = {60}, abstract = {Alley cropping systems which integrate strips of short rotation coppices into conventional agricultural sites (ACS) have recently gained increasing interest in Germany. These ACS can be used for the simultaneous production of crops and woody biomass which enables farmers to diversify the provision of market goods. Integrating trees into the agricultural landscape can create additional benefits for the farmer and society also known as ecosystem services (ES). The scientific literature suggests that ACS are able to provide additional benefits as compared to conventional agriculture. Among the important ES provided by ACS are carbon sequestration, soil fertility, water quality, groundwater recharge, and biodiversity. However, assessment methods are required which are easy to use and provide reliable information regarding change in ES with change of the land use practice. In this context, our aim was to develop a methodology to assess selected ES provided by ACS in Germany. For this purpose an indicator set was selected from the literature and linked with the relevant ES previously identified. Furthermore, a model was developed to facilitate the calculation of the indicators. The results showed that ACS established at agricultural sites have higher capacity to provide ES as compared to single-crop agriculture. The capacity of ACS with 50\% trees is higher than the capacity of ACS with 30\% trees which suggests that the capacity of the system to provide ES increases with increased proportion of trees. The methodology seems to be a promising tool to facilitate the assessment of ES provided by the land management practices considered. In the long term this measurement approach can be broadened to include monetary evaluation of ES. This will enable rewarding farmers for providing environmental benefits therefore, accurately compensating them for the outputs supplied.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaQuinkensteinBoehmetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Selection of indicators to assess ecosystem services provided by alley cropping system}, series = {Book of abstracts of the 4th ESP Conference 2011 - Ecosystem Services: integrating Science and Practice; Workshop 1: Quantifying, mapping, and modeling of ecosystem services, held 4-7 October in Wageningen, Netherlands}, booktitle = {Book of abstracts of the 4th ESP Conference 2011 - Ecosystem Services: integrating Science and Practice; Workshop 1: Quantifying, mapping, and modeling of ecosystem services, held 4-7 October in Wageningen, Netherlands}, editor = {Burkhard, B. and Crossmann, N. and Nedkov, S.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DimitrovaRepmannFreese, author = {Dimitrova, Tsvetelina and Repmann, Frank and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Potential of selected agricultural crops to take up iron cyanides from contaminated soils}, series = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Agroforestry - Ecological Benefits of Agroforestry, 15-17 June 2011, Cottbus, Germany}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Workshop on Agroforestry - Ecological Benefits of Agroforestry, 15-17 June 2011, Cottbus, Germany}, editor = {Freese, Dirk and Pittruff, N. and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian}, pages = {S. 26}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TsonkovaBoehmQuinkensteinetal., author = {Tsonkova, Penka and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Quinkenstein, Ansgar and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Assessment of carbon sequestration provided by alley cropping systems for biomas production in Germany}, series = {Tagungsband zur 12. Forstwissenschaftlichen Tagung an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen vom 19. bis 22. September 2012 Ausger}, booktitle = {Tagungsband zur 12. Forstwissenschaftlichen Tagung an der Technischen Universit{\"a}t M{\"u}nchen vom 19. bis 22. September 2012 Ausger}, editor = {Moog, Martin}, publisher = {Sauerl{\"a}nder}, address = {Bad Orb}, isbn = {978-3-7939-0910-1}, pages = {268}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SesermanPohleFreeseetal., author = {Seserman, Diana-Maria and Pohle, Ina and Freese, Dirk and Veste, Maik}, title = {Climate Change Impacts on the Growth of Hybrid Poplar Trees in an Agroforestry System in Brandenburg, NE Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Climate change is expected in Brandenburg, eastern Germany, in terms of increasing annual temperature and changes in climate variability, as well as the number of extreme weather events. Since agroforestry systems have a planning horizon of several decades, long-term yield assessments are required in order to evaluate the economic profitability and environmental sustainability of such systems. Accordingly, our aim was to simulate the tree growth of poplar trees (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) in an agroforestry system in Brandenburg for the next forty years. For this purpose, we used the process-oriented Yield-SAFE model, a parameter-sparse, biophysical model developed for the simulation of plant growth in agroforestry systems. For the investigated period from 2011 to 2014, the validation simulations showed clear correlations with the observed values for woody tree biomass. For the unfolding period from 2015 to 2055, a variety of possible climate changes (including higher evaporation requirements and reduced water availability) and their uncertainties were incorporated into our assessment. The tree yield sensitivity to future climatic conditions was evaluated using 100 realizations of a scenario of the statistical regional climate model Statistical Analogue Resampling Scheme (STAR), which assumes an increase in annual temperature of 2K, as well as decreasing annual precipitation by 30-40 mm. The Yield-SAFE model responded sensitively to changes in the meteorological input data, showing that (1) shifts in temperature and/or precipitation would have a directly proportional influence on tree growth and (2) the impact of potential climate changes on tree growth must be assessed in terms of the complex interaction of various influencing factors. This was evidenced, for example, by the fact that higher average annual temperatures could either increase the tree growth due to a prolonged vegetation period or, on the contrary, decrease the tree growth due to higher potential evapotranspiration. The model results are important for the sustainable planning and management of agroforestry systems, upcoming risk assessments, and example analysis of adaptation scenarios in the near and distant future.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MantovaniVesteBoehmetal., author = {Mantovani, Dario and Veste, Maik and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) in agroforestry systems: spatial and temporal variation of the plant water status and growth}, series = {2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany}, booktitle = {2nd European Agroforestry Conference: Integrating Science and Policy to Promote Agroforestry in Practice, June 2014, Cottbus, Germany}, editor = {Palma, Joao H. N.}, isbn = {978-972-97874-4-7}, pages = {263 -- 264}, abstract = {Short-rotation forestry and agroforestry systems have the potential to become an ecologically valuable and economically profitable land use alternative on marginal lands. Therefore, our project focuses on determining the water demand for biomass production of black locust in the Lusatia region (Eastern Germany). The area is characterized by relative low annual rainfall (560-600 mm/yr) and drought periods during spring and summer. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is planted in short rotation plantations as well as in agroforestry systems at reclaimed post-mining sites of the opencast mining area "Welzow S{\"u}d" and on a conventionally managed field near the town Forst (both study sites are located about 120 km to the south of Berlin). Due to mining activities the ground water table in "Welzow-S{\"u}d" is below 100 m, while on the field site in Forst the ground water table is about 2 m below the soil surface. Because of the water accessibility directly affecting the yield, it is crucial to identify the spatial variation of the soil water availability and its influence on black locust growth. The main question of this study is how the drought periods affect black locust's growth and recovery and about the drought mitigation effect obtainable by an accessible water table. The growth rate is being estimated monthly by measuring the maximum height and the trunk diameter at 10 and 130 cm. Furthermore, several trees are equipped with dendrometers to record their diameter increment in daily intervals. The pre-dawn water potential for selected trees is evaluated periodically to quantify plant water stress and relate it to the growth pattern. Water availability and microclimatic condition are monitored continuously. At the end of the vegetation period, information gathered from the field will be used to develop a growth model to link the soil water availability and plant water status with the growth rate of the trees.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{QuinkensteinBoehmFreeseetal., author = {Quinkenstein, Ansgar and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Short rotation coppice in post-mining landscapes - a promising land use system for biomass production in marginal regions}, series = {Agroforestry: A Profitable Land Use, Proceedings, 12th North American Agroforestry Conference, Athens, GA, June 4-9, 2011}, booktitle = {Agroforestry: A Profitable Land Use, Proceedings, 12th North American Agroforestry Conference, Athens, GA, June 4-9, 2011}, editor = {Ashton, Sarah F. and Workman, Sarah and Hubbard, William G. and Moorhead, David}, pages = {S. 68}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BoehmFreeseSchmidtetal., author = {B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk and Schmidt, C. and H{\"u}ttl, Reinhard F.}, title = {Alley cropping - an option to combine crop and woody biomass production at degraded post-mining sites in Germany}, series = {Book of Abstracts, 2nd World Congress of Agroforestry, Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use}, booktitle = {Book of Abstracts, 2nd World Congress of Agroforestry, Agroforestry - The Future of Global Land Use}, publisher = {World Agroforestry Centre}, address = {Nairobi, Kenya}, isbn = {978-92-9059-255-6}, pages = {S. 253}, language = {en} } @misc{AhmedGypserLeinweberetal., author = {Ahmed, Ashour A. and Gypser, Stella and Leinweber, Peter and Freese, Dirk and K{\"u}hn, Oliver}, title = {New insights into IR spectroscopic characterization of phosphate binding at the goethite-water interface}, series = {IPW9, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 8-12 July, 2019 - Abstracts}, journal = {IPW9, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 8-12 July, 2019 - Abstracts}, address = {Z{\"u}rich}, pages = {108}, abstract = {Facing the projected peak phosphorus (P) scenario, substantial research activities have been triggered to improve our knowledge towards a more efficient and sustainable use of P resources. One major factor playing a role in the P immobilization and thus its availability for plants is the strong interaction between phosphates and soil mineral surfaces, such as Fe- and Al-(oxyhydr)oxides. The reactions of phosphates with Fe-hydroxides and especially goethite have been studied extensively. But a molecular-level picture of the phosphate binding mechanism at the goethite-water interface is still lacking. Therefore, in the current contribution we have explored the molecular binding mechanism for the adsorbed phosphate at the goethite-water interface by performing sorption kinetics experiments for orthophosphate and characterizing the adsorbed species by FT-IR spectroscopy. In parallel, periodic quantum mechanical calculations, at the density functional theory (DFT) level, have been performed to explore the interaction mechanism as well as to calculate the IR spectra for monodentate (M) and bidentate (B) orthophosphate complexes with goethite at two different goethite surface planes (010 and 100) in the presence of water. In general, our interaction energy results give evidence that the mono-protonated B phosphate complex is more favored to be formed at the goethite-water interface although the M motif could exist as a minor fraction. Moreover, it was found that water plays an important role in controlling the phosphate adsorption process at the goethite surfaces. The interfacial water molecules form H-bonds (HBs) with the phosphate as well as with the goethite surface atoms. Further, some water molecules form covalent bonds with goethite Fe atoms while others dissociate at the surface to protons and hydroxyl groups. The present theoretical assignment of IR spectra introduces a benchmark for characterizing experimental IR data for the adsorbed KH2PO4 species at the goethite-water interface. In particular, IR spectra of the mono-protonated (2O+1Fe) B complex at the 010 goethite surface plane and the M complex at the 100 goethite surface plane were found to be consistent with the experimental data. In order to explore the role of different abundancies of surface planes and binding motifs, IR spectra obtained from weighted averages have been analyzed. Results confirmed the above conclusions drawn from interaction energy calculations. Moreover, the soil solution pH effect on the phosphate binding mechanism to goethite surface has been explored as well.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DimitrovaRepmannFreese, author = {Dimitrova, Tsvetelina and Repmann, Frank and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Remediation of cyanide-contaminated industrial sites through woody biomass production}, series = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017 Vienna, Austria, 23-28 April 2017}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Due to the unfavourable chemical and physical soil quality parameters and the potential presence of contaminants, former industrial sites can hardly be utilized as arable land and can thus be classified as marginal areas. Still, as far as possible, they can effectively be used for the production of alternative energy, including the cultivation of fast growing trees. Apart from being a source of bioenergy, trees might facilitate the stabilization, remedation, contaminant extraction and degradation and, not on the last place, to enhance soil quality improvement on former industrial areas. This process is known as phytoremediation and has successfully been applied on industrial sites of various organic and inorganic contamination. The former manufactured gas plant site (� 2500 m2) "ehemalige Leuchtgasanstalt" Cottbus, contaminated, among others, with iron cyanides undergoes phytoremediation with simultaneous biomass production since 2011. The project "Biomass-Remediation" is fully financed by the German Railways JSC. A dense (23700 stems/ha), mixed cover of willow (Salix caprea), poplar (Populus maximowicii Henry x Populus trichocarpa Torr. et Gray (Hybrid 275)) and black locust (Robinia pseudoaccacia) trees has been planted on the site. Throughout the five years of remediation, a successful long-term stabilization of the site has been achieved as a result of the nearly outright established tree stock and the dense planting. Annual monitoring of the cyanide levels in the leaf tissue of the trees on the site and results from greenhouse experiments indicate the ability of all tree species to extract and transport the cyanide from the soil. Additonally, the greenhouse experiments suggest that the willows might be able, although not to a full extent, to detoxify the contaminant by splitting the CN moiety. The contaminated biomass material might easily be dealt with through regular harvests and subsequent incineration. Phytoremediation with simultaneous biomass production for bioenergy offers an environmenatlly-friendly and a cost-effective solution of the problem with contaminated former industrial areas in the context of marginal land use options.}, language = {en} } @misc{MajauraBoehmFreese, author = {Majaura, Marie and B{\"o}hm, Christian and Freese, Dirk}, title = {Effects of agroforestry systems on microclimate and water availability as determinants for sustainable soil productivity}, series = {4th World Congress on Agroforestry : 20-22 May 2019, Le Corum, Montpellier, France, Book of Abstracts}, journal = {4th World Congress on Agroforestry : 20-22 May 2019, Le Corum, Montpellier, France, Book of Abstracts}, pages = {669}, abstract = {Recent studies have shown that hedgerows in short rotation alley cropping systems (SRACS) can improve the microclimate in adjacent crop alleys through, e.g., a reduction of daytime temperature, wind speed and evaporation (Kanzler et al. 2018). Improved microclimatic conditions may positively affect crop yields by increasing the availability of water for the crop. However, studies that examine the interdependencies between microclimate changes caused by hedgerows in SRACS, water availability and crop yields are rare. In a poplar SRACS, we investigate with high spatial and temporal resolution if changes in microclimate affect water availability for two crops and crop yields. For this purpose, we use stationary weather stations installed in a transect and mobile sensors in four strips running parallel to the stationary transect at different distances from tree strips (Fig. 1) and in a monoculture. At all measuring points air temperature, air humidity and Pich{\´e} evaporation will be continuously determined. In addition, wind speed, global radiation and precipitation will be measured at the stationary weather stations. Furthermore, transpiration of crops will be determined at different times close to all microclimate points. Subsequent crop yield sampling will then enable us to determine the degree to which tree strips in ACS influence microclimate and water availability for crops at different distances from tree strips and how these relate to small-scale changes in crop yield.}, language = {en} }