@misc{StermanCohenBestehornOron, author = {Sterman-Cohen, Elad and Bestehorn, Michael and Oron, Alexander}, title = {Driving mechanisms of ratchet flow in thin liquid films under tangential two-frequency forcing}, series = {Physics of Fluids}, volume = {31}, journal = {Physics of Fluids}, number = {7}, doi = {10.1063/1.5098941}, pages = {14}, abstract = {In a recent paper, we demonstrated the emergence of ratchet flows in thin liquid films subjected to tangential two-frequency vibrations [E. Sterman-Cohen, M. Bestehorn, and A. Oron, "Ratchet flow of thin liquid films induced by a two-frequency tangential forcing," Phys. Fluids 30, 022101 (2018)], and asymmetric forcing was found to be a sole driving mechanism for these ratchet flows. In this paper, we consider other two-frequency excitations and reveal an additional driving mechanism of an emerging ratchet flow when the acceleration imparted by forcing is symmetric with respect to a certain moment of time within the forcing period (this type of forcing referred to as "symmetric forcing"). This driving mechanism exhibits an intricate interaction between forcing, capillarity, and gravity. We find that in contradistinction with the case of asymmetric forcing where the flow intensity reaches a constant value in the large-time limit, in the case of symmetric forcing the flow intensity exhibits oscillatory variation in time. We also discuss the flow intensity variation of the emerging ratchet flows with the fundamental wavenumber of the disturbance.}, language = {en} } @misc{BorciaBorciaBestehornetal., author = {Borcia, Ion-Dan and Borcia, Rodica and Bestehorn, Michael and Richter, Stefan and Xu, Wenchao and Harlander, Uwe}, title = {Horizontal Faraday instability and parametric excitation in a circular channel}, series = {GAMM 2019, 90th Annual Meeting of the International Assoociation of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, February 18-22, 2019, Vienna, Austria}, journal = {GAMM 2019, 90th Annual Meeting of the International Assoociation of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, February 18-22, 2019, Vienna, Austria}, publisher = {TU Verlag}, address = {Wien}, isbn = {978-3-903024-84-7}, pages = {338}, language = {en} } @misc{BestehornTyvandMichelitsch, author = {Bestehorn, Michael and Tyvand, Peder A. and Michelitsch, Thomas M.}, title = {Dimension-Reduced Model for Deep-Water Waves}, series = {Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics}, volume = {7}, journal = {Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics}, number = {1}, issn = {2327-4379}, doi = {10.4236/jamp.2019.71007}, pages = {72 -- 92}, abstract = {Starting from the 2D Euler equations for an incompressible potential flow, a dimension-reduced model describing deep-water surface waves is derived. Similar to the Shallow-Water case, the z-dependence of the dependent variables is found explicitly from the Laplace equation and a set of two one- dimensional equations in x for the surface velocity and the surface elevation remains. The model is nonlocal and can be formulated in conservative form, describing waves over an infinitely deep layer. Finally, numerical solutions are presented for several initial conditions. The side-band instability of Stokes waves and stable envelope solitons are obtained in agreement with other work. The conservation of the total energy is checked.}, language = {en} } @misc{BorciaBorciaRichteretal., author = {Borcia, Ion-Dan and Borcia, Rodica and Richter, Sebastian and Xu, Wenchao and Bestehorn, Michael and Harlander, Uwe}, title = {Horizontal Faraday instability in a circular channel}, series = {Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (PAMM)}, volume = {19}, journal = {Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (PAMM)}, number = {1}, issn = {1617-7061}, doi = {10.1002/pamm.201900242}, pages = {2}, abstract = {We study surface waves in a circular channel placed on a rotating table. The tank can rotate with constant velocity and/or can oscillate. For a glycerin-water-solution with high viscosity, oscillation amplitudes about 20 cm and frequencies of 0.5 Hz, we observe surface patterns generated by a parametric instability. The circular geometry of the channel assures in a natural way the periodic lateral boundary conditions often used in the numerical simulations. Up to our knowledge this is the first experiment which evidences the horizontal Faraday instability in a container without walls blocking the flow in the oscillation direction. Experimental and numerical results are compared and discussed.}, language = {en} } @misc{BorciaBorciaXuetal., author = {Borcia, Ion-Dan and Borcia, Rodica and Xu, Wenchao and Bestehorn, Michael and Richter, Sebastian and Harlander, Uwe}, title = {Undular bores in a large circular channel}, series = {European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids}, volume = {79}, journal = {European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids}, issn = {0997-7546}, doi = {10.1016/j.euromechflu.2019.09.003}, pages = {67 -- 73}, abstract = {An experimental device previously developed for studying rotating baroclinic flows has been used to investigate undular bores formation, propagation and collision. Up to our knowledge this is the first experimental study of undular bores in a circular channel. For a setup without barriers, this geometry accomplishes in a natural way the periodic lateral boundary conditions, very often used in numerical simulations. An excellent agreement between the experiment and simulation has been achieved. The spatio-temporal structure of bores is well reproduced for the first few reflections or collisions.}, language = {en} } @misc{GrangerMichelitschBestehornetal., author = {Granger, T{\´e}o and Michelitsch, Thomas M. and Bestehorn, Michael and Riascos, Alejandro P. and Collet, Bernard A.}, title = {Stochastic Compartment Model with Mortality and Its Application to Epidemic Spreading in Complex Networks}, series = {Entropy}, volume = {26}, journal = {Entropy}, number = {5}, issn = {1099-4300}, doi = {10.3390/e26050362}, abstract = {We study epidemic spreading in complex networks by a multiple random walker approach. Each walker performs an independent simple Markovian random walk on a complex undirected (ergodic) random graph where we focus on the Barab{\´a}si-Albert (BA), Erd{\"o}s-R{\´e}nyi (ER), and Watts-Strogatz (WS) types. Both walkers and nodes can be either susceptible (S) or infected and infectious (I), representing their state of health. Susceptible nodes may be infected by visits of infected walkers, and susceptible walkers may be infected by visiting infected nodes. No direct transmission of the disease among walkers (or among nodes) is possible. This model mimics a large class of diseases such as Dengue and Malaria with the transmission of the disease via vectors (mosquitoes). Infected walkers may die during the time span of their infection, introducing an additional compartment D of dead walkers. Contrary to the walkers, there is no mortality of infected nodes. Infected nodes always recover from their infection after a random finite time span. This assumption is based on the observation that infectious vectors (mosquitoes) are not ill and do not die from the infection. The infectious time spans of nodes and walkers, and the survival times of infected walkers, are represented by independent random variables. We derive stochastic evolution equations for the mean-field compartmental populations with the mortality of walkers and delayed transitions among the compartments. From linear stability analysis, we derive the basic reproduction numbers RM,R0with and without mortality, respectively, and prove that RM1, the healthy state is unstable, whereas for zero mortality, a stable endemic equilibrium exists (independent of the initial conditions), which we obtained explicitly. We observed that the solutions of the random walk simulations in the considered networks agree well with the mean-field solutions for strongly connected graph topologies, whereas less well for weakly connected structures and for diseases with high mortality. Our model has applications beyond epidemic dynamics, for instance in the kinetics of chemical reactions, the propagation of contaminants, wood fires, and others.}, language = {en} } @misc{BorciaRichterBorciaetal., author = {Borcia, Ion-Dan and Richter, Sebastian and Borcia, Rodica and Sch{\"o}n, Franz-Theo and Harlander, Uwe and Bestehorn, Michael}, title = {Wave propagation in a circular channel: sloshing and resonance}, series = {The European Physical Journal Special Topics}, volume = {Vol. 232}, journal = {The European Physical Journal Special Topics}, number = {4}, issn = {1951-6401}, doi = {10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00790-z}, pages = {461 -- 468}, abstract = {Surface wave resonance of a liquid (water) layer confined in a circular channel is studied both experimentally and numerically. For the experiment, eight unevenly distributed ultrasonic distance sensors measure the local height of the wave surface. The resonance curves show maxima only for odd multiples of the fundamental resonance frequency . We explained this behavior using a simple intuitive "ping-pong" like model. Collision of wave fronts can be observed for higher frequencies. Also, the wave reflection on the walls can be treated as wave collision with itself. The non-linearity seems to be weak in our study so the delay in the wave propagation before and after the collision is small. Time-space plots show localized propagating waves with high amplitudes for frequencies near resonance. Between the peaks low amplitude and harmonic patterns are observed. However, for higher frequencies, the frequency band for localized waves becomes wider. In the Fourier space-time plane, this can be observed as a point for the harmonic patterns or a superposition of two lines: one line parallel to wave-vector k axis corresponding to the excitation frequency and a second line with inclination given by wave propagation velocity . For planned future work, this result will help us to reconstruct the whole water surface elevation using time-series from only a few measurement points}, language = {en} } @misc{SchoenBestehorn, author = {Sch{\"o}n, Franz-Theo and Bestehorn, Michael}, title = {Instabilities and pattern formation in viscoelastic fluids}, series = {The European Physical Journal Special Topics}, volume = {Vol. 232}, journal = {The European Physical Journal Special Topics}, number = {4}, issn = {1951-6401}, doi = {10.1140/epjs/s11734-023-00792-x}, pages = {375 -- 383}, language = {en} } @misc{GrangerMichelitschBestehornetal., author = {Granger, T{\´e}o and Michelitsch, Thomas M. and Bestehorn, Michael and Riascos, Alejandro P. and Collet, Bernard A.}, title = {Four-compartment epidemic model with retarded transition rates}, series = {Physical Review E}, volume = {107}, journal = {Physical Review E}, number = {4}, issn = {2470-0045}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.107.044207}, pages = {044207-1 -- 044207-15}, abstract = {We study an epidemic model for a constant population by taking into account four compartments of the individuals characterizing their states of health. Each individual is in one of the following compartments: susceptible S; incubated, i.e., infected yet not infectious, C; infected and infectious I; and recovered, i.e., immune, R. An infection is visible only when an individual is in state I. Upon infection, an individual performs the transition pathway S→C→I→R→S, remaining in compartments C, I, and R for a certain random waiting time tC, tI, and tR, respectively. The waiting times for each compartment are independent and drawn from specific probability density functions (PDFs) introducing memory into the model. The first part of the paper is devoted to the macroscopic S-C-I-R-S model. We derive memory evolution equations involving convolutions (time derivatives of general fractional type). We consider several cases. The memoryless case is represented by exponentially distributed waiting times. Cases of long waiting times with fat-tailed waiting-time distributions are considered as well where the S-C-I-R-S evolution equations take the form of time-fractional ordinary differential equations. We obtain formulas for the endemic equilibrium and a condition of its existence for cases when the waiting-time PDFs have existing means. We analyze the stability of healthy and endemic equilibria and derive conditions for which the endemic state becomes oscillatory (Hopf) unstable. In the second part, we implement a simple multiple-random-walker approach (microscopic model of Brownian motion of Z independent walkers) with random S-C-I-R-S waiting times in computer simulations. Infections occur with a certain probability by collisions of walkers in compartments I and S. We compare the endemic states predicted in the macroscopic model with the numerical results of the simulations and find accordance of high accuracy. We conclude that a simple random-walker approach offers an appropriate microscopic description for the macroscopic model. The S-C-I-R-S-type models open a wide field of applications allowing the identification of pertinent parameters governing the phenomenology of epidemic dynamics such as extinction, convergence to a stable endemic equilibrium, or persistent oscillatory behavior.}, language = {en} } @misc{BestehornRiascosMichelitschetal., author = {Bestehorn, Michael and Riascos, Alejandro P. and Michelitsch, Thomas M. and Collet, Bernard A.}, title = {A Markovian random walk model of epidemic spreading}, series = {Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics}, volume = {33}, journal = {Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics}, number = {4}, issn = {1432-0959}, doi = {10.1007/s00161-021-00970-z}, pages = {1207 -- 1221}, abstract = {We analyze the dynamics of a population of independent random walkers on a graph and develop a simple model of epidemic spreading. We assume that each walker visits independently the nodes of a finite ergodic graph in a discrete-time Markovian walk governed by his specific transition matrix. With this assumption, we first derive an upper bound for the reproduction numbers. Then, we assume that a walker is in one of the states: susceptible, infectious, or recovered. An infectious walker remains infectious during a certain characteristic time. If an infectious walker meets a susceptible one on the same node, there is a certain probability for the susceptible walker to get infected. By implementing this hypothesis in computer simulations, we study the space-time evolution of the emerging infection patterns. Generally, random walk approaches seem to have a large potential to study epidemic spreading and to identify the pertinent parameters in epidemic dynamics.}, language = {en} } @misc{PototskyOronBestehorn, author = {Pototsky, Andrey and Oron, Alexander and Bestehorn, Michael}, title = {Equilibrium shapes and floatability of static and vertically vibrated heavy liquid drops on the surface of a lighter fluid}, series = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics}, volume = {922}, journal = {Journal of Fluid Mechanics}, issn = {1469-7645}, doi = {10.1017/jfm.2021.546}, pages = {A31-1 -- A31-21}, abstract = {A small drop of a heavier fluid may float on the surface of a lighter fluid supported by surface tension forces. In equilibrium, the drop assumes a radially symmetric shape with a circular triple-phase contact line. We show that such a floating liquid drop with a sufficiently small volume has two distinct equilibrium shapes at terrestrial gravity: one with a larger and one with a smaller radius of the triple-phase contact line. Static stability analysis reveals that both shapes could be stable if the drop volume is below a certain critical value. Experiments conducted with μL-sized water drops floating on commercial oil support the existence of multiple contact line radii for a drop with fixed volume. Next, we experimentally study the floatability of a less viscous water drop on the surface of a more viscous and less dense oil, subjected to a low-frequency (Hz-order) vertical vibration. We find that in a certain range of amplitudes, vibration helps heavy liquid drops to stay afloat. The physical mechanism of the increased floatability is explained by the horizontal elongation of the drop driven by subharmonic Faraday waves. The average length of the triple-phase contact line increases as the drop elongates that leads to a larger average lifting force produced by the surface tension.}, language = {en} }