@incollection{BilzLenzMelzer, author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Lenz, Karl and Melzer, Wolfgang}, title = {Gewalt in Familie und Schule}, series = {Handbuch Kindheits- und Jugendforschung}, booktitle = {Handbuch Kindheits- und Jugendforschung}, editor = {Kr{\"u}ger, Heinz-Hermann and Grunert, Cathleen and Ludwig, Katja}, edition = {3. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-24801-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-24801-7_53-1}, pages = {1 -- 43}, abstract = {Dieser Beitrag besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit Gewaltph{\"a}nomenen in den zwei zentralen Sozialisationsinstanzen des Kindes- und Jugendalters: der Familie und der Schule. Es werden zentrale Entwicklungslinien und Ergebnisse der Forschung zur familialen und schulischen Gewalt vorgestellt, wobei ein Schwerpunkt auf die deutschsprachige Forschung gelegt wird. Eingegangen wird auf die zentralen Gewaltformen, ihre Verbreitung, Ursachen und Folgen sowie auf Strategien der Pr{\"a}vention und Intervention.}, language = {de} } @incollection{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Psychische Gesundheit als Ziel schulischer Bildung}, series = {Gesundheitsdidaktik}, booktitle = {Gesundheitsdidaktik}, editor = {Goldfriedrich, Martin and Hurrelmann, Klaus}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Beltz Juventa}, address = {Weinheim}, isbn = {978-3-7799-6371-4}, pages = {203 -- 215}, abstract = {Der psychischen Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine verst{\"a}rkte Aufmerksamkeit zuteil geworden. Immer deutlicher zeichnet sich ab, dass auch diese Altersgruppe von Einschr{\"a}nkungen der psychischen Gesundheit nicht ausgenommen ist und dass psychische Probleme im Kindes- und Jugendalter eine hohe Vorhersagekraft f{\"u}r psychische Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter haben. Gleichzeitig verf{\"u}gen wir {\"u}ber einen immer breiter werdenden Erkenntnisstand zur Bedeutung des psychischen Wohlbefindens von Kindern und Jugendlichen f{\"u}r ihre gesunde Entwicklung, ihren schulischen Erfolg und f{\"u}r ihre soziale Teilhabe. Fr{\"u}hzeitig geriet in diesem Zusammenhang auch die Lebenswelt Schule in das Blickfeld. Es wurden schulbezogene Ressourcen und Risikofaktoren f{\"u}r die psychische Gesundheit untersucht und auf dieser Grundlage Maßnahmen und Programme zur schulbasierten F{\"o}rderung der psychischen Gesundheit entwickelt, evaluiert und punktuell auch an Schulen implementiert. Vergleichsweise neu - vor allem im deutschsprachigen Raum - ist die Idee, das Thema psychische Gesundheit nicht nur im Rahmen zeitlich befristeter Projekte oder Pr{\"a}ventionsprogramme an Schulen heranzutragen, sondern diesbez{\"u}gliche Kompetenzen regul{\"a}r zum Gegenstand von schulischen Bildungsprozessen zu machen, entweder f{\"a}cher{\"u}bergreifend oder gar im Rahmen eines eigenen Schulfaches Gesundheit. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, die Notwendigkeit einer st{\"a}rkeren Verankerung psychischer Gesundheitsbildung in der Schule zu untersuchen, bereits vorliegende Erkenntnisse zusammenzutragen, m{\"o}gliche Ziele, Konzepte und Inhalte einer Gesundheitsbildung im Bereich der psychischen Gesundheit zu analysieren und auf Herausforderungen hinzuweisen.}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerSchubarthBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Schubarth, Wilfried and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Wie k{\"o}nnen Lehrkr{\"a}fte zur Reduzierung von Mobbing beitragen? Interventionsmaßnahmen und Interventionskompetenzen von Lehrkr{\"a}ften}, series = {Schulverwaltung aktuell. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Schulentwicklung und Schulmanagement}, volume = {9}, journal = {Schulverwaltung aktuell. Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Schulentwicklung und Schulmanagement}, number = {2}, issn = {2195-335X}, pages = {39 -- 41}, abstract = {Obwohl seit vielen Jahr bekannt ist, dass Lehrkr{\"a}fte f{\"u}r die Reduzierung von Mobbing wichtig sind, bestehen insbesondere in der deutschsprachigen Mobbingforschung viele L{\"u}cken zu der Frage, wie Lehrkr{\"a}fte bei Mobbing eingreifen und was sie brauchen, um erfolgreich intervenieren zu k{\"o}nnen. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den aktuellen Stand der Forschung.}, language = {de} } @misc{BurkhardtHoppeHerfurthJohnetal., author = {Burkhardt, Birgit and Hoppe-Herfurth, Anne-Cathrin and John, Nancy and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung f{\"u}r Lehrkr{\"a}fte - Inanspruchnahme von gesundheitsf{\"o}rderlichen Maßnahmen im Setting Schule}, series = {Das Gesundheitswesen}, volume = {83}, journal = {Das Gesundheitswesen}, issn = {0941-3790}, doi = {10.1055/a-1386-4252}, abstract = {Ziel der Studie. Die Studie untersucht die Inanspruchnahme von gesundheitsf{\"o}rderlichen Maßnahmen durch Lehrkr{\"a}fte und die empfundene Passung zwischen Angebot und subjektivem Bedarf. Methodik. Im Schuljahr 2017/18 wurden mittels Fragebogen Daten von 830 Lehrkr{\"a}fte an allen allgemeinbildenden Schulformen des Landes Brandenburg zu ihrer Inanspruchnahme, dem Angebot und dem Bedarf erhoben. Ergebnisse. 81,3 \% der Lehrkr{\"a}fte haben in den letzten 24 Monaten eine oder mehrere gesundheitsf{\"o}rderliche Maßnahme(n) in Anspruch genommen. Es fanden sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede bez{\"u}glich des Alters, des Geschlechts, der Schulform und der Tr{\"a}gerschaft. F{\"u}r die meisten Bereiche der Gesundheitsf{\"o}rderung gaben die Lehrkr{\"a}fte einen deutlich h{\"o}heren subjektiven Bedarf im Vergleich zum wahrgenommenen Angebot an, wobei ein besonders hoher Bedarf f{\"u}r Maßnahmen der individuellen Verhaltenspr{\"a}vention und der Schulraumgestaltung besteht. Schlussfolgerungen. Bei der Implementierung von Pr{\"a}ventionsmaßnahmen sollte die Passung zwischen Angebot und subjektivem Bedarf aus Sicht der Lehrkr{\"a}fte st{\"a}rker als bisher ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden.}, language = {de} } @misc{KrauseBallaschkSchulzeReicheltetal., author = {Krause, Norman and Ballaschk, Cindy and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Schubarth, Wilfried and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {„Ich lass mich da nicht klein machen!" Eine qualitative Studie zur Bew{\"a}ltigung von Hatespeech durch Sch{\"u}ler/innen}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung}, volume = {11}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung}, issn = {2190-6904}, doi = {10.1007/s35834-021-00291-w}, pages = {169 -- 185}, abstract = {Von Hass und Hetze gepr{\"a}gte Kommunikationsformen im Internet stehen seit einigen Jahren im Fokus der {\"o}ffentlichen Aufmerksamkeit. Kaum beachtet wurden bisher jedoch die Fragen, ob sich solche als Hatespeech bezeichneten Ausdrucksweisen auch in der Schule zeigen und wie Sch{\"u}ler/innen derartige Vorf{\"a}lle bewerten und bew{\"a}ltigen. Um Antworten auf diese Fragen zu finden, wurden 21 leitfadengest{\"u}tzte, episodische Interviews (nach Flick) mit Jugendlichen aus Berlin und Brandenburg zu ihren Erfahrungen und Bew{\"a}ltigungsstrategien in Bezug auf Hatespeech im schulischen Kontext ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass Hatespeech-Erfahrungen von Sch{\"u}ler/innen als belastend wahrgenommen und die eigenen Potenziale zur Bew{\"a}ltigung individuell und situativ unterschiedlich bewertet werden. Insbesondere die subjektive Beeinflussbarkeit bzw. Kontrollierbarkeit des stressausl{\"o}senden Hatespeech-Vorfalls sowie die soziale Unterst{\"u}tzung im Setting der Schulklasse scheinen sich auf die Bew{\"a}ltigung auszuwirken. Die berichteten Bew{\"a}ltigungsstrategien lassen sich, dem Transaktionalen Stressmodell entsprechend, in emotionsfokussiert (Einbezug sozialer Unterst{\"u}tzung, Verdr{\"a}ngung und Vermeidung) und problemfokussiert (aktives Ignorieren und Counterspeech) kategorisieren. Die Ergebnisse st{\"u}tzen Forderungen nach Pr{\"a}ventionsarbeit in Schulen. Sch{\"u}ler/innen sollten dabei als Expert/innen der Lebenswelt Schule einbezogen werden. Außerdem scheinen Maßnahmen zur St{\"a}rkung sozialer und personaler Ressourcen sinnvoll zu sein, um konstruktive Bew{\"a}ltigungsstrategien zu erm{\"o}glichen. Zur Konkretisierung und Quantifizierung der Forschungsergebnisse ist weitere Forschung notwendig.}, language = {de} } @incollection{WachsSchubarthKrauseetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Schubarth, Wilfried and Krause, Norman and Ballaschk, Cindy and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Hate Speech als Herausforderung f{\"u}r Schule und Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung}, series = {Hate Speech - Multidisziplin{\"a}re Analysen und Handlungsoptionen. Theoretische und empirische Ann{\"a}herungen an ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Ph{\"a}nomen}, booktitle = {Hate Speech - Multidisziplin{\"a}re Analysen und Handlungsoptionen. Theoretische und empirische Ann{\"a}herungen an ein interdisziplin{\"a}res Ph{\"a}nomen}, editor = {Wachs, Sebastian and Koch-Priewe, Barbara and Zick, Andreas}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {Springer VS}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-31792-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-31793-5_12}, pages = {279 -- 297}, abstract = {Hate Speech betrifft die Lebenswelt von Kindern und Jugendlichen in einem erheblichen Maße. Deshalb sind auch Schulen und Lehrkr{\"a}fte mit dem Ph{\"a}nomen zunehmend konfrontiert. Der Bildungs- und Erziehungsauftrag der Schule erfordert eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit rassistischen und menschenverachtenden Positionen. Um diesem Auftrag gerecht zu werden, bedarf es beim Umgang mit Hate Speech vermehrter Anstrengungen in Schule und Lehrkr{\"a}ftebildung. Erste Leitlinien und Perspektiven zeichnen sich schon heute ab.}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerWoodsBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Woods, Heather A. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Class teachers' bullying-related self-efficacy and their students' bullying victimization, bullying perpetration, and combined victimization and perpetration}, series = {Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment \& Trauma}, journal = {Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment \& Trauma}, issn = {1092-6771}, doi = {10.1080/10926771.2021.1933290}, pages = {20}, abstract = {Teachers' responses to incidents of bullying among students can be important for bullying dynamics. Theoretical models of teachers' intervention competence and the theory of planned behavior suggest that teachers' bullying intervention self-efficacy may be associated with teachers' responses to bullying and students' bullying behavior and bullying victimization experiences. Several studies report an association between teachers' self-efficacy and their intervention behavior in incidents of bullying. However, the possible association with student bullying perpetration has rarely been examined so far. The current study explores the association between class teachers' self-efficacy and students' bullying victimization, perpetration, and combined bully-victim behavior in a sample of 2,071 students and their 93 class teachers in Germany. The results suggest an association between class teachers' self-efficacy and students' perpetration behavior. The higher teachers' bullying intervention self-efficacy, the fewer students seem to bully other students. In contrast, teachers' self-efficacy was not associated with students' victimization experiences and students' bully-victim behavior. Possible underlying mechanisms, as well as limitations of the present results, are discussed. Further research is needed to substantiate the findings.}, language = {en} } @misc{BallaschkWachsKrauseetal., author = {Ballaschk, Cindy and Wachs, Sebastian and Krause, Norman and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {„Dann machen halt alle mit." Eine qualitative Studie zu Beweggr{\"u}nden und Motiven f{\"u}r Hatespeech unter Sch{\"u}ler*innen}, series = {Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung}, volume = {16}, journal = {Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung}, number = {4}, issn = {1862-5002}, doi = {10.3224/diskurs.v16i4.01}, pages = {18}, abstract = {Das Thema Hatespeech r{\"u}ckt immer mehr in den Fokus der {\"O}ffentlichkeit und der Forschung. Im Gegensatz zu Hatespeech im Internet wird jedoch Hatespeech unter Jugendlichen, die von Angesicht zu Angesicht im Schulkontext ausge{\"u}bt wird, kaum beachtet. Hier setzt die vorliegende Studie an, in der Sch{\"u}ler*innen (n = 55), Lehrkr{\"a}fte (n = 18) und Sozialp{\"a}dagog*innen (n =16) auf der Basis leitfadengest{\"u}tzter Interviews dazu befragt wurden, was m{\"o}gliche Beweggr{\"u}nde und Motive daf{\"u}r sind, dass Sch{\"u}ler*innen Hatespeech in der Lebenswelt Schule und online aus{\"u}ben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass m{\"o}gliche Beweggr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r Hatespeech Angst vor Statusverlust, Gruppendruck, Provokation, Spaß, politisch-ideologische {\"U}berzeugung und Kompensation von Frust- und Minderwertigkeitsgef{\"u}hlen sind. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird verdeutlicht, dass sich hinter diesen Gr{\"u}nden f{\"u}r Hatespeech oftmals Grundmotive nach Macht und Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit abzeichnen. Die Ergebnisse werden in Bezug auf anschließende Forschung und praktische Implikationen diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @misc{ZeissigMoellerBilz, author = {Zeißig, Anke and M{\"o}ller, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Scoping Review: Langeweile und Kreativit{\"a}t - Gegensatz oder Zusammenhang?}, series = {Tagung der Fachgruppe P{\"a}dagogische Psychologie}, journal = {Tagung der Fachgruppe P{\"a}dagogische Psychologie}, publisher = {P{\"a}dagogische Hochschule Heidelberg}, address = {Heidelberg}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Mobbing und Cybermobbing bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland - Querschnittergebnisse der HBSC-Studie 2017/2018 und Trends}, series = {DGMP/DGMS Kongress 2021 - Psychosoziale Medizin in Zeiten des Umbruchs}, journal = {DGMP/DGMS Kongress 2021 - Psychosoziale Medizin in Zeiten des Umbruchs}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf}, address = {Hamburg}, abstract = {Mobbing ist eine spezifische Form der Gewalt, die mit vielf{\"a}ltigen und langfristigen negativen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen einhergehen kann. Obwohl eine starke mediale Fokussierung insbesondere auf Cybermobbing zu beobachten ist, liegen nur wenige repr{\"a}sentative Befunde zur H{\"a}ufigkeit von (Cyber-)Mobbing in Deutschland vor. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, wie verbreitet Mobbing und Cybermobbing an Schulen in Deutschland ist, welche Unterschiede zwischen M{\"a}dchen und Jungen, verschiedenen Altersgruppen und Schulformen vorliegen und wie sich die Verbreitung von Mobbing von 2002 bis 2018 entwickelt hat. Dazu werden Daten der deutschen Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)-Studie 2017/2018 (N = 4.347 Lernende, 53,0 \% weiblich) sowie der vorangegangenen Erhebungswellen analysiert. Jungen {\"u}bten 2018 insgesamt mehr Mobbing aus als M{\"a}dchen, wurden aber genauso h{\"a}ufig wie M{\"a}dchen gemobbt. 15-J{\"a}hrige mobbten andere h{\"a}ufiger als 11- und 13-J{\"a}hrige, wurden aber seltener selbst gemobbt. Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler an Gymnasien waren am seltensten in Mobbing involviert. Nur wenige Kinder und Jugendliche berichteten von Cybermobbing. Im Vergleich zu allen vorherigen Erhebungsjahren berichteten 2018 die wenigsten Heranwachsenden davon, andere zu mobben. Die H{\"a}ufigkeit der Erfahrung, gemobbt zu werden, hat sich dagegen kaum ver{\"a}ndert. Die Befunde verdeutlichen die Notwendigkeit pr{\"a}ventiver Anti-Mobbing-Bem{\"u}hungen und von Interventionsmaßnahmen an allen allgemeinbildenden Schulformen.}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Interventionskompetenzen von Lehrkr{\"a}ften bei Mobbing: Der Stellenwert der motivationalen Orientierung}, series = {Tagung der Fachgruppe P{\"a}dagogische Psychologie}, journal = {Tagung der Fachgruppe P{\"a}dagogische Psychologie}, publisher = {P{\"a}dagogische Hochschule Heidelberg}, address = {Heidelberg}, language = {de} } @misc{HoppeHerfurthBurkhardtJohnetal., author = {Hoppe-Herfurth, Anne-Cathrin and Burkhardt, Birgit and John, Nancy and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Two aspects of health literacy and their importance for the use of health-promotion measures by teachers in the school setting}, series = {Health Education}, journal = {Health Education}, number = {6}, publisher = {Vol. 121}, issn = {0965-4283}, doi = {10.1108/HE-06-2021-0091}, pages = {554 -- 568}, abstract = {Purpose. Teachers are exposed to many stressors. Compared to other occupational groups, they are more frequently affected by psychosomatic complaints. In recent decades, numerous prevention and intervention measures for promoting health have been developed and implemented for this target group. However, it remains unclear how the uptake of health-promotion measures (HPMs) by teachers can be increased in order to prevent stress-related disorders. This paper examines two facets of health literacy—health awareness and health value—in terms of their importance in both the take-up and intended take-up of HPMs. Design/methodology/approach. In the 2017/2018 school year, data were collected by paper and pencil from a representative sample of 830 teachers across all school types in the German State of Brandenburg. Findings. Teachers who place great value on their own health show significantly higher levels of take-up and intended take-up of HPMs. The findings regarding health awareness are more heterogeneous. Further associations were found with age and psychosocial stress. Originality/value. While there has been growing academic interest in developing HPMs for teachers, there has been relatively little focus on the factors that may influence the implementation and uptake of these measures. The paper contributes to addressing this gap by shedding light on the relevance of two facets of health literacy. Strengthening the perceived importance of health could be a starting point for increasing the use of HPMs by teachers and thus improving their health.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Teachers' motivational orientations: Associations between teachers' self-efficacy, self-regulation, empathy, and interventions in bullying}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2021}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2021}, address = {Stockholm}, abstract = {Introduction Teachers must have sufficient intervention competence to intervene successfully in bullying situations. In addition to knowledge and beliefs, motivational orientations are considered important components in teacher competence models (Kunter et al., 2013). Motivation can include all aspects that influence if, with which intensity, and how people act. In the context of bullying intervention, this includes self-efficacy, empathy, and self-regulation. However, while self-efficacy is one of the most investigated motivational aspects of teachers (Fischer et al., 2020; Kunter, 2013, Lauermann et al., 2020), the other aspects - self-regulation and empathy - have only been seldomly investigated in the context of student bullying (Berkovich, 2020; Fischer \& Bilz, 2019). Method Based on findings from published single studies as well as unpublished analyses, the associations between teachers' motivational orientations (self-efficacy, self-regulation, empathy) and their likelihood of intervention (reported by teachers and students) as well as their students' bullying experiences (as bullies, victims, and bully-victims) will be presented. All analyses are based on a study that was conducted in Germany with more than 2,000 students and 556 teachers at 24 schools. Teachers' likelihood of intervention was assessed in bullying situations that have been reported retrospectively by students and teachers. Logistic regression analyses (multilevel analyses when appropriate) have been conducted. Results Findings show that teachers' self-efficacy was associated with teachers' likelihood of intervention from the teachers' perspectives. Also, students whose teachers reported higher self-efficacy and a higher tendency to reflect their behaviours thoroughly and choose wisely (a component of self-regulation) reported fewer bullying experiences. The students' perspective on the teachers' likelihood of intervention was associated with experiences as bullies, bullied, and bully-victims, but could not be explained by teachers' motivational orientations. Conclusion Possible underlying pathways and areas requiring further research as well as practical and theoretical implications will be discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheBallaschkKrauseetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Ballaschk, Cindy and Krause, Norman and Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Zeißig, Anke and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {A systematic review on hate speech among children and adolescents: Definitions, frequencies and overlap with bullying}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2021, Stockholm}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2021, Stockholm}, address = {Stockholm}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.10336.61448}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Hate speech is unequivocally seen as harmful to individuals and communities (United Nations, 2019), but little is yet known about the current state of research on the frequency of hate speech among children and adolescents. Evidence suggests that definitional ambiguities of hate speech exist in academic research (e.g., Brown, 2017). But without a precise theoretical definition of hate speech, standardized assessment methods and the ability to soundly differentiate it from related phenomena, empirical research may lack validity and comparability. For research on children and adolescents in particular, hate speech needs to be differentiated from bullying (e.g., Lehmann, 2019). In a systematic review, we thus identified and systematized empirical studies on hate speech.}, language = {en} } @misc{WachsWettsteinBilzetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig and Krause, Norman and Ballaschk, Cindy and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wright, Michelle F.}, title = {Playing by the Rules? An Investigation of the Relationship Between Social Norms and Adolescents' Hate Speech Perpetration in Schools}, series = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence}, volume = {37}, journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence}, number = {21-22}, issn = {0886-2605}, doi = {10.1177/08862605211056032}, pages = {21143 -- 21164}, abstract = {Hate speech is often discussed and investigated as an online phenomenon, while hate speech among adolescents in the real world (e.g., in schools) has rarely been researched. Consequently, not much is known about potential interpersonal correlates and theoretical frameworks that might help us better understand why adolescents engage in hate speech in offline environments. To add to the literature, this study investigates hate speech perpetration among young people by utilizing the Social Cognitive Theory; more specifically, the association between witnessing and perpetrating hate speech in schools, and whether this relation is weakened or strengthened by anti-hate speech injunctive norms and deviant peer pressure. The sample consists of 1719 young people (45.1\% boys, 53.6\% girls, 1.3\% gender diverse) between 11 and 18 years old (Mage = 13.96; SD = .98) from 22 schools in Switzerland. Self-report questionnaires were administered to measure hate speech involvement and adolescents' perception of social norms (i.e., anti-hate speech injunctive norms and deviant peer pressure). Multilevel regression analyses revealed that witnessing and perpetrating hate speech were positively associated. Moreover, injunctive anti-hate speech norms were negatively related and deviant peer pressure positively related to hate speech perpetration. Finally, increasing levels of injunctive anti-hate speech norms weakened the relation between witnessing and perpetrating hate speech, whereas higher levels of deviant peer pressure strengthened this association. The findings demonstrate that the Social Cognitive Theory is a useful framework for understanding hate speech perpetration in schools. The results also highlight the importance of taking into account social norms and interpersonal relationships (e.g., within the class) when designing anti-hate speech prevention programs and not focusing solely on intrapersonal factors.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerBilzWachs, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Teachers' empathy and the likelihood that they will intervene in bullying: Differences between students' and teachers' perspectives}, series = {Bullying Research Symposium 2020}, journal = {Bullying Research Symposium 2020}, abstract = {Teachers play a crucial role in bullying interventions. Recent research has suggested that empathy is particularly important for this. But two important limitations arise. Firstly, all of these findings are based on artificial bullying scenarios presented in vignettes. Secondly, the likelihood that teachers will intervene is assessed solely from the teacher's perspective. Based on data from 2,071 German students and their 93 teachers, the connection between teachers' self-reported empathy and the likelihood that they will intervene in bullying was assessed using a bullying vignette as well as a retrospectively reported bullying situation that had been experienced by the teachers or the students in question. The associations were analysed in multilevel regression models from the teachers' and the students' perspective. Results showed that teachers who are more empathic are more likely to report that they would intervene in a hypothetical relational bullying situation. However, this finding could not be replicated when using real, remembered bullying situations. In addition, when based on students' perspectives, no significant associations between teachers' empathy and their actual or intended intervention behaviour were found. In this presentation we will discuss implications for the validity of existing research and for future research.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerJohnBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and John, Nancy and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Teachers' bullying-related self-efficacy: A systematic review on connections to bullying interventions}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2019}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2019}, address = {Dublin}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Recent research indicates that teacher self-efficacy as a belief to have enough capabilities to accomplish a given task successfully (Bandura, 1994) is an important competence for successful bullying prevention and intervention (e.g., Boulton, 2014; Bradshaw, Sawyer \& O'Brennan, 2007; Yoon \& Bauman, 2014). But studies vary concerning the definition and specificity of self-efficacy and concerning the samples used. Therefore, the findings differ greatly. Empirical studies on teacher self-efficacy in the context of student bullying were searched in relevant databases. 36 relevant publications were identified in a multi-staged process. Quality criteria were adapted from the Cochrane Collaboration. Most publications report consistently that teachers feel not very confident in dealing with bullying in general and feel least confident when dealing with cyberbullying. Results on differences according to gender, work experience and school type are very heterogeneous. Consistent findings are reported concerning the likelihood of intervention: Teachers who are more confident are more likely to intervene in bullying. But no consistent findings arise for the choice of specific intervention strategies. The heterogeneity of the findings can be explained by different types of self-efficacy, by differences in the measures, and by different educational contexts. In the presentation, this information will be combined to understand differences better and to integrate the existing results. Results indicate that the more specific self-efficacy is assessed, the more connections between self-efficacy and bullying interventions can be found.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Bullying among students in the context of staff conflicts and class climate: Are there spillover effects?}, series = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2017}, journal = {World Anti-Bullying Forum 2017}, address = {Stockholm}, abstract = {Bullying is a prevalent aggressive behavior with severe negative social and health consequences. It emerges from complex social interactions (Saarento, Garandeau, \& Salmivalli, 2015). To understand the causes of bullying, different levels of the school environment and their interactions need to be considered. Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory is an appropriate model for this (see figure 1). From analyses of children's behaviors in the family context, spillover effects are known (e.g., Lux \& Hudecek, 2015). Similar patterns may occur in schools: Conflicts at the staff level may serve as negative role models, may reduce teachers' alliance and cooperation, and limit long-term interventions. These long-term interventions are especially important in reducing bullying (Bilz, Schubarth, Dudziak, Fischer, Niproschke, \& Ulbricht, in press). Following the assumption of reciprocity, the occurrence of bullying may, at the same time, work as a stressor and increase staff conflicts. Connections between bullying occurrence and class climate are already known in the literature (Saarento et al., 2015), but have not yet been analyzed with staff conflicts simultaneously. Cross-sectional data of 556 teachers and 2,071 students will be analyzed as individual data and as aggregated data using multilevel structure equation modeling. Analyses are not finished yet, but will be presented and discussed at the conference presentation.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Professionswissen und Lehrerhandeln in realen Mobbingsituationen}, series = {Tagung der AEPF in Rostock (18.-21.09.2016)}, journal = {Tagung der AEPF in Rostock (18.-21.09.2016)}, address = {Rostock}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.33063.14240}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Handeln oder Abw{\"a}gen? Die Bedeutung der Selbstregulation f{\"u}r das Interventionshandeln von Lehrkr{\"a}ften bei Gewalt und Mobbing}, series = {25. DGfE-Kongress}, journal = {25. DGfE-Kongress}, publisher = {TransferZentrum f{\"u}r Neurowissenschaften und Lernen}, address = {Kassel}, pages = {41}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Selbstregulative Kompetenzen von Lehrkr{\"a}ften beim Umgang mit Mobbing}, series = {80. AEPF-Tagung}, journal = {80. AEPF-Tagung}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, pages = {104}, language = {de} } @misc{WachsWettsteinBilzetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig and G{\´a}mez-Guadix, Manuel}, title = {Adolescents' motivations to perpetrate hate speech and links with social norms}, series = {Comunicar - Media Education Research Journal}, volume = {71}, journal = {Comunicar - Media Education Research Journal}, number = {2}, issn = {1134-3478}, doi = {10.3916/C71-2022-01}, abstract = {Hate speech has become a widespread phenomenon, however, it remains largely unclear why adolescents engage in it and which factors are associated with their motivations for perpetrating hate speech. To this end, we developed the multidimensional "Motivations for Hate Speech Perpetration Scale" (MHATE) and evaluated the psychometric properties. We also explored the associations between social norms and adolescents' motivations for hate speech perpetration. The sample consisted of 346 adolescents from Switzerland (54.6\% boys; Mage=14; SD=0.96) who reported engagement in hate speech as perpetrators. The analyses revealed good psychometric properties for the MHATE, including good internal consistency. The most frequently endorsed subscale was revenge, followed by ideology, group conformity, status enhancement, exhilaration, and power. The results also showed that descriptive norms and peer pressure were related to a wide range of different motivations for perpetrating hate speech. Injunctive norms, however, were only associated with power. In conclusion, findings indicate that hate speech fulfills various functions. We argue that knowing the specific motivations that underlie hate speech could help us derive individually tailored prevention strategies (e.g., anger management, promoting an inclusive classroom climate). Furthermore, we suggest that practitioners working in the field of hate speech prevention give special attention to social norms surrounding adolescents.}, language = {en} } @misc{WachsBilzWettsteinetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Wettstein, Alexander and Wright, Michelle F. and Krause, Norman and Ballaschk, Cindy and Kansok-Dusche, Julia}, title = {The Online Hate Speech Cycle of Violence: Moderating Effects of Moral Disengagement and Empathy in the Victim-to-Perpetrator Relationship}, series = {Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking}, volume = {25}, journal = {Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking}, number = {4}, issn = {2152-2715}, doi = {10.1089/cyber.2021.0159}, pages = {223 -- 229}, abstract = {Adolescents around the globe are increasingly exposed to online hate speech (OHS). And yet little is known about the varying roles of involvement and the determinants of adolescents' hate speech perpetration. Building on previous research, this study aims to test the cycle of violence hypothesis for OHS and to analyze whether moral disengagement (MD) and empathy moderate the victim-to-perpetrator relationship. The sample consists of 3,560 seventh to ninth graders (52.1 percent girls), recruited from 40 schools across Germany and Switzerland. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess OHS involvement, MD, and empathy. Multilevel analyses revealed that victims of OHS were more likely to report OHS perpetration. In addition, victims of OHS were more likely to report OHS perpetration when they reported higher levels of MD than those with lower levels of MD. Finally, victims of OHS were less likely to report OHS perpetration when they reported higher levels of empathy than those with lower levels of empathy. The findings extend the cycle of violence hypothesis to OHS and highlight the need to address MD and empathy in hate speech prevention. Implications for future research will be discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{LovisSchmidtBilzPahlkeetal., author = {Lovis-Schmidt, Avelina and Bilz, Ludwig and Pahlke, Kyra and Rindermann, Heiner}, title = {Physical Health Complaints in Adolescents: Findings From the 2018 Brandenburg HBSC Study}, series = {European Journal of Health Psychology}, volume = {29}, journal = {European Journal of Health Psychology}, number = {3}, issn = {2512-8442}, doi = {10.1027/2512-8442/a000090}, pages = {121 -- 133}, abstract = {Some of the physical health complaints adolescents have, such as headaches and stomachaches, cannot be explained on a somatic level. It is unclear which psychological factors can explain these complaints: stress and social support are often discussed, but emotions rarely are. Aims: This cross-sectional study aims to use social support, stress, the tendency toward negative emotions, and health behaviors to predict physical health complaints in adolescents. Method: The 2018 HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) data from the German state of Brandenburg was analyzed via structural equation and path modeling (N = 3,068, age M = 13.05). Results: Results showed that the tendency toward negative emotions seems to be a better predictor for health complaints (β = .35) than stress (β = .17), and even better suited than social support (β = -.08) or health behavior (β = -.06 to β = .16). In the analysis of specific emotions (anger, sadness, and fear), correlations were low and between sadness and complaints they were highest (average β = .19). Limitations: The present cross-sectional study could not examine long-term outcomes. In addition, the results are limited to only a few physical complaints. Future long-term studies should examine multiple disease symptoms in adolescence. Conclusion: The investigated tendency toward negative emotions demonstrated promising results to better understand the relationship between psychological factors and physical health complaints. As negative emotions were particularly important in predicting physical health, prevention programs for adolescents should focus on dealing with negative emotions to improve their health.}, language = {en} } @misc{WettsteinCastellanosBilzetal., author = {Wettstein, Alexander and Castellanos, Melisa and Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Die Verbreitung von Hatespeech an Schulen in Deutschland und der Schweiz aus Sch{\"u}ler:innen- und Lehrer:innenperspektive}, series = {Bildung im digitalen Wandel. 9. GEBF-Tagung Bamberg}, journal = {Bildung im digitalen Wandel. 9. GEBF-Tagung Bamberg}, publisher = {Otto-Friedrich-Universit{\"a}t Bamberg}, address = {Bamberg}, pages = {78}, language = {de} } @misc{KrauseWachsBilzetal., author = {Krause, Norman and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {„Ich glaube, es gibt auch einige Kollegen, die es sich nicht zutrauen". Eine qualitative Studie zu Gr{\"u}nden aus- bleibender Intervention p{\"a}dagogischen Schulpersonals bei Hatespeech unter Sch{\"u}ler:innen}, series = {Bildung im digitalen Wandel. 9. GEBF Tagung Bamberg}, journal = {Bildung im digitalen Wandel. 9. GEBF Tagung Bamberg}, publisher = {Otto-Friedrich-Universit{\"a}t Bamberg}, address = {Bamberg}, pages = {78}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheBilzFischeretal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Lehrpersoneninterventionen bei Hatespeech: Dimensionalit{\"a}t, Messinvarianz und Kriteriumsvalidit{\"a}t einer neuen Skala}, series = {Bildung im digitalen Wandel. 9. GEBF Tagung Bamberg}, journal = {Bildung im digitalen Wandel. 9. GEBF Tagung Bamberg}, publisher = {Otto-Friedrich-Universit{\"a}t Bamberg}, address = {Bamberg}, pages = {78}, language = {de} } @misc{WachsBilzWettsteinetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig and Wettstein, Alexander and Wright, Michelle F. and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Krause, Norman and Ballaschk, Cindy}, title = {Associations Between Witnessing and Perpetrating Online Hate Speech Among Adolescents: Testing Moderation Effects of Moral Disengagement and Empathy}, series = {Psychology of Violence}, volume = {12}, journal = {Psychology of Violence}, number = {6}, issn = {2152-0828}, doi = {10.1037/vio0000422}, pages = {371 -- 381}, abstract = {Objective: The open expression of hatred, hostility, and violence against minorities has become a common online phenomenon. Adolescents are at particular risk of being involved in different hate speech roles (e.g., witness, perpetrator). However, the correlates of their involvement as perpetrators and the mechanisms that might explain their involvement in hate speech across different roles have not yet been thoroughly investigated. To this end, this study investigates moral disengagement and empathy as correlates of online hate speech perpetration and the moderation effects of empathy and moral disengagement in the relationship between witnessing and perpetrating online hate speech. Method: The sample consists of 3,560 7th to 9th graders from 40 schools in Germany and Switzerland. Self-report questionnaires were utilized to assess online hate speech involvement, moral dis- engagement, and empathy. Results: Multilevel regression analyses revealed that moral disengagement and witnessing online hate speech were positively associated with online hate speech perpetration, while empathy was negatively associated with it. The findings also showed that the positive relationship between witnessing and perpetrating online hate speech was stronger at higher levels of moral disengagement and weaker when moral disengagement was low. The association between witnessing and perpetrating online hate speech was weaker when adolescents had higher rather than lower levels of empathy. Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for prevention efforts to accelerate moral engagement and empathy as critical future directions in hate speech prevention. This study also contributes to our understanding of underlying mechanisms that explain adolescents' involvement across different roles in hate speech.}, language = {en} } @misc{KimCraigKingetal., author = {Kim, Samuel S. and Craig, Wendy M. and King, Nathan and Bilz, Ludwig and Cosma, Alina and Molcho, Michal and Qirjako, Gentiana and Matos, Margarida G. de and Augustine, Lilly and Šmigelskas, Kastytis and Pickett, William}, title = {Bullying, Mental Health, and the Moderating Role of Supportive Adults: A Cross-National Analysis of Adolescents in 45 Countries}, series = {International Journal of Public Health}, volume = {67}, journal = {International Journal of Public Health}, issn = {1661-8564}, doi = {10.3389/ijph.2022.1604264}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Objectives: Relationships with supportive adults during adolescence may be a protective factor that lowers the risks associated with bullying. The current study aimed to examine the moderating role of supportive adults in the associations between bullying involvement (in-person and cyber) and mental health problems (psychological symptoms and low life satisfaction). Methods: Data from 45 countries and regions taking part in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study (N = 230,757) were used. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks of bullying on mental health. Effect estimates were compared across the number of supportive adults to examine a possible cumulative protective effect of relationships with supportive adults. Results: Bullying involvement was consistently associated with poor mental health across the 45 countries. Risk of mental health problems associated with bullying involvement was greatest among students reporting relationships with multiple supportive adults. This was true for all indicators of bullying involvement. Conclusion: Bullying remains a prevalent and harmful experience for youth worldwide. Merely having supportive adults is not sufficient in protecting youth from experiencing the mental health risks associated with bullying.}, language = {en} } @misc{DadaczynskiRathmannSchrickeretal., author = {Dadaczynski, Kevin and Rathmann, Katharina and Schricker, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig and Sudeck, Gorden and Fischer, Saskia M. and Janiczek, Oliver and Quilling, Eike}, title = {Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz von Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern. Auspr{\"a}gung und Assoziationen mit dem Bewegungs- und Ern{\"a}hrungsverhalten}, series = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt}, journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt}, issn = {1436-9990}, doi = {10.1007/s00103-022-03548-5}, pages = {11}, abstract = {Hintergrund. W{\"a}hrend vermehrt Studienbefunde zur allgemeinen Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) vorliegen, mangelt es an Erkenntnissen zur digitalen GK im Jugendalter und deren Assoziationen mit Indikatoren des Gesundheitsverhaltens. Methodik. Empirische Basis bildet eine von Oktober 2019 bis Februar 2020 im Bundesland Hessen durchgef{\"u}hrte Querschnittstudie mit 490 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}lern der Klassenstufe 8 und 9. Die digitale GK wurde mithilfe von 5 Subskalen des Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) erfasst, w{\"a}hrend der Verzehr von Obst, Gem{\"u}se und Softdrinks sowie die k{\"o}rperliche Aktivit{\"a}t als Indikatoren des Gesundheitsverhaltens herangezogen wurden. Als soziales Merkmal wurde neben dem Geschlecht und der Klassenstufe der subjektive Sozialstatus (SSS) ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte uni-, bi- und multivariat, wobei bin{\"a}rlogistische Regressionen f{\"u}r das Geschlecht und den SSS adjustiert wurden. Ergebnisse. {\"U}ber alle Items hinweg berichten 15,3-37,5 \% der befragten Jugendlichen Schwierigkeiten bei der Beschaffung von und im Umgang mit digitalen Informationen. Differenziert nach sozialen Merkmalen finden sich f{\"u}r 2 Dimensionen der digitalen GK Unterschiede zuungunsten der M{\"a}dchen sowie durchgehend ein sozialer Gradient zuungunsten von Befragten mit niedrigem SSS. Jugendliche mit mittlerer und geringer digitaler GK weisen ein h{\"o}heres Maß an geringer k{\"o}rperlicher Aktivit{\"a}t, nichtt{\"a}glichem Obstverzehr und t{\"a}glichem Konsum von zuckerhaltigen Getr{\"a}nken auf. Diskussion. Die Befunde weisen auf einen Interventionsbedarf zur F{\"o}rderung der digitalen GK insbesondere bei Jugendlichen mit geringem SSS hin. Die differenziellen Zusammenhangsmuster mit dem Gesundheitsverhalten bieten Ansatzpunkte f{\"u}r die Entwicklung spezifischer Interventionen. Als Lehr- und Lernort stellt die Schule u. a. aufgrund der Passung mit verpflichtenden Strategien der schulischen Medienkompetenzbildung ein geeignetes Setting dar.}, language = {de} } @misc{BallaschkSchulzeReicheltBilzetal., author = {Ballaschk, Cindy and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {„Ist das (schon) Hatespeech?" Grenzziehungen von Sch{\"u}ler_innen und schulischem Personal zwischen legitimen {\"A}ußerungen und Hatespeech}, series = {28. DGfE-Kongress "Entgrenzungen"}, journal = {28. DGfE-Kongress "Entgrenzungen"}, address = {Bremen}, abstract = {Der Vortrag pr{\"a}sentiert erste Forschungsergebnisse zu Grenzziehungspraktiken in Bezug auf das Begriffsverst{\"a}ndnis von Hatespeech. Daf{\"u}r wurden Sch{\"u}ler*inen (n = 55), Lehrkr{\"a}fte (n = 18) und Sozialp{\"a}dagog_innen (n = 16) leitfadengest{\"u}tzt interviewt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Befragten die Grenze zwischen sozial akzeptiertem Verhalten und Hatespeech entlang folgender Fragen verhandeln: Welche Gruppen sind das Ziel von Hatespeech, wie wird Hatespeech ausge{\"u}bt und wo findet sie statt? Die Interviewten ziehen die Grenze zwischen legitimen Meinungs{\"a}ußerungen und Hatespeech sehr verschieden. Bei der Frage, welche Gruppen von Hatespeech betroffen sind, wird deutlich, dass abwertende {\"A}ußerungen gegen behinderte Sch{\"u}ler_innen eher als Hatespeech eingeordnet werden als Abwertungen gegen transgeschlechtliche Sch{\"u}ler_innen. In Bezug auf die Frage, wie Hatespeech ausge{\"u}bt wird, wird die Grenze zu Hatespeech h{\"a}ufig als {\"u}berschritten gesehen, wenn sie im Zusammenhang mit Gewalt und Mobbing auftritt. Hinsichtlich der Frage wo Hatespeech auftritt, gaben die Befragten an, Hatespeech vorrangig als Online-Ph{\"a}nomen wahrzunehmen, wobei auch diverse F{\"a}lle von Hatespeech in der Schule beschrieben werden. Schlussfolgernd l{\"a}sst sich ein Bedarf erkennen, Sch{\"u}ler_innen und p{\"a}dagogisches Schulpersonal f{\"u}r unterschiedliche Zielgruppen, Ausdrucksformen und F{\"a}lle von Hatespeech in der Schule zu sensibilisieren, um Schule als einen diskriminierungskritischen Raum zu gestalten.}, language = {de} } @misc{KansokDuscheWachsBilz, author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Systematisches Review zu Hatespeech bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Definition, Verbreitung und {\"U}berlappung mit verwandten Ph{\"a}nomenen}, series = {28. DGfE-Kongress "Entgrenzungen"}, journal = {28. DGfE-Kongress "Entgrenzungen"}, address = {Bremen}, abstract = {Die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit der Verbreitung von Hatespeech (HS) bei Heranwachsenden sowie mit den {\"U}berschneidungen z.B. mit Mobbing hat im deutschsprachigen Raum erst begonnen (z.B. Wachs et al., 2021). Der geplante Vortrag pr{\"a}sentiert die Ergebnisse eines systematischen Reviews des internationalen Forschungsstandes. Hierbei waren die folgenden Fragen leitend: 1. Wie wird HS in Studien mit Kindern und Jugendlichen (5-21 Jahre) definiert? 2. Wie stark ist HS in dieser Altersgruppe verbreitet? 3. Wie wird HS von verwandten Formen der Gewalt definitorisch abgegrenzt und wie hoch ist die empirische {\"U}berlappung? Eine String-Suche in sozialwissenschaftlichen Datenbanken erbrachte insgesamt 1.850 Publikationen. Die Einschlusspr{\"u}fung stufte davon 18 Publikationen aus zehn Studien als relevant ein. Zwei Kodiererinnen werteten die Publikationen kriteriengeleitet aus (κ =.80) und ermittelten ihre Qualit{\"a}t. Alle Studien (USA, Europa, Asien) basierten auf Jugendstichproben, keine Studie untersuchte Kinder. Die identifizierten HS-Definitionen, Messinstrumente und Abgrenzungskriterien variierten erheblich. Jugendliche erleben HS am h{\"a}ufigsten aus der Beobachter*innenperspektive (31-69\%), gefolgt von Opfererfahrungen (7\%-23\%) und T{\"a}ter*innenschaft (5\%-11\%). Mobbing und HS korrelieren miteinander (r =.15 - .47). Der Vortrag endet mit praktischen Implikationen f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Forschungen (z.B. Vorschlag einer breiten HS-Definition).}, language = {de} } @misc{KrauseBilzWachs, author = {Krause, Norman and Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian}, title = {Dem Hass entgeg(n)en - Eine qualitative Studie zu Interventionsmaßnahmen von p{\"a}dagogischem Schulpersonal bei Hatespeech in der Schule}, series = {28. DGfE-Kongress "Entgrenzungen"}, journal = {28. DGfE-Kongress "Entgrenzungen"}, address = {Bremen}, abstract = {Hatespeech-Erfahrungen k{\"o}nnen sich negativ auf das Wohlbefinden auswirken (Krause et al., 2021). Als h{\"a}ufig erste Erwachsene, an die sich Sch{\"u}ler*innen hilfesuchend wenden k{\"o}nnen, liegt es in der Verantwortung des p{\"a}dagogischen Schulpersonals, eine Intervention zu initiieren. Bisher wurde jedoch nicht untersucht, welche Interventionsmaßnahmen in Bezug auf Hatespeech in der Schulpraxis durchgef{\"u}hrt werden. Aus diesem Grund werden in dem vorliegenden Beitrag Interviews von Sch{\"u}ler*innen (n=21) und P{\"a}dagog*innen (n=27) zum Interventionshandeln des p{\"a}dagogischen Schulpersonals bei Hatespeech ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf verschiedene Interventionsziele (Aufl{\"o}sen der beobachteten Hatespeech-Situation als kurzfristiges Prim{\"a}rziel sowie verhaltensbezogene und einstellungsbezogene Sekund{\"a}rziele) hin. Weiterhin konnten zwei Interventionsstrategien unterschieden werden: direktiv-disziplinierende Interventionen (z.B. Bestrafungen, Instruktionen) und partizipativ-verhandelnde Interventionen (z.B. kompromissorientierte Mediationen, integrativ-konsensorientierte Verhandlungen). Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass Lehrkr{\"a}fte auf {\"a}hnliche Strategien zur{\"u}ckgreifen wie bei anderen Gewaltph{\"a}nomenen. Bei einstellungsmotivierter Hatespeech st{\"o}ßt eine rein verhaltenskonditionierende Interventionslogik jedoch an ihre Grenzen, woraus sich Forderungen nach Fortbildungsmaßnahmen f{\"u}r das Schulpersonal und Maßnahmen zur St{\"a}rkung einer Werteerziehung f{\"u}r die Sch{\"u}ler*innen ableiten lassen.}, language = {de} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Macht Schule krank?}, series = {14. Jahrestagung der Politischen Kindermedizin}, journal = {14. Jahrestagung der Politischen Kindermedizin}, address = {Salzburg}, language = {de} } @incollection{BilzMelzer, author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Melzer, Wolfgang}, title = {Schulschwierigkeiten}, series = {Fachlexikon der Sozialen Arbeit}, booktitle = {Fachlexikon der Sozialen Arbeit}, edition = {9., vollst{\"a}ndig {\"u}berarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage}, publisher = {Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft}, address = {Baden-Baden}, isbn = {978-3-8487-7131-8}, pages = {751 -- 752}, language = {de} } @misc{BilzFischerHoppeHerfurthetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Hoppe-Herfurth, Anne-Cathrin and John, Nancy}, title = {A Consequential Partnership. The Association Between Teachers' Well-Being and Students' Well-Being and the Role of Teacher Support as a Mediator}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychologie}, volume = {230}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Psychologie}, number = {3}, issn = {2151-2604}, doi = {10.1027/2151-2604/a000497}, pages = {264 -- 275}, abstract = {Many studies have focused on the effects of teachers' well-being on the development of students, in particular their academic achievement. To date, little is known about the association between teachers' well-being and students' well-being. In the present study, we analyzed this relationship and examined the mediating role of teacher support using linked data from 2,686 students and 805 teachers from 48 schools in Germany. Multilevel regression analyses showed a relationship between teachers' emotional exhaustion and students' subjective health complaints and between teachers' psychological well-being and students' satisfaction with school. The latter association was mediated by teacher support as perceived by students. This study extends current knowledge about the relevance of teachers' well-being to their students' socio-emotional development and the mechanisms that underlie this association. Implications for promoting of mental health in schools and for future research are discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheBallaschkKrauseetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Ballaschk, Cindy and Krause, Norman and Zeißig, Anke and Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {A Systematic Review on Hate Speech among Children and Adolescents: Definitions, Prevalence, and Overlap with Related Phenomena}, series = {Trauma, Violence, \& Abuse}, volume = {24(2023)}, journal = {Trauma, Violence, \& Abuse}, number = {4}, issn = {1524-8380}, doi = {10.1177/15248380221108070}, pages = {2598 -- 2615}, abstract = {Little is known about the current state of research on the involvement of young people in hate speech. Thus, this systematic review presents findings on a) the prevalence of hate speech among children and adolescents and on hate speech definitions that guide prevalence assessments for this population; and b) the theoretical and empirical overlap of hate speech with related concepts. This review was guided by the Cochrane approach. To be included, publications were required to deal with real-life experiences of hate speech, to provide empirical data on prevalence for samples aged 5 to 21 years and they had to be published in academic formats. Included publications were full-text coded using two raters (κ = .80) and their quality was assessed. The string-guided electronic search (ERIC, SocInfo, Psycinfo, Psyndex) yielded 1,850 publications. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and their findings were systematized. Twelve publications were of medium quality due to minor deficiencies in their theoretical or methodological foundations. All studies used samples of adolescents and none of younger children. Nine out of 10 studies applied quantitative methodologies. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies were included. Results showed that frequencies for hate speech exposure were higher than those related to victimization and perpetration. Definitions of hate speech and assessment instruments were heterogeneous. Empirical evidence for an often theorized overlap between hate speech and bullying was found. The paper concludes by presenting a definition of hate speech, including implications for practice, policy, and research.}, language = {en} } @misc{BilzFischerHoppeHerfurthetal., author = {Bilz, Ludwig and Fischer, Saskia M. and Hoppe-Herfurth, Anne-Cathrin and John, Nancy}, title = {A consequential partnership. The association between teachers' well-being and students' well-being and the role of teacher support as a mediator}, series = {26th Biennal Meeting of the ISSBD}, journal = {26th Biennal Meeting of the ISSBD}, publisher = {International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development}, address = {Rhodos, Greece}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.35890.48324}, pages = {1}, language = {en} } @misc{SeemannHerzKansokDuscheDixetal., author = {Seemann-Herz, Lisanne and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Dix, Alexandra and Wachs, Sebastian and Krause, Norman and Ballaschk, Cindy and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Schulbezogene Programme zum Umgang mit Hatespeech - Eine kriteriengeleitete Bestandsaufnahme}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung}, volume = {12}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung}, number = {3}, issn = {2190-6890}, doi = {10.1007/s35834-022-00348-4}, pages = {597 -- 614}, abstract = {Der vorliegende Beitrag informiert {\"u}ber 14 deutschsprachige Programme zur Pr{\"a}vention und Intervention bei Hatespeech unter Kindern und Jugendlichen (Jahrgangsstufen 5-12). Inhalte und Durchf{\"u}hrungsmodalit{\"a}ten derProgramme sowie Ergebnisse einer kriteriengeleiteten Qualit{\"a}tseinsch{\"a}tzung anhand von f{\"u}nf Kriterien werden im Hinblick auf deren Anwendung in der schulischen Praxis beschrieben und er{\"o}rtert. Der {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber Schwerpunkte, St{\"a}rken und Entwicklungspotentiale schulbezogener Hatespeech-Programme erm{\"o}glicht Leser*innen eine informierte Entscheidung {\"u}ber den Einsatz der Programme in der Schule sowie in der offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit.}, language = {de} } @misc{CosmaBjereldElgaretal., author = {Cosma, Alina and Bjereld, Ylva and Elgar, Frank J. and Richardson, Clive and Bilz, Ludwig and Craig, Wendy M. and Augustine, Lilly and Molcho, Michal and Malinowska-Cieślik, Marta and Walsh, Sophie D.}, title = {Gender Differences in Bullying Reflect Societal Gender Inequality: A Multilevel Study With Adolescents in 46 Countries}, series = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, volume = {71}, journal = {Journal of Adolescent Health}, number = {5}, issn = {1054-139X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.015}, pages = {601 -- 608}, abstract = {Purpose. Social patterns in bullying show consistent gender differences in adolescent perpetration and victimization with large cross-national variations. Previous research shows associations between societal gender inequality and gender differences in some violent behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond individual associations and use a more social ecological perspective when examining gender differences in bullying behaviors. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to explore cross-national gender differences in bullying behaviors and (2) to examine whether national-level gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent bullying behaviors. Methods. Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were measured in 11-year-olds to 15-year-olds in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n = 200,423). We linked individual data to national gender inequality (Gender Inequality Index, 2018) in 46 countries and tested their association using mixed-effects (multilevel) logistic regression models. Results. Large cross-national variations were observed in gender differences in bullying. Boys had higher odds of perpetrating both traditional and cyberbullying and victimization by traditional bullying than girls. Greater gender inequality at country level was associated with heightened gender differences in traditional bullying. In contrast, lower gender inequality was associated with larger gender differences for cyber victimization. Discussion. Societal gender inequality relates to adolescents' involvement in bullying and gendered patterns in bullying. Public health policy should target societal factors that have an impact on young people's behavior.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerDadaczynskiSudecketal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Dadaczynski, Kevin and Sudeck, Gorden and Rathmann, Katharina and Paakkari, Olli and Paakkari, Leena and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Measuring Health Literacy in Childhood and Adolescence with the Scale Health Literacy in School-Aged Children - German Version}, series = {Diagnostica}, volume = {68}, journal = {Diagnostica}, number = {4}, issn = {0012-1924}, doi = {10.1026/0012-1924/a000296}, pages = {184 -- 196}, abstract = {Health literacy can help explain health inequalities in childhood and adolescence. However, suitable instruments for assessing health literacy in this age group are rare, especially in the German-speaking countries. One economical measure is the 10-item Health Literacy in School-Aged Children (HLSAC) scale, developed and reviewed as part of the WHO Child and Adolescent Health Study (HBSC, Health Behavior in School-Aged Children). In the present study, we tested dimensionality, measurement invariance, and associations with health-related measures of the German version of the scale (HLSAC-German), using data from the 2018 national German HBSC study (N = 4,347 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years). We also tested HLSAC-German with 11-year-olds, representing an expansion of the original scale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses consistently demonstrated the unidimensionality of the scale (α = .88). Complete scalar measurement invariance was found for sex and partial scalar measurement invariance for age groups and school type, allowing for the comparison of means. Associations with indicators of health and health behavior further demonstrate the construct validity of the scale. The analyses show that the scale is suitable for the economic measurement of a general factor of health literacy in 11- as well as in 13- and 15-year-olds.}, language = {en} } @misc{WachsCastellanosWettsteinetal., author = {Wachs, Sebastian and Castellanos, Melisa and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig and G{\´a}mez-Guadix, Manuel}, title = {Associations Between Classroom Climate, Empathy, Self-Efficacy, and Countering Hate Speech Among Adolescents: A Multilevel Mediation Analysis}, series = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence}, volume = {38}, journal = {Journal of Interpersonal Violence}, number = {5-6}, issn = {0886-2605}, doi = {10.1177/08862605221120905}, pages = {5067 -- 5091}, abstract = {Although hate speech is widely recognized as an online phenomenon, very few studies have investigated hate speech among adolescents in offline settings (e.g., schools). At the same time, not much is known about countering hate speech (counterspeech) among adolescents and which factors are associated with it. To this end, the present study used the socio- ecological framework to investigate the direct and indirect links among one contextual factor (i.e., classroom climate) and two intrapersonal factors (i.e.,empathy for victims of hate speech, self-efficacy regarding intervention in hate speech) to understand counterspeech among adolescents. The sample is based on self-reports of 3,225 students in Grades 7 to 9 (51.7\% self- identified as female) from 36 schools in Germany and Switzerland. Self- report questionnaires were administered to measure classroom climate, empathy, self-efficacy, and counterspeech. After controlling for adolescents' grade, gender, immigrant background, and socioeconomic status (SES), the 2-(1-1)-1 multilevel mediation analysis showed that classroom climate (L2), empathy for victims of hate speech (L1), and self-efficacy toward intervention in hate speech (L1) had a positive effect on countering hate speech (L1). Classroom climate (L2) was also positively linked to empathy for victims of hate speech (L1), and self-efficacy toward intervention in hate speech (L1). Furthermore, classroom climate (L2) was indirectly associated with countering hate speech (L1) via greater empathy (L1) and self-efficacy (L1). The findings highlight the need to focus on contextual and intrapersonal factors when trying to facilitate adolescents' willingness to face hate speech with civic courage and proactively engage against it.}, language = {en} } @misc{FischerDadaczynskiSudecketal., author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Dadaczynski, Kevin and Sudeck, Gorden and Rathmann, Katharina and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {„Health Literacy in School-Aged Children-German": Vorstellung eines Messinstruments zur Erhebung der Gesundheitskompetenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter}, series = {52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie. Programm.}, journal = {52. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Psychologie. Programm.}, address = {Hildesheim}, pages = {51}, abstract = {Gesundheitskompetenz ist ein international relevanter Forschungsgegenstand, der bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter mit dem Gesundheitszustand, der Aus{\"u}bung gesundheitsbezogenen Risikoverhaltens und gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit zusammenh{\"a}ngt. Dennoch steht die Erforschung der Gesundheitskompetenz in Deutschland insbesondere im Kindes- und Jugendalter im internationalen Vergleich noch weitgehend am Anfang. Ein {\"o}konomisches Instrument zur Erhebung der Gesundheitskompetenz Heranwachsender stellt die 10-Item-Skala „Health Literarcy in School-Aged Children-German" (HLSAC-German) dar. Dabei handelt es sich um die deutsche Version der Skala HLSAC, welche in der international durchgef{\"u}hrten HBSC-Studie eingesetzt wird. In diesem Beitrag werden die Skala selbst sowie Befunde zur Dimensionalit{\"a}t, zur Messinvarianz in Bezug auf Geschlecht, Alter und Schulform und zu Zusammenh{\"a}ngen zu Indikatoren der Gesundheit und des Gesundheitsverhaltens vorgestellt. Die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Skala erfolgt anhand der Daten der deutschen HBSC-Studie 2018 (N = 4 347 Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler im Alter von 11, 13 und 15 Jahren). Die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung in der Gruppe der 11-J{\"a}hrigen stellt dabei eine Erweiterung des Einsatzbereiches der Skala im internationalen Vergleich dar. Explorative und konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen belegen die Eindimensionalit{\"a}t der Skala. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen in multiplen Gruppen zeigen vollst{\"a}ndige skalare Messinvarianz bez{\"u}glich des Geschlechts und partielle skalare Messinvarianz bez{\"u}glich Altersgruppen und Schulform. Erwartungsgem{\"a}ß zeigen sich negative Zusammenh{\"a}nge zu subjektiv eingesch{\"a}tzten psychischen Gesundheitsproblemen und positive Zusammenh{\"a}nge zur k{\"o}rperlichen Aktivit{\"a}t. Die Ergebnisse weisen insgesamt auf eine eindimensionale Skala hin, mit welcher Mittelwertsvergleiche zul{\"a}ssig sind. Der Einsatz der Skala in der Gruppe der 11-j{\"a}hrigen ist m{\"o}glich, wobei punktuelle Schwierigkeiten bei der Beantwortung der Items und eine h{\"o}here Non-Response-Quote in dieser Altersgruppe erwartet werden m{\"u}ssen.}, language = {de} } @misc{WolgastFischerBilz, author = {Wolgast, Anett and Fischer, Saskia M. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Teachers' Empathy for Bullying Victims, Understanding of Violence, and Likelihood of Intervention}, series = {Journal of School Violence}, volume = {21}, journal = {Journal of School Violence}, number = {4}, issn = {1538-8220}, doi = {10.1080/15388220.2022.2114488}, pages = {491 -- 503}, abstract = {Relational bullying is still underappreciated by teachers. Based on the theoretical model of teachers' intervention competence in bullying, the aim of the current research was to gain insights into the concurrent relationships between teachers' empathy, understanding of violence, and likelihood of intervention. In this study, n = 556 teachers (79.4\% female, Mage = 50.6) indicated on a questionnaire their empathy, understanding of relational violence, and likelihood of intervention in a relational bullying situation. The relationships were simultaneously estimated in a structural equation model. The results suggest significantly positive concurrent relations between these variables. We conclude that the effectiveness of teacher trainings could be increased through such elements as cognitive empathy training, raising awareness of violence, and teaching appropriate interventions in relational bullying situations.}, language = {en} } @misc{Bilz, author = {Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {The Association Between Teachers' Well-Being and Students' Well-Being and the Role of Teacher Support as a Mediator}, series = {EARA 2022 Conference "Diverse \& Digital" Dublin August 24-27}, journal = {EARA 2022 Conference "Diverse \& Digital" Dublin August 24-27}, publisher = {University College Dublin}, address = {Dublin}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheWettsteinWachsetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wettstein, Alexander and Wachs, Sebastian and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Der Zusammenhang zwischen {\"U}berzeugungen von Lehrpersonen und ihrer Wahrnehmung von Hatespeech unter Sch{\"u}ler:innen}, series = {52. DGPs-Kongress in Hildesheim}, journal = {52. DGPs-Kongress in Hildesheim}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Hildesheim}, address = {Hildesheim}, pages = {86}, language = {de} } @misc{FischerMacaulayBilz, author = {Fischer, Saskia M. and Macaulay, Peter J. R. and Bilz, Ludwig}, title = {Broadening the contextual perspective on bullying: Direct and cross-level interaction effects between staff communication climate, classroom climate, and students' bullying experiences}, series = {26th Workshop on Aggression. The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence.}, journal = {26th Workshop on Aggression. The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence.}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Research on the development of bullying is often based upon Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model (Swearer \& Hymel, 2015). Thus, various relevant contextual variables have been identified, including classroom climate and school climate (Thornberg et al., 2018; Zych et al., 2019). School climate has been defined in different ways, mostly including relationships between people in the school environment (Wang et al., 2016). Empirically, only the relationships between students (also summarised within the class as classroom climate) and between teachers and pupils are usually considered. However, teachers have been identified as particularly significant in the bullying process and as role models for students (Colpin et al., 2021). Because of this, it is assumed that relationships among teachers can also be significant risk factors for student bullying. In this study, we investigate communication climate among teachers as part of the school climate and its associations to student bullying. In addition, we follow Bronfenbrenner's idea of interactions among contextual levels by considering both school climate and classroom climate and investigating moderation effects. Data was collected from more than 550 teachers and 2,000 students in 114 classes at 24 schools in Germany. The analyses involved three-level hierarchical binary regression analyses and cross-level interaction models. Findings suggest that staff communication climate is not associated directly with students' experiences with bullying, but that the worse staff communication climate, the more students bully others in classrooms with high rates of rivalry (cross-level moderation). The associations will further be analysed under consideration of relevant control variables. Final results will be presented at the conference. The study broadens the contextual perspective on bullying by including more than one level at once and supports the importance of a whole-school perspective on bullying.}, language = {en} } @misc{DadaczynskiRathmannSchrickeretal., author = {Dadaczynski, Kevin and Rathmann, Katharina and Schricker, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig and Sudeck, Gorden and Fischer, Saskia M. and Janiczek, Oliver and Quilling, Eike}, title = {Digital health literacy and health behaviors of eighth and ninth graders from Germany}, series = {European Journal of Public Health}, volume = {32}, journal = {European Journal of Public Health}, number = {Supplement 3}, issn = {1101-1262}, doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.322}, pages = {1}, abstract = {Background: Due to the high availability and use of digital media, health- related information is increasingly shifting into the digital space. While there are increasing empirical findings on general health literacy (HL), there is a lack of evidence on digital HL in adolescence and its association with health behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 490 secondary school students (grades eight and nine) from the federal state of Hesse was conducted from October 2019 to February 2020. Digital HL was assessed using five subscales of the Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI), while consumption of fruits, vegetables, soft drinks, and weekly physical activity were used as indicators of health behavior. In addition to gender and grade level, subjective social status (SSS) was used as a social characteristic. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed, with binary-logistic regression adjusted for gender and SSS. Results: Across all items, the percentage of adolescents reporting difficulties in acquiring and dealing with digital health information ranges from 15.3 \% to 37.5 \%. Stratified by social characteristics, gender and socioeconomic differences were found with girls and respondents reporting a lower SSS more often showing a limited digital HL. Adolescents with moderate and low digital HL report higher levels of low physical activity, non-daily fruit and daily soft drink consumption. Depending on the health behavior, different relationship patterns can be observed for the dimensions of digital HL. Conclusions: The findings suggest a need for interventions to promote digital HL among adolescents, particularly for those of low SSS. In this context, the differential relationship patterns with health behaviors provide an avenue for the development of specific interventions.}, language = {en} } @misc{KansokDuscheWettsteinBilzetal., author = {Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Wettstein, Alexander and Bilz, Ludwig and Wachs, Sebastian and Castellanos, Melisa}, title = {Associations between Social Competence, Perceived Parents' Prosocial Educational Goals and Adolescents' Hate Speech Perpetration in School}, series = {The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence : 26th Workshop on Aggression, 10th-12th November 2022, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany}, journal = {The Nature and Prevention of Political Violence : 26th Workshop on Aggression, 10th-12th November 2022, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany}, pages = {14}, language = {de} } @misc{BallaschkSchulzeReicheltWachsetal., author = {Ballaschk, Cindy and Schulze-Reichelt, Friederike and Wachs, Sebastian and Krause, Norman and Wettstein, Alexander and Kansok-Dusche, Julia and Bilz, Ludwig and Schubarth, Wilfried}, title = {Ist das (schon) Hatespeech? - Eine qualitative Untersuchung zum Verst{\"a}ndnis von Hatespeech unter p{\"a}dagogischem Schulpersonal}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Bildungsforschung}, issn = {2190-6890}, doi = {10.1007/s35834-022-00367-1}, pages = {17}, abstract = {Hatespeech ist ein gesellschaftliches Ph{\"a}nomen, das auch die Lebenswelt Schule betrifft. Was jedoch p{\"a}dagogisches Schulpersonal unter Hatespeech versteht, ist unklar und daher Thema der vorliegenden Interviewstudie mit Lehrkr{\"a}ften (n = 18) und Sozialp{\"a}dagog_innen (n = 16). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Hatespeech als Herabsetzung verschiedener strukturell unterdr{\"u}ckter Gruppen verstanden wird (z. B. Transpersonen, Homosexuelle, j{\"u}dische Personen). Die Befragten erkennen subtilere Formen von Hatespeech oft nicht als Problem an und verstehen Hatespeech vorranging als Online-Ph{\"a}nomen, obwohl auch Vorf{\"a}lle in Schulen berichtet werden. Es l{\"a}sst sich schlussfolgern, dass p{\"a}dagogisches Schulpersonal f{\"u}r Offline-Hatespeech und subtilere Formen sensibilisiert werden muss, um ihre Interventionsbereitschaft zu steigern.}, language = {de} } @misc{ReissBehnErhartetal., author = {Reiß, Franziska and Behn, Steven and Erhart, Michael and Strelow, Lisa and Kaman, Anne and Ottov{\´a}-Jordan, Veronika and Bilz, Ludwig and Moor, Irene and Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike}, title = {Subjective health and psychosomatic complaints of children and adolescents in Germany: Results of the HBSC study 2009/10 - 2022}, series = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Health Monitoring}, number = {1}, issn = {2511-2708}, doi = {10.25646/11868}, pages = {7 -- 22}, abstract = {Background: Subjective health and well-being are important health indicators in childhood and adolescence. This article shows current results and trends over time between 2009/10 and 2022. Methods: The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study examined subjective health, life satisfaction and psychosomatic complaints of N = 21,788 students aged 11 to 15 years in the school years 2009/10, 2013/14, 2017/18 and in the calendar year 2022. Multivariate regression analyses show the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and well-being in 2022, as well as trends since 2009/10. Results: The majority of children and adolescents indicate a good subjective health and high life satisfaction. About half of the girls and one third of the boys report multiple psychosomatic health complaints, with a clear increase over time. Older adolescents, girls and gender diverse adolescents are at an increased risk of poor well-being. Subjective health and life satisfaction varied between 2009/10 and 2022, with a significant deterioration between 2017/18 and 2022. Conclusions: The high proportion of children and adolescents with psychosomatic complaints, as well as the observed gender and age differences, underline the need for target group-specific prevention, health promotion and continuous health monitoring.}, language = {en} }