@misc{KundelMeyerBirkhoferetal., author = {Kundel, Dominika and Meyer, Svenja and Birkhofer, Herbert and Fliessbach, Andreas and M{\"a}der, Paul and Scheu, Stefan and Kleunen, Mark van and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Design and Manual to Construct Rainout-Shelters for Climate Change Experiments in Agroecosystems}, series = {Frontiers in Environmental Science}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science}, issn = {2296-665X}, doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2018.00014}, pages = {9}, abstract = {Climate change models predict reduced summer precipitations for most European countries, including more frequent and extreme summer droughts. Rainout-shelters which intercept part of the natural precipitation provide an effective tool to investigate effects of different precipitation levels on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we evaluate and describe in detail a fixed-location rainout-shelter (2.5 × 2.5 m) with partial interception of natural rainfall. We provide a complete parts list, a construction manual and detailed CAD drawings allowing to rebuild and use these shelters for rainfall manipulation studies. In addition, we describe a rainout-shelter control treatment giving the possibility to quantify and account for potential shelter artifacts. To test the rainout-shelters, we established the following three treatments each in eight winter wheat plots of the agricultural long-term farming system comparison trial DOK in Therwil (Switzerland): (1) A rainout-shelter with 65\% interception of rainfall, (2) a rainout-shelter control without interception of rainfall, and (3) an ambient control. The rainout-shelter effectively excluded 64.9\% of the ambient rainfall, which is very close to the a priori calculated exclusion of 65.1\%. In comparison to the ambient control plots, gravimetric soil moisture decreased under the rainout-shelter by a maximum of 11.1 percentage points. Air temperature under the rainout-shelter differed little from the ambient control (-0.55°C in 1.2 m height and +0.19°C in 0.1 m height), whereas soil temperatures were slightly higher in periods of high ambient temperature (+1.02°C), but remained basically unaffected in periods of low ambient temperature (+0.14°C). A maximum edge effect of 0.75 m defined a sampling area of 1 × 1 m under the rainout-shelter. The rainout-shelters presented here, proved to sustain under heavy weather and they were well-suited to be used in agricultural fields where management operations require the removal of the rainout-shelters for management operations. Overall, the results confirmed the good performance of the presented rainout-shelters regarding rainout-shelter artifacts, predictable rain exclusion, and feasibility for experimental studies in agricultural fields.}, language = {en} } @misc{BochAllanBirkhoferetal., author = {Boch, Steffen and Allan, Eric and Birkhofer, Klaus and Bossdorf, Oliver and Bl{\"u}thgen, Nico and Christ-Breulmann, Sabina and Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Dormann, Carsten F. and Gossner, Martin M. and Hallmann, Christine and Hemp, Andreas and H{\"o}lzel, Norbert and Jung, Kirsten and Klaus, Valentin H. and Klein, Alexandra M. and Kleinebecker, Till and Lange, Markus and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Nacke, Heiko and Prati, Daniel and Renner, Swen C. and Rothenw{\"o}hrer, Christoph and Schall, Peter and Schulze, Ernst-Detlef and Socher, Stephanie A. and Tscharntke, Teja and T{\"u}rke, Manfred and Weiner, Christiane N. and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Westphal, Catrin and Wolters, Volkmar and Wubet, Tesfaye and Fischer, Markus}, title = {Extensive und j{\"a}hrlich wechselnde Nutzungsintensit{\"a}t f{\"o}rdert den Artenreichtum im Gr{\"u}nland}, series = {ANLIEGEN NATUR}, volume = {38}, journal = {ANLIEGEN NATUR}, number = {1}, issn = {1864-0729}, pages = {86 -- 95}, language = {de} } @misc{NeyretLeProvostBoesingetal., author = {Neyret, Margot and Le Provost, Ga{\"e}tane and Boesing, Andrea Larissa and Schneider, Florian D. and Baulechner, Dennis and Bergmann, Joana and Vries, Franciska T. de and Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria and Geisen, Stefan and Goldmann, Kezia and Merges, Anna and Saifutdinov, Ruslan A. and Simons, Nadja K. and Tobias, Joseph A. and Zaitsev, Andrey S. and Gossner, Martin M. and Jung, Kirsten and Kandeler, Ellen and Krauss, Jochen and Penone, Caterina and Schloter, Michael and Schulz, Stefanie and Staab, Michael and Wolters, Volkmar and Apostolakis, Antonios and Birkhofer, Klaus and Boch, Steffen and Boeddinghaus, Runa S. and Bolliger, Ralph and Bonkowski, Michael and Buscot, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Dumack, Kenneth and Fischer, Markus and Gan, Huei Ying and Heinze, Johannes and H{\"o}lzel, Norbert and John, Katharina and Klaus, Valentin H. and Kleinebecker, Till and Marhan, Sven and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Renner, Swen C. and Rillig, Matthias C. and Schenk, No{\"e}lle V. and Sch{\"o}ning, Ingo and Schrumpf, Marion and Seibold, Sebastian and Socher, Stephanie A. and Solly, Emily F. and Teuscher, Miriam and Kleunen, Mark van and Wubet, Tesfaye and Manning, Peter}, title = {A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {15}, journal = {Nature Communications}, number = {1}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-45113-5}, abstract = {AbstractOrganismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for 2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a 'slow-fast' axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that 'slow' and 'fast' strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification.}, language = {en} } @misc{GossnerLewinsohnKahletal., author = {Gossner, Martin M. and Lewinsohn, Thomas M. and Kahl, Tiemo and Grasstein, Fabrice and Boch, Steffen and Prati, Daniel and Birkhofer, Klaus and Renner, Swen C. and Sikorski, Johannes and Wubet, Tesfaye}, title = {Land-use intensification causes homogenization of grassland communities across trophic levels}, series = {Nature}, volume = {540}, journal = {Nature}, number = {7632}, issn = {1476-4687}, doi = {10.1038/nature20575}, pages = {266 -- 269}, abstract = {Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss. Alongside reductions in local species diversity, biotic homogenization at larger spatial scales is of great concern for conservation. Biotic homogenization means a decrease in β-diversity (the compositional dissimilarity between sites). Most studies have investigated losses in local (α)-diversity and neglected biodiversity loss at larger spatial scales. Studies addressing β-diversity have focused on single or a few organism groups (for example, ref. 4), and it is thus unknown whether land-use intensification homogenizes communities at different trophic levels, above- and belowground. Here we show that even moderate increases in local land-use intensity (LUI) cause biotic homogenization across microbial, plant and animal groups, both above- and belowground, and that this is largely independent of changes in α-diversity. We analysed a unique grassland biodiversity dataset, with abundances of more than 4,000 species belonging to 12 trophic groups. LUI, and, in particular, high mowing intensity, had consistent effects on β-diversity across groups, causing a homogenization of soil microbial, fungal pathogen, plant and arthropod communities. These effects were nonlinear and the strongest declines in β-diversity occurred in the transition from extensively managed to intermediate intensity grassland. LUI tended to reduce local α-diversity in aboveground groups, whereas the α-diversity increased in belowground groups. Correlations between the β-diversity of different groups, particularly between plants and their consumers, became weaker at high LUI. This suggests a loss of specialist species and is further evidence for biotic homogenization. The consistently negative effects of LUI on landscape-scale biodiversity underscore the high value of extensively managed grasslands for conserving multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Indeed, biotic homogenization rather than local diversity loss could prove to be the most substantial consequence of land-use intensification.}, language = {en} } @misc{ArvidssonJonssonBirkhofer, author = {Arvidsson, Fredrik and Jonsson, Lars J. and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Geographic location, not forest type, affects the diversity of spider communities sampled with malaise traps in Sweden}, series = {Annales Zoologici Fennici}, volume = {53}, journal = {Annales Zoologici Fennici}, number = {3-4}, issn = {0003-455X}, doi = {10.5735/086.053.0410}, pages = {215 -- 227}, language = {en} } @misc{StylesBoerjessonD'Hertefeldtetal., author = {Styles, David and B{\"o}rjesson, P{\aa}l and D'Hertefeldt, Tina and Birkhofer, Klaus and Dauber, Jens and Adams, Paul and Patil, Sopan and Pagella, Tim and Petersson, Lars B. and Peck, Philip and Vaneeckhaute, C{\´e}line and Rosenqvist, H{\aa}kan}, title = {Climate regulation, energy provisioning and water purification: quantifying ecosystem service delivery of bioenergy willow grown on riparian buffer zones using life cycle assessment}, series = {Ambio}, volume = {45}, journal = {Ambio}, number = {8}, issn = {0044-744}, doi = {10.1007/s13280-016-0790-9}, pages = {872 -- 884}, language = {en} } @misc{EkroosOedmanAnderssonetal., author = {Ekroos, Johan and {\"O}dman, Anja M. and Andersson, Georg K. S. and Birkhofer, Klaus and Herbertsson, Lina and Klatt, Bj{\"o}rn B. and Olsson, Ola and Persson, Anna S. and Prentice, Honor C. and Rundl{\"o}f, Maj and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Sparing land for biodiversity at multiple spatial scales}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2015.00145}, pages = {145}, language = {en} } @misc{MaderBirkhoferFiedleretal., author = {Mader, Viktoria and Birkhofer, Klaus and Fiedler, Daniela and Thorn, Simon and Wolters, Volkmar and Diehl, Eva}, title = {Land-use at different spatial scales alters the functional role of web-building spiders in arthropod food webs}, series = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment}, volume = {219}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment}, issn = {0167-8809}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.017}, pages = {152 -- 162}, language = {en} } @misc{HansonPalmuBirkhoferetal., author = {Hanson, Helena I. and Palmu, Erkki and Birkhofer, Klaus and Smith, Henrik G. and Hedlund, Katarina}, title = {Agricultural land use determines the trait composition of ground beetle communities}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {11}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {1}, issn = {1932-6203}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0146329}, pages = {e0146329}, language = {en} } @misc{SoliveresBirkhofer, author = {Soliveres, Santiago and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality}, series = {Philosophical Transactions B, Biological sciences}, volume = {371}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions B, Biological sciences}, number = {1694}, issn = {0080-4622}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.2015.0269}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferDiekoetterMeubetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Meub, Christiane and St{\"o}tzel, Kathrin and Wolters, Volkmar}, title = {Optimizing arthropod predator conservation in permanent grasslands by considering diversity components beyond species richness}, series = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment}, volume = {211}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment}, issn = {0167-8809}, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2015.05.014}, pages = {65 -- 72}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferDiehlAnderssonetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Diehl, Eva and Andersson, Jesper and Ekroos, Johan and Fr{\"u}h-M{\"u}ller, Andrea and Machnikowski, Franziska and Mader, Viktoria and Nilsson, Lovisa and Sasaki, Keiko and Rundl{\"o}f, Maj and Wolters, Volkmar and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Ecosystem services - current challenges and opportunities for ecological research}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {2}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2014.00087}, pages = {35}, language = {en} } @misc{SoliveresBirkhofer, author = {Soliveres, Santiago and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality}, series = {Nature}, volume = {536}, journal = {Nature}, number = {7617}, issn = {0028-0836}, doi = {10.1038/nature19092}, pages = {456 -- 459}, language = {en} } @misc{DiekoetterWamserDoerneretal., author = {Diek{\"o}tter, Tim and Wamser, Sabine and D{\"o}rner, Tanja and Wolters, Volkmar and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Organic farming affects the potential of a granivorous carabid beetle to control arable weeds at local and landscape scales}, series = {Agricultural and Forest Entomology}, volume = {18}, journal = {Agricultural and Forest Entomology}, number = {2}, issn = {1461-9563}, doi = {10.1111/afe.12150}, pages = {167 -- 173}, language = {en} } @misc{RundloefSmithBirkhofer, author = {Rundl{\"o}f, Maj and Smith, Henrik G. and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Effects of organic farming on biodiversity}, series = {eLS - Wiley Online Library}, journal = {eLS - Wiley Online Library}, doi = {10.1002/9780470015902.a0026342}, pages = {1 -- 7}, abstract = {Changes in farming practices over the past century have had negative influence on farmland biodiversity. Organic farming excludes most agrochemicals, such as inorganic fertilisers and synthetic pesticides, and can be an alternative to conventional farming. A recent meta-analysis indicates that there is on average 30\% higher species richness on organically managed farmland compared to conventionally managed farmland. There are, however, large variation between organism groups, with a positive influence on plants and pollinators and possibly predators and birds, but less influence on and insufficient knowledge for other groups. Using more formal experimental design, focusing on understudied organism groups and aspects of biodiversity, such as genetic and ecosystem diversity, and evaluating effects on rare species would advance our knowledge. The yield reduction under organic farming, resulting in more land needed to produce the same amount, could offset some of the biodiversity benefits of organic farming.}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferArvidssonEhlersetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Arvidsson, Fredrik and Ehlers, D. and Mader, Viktoria and Bengtsson, Janne and Smith, Henrik G.}, title = {Landscape complexity and organic farming independently affect the biological control of hemipteran pests and yields in spring barley}, series = {Landscape Ecology}, volume = {31}, journal = {Landscape Ecology}, number = {3}, issn = {0921-2973}, doi = {10.1007/s10980-015-0263-8}, pages = {567 -- 579}, language = {en} } @misc{BirkhoferDietrichJohnetal., author = {Birkhofer, Klaus and Dietrich, Christoph and John, Katharina and Schorpp, Quentin and Zaitsev, Andrey S. and Wolters, Volkmar}, title = {Regional conditions and land-use alter the contribution of soil arthropos to ecosystem services in grasslands. Frontiers in Agroecology and Land-Use Systems}, series = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution}, issn = {2296-701X}, doi = {10.3389/fevo.2015.00150}, pages = {150}, language = {en} } @misc{SeredaWoltersBirkhofer, author = {Sereda, Elvira and Wolters, Volkmar and Birkhofer, Klaus}, title = {Addition of crop residues affects a detritus-based food chain depending on litter type and farming system}, series = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, volume = {16}, journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, number = {8}, issn = {1439-1791}, doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2015.07.005}, pages = {746 -- 754}, language = {en} } @misc{HinesPuttenDeynetal., author = {Hines, Jes and Putten, Wim H. van der and Deyn, Gerlinde B. de and Wagg, Cameron and Voigt, Winfried and Mulder, Christian and Weisser, Wolfgang W. and Engel, Jan and Melian, Carlos and Scheu, Stefan and Birkhofer, Klaus and Ebeling, Anne and Scherber, Christoph and Eisenhauer, Nico}, title = {Towards an integration of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning and food web theory to evaluate relationships between multiple ecosystem services}, series = {Advances in Ecological Research}, volume = {53}, journal = {Advances in Ecological Research}, issn = {0065-2504}, doi = {10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.09.001}, pages = {161 -- 199}, language = {en} } @misc{RuschBirkhoferBommarcoetal., author = {Rusch, Adrien and Birkhofer, Klaus and Bommarco, Riccardo and Smith, Henrik G. and Ekbom, Barbara}, title = {Predator body sizes and habitat preferences predict predation rates in an agroecosystem}, series = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, volume = {16}, journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology}, number = {3}, issn = {1439-1791}, doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2015.02.003}, pages = {250 -- 259}, language = {en} }