@inproceedings{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Aufbereitung von festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nden aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung zu Bodenhilfsstoffen}, series = {Tagungsband, 6. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft, am 10. und 11. M{\"a}rz 2016 in Berlin}, booktitle = {Tagungsband, 6. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft, am 10. und 11. M{\"a}rz 2016 in Berlin}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Abfallwirtschaft e.V.}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-00-052365-6}, abstract = {Mit der Novellierung des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes (EEG) im Jahr 2014 und der fl{\"a}chendeckenden Einf{\"u}hrung der getrennten Erfassung der Bioabf{\"a}lle seit 2015 (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz 2012) wurden deutliche Anreize f{\"u}r die Verwendung von organischen Reststoffen zur Biogaserzeugung gesetzt. Ein verst{\"a}rkter Einsatz von Bioabf{\"a}llen als G{\"a}rsubstrat ist zu erwarten. Die festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer auf landwirtschaftliche Fl{\"a}chen r{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit dient der Untersuchung von Aufbereitungsm{\"o}glichkeiten der festen G{\"a}rr{\"u}ckst{\"a}nde aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung und soll insbesondere die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Verg{\"a}rung, Aufbereitung und anschließender Bodenwirkung klarstellen.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Conditioning of residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment}, series = {24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 6-9 June 2016, Book of abstracts}, booktitle = {24th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 6-9 June 2016, Book of abstracts}, address = {Amsterdam}, pages = {S. 37}, abstract = {The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic waste digestion as composting of organic waste materials is still common. Before digestion residues can be applied to soils they need to be conditioned as they have a high impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials) and need to meet the requirements of German regulation on biowaste (Bioabfallverordnung). Our research is investigating on conditioning methods for solid residues of municipal organic waste digestion with regard to the potential effect of products on soil structure, soil water regime and nutrient supply. Investigations have been made with different digestion residues from lab scale, semi-industrial and industrial scale biogas plants. Conditioning methods have been tested using our in-lab treatment facilities consisting of a drying, composting, sieving and pelletizing unit. Preliminary results show that drying and pelletizing measures influence hydrophobicity of digestion residues. As water repellency directly affects water flow and soil moisture this is a determining parameter regarding the amendment performance of conditioned products.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Conditioning of solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste with regard to its use as soil amendment}, series = {Venice 2016, 6th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste 2016, Venice, Italy, 14-17 November 2016}, booktitle = {Venice 2016, 6th International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste 2016, Venice, Italy, 14-17 November 2016}, publisher = {CISA Publisher}, address = {Padova}, isbn = {978-88-6265-007-6}, abstract = {To prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility the application of organic soil amendments is a common measure. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of organic household waste are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, less is known about characteristics of solid residues from organic household waste digestion and the effects of conditioning measures on substrate quality and amendment performance in soil. Before digestion residues can be applied to agricultural soils in Germany, they need to meet the requirements of Biowaste Ordinance (BioAbfV). Conditioning mainly focuses on reducing impurity content (especially plastic bags and packaging materials), securing hygiene of residues, reducing water content and developing tradable products. We studied the effect of drying, composting, sieving and pelletisation on final product characteristics. Investigations have been examined with solid digestates, composted digestates and pelletized digestates originating from the same organic waste input. Samples were retrieved from a semi-industrial biogas plant of the company GICON (Gemany) and a composting plant of the company Becker Umweltdienste (Germany). Investigations show that characteristics of organic household waste undergo a clear change during anaerobic digestion and subsequent composting of the digestate. The final composted product will mainly contribute to long-term development of soil fertiliy. The improvement of waste quality is the most important measure to ensure the provision of high-quality soil amendments. Investigations on the impact of digestate products on soil-water-regime however did not show a clear advantage of pelletized products over loose material.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Nutrient and heavy metal accumulation in municipal organic waste from separate collection during anaerobic digestion in a two-stage laboratory biogas plant}, series = {Bioresource Technology}, volume = {239}, journal = {Bioresource Technology}, issn = {1873-2976}, doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.026}, pages = {437 -- 446}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Trocknen oder Kompostieren? Auswirkung auf die D{\"u}ngeeigenschaften von G{\"a}rresten aus der Bioabfallverg{\"a}rung}, series = {Tagungsband 7. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft am 16. und 17. M{\"a}rz 2017 an der RWTH Aachen}, booktitle = {Tagungsband 7. Wissenschaftskongress Abfall- und Ressourcenwirtschaft am 16. und 17. M{\"a}rz 2017 an der RWTH Aachen}, editor = {Bockreis, Anke}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Innsbruck University Press}, address = {Innsbruck}, isbn = {978-3-903122-78-9}, pages = {131 -- 135}, abstract = {Mit der Einf{\"u}hrung der fl{\"a}chendeckenden Getrenntsammlung von Bioabf{\"a}llen und im Zuge der F{\"o}rderpolitikentwicklung unter dem EEG wird ein verst{\"a}rkter Einsatz von Bioabf{\"a}llen in Biogasanlagen erwartet. Die G{\"a}rreste sollen im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft als organischer Bodenverbesserer eingesetzt werden. Neben inhaltlichen Anforderungen schreibt die BioAbfV eine Hygienisierung der G{\"a}rreste vor. Dies kann im Anschluss an die Verg{\"a}rung durch Trocknung oder Kompostierung realisiert werden. Die vorgestellte Forschungsarbeit befasst sich mit Frage wie sich das gew{\"a}hlte Hygienisierungsverfahren auf die D{\"u}ngeeigenschaften der G{\"a}rreste auswirkt. F{\"u}r die Untersuchung wurden 3 G{\"a}rrestchargen aus einer 2-stufigen Biogasanlage (GICON-Biogastechnikum Cottbus) getrocknet (BTU Labor) und kompostiert (Kompostwerk Becker Umweltdienste). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die getrockneten G{\"a}rreste einen h{\"o}heren Anteil an sehr schnell verf{\"u}gbaren, eluierbaren N{\"a}hrstoffen und Schwermetallen aufweisen. Der Nmin-Gehalt des getrockneten G{\"a}rrestes ist ebenfalls h{\"o}her. Durch die Kompostierung kommt es zur Aufkonzentration von Elementen im G{\"a}rrest. Diese weisen aber eine geringere Eluierbarkeit auf. Der Anteil an pflanzenverf{\"u}gbarem P ist im kompostierten G{\"a}rrest h{\"o}her. Auf die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit von K hat das Aufbereitungsverfahren keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Beide Aufbereitungsverfahren bieten Vor- und Nachteile im Hinblick auf die potentielle Wirkung des G{\"a}rrestes auf Boden- und Pflanzenentwicklung. Eine eindeutige Empfehlung f{\"u}r ein Aufbereitungsverfahren kann daher nicht gegeben werden.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{KnoopDietrichHeinrichetal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Dietrich, Nils and Heinrich, Martina and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Degradation of soil amendments produced from municipal organic waste digestate during a two-year field study}, series = {25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Stockholm, 2017}, booktitle = {25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Stockholm, 2017}, isbn = {978-88-89407-17-2}, doi = {10.5071/25thEUBCE2017-4AV.2.14}, pages = {1720 -- 1723}, abstract = {The structural degradation of agricultural soils is an increasing problem of our times caused by intense land use. The treatment of soils with organic amendments shall maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW) are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. Our research investigates the characteristics of differently treated amendments produced from MOW digestate. We want to know how long these amendments are present in the soil and which amendment type contributes most to nutrient provision after application. Results were obtained using four different MOW digestate amendments of one origin (loose, pelletized and agglomerated) during a 24-hours shaker-experiment and a bag-experiment on grassland, which was subsequently sampled over 21 months. Results show that short-term element leaching is higher from loose amendment and small agglomerates, probably caused by higher surface area und lower stability of these amendments. Biggest degradation effects can be seen 7 months after application to soil. However, all four amendments are still present after 21 months. Pelletized amendments are more degradation resistant than loose amendment, which may be advantageous regarding long-term effects e.g. on water holding capacity. In turn, loose material delivers a higher share of small organic particles to soil and may therefore have a higher contribution to humus development.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnoopDornackRaab, author = {Knoop, Christine and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Effect of drying, composting and subsequent impurity removal by sieving on the properties of digestates from municipal organic waste}, series = {Waste Management}, volume = {72}, journal = {Waste Management}, issn = {1879-2456}, doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.022}, pages = {168 -- 177}, abstract = {The application of organic soil amendments is a common measure to prevent structural degradation of agricultural soils and to maintain and improve long-term soil fertility. Solid residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal organic waste (MOW) are rich in nutrients and organic matter and have a promising potential to be used as soil amendment. However, no study has related amendment properties of MOW digestate of one origin to different treatment procedures. We therefore investigated the impact of drying, composting and sieving on final digestate properties and specifically nutrient availability and heavy metal and carbon elution. Samples were provided by a semi-industrial two-stage biogas plant with dry fermentation of MOW. Results confirm that in comparison to drying, composting of MOW digestates leads to a significant increase of K, P, Mg, Ca, Cd and Cr in the digestates. Sieving of composted digestates showed that heavy metals are not evenly distributed and that heavy metal concentration in the digestate increases with decreasing mesh sizes (highest concentrations in the fractions <1 mm). Although the element concentration is higher in composted batches, the water-extractability of nutrients, heavy metals and carbon is significantly lower from composted over dried digestates. A significant correlation was found between the dissolution of Zn, Ni, Ca and Mg and pH of eluate as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release (R > 0.7, p < 0.05). Results confirm that the extent of carbon elution depends on the degradation rate of digestates. DOC may therefore be a good measure to evaluate digestate stability and to decide on treatment measures.}, language = {en} } @misc{KnoopTietzeDornacketal., author = {Knoop, Christine and Tietze, Michael and Dornack, Christina and Raab, Thomas}, title = {Fate of nutrients and heavy metals during two-stage digestion and aerobic post-treatment of municipal organic waste}, series = {Bioresource Technology}, volume = {251}, journal = {Bioresource Technology}, issn = {1873-2976}, doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.019}, pages = {238 -- 248}, abstract = {The biogas technology is a promising approach for the recovery of energy and fertilizer from municipal organic waste (MOW). However, only scarce information on the development of initial nutrient and heavy metal loads during processing is available. Therefore, this study investigates properties of source-separated MOW during treatment in a semi-industrial scale two-stage biogas plant and subsequent digestate composting including impurities removal. Data from 15 batch experiments was investigated by material and substance flow analysis. Results of this study have shown that about 40\% of nutrients contained in the MOW inflow are mineralized during anaerobic and subsequent aerobic treatment. A higher nutrient release was observed during the anaerobic treatment step. Additionally, impurities removal causes a significant reduction of final nutrient content. Heavy metal analysis confirmed a high heterogeneity of contamination levels. However, digestion and composting do not seem to significantly impact on total heavy metal loads in the substrate flow.}, language = {en} } @misc{OttoAbendrothDornack, author = {Otto, Pascal and Abendroth, Christian and Dornack, Christina}, title = {Designer-Mikrobiome f{\"u}r den Biogassektor}, series = {M{\"u}ll und Abfall}, volume = {54}, journal = {M{\"u}ll und Abfall}, number = {05}, issn = {1863-9763}, doi = {10.37307/j.1863-9763.2022.05.05}, pages = {243 -- 247}, abstract = {Das Institut f{\"u}r Abfall- und Kreislaufwirtschaft (IAK) der TU Dresden ist am von der Europ{\"a}ischen Union im Rahmen des H2020-Programms gef{\"o}rderten Projekts "Micro4Biogas" beteiligt. Ziel des Projektes ist es, zur Unterst{\"u}tzung und Modernisierung des Biogassektors in den EU-L{\"a}ndern beizutragen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Untersuchung der anaeroben Verg{\"a}rung und des Mikrobioms, welche trotz jahrzehntelanger Forschung nicht ausreichend entschl{\"u}sselt sind. Obwohl das Wissen {\"u}ber die beteiligten Mikroorganismen zunimmt, wird das Mikrobiom nach wie vor als "Black Box" betrachtet. Im Rahmen von Micro4Biogas erfolgt die Charakterisierung nat{\"u}rlicher mikrobieller Gemeinschaften sowie die Erforschung neuer synthetischer mikrobieller Gemeinschaften. Darauf aufbauend erfolgt die Entwicklung von Strategien zur gezielten Beeinflussung des Mikrobioms (Bioaugmentation), die dazu dienen, den Prozess robuster, schneller, produktiver und standardisierter zu gestalten. Das bestehende und generierte Fachwissen wird in einer frei verf{\"u}gbaren Roadmap zusammengefasst. Die Roadmap soll zudem Leitlinien und Handlungsempfehlungen f{\"u}r Industrie und Politik zur nachhaltigen und optimierten Produktion von Biogas enthalten.}, language = {de} } @misc{AbendrothDornackNefigmannetal., author = {Abendroth, Christian and Dornack, Christina and Nefigmann, Sven and Otto, Pascal}, title = {Mikroskopische Helden der Biogasbranche}, series = {Tagungsband zum 20. Dialog Abfallwirtschaft und zum 16. Rostocker Bioenergieforum}, journal = {Tagungsband zum 20. Dialog Abfallwirtschaft und zum 16. Rostocker Bioenergieforum}, editor = {Nelles, Michael}, address = {Rostock}, isbn = {978-3-86009-535-5}, doi = {10.18453/rosdok_id00003615}, pages = {233 -- 241}, abstract = {Das Streben nach umweltfreundlicher Energie und Wertstoffen hat in den letzten Jahren, gest{\"a}rkt durch Wirtschaft und Politik, den Drang nach Innovation erheblich angeregt. Dieser Entwicklungsdrang findet sich in vielen Bereichen wieder, unter anderem in der Bio{\"o}konomie und hier auch bei Biogasanlagen. Das Schlagwort „Mikrobiom" ist im medizinischen Bereich bereits weit verbreitet und wird im popul{\"a}rwissenschaftlichen Bereich in zahlreichen B{\"u}chern diskutiert. Dies unterstreicht das große gesellschaftliche Interesse an diesem Thema. Neben diesen Erkenntnissen gewinnt das Mikrobiom im Bereich der Bioenergien zunehmend an Bedeutung. In den letzten Jahren sind in hochrangigen, internationalen Fachjournalen zahlreichen Artikel erschienen, welche aufzeigen, dass Biogasanlagen wahre Superhelden unter den Mikroorganismen beherbergen. Die hohe Diversit{\"a}t wurde bereits in zahlreichen Publikationen diskutiert. Trotz dessen wird das Mikrobiom als „Blackbox" betrachtet. Wissenschaftler weltweit versuchen diese Blackbox aufzul{\"o}sen und hierbei traten einige {\"U}berraschungen auf. Dieses neue Wissen k{\"o}nnte den Grundstein f{\"u}r neue Konzepte der Prozesssteuerung legen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist in diesem Zusammenhang eine Kurz{\"u}bersicht {\"u}ber mikrobielle Innovation im Zusammenhang mit anaeroben Mikrobiomen.}, language = {de} } @misc{OviedoOcanaAbendrothDominguezRiveraetal., author = {Oviedo-Oca{\~n}a, Edgar Ricardo and Abendroth, Christian and Dominguez Rivera, Isabel Cristina and S{\´a}nchez Ferrer, Antoni and Dornack, Christina}, title = {Life cycle assessment of biowaste and green waste composting systems: A review of applications and implementation challenges}, series = {Waste Management}, volume = {171}, journal = {Waste Management}, issn = {1879-2456}, doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.004}, pages = {350 -- 364}, abstract = {Composting is one of the most widely applied methods for recycling organic waste. This process has been proposed as one option that facilitates the reincorporation of materials into the production cycle. However, composting also generates environmental impacts. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the most common approach to evaluate the environmental impacts of a process at different system stages. Nevertheless, applying LCA in composting facilities is challenging due to the extensive information required, the lack of standardization on the initial assumptions, the definition of system boundaries, and the high diversity of existing composting technologies. This paper systematically reviews LCA studies in biowaste and/or green waste composting. The study highlights the challenges that should be met in order to improving the application of LCA to evaluate the environmental impacts of this type or waste treatment strategy. The review protocol used identified 456 papers published between 2010 and 2022. After the screening, 56 papers were selected, read, and thoroughly analyzed. The results show that: i) about 68\% of the studies aimed to compare composting with other solid waste management options; ii) there was a wide diversity among the impact categories considered, which predominantly included climate change and ozone depletion; iii) there was no consensus on the functional unit or the system boundaries; iv) the main gaseous emissions studied were ammonia, methane, and nitrogen oxide, which were generally determined by emission factors; v) the avoided environmental impacts associated with the end-product quality and its application as an organic amendment or soil improver were ignored. This work demonstrates the complexity of conducting credible and valid composting LCA studies and proposes seven recommendations for improving the application of this assessment methodology to analyze this waste management alternative.}, language = {en} }