@inproceedings{SchneiderKohlbecherBartletal., author = {Schneider, Erich and Kohlbecher, Stefan and Bartl, Klaus and Wallhoff, Frank and Brandt, Thomas}, title = {Experimental platform for wizard-of-oz evaluations of biomimetic active vision in robots}, series = {IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2009, 19 - 23 Dec. 2009, Guilin, China}, booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2009, 19 - 23 Dec. 2009, Guilin, China}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-4244-4774-9}, pages = {1484 -- 1489}, language = {en} } @misc{SchneiderGlasauerBrandtetal., author = {Schneider, Erich and Glasauer, Stefan and Brandt, Thomas and Dieterich, Marianne}, title = {Nonlinear nystagmus processing causes torsional vor nonlinearity}, series = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {1004}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, issn = {1749-6632}, pages = {500 -- 505}, language = {en} } @misc{StruppGlasauerJahnetal., author = {Strupp, Michael and Glasauer, Stefan and Jahn, Klaus and Schneider, Erich and Krafczyk, Siegbert and Brandt, Thomas}, title = {Eye movements and balance}, series = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {1004}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, issn = {1749-6632}, pages = {352 -- 358}, language = {en} } @misc{StruppGlasauerSchneideretal., author = {Strupp, Michael and Glasauer, Stefan and Schneider, Erich and Eggert, Thomas and Glaser, Miriam}, title = {Anterior canal failure: ocular torsion without perceptual tilt due to preserved otolith function}, series = {Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery \& Psychiatry}, volume = {74}, journal = {Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery \& Psychiatry}, number = {9}, issn = {1468-330X}, doi = {10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1336}, pages = {1336 -- 1338}, language = {en} } @misc{HeuserSchulzSağlametal., author = {Heuser, Fabian and Schulz, Christian and Sağlam, Murat and Ramaioli, Cecilia and Heuberger, Maria and Wagner, Klaus J. and Jahn, Klaus and Schneider, Erich and Brandt, Thomas and Glasauer, Stefan and Lehnen, Nadine}, title = {Preventing opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: Rest your head and close your eyes?}, series = {PloS one}, volume = {12}, journal = {PloS one}, number = {3}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0173925}, pages = {e0173925}, language = {en} } @misc{LehnenKellererKnorretal., author = {Lehnen, Nadine and Kellerer, Silvy and Knorr, Alexander G. and Schlick, Cornelia and Jahn, Klaus and Schneider, Erich and Heuberger, Maria and Ramaioli, Cecilia}, title = {Head-Movement-Emphasized Rehabilitation in Bilateral Vestibulopathy}, series = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, issn = {1664-2295}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2018.00562}, pages = {6}, language = {en} } @misc{HeubergerGrillSaglametal., author = {Heuberger, Maria and Grill, Eva and Saglam, Murat and Ramaioli, Cecilia and M{\"u}ller, Martin and Strobl, Ralf and Holle, Rolf and Peters, Annette and Schneider, Erich and Lehnen, Nadine}, title = {Usability of the Video Head Impulse Test: Lessons from the Population-Based Prospective KORA Study}, series = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, issn = {1664-2295}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2018.00659}, pages = {7}, language = {en} } @misc{SchoeberlIrvingPradhanetal., author = {Sch{\"o}berl, Florian and Irving, Stephanie and Pradhan, Cauchy and Bardins, Stanislav and Trapp, Christoph and Schneider, Erich and Kugler, G{\"u}nter and Bartenstein, Peter and Dietrich, Marianne and Brandt, Thomas and Zwergal, Andreas}, title = {Prolonged allocentric navigation deficits indicate hippocampal damage in TGA}, series = {Neurology : official journal of the American Academy of Neurology}, volume = {92}, journal = {Neurology : official journal of the American Academy of Neurology}, number = {3}, issn = {0028-3878}, doi = {10.1212/WNL.0000000000006779}, pages = {e234 -- e243}, abstract = {Objective To investigate long-term recovery of allocentric and egocentric spatial orientation as a sensitive marker for hippocampal and extrahippocampal network function in transient global amnesia (TGA). Methods A group of 18 patients with TGA performed an established real-space navigation paradigm, requiring allo- and egocentric spatial orientation abilities, 3 days (postacute stage) and 3 months (follow-up) after symptom onset. Visual exploration behavior and navigation strategy were documented by a gaze-controlled, head-fixed camera. Allo- and egocentric spatial orientation performance was compared to that of 12 age-matched healthy controls. Navigation-induced brain activations were measured using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in a subgroup of 8 patients in the postacute stage and compared to those of the controls. Results In the postacute stage, the patients navigated worse and had higher error rates than controls in allocentric (p = 0.002), but not in egocentric, route planning (p = 0.30), despite complete recovery of verbal (p = 0.58) and figural memory (p = 0.11). Until follow-up, allocentric navigation deficits improved, but higher error rates and reduced use of shortcuts persisted (p < 0.0001). Patients still exhibited relatively more fixations of unique landmarks during follow-up (p = 0.05). PET measurements during the postacute stage showed increased navigation-induced brain activations in the right hippocampus, bilateral retrosplenial, parietal, and mesiofrontal cortices, and cerebellar dentate nucleus in patients compared to controls (p < 0.005). Conclusions Patients with TGA show selective and prolonged deficits of allocentric spatial orientation. Activations in right hippocampal and extrahippocampal hubs of the cerebral navigation network functionally substitute for the deficit in creating and updating the internal cognitive map in TGA.}, language = {en} } @misc{GrillHeubergerStrobletal., author = {Grill, Eva and Heuberger, Maria and Strobl, Ralf and Saglam, Murat and Holle, Rolf and Linkohr, Birgit and Ladwig, Karl-Heinz and Peters, Annette and Schneider, Erich and Jahn, Klaus and Lehnen, Nadine}, title = {Prevalence, determinants, and consequences of vestibular hypofunction. results from the kora-ff4 survey}, series = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, issn = {1664-2295}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2018.01076}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Objective: Uni- or bilateral vestibular hypofunction (VH) impairs balance and mobility, and may specifically lead to injury from falls and to disability. The extent of this problem in the general population is still unknown and most likely to be underestimated. Objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, determinants, and consequences of VH in the general population. Methods: Data originates from the cross-sectional second follow-up (FF4) in 2013/14 of the KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg)-S4 study (1999-2001) from Southern Germany. This was a random sample of the target population consisting of all residents of the region aged 25-74 years in 1999. We included all participants who reported moderate or severe vertigo or dizziness during the last 12 months and a random sub-sample of participants representative for the general population without vertigo or dizziness during the last 12 months were tested. VH was assessed with the Video-Head Impulse Test (vHIT). Trained examiners applied high-acceleration, small-amplitude passive head rotations ("head impulses") to the left and right in the plane of the horizontal semicircular canals while participants fixated a target straight ahead. During head impulses, head movements were measured with inertial sensors, eye movements with video-oculography (EyeSeeCam vHIT). Results: A total of 2,279 participants were included (mean age 60.8 years, 51.6\% female), 570 (25.0\%) with moderate or severe vertigo or dizziness during the last 12 months. Of these, 450 were assessed with vHIT where 26 (5.8\%) had unilateral VH, and 16 (3.6\%) had bilateral VH. Likewise, 190 asymptomatic participants were tested. Of these 5 (2.6\%) had unilateral VH, and 2 (1.1\%) had bilateral VH. Prevalence of uni- or bilateral VH among tested symptomatic participants was 2.4\% in those < 48 years, and 32.1\% in individuals aged 79 and over. Age-adjusted prevalence was 6.7\% (95\% CI 4.8\%; 8.6\%). VH was associated with worse health, falls, hearing loss, hearing impairment, and ear pressure. Conclusion: VH may affect between 53 and 95 million adults in Europe and the US. While not all affected persons will experience the full spectrum of symptoms and consequences, adequate diagnostic and therapeutic measures should become standard of care to decrease the burden of disease.}, language = {en} } @misc{DonaldTanChakrapanietal., author = {Donald, Aimee and Tan, Chong Y. and Chakrapani, Anupam and Hughes, Derralyn A. and Sharma, Reena and Cole, Duncan and Bardins, Stanislav and Gorges, Martin and Jones, Simon A. and Schneider, Erich}, title = {Eye movement biomarkers allow for the definition of phenotypes in Gaucher Disease}, series = {Orphanet journal of rare diseases : OJRD}, volume = {15}, journal = {Orphanet journal of rare diseases : OJRD}, issn = {1750-1172}, doi = {10.1186/s13023-020-01637-9}, pages = {12}, abstract = {Background: Neurological forms of Gaucher disease, the inherited disorder of β-Glucosylceramidase caused by bi-allelic variants in GBA1, is a progressive disorder which lacks a disease-modifying therapy. Systemic manifestations of disease are effectively treated with enzyme replacement therapy, however, molecules which cross the blood-brain barrier are still under investigation. Clinical trials of such therapeutics require robust, reproducible clinical endpoints to demonstrate efficacy and clear phenotypic definitions to identify suitable patients for inclusion in trials. The single consistent clinical feature in all patients with neuronopathic disease is the presence of a supranuclear saccadic gaze palsy, in the presence of Gaucher disease this finding serves as diagnostic of 'type 3' Gaucher disease.}, language = {en} } @misc{BelyakovaBodinaRatanovSchneideretal., author = {Belyakova-Bodina, Alexandra and Ratanov, Mikhail and Schneider, Erich and Seliverstov, Yury and Nuzhnyi, Evgenii and Klyushnikov, Sergey and Broutian, Amayak}, title = {Uncovering bilateral vestibulopathy in patients with SANDO syndrome caused by mutations in POLG gene: a case series}, series = {Journal of Neurology}, volume = {268}, journal = {Journal of Neurology}, number = {10}, issn = {1432-1459}, doi = {10.1007/s00415-021-10650-2}, pages = {3909 -- 3912}, abstract = {The triad of sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO) comprise a distinct phenotype of rare mitochondrial disease. It is caused mainly by mitochondrial DNA depletion and deletions due to mutations in the nuclear genes, with POLG being one of the most common ones [1]. In SANDO syndrome, balance and gait disturbances have traditionally been attributed to sensory ataxic neuropathy and, in some patients, to cerebellar ataxia and/or limb weakness [2, 3]. However, there has been a report of bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) in a patient with SANDO caused by mutations in the POLG gene [4]. We present five patients with SANDO due to POLG gene mutations, whose vestibular and oculomotor function were assessed with video-oculography (VOG)}, language = {en} } @misc{KordaZamaroWagneretal., author = {Korda, Athanasia and Zamaro, Ewa and Wagner, Franca and Morrison, Miranda and Schneider, Erich and Caversaccio, Marco Domenico and Sauter, Thomas C. and Mantokoudis, Georgios}, title = {Acute vestibular syndrome: is skew deviation a central sign?}, series = {Journal of Neurology}, volume = {269}, journal = {Journal of Neurology}, number = {3}, issn = {1432-1459}, doi = {10.1007/s00415-021-10692-6}, pages = {1396 -- 1403}, abstract = {Objective Skew deviation results from a dysfunction of the graviceptive pathways in patients with an acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) leading to vertical diplopia due to vertical ocular misalignment. It is considered as a central sign, however, the prevalence of skew and the accuracy of its test is not well known . Methods We performed a prospective study from February 2015 until September 2020 of all patients presenting at our emergency department (ED) with signs of AVS. All patients underwent clinical HINTS and video test of skew (vTS) followed by a delayed MRI, which served as a gold standard for vestibular stroke confirmation. Results We assessed 58 healthy subjects, 53 acute unilateral vestibulopathy patients (AUVP) and 24 stroke patients. Skew deviation prevalence was 24\% in AUVP and 29\% in strokes. For a positive clinical test of skew, the cut-off of vertical misalignment was 3 deg with a very low sensitivity of 15\% and specificity of 98.2\%. The sensitivity of vTS was 29.2\% with a specificity of 75.5\%. Conclusions Contrary to prior knowledge, skew deviation proved to be more prevalent in patients with AVS and occurred in every forth patient with AUVP. Large skew deviations (> 3.3 deg), were pointing toward a central lesion. Clinical and video test of skew offered little additional diagnostic value compared to other diagnostic tests such as the head impulse test and nystagmus test. Video test of skew could aid to quantify skew in the ED setting in which neurotological expertise is not always readily available.}, language = {en} } @misc{SpiegelClaassenTeufeletal., author = {Spiegel, Rainer and Claassen, Jens and Teufel, Julian and Bardins, Stanislav and Schneider, Erich and Lehrer, Nicole and Jahn, Klaus and Anciaes da Silva, F{\´a}bio and Hahn, Ales and Farahmand, Parvis and Brandt, Thomas and Strupp, Michael and Kalla, Roger}, title = {Resting in darkness improves downbeat nystagmus: evidence from an observational study}, series = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, volume = {1375}, journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences}, number = {1}, issn = {1749-6632}, doi = {10.1111/nyas.13172}, pages = {66 -- 73}, abstract = {Resting in an upright position during daytime decreases downbeat nystagmus (DBN). When measured in brightness only, that is, without intermitting exposure to darkness, it does not make a significant difference whether patients have previously rested in brightness or in darkness. In real-world scenarios, people are often exposed to brightness and darkness intermittently. The aim of this study was to analyze whether resting in brightness or resting in darkness was associated with a lower post-resting DBN after intermitting exposures to brightness and darkness. Eight patients were recorded with three-dimensional video-oculography in brightness and darkness conditions, each following two 2-h resting intervals under either brightness or darkness resting conditions. The dependent variable was DBN intensity, measured in mean slow phase velocity. A repeated measures ANOVA with the factors measurement condition (brightness vs. darkness), resting condition (brightness vs. darkness), and time (after first vs. second resting interval) showed a significant effect for the factor resting condition, where previous resting in darkness was associated with a significantly lower DBN relative to previous resting in brightness (P < 0.01). The clinical relevance is to advise patients with DBN to rest in darkness.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VillgrattnerSchneiderAnderschetal., author = {Villgrattner, Thomas and Schneider, Erich and Andersch, Philipp and Ulbrich, Heinz}, title = {Compact high dynamic 3 dof camera orientation system, development and control}, series = {The 10th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control MOVIC, proceedings, 17 - 20 August 2010, Tokyo, Japan}, booktitle = {The 10th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control MOVIC, proceedings, 17 - 20 August 2010, Tokyo, Japan}, editor = {Suda, Yoshihiro}, publisher = {Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo}, address = {Tokyo}, pages = {10}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{WrightSchneider, author = {Wright, W. Geoffrey and Schneider, Erich}, title = {Manual motor control during "virtual" self-motion: Implications for vr rehabilitation}, series = {2009 Virtual Rehabilitation International Conference, Haifa, Israel, 29 June - 2 July 2009}, booktitle = {2009 Virtual Rehabilitation International Conference, Haifa, Israel, 29 June - 2 July 2009}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-4244-4188-4}, pages = {166 -- 172}, language = {en} } @misc{AubeleGrillEggertetal., author = {Aubele, Maria and Grill, Eva and Eggert, Thomas and Schneider, Erich and Strobl, Ralf and Jahn, Klaus and M{\"u}ller, Martin and Holle, Rolf and Linkohr, Birgit and Heier, Margit and Ladwig, Karl-Heinz and Lehnen, Nadine}, title = {Symptoms in unilatral vestibular hypofunction are associated with number of catch-up saccades and retinal errors: results from the population-based KORA FF4study}, series = {Frontiers in Neurology}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Frontiers in Neurology}, number = {14}, issn = {1664-2295}, pages = {8}, abstract = {Objective: The presence and intensity of symptoms vary in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. We aimed to determine which saccadic and vestibulo-ocular reflex parameters best predict the presence of symptoms in unilateral vestibular hypofunction in order to better understand vestibular compensation and its implications for rehabilitation therapy. Methods: Video head impulse test data were analyzed from a subpopulation of 23 symptomatic and 10 currently symptom-free participants with unilateral vestibular hypofunction, embedded in the KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) FF4 study, the second follow-up of the KORA S4 population-based health survey (2,279 participants). Results: A higher number of catch-up saccades, a higher percentage of covert saccades, and a larger retinal error at 200 ms after the onset of the head impulse were associated with relevant symptoms in participants with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (p = 0.028, p = 0.046, and p = 0.038, respectively). After stepwise selection, the number of catch-up saccades and retinal error at 200 ms remained in the final logistic regression model, which was significantly better than a null model (p = 0.014). Age, gender, saccade amplitude, saccade latency, and VOR gain were not predictive of the presence of symptoms. Conclusion: The accuracy of saccadic compensation seems to be crucial for the presence of symptoms in unilateral vestibular hypofunction, highlighting the role of specific gaze stabilization exercises in rehabilitation. Early saccades, mainly triggered by the vestibular system, do not seem to compensate accurately enough, resulting in a relevant retinal error and the need for more as well as more accurate catch-up saccades, probably triggered by the visual system.}, language = {en} } @misc{MichailidouKordaWyssetal., author = {Michailidou, Efterpi and Korda, Athanasia and Wyss, Thomas and Bardins, Stanislav and Schneider, Erich and Morrison, Miranda and Wagner, Franca and Caversaccio, Marco and Mantokoudis, Georgios}, title = {The value of saccade metrics and VOR gain in detecting a vestibular stroke}, series = {Journal of Vestibular Research}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of Vestibular Research}, number = {1}, issn = {1878-6464}, doi = {10.3233/VES-230083}, pages = {49 -- 61}, abstract = {Objective: A normal video Head Impulse Test is the gold standard in the emergency department to rule-in patients with an acute vestibular syndrome and a stroke. We aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of vHIT metrics regarding the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain and the corrective saccades in detecting vestibular strokes. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study (convenience sample) of patients presenting with acute vestibular syndrome in the emergency department of a tertiary referral centre between February 2015 and May 2020. We screened 1677 patients and enrolled 76 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of acute vestibular syndrome. All patients underwent video head impulse test with automated and manual data analysis. A delayed MRI served as a gold standard for vestibular stroke confirmation. Results: Out of 76 patients, 52 were diagnosed with acute unilateral vestibulopathy and 24 with vestibular strokes. The overall accuracy of detecting stroke with an automated vestibulo-ocular reflex gain was 86.8\%, compared to 77.6\% for cumulative saccade amplitude and automatic saccade mean peak velocity measured by an expert and 71\% for cumulative saccade amplitude and saccade mean peak velocity measured automatically. Gain misclassified 13.1\% of the patients as false positive or false negative, manual cumulative saccade amplitude and saccade mean peak velocity 22.3\%, and automated cumulative saccade amplitude and saccade mean peak velocity 28.9\% respectively. Conclusions: We found a better accuracy of video head impulse test for the diagnosis of vestibular strokes when using the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain than using saccade metrics. Nevertheless, saccades provide an additional and important information for video head impulse test evaluation. The automated saccade detection algorithm is not yet perfect compared to expert analysis, but it may become a valuable tool for future non-expert video head impulse test evaluations.}, language = {en} } @misc{LehnenRamaioliToddetal., author = {Lehnen, Nadine and Ramaioli, Cecilia and Todd, Nicholas Sean and Bartl, Klaus and Kohlbecher, Stefan and Jahn, Klaus and Schneider, Erich}, title = {Clinical and video head impulses: a simple bedside test in children}, series = {Journal of Neurology}, volume = {264}, journal = {Journal of Neurology}, number = {5}, issn = {1432-1459}, doi = {10.1007/s00415-017-8450-y}, pages = {1002 -- 1004}, language = {en} } @misc{FriedrichSchneiderBuerkleinetal., author = {Friedrich, Maximilian U. and Schneider, Erich and Buerklein, Miriam and Taeger, Johannes and Hartig, Johannes and Volkmann, Jens and Peach, Robert and Zeller, Daniel}, title = {Smartphone video nystagmography using convolutional neural networks: ConVNG}, series = {Journal of Neurology}, volume = {270}, journal = {Journal of Neurology}, issn = {1432-1459}, doi = {10.1007/s00415-022-11493-1}, pages = {2518 -- 2530}, abstract = {Eye movement abnormalities are commonplace in neurological disorders. However, unaided eye movement assessments lack granularity. Although videooculography (VOG) improves diagnostic accuracy, resource intensiveness precludes its broad use. To bridge this care gap, we here validate a framework for smartphone video-based nystagmography capitalizing on recent computer vision advances. Methods A convolutional neural network was fine-tuned for pupil tracking using > 550 annotated frames: ConVNG. In a cross-sectional approach, slow-phase velocity of optokinetic nystagmus was calculated in 10 subjects using ConVNG and VOG. Equivalence of accuracy and precision was assessed using the "two one-sample t-test" (TOST) and Bayesian interval-null approaches. ConVNG was systematically compared to OpenFace and MediaPipe as computer vision (CV) benchmarks for gaze estimation. Results ConVNG tracking accuracy reached 9-15\% of an average pupil diameter. In a fully independent clinical video dataset, ConVNG robustly detected pupil keypoints (median prediction confidence 0.85). SPV measurement accuracy was equivalent to VOG (TOST p < 0.017; Bayes factors (BF) > 24). ConVNG, but not MediaPipe, achieved equivalence to VOG in all SPV calculations. Median precision was 0.30°/s for ConVNG, 0.7°/s for MediaPipe and 0.12°/s for VOG. ConVNG precision was significantly higher than MediaPipe in vertical planes, but both algorithms' precision was inferior to VOG. Conclusions ConVNG enables offline smartphone video nystagmography with an accuracy comparable to VOG and significantly higher precision than MediaPipe, a benchmark computer vision application for gaze estimation. This serves as a blueprint for highly accessible tools with potential to accelerate progress toward precise and personalized Medicine.}, language = {en} } @misc{DongHanSchneiderSangYeonetal., author = {Dong-Han, Lee and Schneider, Erich and Sang-Yeon, Lee and Kim, Ji-Soo and Koo, Ja-Won}, title = {Objective measurement of HINTS (Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew) in peripheral vestibulopathy}, series = {Auris Nasus Larynx}, volume = {49}, journal = {Auris Nasus Larynx}, number = {6}, issn = {1879-1476}, doi = {10.1016/j.anl.2022.03.003}, pages = {938 -- 949}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate how often the positive sign of HINTS (Head-Impulse, Gaze Evoked Nystagmus, Test of Skew) appears in patients with acute peripheral vestibular lesion, HINTS findings were quantitatively measured and analyzed in patients with peripheral vestibulopathy accompanying spontaneous nystagmus. Methods HINTS was evaluated in 14 vertigo patients with spontaneous nystagmus. Horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain was measured using the video head impulse test (vHIT). To evaluate gaze-evoked nystagmus (GEN), slow-phase velocities at different points of lateral gaze were measured and plotted, then the slope and its inverse value, the neural integrator time constant, were calculated. Skew deviation was tested using anaglyph filters to simulate the alternate cover test, and the degree and latency of vertical eyeball deviation were measured. The ABCD2 score was calculated to evaluate the risk of stroke. Results Among 13 patients of peripheral vestibulopathy, 7 showed positive signs in HINTS (normal vHIT: 5, direction-changing GEN: 0, skew deviation: 3). One patient with a cerebellopontine angle tumor presented with both a peripheral and central pattern and showed positive HINTS findings (presence of direction-changing GEN). The mean VOR gain of patients with abnormal vHIT was 0.58±0.29 and 1.10±0.11 in the affected and contralateral side, respectively, while those in patients with normal vHIT were 1.04±0.21 and 1.13±0.12, respectively. The neural integrator time constant calculated from the mean slope of horizontal slow-phase velocity according to horizontal eye position was 42.9 s. The mean vertical eyeball deviation of patients with positive skew was 2.14±1.18° while uncovering the eye on the affected side, and -1.97±1.59° while uncovering the eye on the unaffected side. The median ABCD2 score of 14 patients was 2 (range, 1-3). Conclusions HINTS findings were objectively measured in vertigo patients with spontaneous nystagmus. Although positive findings of HINTS have been recognized as a central sign, 54\% (7/13) of cases with peripheral vestibulopathy showed positive HINTS signs. HINTS results should be interpreted carefully considering that a substantial proportion of peripheral vestibulopathy shows a positive HINTS sign.}, language = {en} }