@misc{BonhageHirschRaabetal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Ouimet, William}, title = {Characteristics of small anthropogenic landforms resulting from historical charcoal production in western Connecticut, USA}, series = {Catena}, volume = {195}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2020.104896}, pages = {14}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneiderBonhageetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Drohan, Patrick J. and Raab, Thomas}, title = {An initiative for a morphologic-genetic catalog of relict charcoal hearths from Central Europe}, series = {Geoarchaeology}, volume = {35}, journal = {Geoarchaeology}, number = {6}, issn = {1520-6548}, doi = {10.1002/gea.21799}, pages = {974 -- 983}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderHirschBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {The soil moisture regime of charcoal-enriched land use legacy sites}, series = {Geoderma}, volume = {366}, journal = {Geoderma}, issn = {0016-7061}, doi = {10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114241}, pages = {15}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderBonhageHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Hot spots and hot zones of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal production}, series = {Forest Ecology and Management}, volume = {504}, journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}, issn = {1872-7042}, doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119846}, abstract = {Human land use often leads to distinct modifications of soils within small, clearly delimited areas. Legacy effects of past land use are also abundant in recent forest areas, but are hardly considered in ecosystem assessment and soil mapping. The soils on relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are a widespread example for such land use legacy soils in forests. Soils on RCHs differ clearly from surrounding forest soils in their stratigraphy and properties, and are most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer with high contents of charcoal and thus soil organic matter (SOM). Although RCH soils can clearly contribute to the SOM stocks of forest soils, their relevance on the landscape scale has hardly been quantified. In this paper we analyze and discuss the distribution and effects of RCH soils across scales for forests in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, with a focus on SOM stocks. Our analysis is based on a large-scale mapping of RCHs from digital elevation models (DEMs), combined with a linear regression model of SOM stocks in RCH soils. The spatial distribution of RCH soils in the study region has a scale dependent heterogeneity. The large-scale variation in site densities is related to the concentration of charcoal production to specific forest areas while the small-scale variation is related to the irregular distribution of single RCHs within the charcoal production fields. Up to 1.5 \% of the surface are covered by RCH soils in the forest areas within the study region. The results also show that RCHs can significantly contribute to the SOM stocks of forests, even where they cover only a small fraction of the soil surface, with up to 18 \% additional SOM for forest areas. Because of the heterogeneous distribution of RCHs, the SOM stock additions depend on the scale of observation. Our results suggest that RCH SOM additions can be overestimated when sites in small areas (< 1 km²) are analyzed; and that characteristic spatial concentration patterns of RCHs are even observable when values are aggregated to large areas (25 km² and more). Aggregating effects to irregularly-sized forest administrative units resulted in maps that well represent the spatial distribution of RCH soils and SOM. The study highlights that considering land use legacy effects can be relevant for the results of soil mapping and inventories; and that prospecting and mapping land use legacies from DEMs can contribute to improving such approaches.}, language = {en} } @misc{BonhageRaabSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Fischer, Thomas and Ramezany, Shaghayegh and Ouimet, William and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Vertical SOC distribution and aromatic carbon in centuries old charcoal-rich Technosols}, series = {European Journal of Soil Science}, volume = {73}, journal = {European Journal of Soil Science}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1111/ejss.13293}, pages = {1 -- 16}, abstract = {Charcoal-rich Technosols on century-old relict charcoal hearths (RCHs) are the subject of ongoing research regarding potential legacy effects that result from historic charcoal production and subsequent charcoal amendments on forest soil properties and forest ecosystems today. RCHs consist mostly of Auh horizons that are substantially enriched in soil organic carbon (SOC), of which the largest part seems to be of pyrogenic origin (PyC). However, the reported range of SOC and PyC contents in RCH soil also suggests that they are enriched in nonpyrogenic SOC. RCH soils are discussed as potential benchmarks for the long-term influence of biochar amendment and the post-wildfire influences on soil properties. In this study, we utilised a large soil sample dataset (n = 1245) from 52 RCH sites in north-western Connecticut, USA, to quantify SOC contents by total element analysis. The contents of condensed highly aromatic carbon as a proxy for black carbon (BC) were predicted by using a modified benzene polycarboxylated acid (BPCA) marker method in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy-based partial least square regression (r2 = 0.89). A high vertical spatial sampling resolution allowed the identification of soil organic matter (SOM) enrichment and translocation processes. The results show an average 75\% and 1862\% increase in TOC and BPCA-derived carbon, respectively, for technogenic Auh horizons compared to reference soils. In addition to an increase in aromatic properties, increased carboxylic properties of the RCH SOC suggest self-humification effects of degrading charcoal and thereby the continuing formation of leachable aromatic carbon compounds, which could have effects on pedogenic processes in buried soils. Indeed, we show BPCA-derived carbon concentrations in intermediate technogenic Cu horizons and buried top/subsoils that suggest vertical translocation of highly aromatic carbon originating in RCH Auh horizons. Topmost Auh horizons showed a gradual decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) contents with increasing depth, suggesting accumulation of recent, non-pyrogenic SOM. Lower aliphatic absorptions in RCH soil spectra suggest different SOM turnover dynamics compared to reference soils. Furthermore, studied RCH soils featured additional TOC enrichment, which cannot be fully explained now.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Legacies of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {Conference booklet, 5th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, 17th-20th September 2018 Newcastle and Durham, UK}, booktitle = {Conference booklet, 5th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, 17th-20th September 2018 Newcastle and Durham, UK}, pages = {S. 214}, language = {en} } @misc{HirschSchneiderNicolayetal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Nicolay, Alexander and Blaszkiewicz, Miroslaw and Kordowski, Jarosław and Noryskiewicz, Agnieszka M. and Tyszkowski, Sebastian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Late Quaternary landscape development at the margin of the Pomeranian phase (MIS 2) near Lake Wygonin (Northern Poland)}, series = {Catena}, volume = {124}, journal = {Catena}, issn = {0341-8162}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2014.08.018}, pages = {28 -- 44}, abstract = {In Central Europe, Late Quaternary landscapes experienced multiple phases of geomorphologic activity. In this study,we used a combined geomorphological, pedological, sedimentological and palynological approach to characterize landscape development after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) near Lake Wygonin in Northern Poland. The pedostratigraphical findings from soil pits and drillings were extrapolated using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electric resistivity tomography (ERT). During the Pomeranian phase, glacial and fluvioglacial processes dominated the landscape near Lake Wygonin. At the end of the glacial period, periglacial processes became relevant and caused the formation of ventifacts and coversands containing coated sand grains. At approximately 15,290-14,800 cal yr BP, a small pond formed in a kettle hole (profile BWI2). The lacustrine sediments lack eolian sand components and therefore indicate the decline of eolian processes during that time. The increase of Juniperus and rock-rose (Helianthemum) in the pollen diagram is a prominent marker of the Younger Dryas. At the end of the Younger Dryas, a partial reshaping of the landscape is indicated by abundant charcoal fragments in disturbed lake sediments. No geomorphologic activity since the beginning of the Holocene is documented in the terrestrial and wetland archives. The anthropogenic impact is reflected in the pollen diagram by the occurrence of rye pollen grains (Secale cereale) and translocated soil sediments dated to 1560-1410 cal yr BP, proving agricultural use of the immediate vicinity. With the onset of land use, gully incision and the accumulation of colluvial fans reshaped the landscape locally. Since 540-460 cal yr BP, further gully incision in the steep forest tracks has been associated with the intensification of forestry. Outside of the gully catchments, the weakly podzolized Rubic Brunic Arenosols show no features of Holocene soil erosion.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Relikte der historischen K{\"o}hlerei in Brandenburg}, series = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, editor = {Berg, Stefanie and Eckmeier, Eileen and Linzen, Sven and Werther, Lukas and Zielhofer, Christoph}, publisher = {Friedrich-Schiller-Universit{\"a}t Jena [u.a.]}, address = {Jena [u.a.]}, doi = {10.22032/dbt.34521}, pages = {S. 28}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Multiproxy analysis of a relict charcoal hearth field in Brandenburg (Germany)}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderRaabBonhageetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Legacies of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BonhageHirschSchneideretal., author = {Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Multiproxy analysis of a relict charcoal hearth field in Brandenburg (Germany)}, series = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, booktitle = {Jahrestagung des Arbeitskreises Geoarch{\"a}ologie, M{\"u}nchen, 2018}, editor = {Berg, Stefanie and Eckmeier, Eileen and Linzen, Sven and Werther, Lukas and Zielhofer, Christoph}, publisher = {Friedrich-Schiller-Universit{\"a}t Jena [u.a.]}, address = {Jena [u.a.]}, doi = {10.22032/dbt.34521}, pages = {S. 27}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderBonhageHirschetal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Spatial and temporal variability of soil physical properties on legacies of historic charcoal production}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {The spatial variability of soil physical properties on the landscape scale is often increased by anthropogenic land occupation, not only by current land use but also through the legacies of past land use systems. The remains of historic charcoal hearts are an example for such a disturbance of the soil landscape by former forestry. Such relict charcoal hearths (RCH) exhibit a clearly altered soil stratigraphy, most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer on the soil surface, and their soil physical properties can considerably differ from those of surrounding forest soils. The aim of our study is to characterize the soil water and temperature regime on RHC in a pre-industrial charcoal production area in Brandenburg, Germany, as compared with the surrounding sandy forest soils. Soil properties were analyzed in profiles on and around hearth sites and are monitored in a sensor transect equipped with soil moisture sensors and pF-meters. Results of soil sample analyses show differences in density and porosity between the RCH soils and surrounding forest soils, not only in the technogenic layer but also in the buried soil layers on hearth sites. The soil water characteristic curves determined in the laboratory indicate a modified pore size distribution and lower plant available water contents in the RCH soils. Preliminary results of the ongoing soil water monitoring, however, show increased soil wetness in the RCH soils, along with lower soil moisture tensions. Furthermore, the measurements show higher variations of soil temperature in RCH soils. The results affirm that the legacies of historic charcoal production can increase the spatial variability of soil physical properties and therefore also of ecological site conditions in forest areas. The results of soil moisture monitoring suggest that a determination of soil physical parameters in the laboratory is not sufficient to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of the soil water regime.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschBonhageBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Gypser, Stella}, title = {Occurrence, soil parameters and genesis of Rhodic Arenosols ('Fuchserden') in northeastern Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HirschSchneiderBauriegeletal., author = {Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bauriegel, Albrecht and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Formation, classification and properties of soils at two relict charcoal hearth sites in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2018, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, language = {en} } @book{RaabRaabBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas and Bonhage, Alexander and Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Aghte, Markus and Pommerenke, Alf}, title = {Historische K{\"o}hlerei in S{\"u}dbrandenburg - Begleitband zum K{\"o}hlerpfad Waldschule Kleinsee}, editor = {Raab, Thomas}, publisher = {Brandenburgische Technische Universit{\"a}t Cottbus - Senftenberg, Fachgebiet Geopedologie und Landschaftsentwicklung}, address = {Cottbus}, issn = {2196-4122}, doi = {10.26127/BTUOpen-5488}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus4-54883}, pages = {68}, language = {de} } @misc{RaabHirschRaabetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian and Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and B{\"o}nisch, Eberhard}, title = {B{\"o}den historischer Landnutzung in der Niederlausitz - W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker und Kohlemeiler}, series = {Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge}, volume = {26}, journal = {Brandenburgische Geowissenschaftliche Beitr{\"a}ge}, number = {1/2}, issn = {0947-1995}, pages = {5 -- 14}, abstract = {In der Niederlausitz finden sich - meist unter Kiefern- und Eichenforsten versteckt - zahlreiche Relikte der historischen Landnutzung, die bisher kaum bekannt sind. Zu den auff{\"a}lligsten Formen z{\"a}hlen W{\"o}lb{\"a}cker und Pl{\"a}tze ehemaliger Kohlemeiler. In einigen Regionen der Niederlausitz ist die Verbreitung der Landnutzungsrelikte so groß bzw. ihre Dichte so hoch, dass sie pr{\"a}gend f{\"u}r die Bodenlandschaft werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt an repr{\"a}sentativen Beispielen die charakteristischen Merkmale und Eigenschaften der B{\"o}den auf W{\"o}lb{\"a}ckern und Relikten von Holzkohlenmeilern (HKM).}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{RaabSchneiderRaabetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Schneider, Anna and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {The geomorphic legacy of historic charcoal production in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {4th Central European Geomorphology Conference, Bayreuth, October 9th-13th 2017}, booktitle = {4th Central European Geomorphology Conference, Bayreuth, October 9th-13th 2017}, editor = {Holzheu, Stefan and Thies, Birgit}, address = {Bayreuth}, pages = {117 -- 118}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabRaabHirschetal., author = {Raab, Thomas and Raab, Alexandra and Hirsch, Florian and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander}, title = {Late Quaternary landscape development and legacies of human-induced land use changes in Lower Lusatia, South Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, booktitle = {ICLEA Final Symposium 2017, Human Impact and Landscape Evolution in the Southern Baltic Lowlands, Abstract Volume \& Excursion Guide}, editor = {Schwab, Markus and Błaszkiewicz, Mirek and Raab, Thomas and Wilmking, Martin and Brauer, Achim}, publisher = {GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences}, address = {Potsdam}, doi = {10.2312/GFZ.b103-17037}, pages = {182 -- 198}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchneiderHirschWechleretal., author = {Schneider, Anna and Hirsch, Florian and Wechler, Klaus-Peter and Raab, Alexandra and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Mapping a paleosurface and archaeological site location in an inland dune area in Brandenburg, Germany}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {Mapping and visualizing the position of archaeological remains in the surface relief provides important basic information for archaeological survey design and interpretation. Geomorphological processes in (pre)history can have resulted in a modification of the local relief around archaeological sites, especially in areas that are prone to sediment erosion and relocation, so that models of past surfaces are necessary for a correct interpretation of archaeological survey results. In this study, we combined terrestrial survey and remote sensing methods to reconstruct the palaeorelief around two archaeological excavation sites in an inland dune area in southern Brandenburg, Germany. Remains from two Mesolithic hunter-gatherer camps were documented in archaeological excavations and found to be associated with a buried soil horizon. To gather information on the relief of the buried soil surface, we used a combination of sedimentological and pedological profile description of archaeological survey trenches and geophysical prospection with Ground-Penetrating Radar; supplemented by microdrone photography and photogrammetry, GPS surveys and analysis of LIDAR-based elevation models. A digital elevation model of the buried surface was created by combining point data from these sources. The buried surface morphology and the position of the archeological remains within the reconstructed landscape were analyzed in GIS. The comparison of the generated paleosurface model with the recent surface elevation model shows that sand remobilization resulted in a considerable reshaping of the relief. Analysis of the buried surface model further shows that the relief position of the two archaeological sites in the study area was considerably more prominent in relation to the corresponding buried soil surface than in relation to the recent surface morphology. Results affirm the importance of considering Holocene relief modifications in archaeological surveys.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RaabSchneiderBonhageetal., author = {Raab, Alexandra and Schneider, Anna and Bonhage, Alexander and Raab, Thomas and Hirsch, Florian}, title = {Extensive historical charcoal production in Brandenburg (Germany) - identification of potential areas by GIS analysis}, series = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, booktitle = {European Geosciences Union, General Assembly 2017, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {European Geophysical Society}, address = {Katlenburg-Lindau}, abstract = {We used a GIS analysis of environmental and historical data to identify potential areas of extensive charcoal production in Brandenburg. The analysis was based on three assumptions (i to iii). Large charcoal kiln fields can be found in areas that i) are close to historical industrial sites, ii) are close to bog iron ore deposits, and iii) have been continuously covered by forest during the last centuries. Information on theses parameters was gathered in an archive and literature study and from historical and recent maps. Areas with a high probability of kiln site occurrence were then determined using a simple binary additive model. In the last step, shaded-relief maps (SRMs) were visually checked for clearly visible kiln sites and soil properties were analysed in the determined areas. In total, eight areas with a high probability of kiln site occurrence are identified for the state of Brandenburg. By visual interpretation of SRMs, high kiln site densities in these areas are confirmed. The analysis of soil maps shows that kiln fields are predominantly located on sandy soils with a low yield potential. Although further parameters and study areas need to be considered in the model in order to explain the spatial distribution patterns of charcoal production, the results indicate correlations between the location of bog iron ore deposits, historic ironworks and charcoal kiln fields.}, language = {en} }