@book{Lucke, author = {Lucke, Bernhard}, title = {Demise of the Decapolis : past and present desertification in the context of soil development, land use, and climate}, publisher = {VDM Verlag Dr. M{\"u}ller}, address = {Saarbr{\"u}cken}, isbn = {978-3-639-00613-1}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LuckeBaeumler, author = {Lucke, Bernhard and B{\"a}umler, Rupert}, title = {Desertification in Jordan in the Light of Paleosols and Past Environmental Change}, language = {en} } @incollection{LuckeSchmidtAlSaadetal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Schmidt, Michael and Al-Saad, Ziad and B{\"a}umler, Rupert}, title = {Water Systems of the Decapolis (Northern Jordan) and their Relation to the Landscape during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods}, series = {L'eau comme patrimoine : de la M{\´e}diterran{\´e}e {\`a} l'Am{\´e}rique du Nord}, booktitle = {L'eau comme patrimoine : de la M{\´e}diterran{\´e}e {\`a} l'Am{\´e}rique du Nord}, editor = {Hermon, Ella}, publisher = {Presses de l'Univ. Laval}, address = {Quebec}, isbn = {978-2-7637-8538-7}, pages = {223 -- 236}, language = {en} } @article{LuckeAlSaadSchmidtetal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Al-Saad, Ziad and Schmidt, Michael and B{\"a}umler, Rupert and Lorenz, S.-O. and Udluft, P. and Heußner, Karl-Uwe and Walker, B.}, title = {Soils and Land Use in the Decapolis Region (Northern Jordan). Implications for Landscape Development and the Impact of Climate Change}, language = {en} } @incollection{Lucke, author = {Lucke, Bernhard}, title = {Wasser oder Boden - welches war der Schl{\"u}ssel f{\"u}r die Bl{\"u}te der Dekapolis-Region?}, series = {Cura aquarum in Jordanien, proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region, Petra, Amman, 31 March - 09 April 2007}, booktitle = {Cura aquarum in Jordanien, proceedings of the 13th International Conference on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean Region, Petra, Amman, 31 March - 09 April 2007}, publisher = {Books on Demand GmbH}, address = {Norderstedt}, pages = {177 -- 188}, abstract = {Beitr{\"a}ge des 11. Internationalen Symposiums zur Geschichte der Wasserwirtschaft und des Wasserbaus im Mediterranen Raum, Petra/Amman 31. M{\"a}rz - 9 April 2007}, language = {de} } @incollection{LuckeNikolskiiHelbronetal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Nikolskii, Iourii and Helbron, Hendrike and Palekhov, Dmitry}, title = {Progressive Development and Strategic Environmental Assessment}, series = {Progressive development : to mitigate the negative impact of global warming on the semi-arid regions}, booktitle = {Progressive development : to mitigate the negative impact of global warming on the semi-arid regions}, editor = {Issar, Aryē S.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-642-10639-2}, pages = {87 -- 133}, abstract = {The book is based on the results of the investigations of the authors in the semi-arid and arid regions (ASAR) of the globe. These investigations brought to the conclusion that the warming climate will cause the drying up of the water resources in these regions. In this case the principles of Sustainable Development will not be able to avert forthcoming catastrophes. These conclusions brought to the compilation of the policy of "Progressive Development", emphasising investment in the development of new water resources and changing the natural environments while advancing the local populations on the dimension of knowledge by education.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lucke, author = {Lucke, Bernhard}, title = {Demise of the Decapolis : past and present desertification in the context of soil development, land use, and climate}, publisher = {BTU Cottbus}, address = {Cottbus}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:co1-opus-3431}, pages = {231}, abstract = {Desertification is seen as a severe threat to Mediterranean ecosystems and the desert fringes. Both land use and climate variations may lead to an advance of the desert, and human and natural factors can be connected in feedback relationships. This makes it difficult to describe cause-and-effect relationships, and to predict the impact of global warming. A key is understanding historic desertification, since the investigation of the past allows to better separate the roles of man and weather. These questions were investigated in the Decapolis region in northern Jordan, an area in the transition zone between the Arabian desert and the Mediterranean climate belt. It had been assumed that historic desertification in the Decapolis was connected with severe degradation of soils, and caused by agricultural mismanagement and deforestation. This idea served as explanation for economic decay and abandonment of cities, too. However, the greatest part of the erosion took place during the last Ice Age and the Younger Dryas. There is no indication that the inanimate landscape changed significantly since the Bronze Age. Historic field systems were partially preserved and seem reflected by distinct soil development, indicating that the impact of land use was more complex and less devastating than previously assumed. Historic human impacts on the natural environment seem limited, and certainly not connected with desertification. Romantic northern European misconceptions of how a "natural" landscape should look like may in this context have contributed to a negative assessment of traditional agriculture in the Mediterranean. Comparative analyses of soils and colluvia, air photos, historic travel reports, tree rings and climate reconstructions indicate that population growth was behind the flourishing of the Decapolis, which took place mostly under favourably stable climatic conditions. Periods of decline seem triggered by climatic anomalies. As it seems, climate change was previously understood too linearly: extreme rainfall events can be more devastating than drought, and temperature, wind and rainfall distribution over the year are important as well. Cool and dry periods at the end of the last Ice Age were connected with incision and sometimes dramatic erosion. Climatic fluctuations during history may have been connected with pests, famines, plagues, and wars which caused dramatic drops of population levels. The ecological sensitivity of the desert belt may have aggravated the impact of climate variations. Economic recovery took place only when population levels rose again. It is so far unknown how climate will develop under global warming, but an increasing number of anomalous events could have dramatic impacts. The key for dealing with global warming seems therefore adaptation to climatic irregularities.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LuckeNikolskiiHelbronetal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Nikolskii, Iourii and Helbron, Hendrike and Palekhov, Dmitry}, title = {Some Examples of Development in the Desert Belts}, series = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, booktitle = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, editor = {Issar, Aryē S.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-642-10639-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_13}, pages = {89 -- 91}, abstract = {Most semi-arid regions face strong population growth. For example, with the actual growth rate in Jordan, population doubles every 25 years. Many countries in the desert belt experienced rapid modernisation during the last 50 years. Taking Jordan again as an example, modern western life styles are spreading quickly. They co-exist with traditional herding and farming in the rural areas, but urbanization is rapidly expanding.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LuckeNikolskiiHelbronetal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Nikolskii, Iourii and Helbron, Hendrike and Palekhov, Dmitry}, title = {Sustainability in the Desert?}, series = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, booktitle = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, editor = {Issar, Aryē S.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-642-10639-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_14}, pages = {93 -- 94}, abstract = {According to the definition of sustainability, the achievements of past civilizations, e.g. the floodwater farming near the site of Umm el-Jimal, were sustainable since they did not rely on non-renewable resources. But they did not allow continuous settlement from antiquity until today. It is often assumed that breaks in settlement history were due to over-exploitation of the environment, e.g. overgrazing and soil erosion.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LuckeNikolskiiHelbronetal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Nikolskii, Iourii and Helbron, Hendrike and Palekhov, Dmitry}, title = {The Potential of Progressive Development}, series = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, booktitle = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, editor = {Issar, Aryē S.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-642-10639-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_15}, pages = {95 -- 96}, abstract = {The overview of developments in the desert makes clear that Progressive Development is already implemented is many areas, although it is not acknowledged as such and a coordinating master plan is missing. International plans would be very desirable, since water is a transboundary issue. For example, exploitation of the Disi aquifer led to conflict between Jordan and Saudi Arabia [1]. Jordan, Syria, Israel and Palestine share the Yarmouk River as the primary freshwater resource, which is a very sensitive political issue.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LuckeNikolskiiHelbronetal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Nikolskii, Iourii and Helbron, Hendrike and Palekhov, Dmitry}, title = {The Feasibility of Progressive Development}, series = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, booktitle = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-642-10639-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_16}, pages = {97 -- 101}, abstract = {It is a deeply entrenched belief that historic land use led to land degradation in the desert belts. Supposedly, overgrazing and farming caused erosion, and irrigation led to salinization. Considering the gaps in settlement history, mismanagement is considered a prime reason for abandonment [1-3]. If this is so, Progressive Development might be doomed to fail, because the soils are already degraded and will inevitably degrade further. Climate variations, however, can also lead to degradation, and might have caused the fluctuations of settlement history. The correct assessment of the past will be most important for evaluating the impact of Progressive Development. This and the geographic law of soil zonality allow predicting how soils and the environment will develop under irrigation and permanent vegetation.}, language = {en} } @incollection{NikolskiiLuckeHelbronetal., author = {Nikolskii, Iourii and Lucke, Bernhard and Helbron, Hendrike and Palekhov, Dmitry}, title = {The Socio-Economic Framework: What Can be Learned from Earlier Failures?}, series = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, booktitle = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, editor = {Issar, Aryē S.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-642-10639-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_18}, pages = {115 -- 117}, abstract = {Large-scale irrigation projects are theoretically beneficial; however there are examples of outstanding failures which partly led to ecological catastrophes. We think that irrigation per se does not necessarily lead to land degradation. Even in the famous case of the Mesopotamian plains, the idea that ancient Sumerian irrigation caused irreversible salinization [1] is far less evident than often assumed in the public discussion[2].}, language = {en} } @incollection{LuckeNikolskiiHelbronetal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Nikolskii, Iourii and Helbron, Hendrike and Palekhov, Dmitry}, title = {Discussion and Conclusion}, series = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, booktitle = {Progressive Development : To Mitigate the Negative Impact of Global Warming on the Semi-arid Regions}, editor = {Issar, Aryē S.}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {978-3-642-10639-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_20}, pages = {131 -- 133}, abstract = {The current discussion of "sustainability" focuses on aspects of conserving the environmental status quo. However, the environmental history of the desert belts is characterized by strong environmental fluctuations, and modern technology started to irreversibly change societies living in arid regions, initiating a growth which long since crossed the limits that could be supported by renewable resources. Due to these conditions, it seems unlikely that "sustainability" in the conservative meaning of preserving the status quo will be feasible in the desert belts. In fact, Progressive Development is already implemented, though not recognised as such and without coordinating master plans.}, language = {en} } @misc{LuckeSchmidt, author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Schmidt, Michael}, title = {Past and present desertification in the context of climate change - a case study from Jordan}, series = {Forum der Forschung}, journal = {Forum der Forschung}, number = {20}, issn = {0947-6989}, pages = {85 -- 88}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LuckeSchmidtAlSaadetal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Schmidt, Michael and Al-Saad, Ziad and B{\"a}umler, Rupert}, title = {Water Systems of the Decapolis (Northern Jordan) and their Relation to the Landscape during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods}, series = {L'eau comme patrimoine : de la M{\´e}diterran{\´e}e {\`a} l'Am{\´e}rique du Nord}, booktitle = {L'eau comme patrimoine : de la M{\´e}diterran{\´e}e {\`a} l'Am{\´e}rique du Nord}, editor = {Hermon, Ella}, publisher = {Les Presses de l'Universit{\´e} Laval}, address = {Qu{\´e}bec}, isbn = {978-2-7637-8538-7}, pages = {275 -- 279}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LuckeSchmidtBaeumler, author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Schmidt, Michael and B{\"a}umler, Rupert}, title = {B{\"o}den, Sedimente und Pal{\"a}ob{\"o}den als Archive der Auswirkungen von Klimaver{\"a}nderungen}, series = {5. Marktredwitzer Bodenschutztage - Boden und Klima im Wandel}, booktitle = {5. Marktredwitzer Bodenschutztage - Boden und Klima im Wandel}, publisher = {Stadt Marktredwitz}, address = {Marktredwitz}, pages = {60 -- 65}, language = {de} } @incollection{LuckeSchmidtBaeumler, author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Schmidt, Michael and B{\"a}umler, Rupert}, title = {Desertification in Jordan in the Light of Paleosols and Past Environmental Change}, series = {Combating Desertification : Assessment, Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies}, booktitle = {Combating Desertification : Assessment, Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies}, editor = {Gabriels, Donald and Cornelis, Wim M. and Eyletters, Murielle and Hollebosch, Patrick}, publisher = {UNESCO Chair of Eremology [u.a.]}, address = {Ghent}, isbn = {978-90-5989-271-2}, pages = {64 -- 73}, language = {en} } @misc{LuckeShunnaqWalkeretal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Shunnaq, Mohammed and Walker, Bethany and Shiyab, Atef and Muḥaysin, Zaydūn and al-Sababha, Hussein and B{\"a}umler, Rupert and Schmidt, Michael}, title = {Questioning Transjordan's Historic Desertification: A Critical Review of the Paradigm of 'Empty Lands'}, series = {Levant}, volume = {44}, journal = {Levant}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1179/175638012X13285409187955}, pages = {101 -- 126}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LuckeShunnaqWalkeretal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Shunnaq, Mohammed and Walker, Bethany and B{\"a}umler, Rupert and Schmidt, Michael}, title = {Climate and landscape change in 6th century Jordan}, series = {Bodenarchive im geoarch{\"a}ologischen Kontext, Book of abstracts, joint meeting of working group Geoarchaeology and working group Paleopedology in Leipzig, 17. - 20.05.2012}, booktitle = {Bodenarchive im geoarch{\"a}ologischen Kontext, Book of abstracts, joint meeting of working group Geoarchaeology and working group Paleopedology in Leipzig, 17. - 20.05.2012}, editor = {Tinapp, Christian and Zielhofer, Christoph}, publisher = {zimodruck}, address = {Leipzig}, pages = {S. 29}, language = {en} } @misc{LuckeKemnitzBaeumleretal., author = {Lucke, Bernhard and Kemnitz, Helga and B{\"a}umler, Rupert and Schmidt, Michael}, title = {Red Mediterranean Soils in Jordan: New insights in their origin, genesis, and role as environmental archives}, series = {Catena}, volume = {112}, journal = {Catena}, doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2013.04.006}, pages = {4 -- 24}, language = {en} }