@misc{EnoguanbhorEnoguanbhorEdoetal., author = {Enoguanbhor, Eveline Aggrey and Enoguanbhor, Evidence Chinedu and Edo, Iwebuke and Albrecht, Eike}, title = {Survey-based Analysis for Proximate Anthropogenic Driving Factors of Forest Landscape Degradation: The Case of Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania}, series = {East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry}, volume = {6}, journal = {East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry}, number = {1}, issn = {2707-4323}, doi = {10.37284/eajfa.6.1.1459}, pages = {262 -- 271}, language = {en} } @misc{EnoguanbhorEnoguanbhorAlbrecht, author = {Enoguanbhor, Eveline Aggrey and Enoguanbhor, Evidence Chinedu and Albrecht, Eike}, title = {Implementing institutional instruments for forest landscape protection in the Kilimanjaro world heritage site, Tanzania​}, series = {International journal of forestry, ecology and environment}, volume = {7}, journal = {International journal of forestry, ecology and environment}, number = {1}, issn = {2708-5430}, doi = {10.18801/ijfee.070123.27}, pages = {245 -- 258}, abstract = {Various institutional instruments, including world heritage convention (WHC) and other strategic policies, have been deployed to protect forest landscapes as natural heritage across the globe. Despite the implementation of these instruments to protect forest landscapes in world heritage sites (WHS), the degradation problems persist, especially in the developing world, including Africa. Using the Kilimanjaro WHS in Tanzania as a case study, we investigated the state of implementing WHC and policies as strategic institutional instruments for forest landscape protection to support the sustainability of forests as a natural heritage. We collected empirical data using surveys of experts and integrated qualitative and quantitative (descriptive) analyses to investigate the implementation level of WHC and policies on forest protection, related the implementation level to primary forest degradation, and identified key challenges confronting the implementation. Key findings showed a low-level implementation of WHC and policies for forest protection. Also, our study showed that low-level implementation is associated with 19.83\% of forest degradation from 1976 to 2020. Additionally, our study identified key challenges confronting all institutional instruments deployed for forest protection, including a lack of forest protection/conservation education in local communities, a low level of law enforcement on forest degradation, inadequate resources, wildfire, a lack of political will, political interference/interests, inadequate personnel, a lack of inter-departmental coordination, and conflicts with local communities. Our findings are of great importance for decision-makers to improve the implementation level of the WHC and policies as strategic institutional instruments and to improve the sustainability of forests as a natural heritage in Africa and other parts of the world.}, language = {en} }